Dissertations / Theses: 'Cultural References'

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Nyrén, Jenny. "Translating American food culture from English to Swedish : A study of cultural references in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26349.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the different solutions used when translating cultural references. The source text is an extract from The Omnivore’s Dilemma. A Natural History of Four Meals (2006), written by Michael Pollan, and the material that this study is based on is taken from that text, as well as from my translation of that extract. The theme of the book is American food culture from various perspectives, which results in a culturally specific text. The cultural references in this study regard phenomena such as food-related items, geographical places and names, etc. In the translation of these cultural references, I used a combination of methods. The strategies used were Ingo’s complementary addition, Vinay and Darbelnet’s equivalence and adaptation, as well as Newmark’s transference. The analysis of the translation showed that the most used strategy was transference, which was expected considering that the purpose of the text is to present American food culture and the ambition and aim of the translation was to keep as many cultural references as possible in the target text. One conclusion that could be drawn from the study was that the purpose of the text and the intended TT reader are main factors when deciding how to translate cultural references.

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Lundquist, Ingrid. "Cunning Punning and Cultural References : Translating the typically British to Swedish." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35137.

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The main purpose of this study is to analyse what translation strategies can be used for rendering puns and cultural references, from English into Swedish, found in a text that humorously presents stereotypically British phenomena. The study also aims to determine whether the strategies are mainly source-oriented or target-oriented and to point out some similarities and differences between the translation strategies used for puns and cultural references. In order to solve the different problems that the puns and cultural references caused, various thesauruses, dictionaries, encyclopaedias and parallel texts have been consulted. The analysis of puns has been based on translation strategies presented by Delabastita (1996) and the analysis of cultural references on strategies presented by Pedersen (2007). Even if there proved to be some overlaps between Delabastita´s and Pedersen´s sets of strategies, the study confirms that puns and cultural references require quite different approaches and quite different strategies. The chosen approach for rendering puns was relatively free and target-oriented. The source text puns were predominantly rendered by replacing them with target text puns, even if this changed the text significantly. The cultural references, on the other hand, were mainly rendered by using source-oriented strategies. Retention and strategies that include or have been combined with Retention were the most frequently used ones.

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Gao, Peng. "La transferencia de los referentes culturales en el fansubbing del español al chino : El caso de la serie de televisión española El Ministerio del Tiempo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673487.

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La presente tesis abarca la transferencia de los referentes culturales en el fansubbing del español al chino a través de un corpus de la serie de televisión española El Ministerio del Tiempo compuesto por las traducciones del grupo Shenying y del grupo YYeTs. En el análisis cuantitativo no solo atendemos la densidad de los referentes culturales en el corpus, sino que también analizamos el uso de las técnicas de traducción para después centrarnos en las relaciones entre la clasificación de los referentes culturales y la clasificación de las técnicas de traducción. En el análisis cualitativo prestamos atención a la amplificación con las notas en la pantalla para luego hablar de sus formas, situaciones de uso, funciones y problemas observados en el corpus. Esta tesis es de gran valor en los Estudios de Traducción ya que profundiza en el estudio de las técnicas en una forma de traducción no profesional. Además, su énfasis recae en la transferencia de los referentes culturales del español al chino, tema importante para la formación de los traductores audiovisuales en esta combinación lingüística. This dissertation aims to research the rendering of cultural references in the fansubbing of Spanish into Chinese based on a corpus of translations of the Spanish TV series The Ministry of Time by the groups Shenying and YYeTs. In the quantitative analysis, we not only study the density of cultural references in the corpus, but we also analyze the translation techniques used. Then, we focus on the relations between the classification of cultural references and the classification of translation techniques. In the qualitative analysis, we pay attention to the use of amplification with notes on the screen before summarizing its forms, situations of use, functions and problems that were observed in the corpus. This dissertation has great value for Translation Studies as it delves into the study of the translation techniques in a non-professional translational form. Furthermore, it emphasizes on the rendering of cultural references from Spanish to Chinese, an important issue for audiovisual translators’ training of this language combination.

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Altahri, A. "Issues and strategies of subtitling cultural references : Harry Potter movies in Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29341/.

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Subtitling, as all other types of audiovisual translation, has always been influenced by cultural factors, and in turn subtitles have influenced their target readers. The close interrelation between language and culture in interlingual subtitling may raise problems, or challenging issues in translating cultural references from oral dialogue into written subtitles. The aim of this study is to investigate the problems and strategies involved in the Arabic subtitling of the cultural references in the Harry Potter movies in Arabic. Special focus will be laid on different types of cultural references such as names of people, mythological creatures, magical objects, place names, food items, neologisms, etc., which are characteristic of J. K. Rowling’s book on which the movies are based. These cultural references pose challenges for the subtitlers. The main objective of this study is to determine which factors and strategies play a significant role when subtitling Harry Potter movies for children in the Arab world. In order to achieve this aim, a descriptive approach within the discipline of translation studies has been adopted. More specifically, this approach will examine the possibility to observe any kind of consistency in the strategies applied for the subtitling of cultural references. Díaz Cintas’s model is proposed as a theoretical framework that helps in understanding and explaining the strategies available to the subtitler when subtitling cultural references. The study concludes that there is a complex of cultural, ideological, and technical aspects which have significant influence on subtitlers when subtitling for children, in particular from English into Arabic. The analysis shows that the Arabic subtitlers tend to use more strategies than others in dealing with cultural references. The conclusion attempts an explanation of the frequency of the strategies used.

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Ranzato, Irene. "The translation of cultural references in the Italian dubbing of television series." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14622.

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This research describes the strategies adopted by dubbing professionals (mainly translators) in their translations for dubbing of television series, from English into Italian. More specifically, it means to account for the norms governing the work of the translators in this field. In order to draw substantial conclusions, the analysis is conducted on a corpus of television fiction shows, which is not only sufficiently large but also varied in terms of genre, content, language use, and target audiences. The main focus of the analysis is the translation of culture specific references; a subject that has widely been recognised by scholars as being one of the most problematic translation issues, not only in the case of translation for dubbing but also in other areas such as literary and drama translation. One of the hypotheses presented is that the social and historical context in which dubbing originally came to be in Italy had an impact on its subsequent evolution and can still be relevant when dealing with issues of censorship and manipulation of contents. The methodological foundations of this research rest on Toury’s (1980, 1995) notion of norms in translation. Toury (1980: 51) considers norms to be central to the act and the event of translating. The ultimate aim of this study is, therefore, to map out the strategies activated by translators in response to the cultural environment in which they operate, and to detect the norms that are prevalent in the case of dubbing television series into Italian. The analysis is carried out on a corpus of over 95 hours of television programmes, whole episodes of three fiction series belonging to different genres: Friends (sitcom, USA); Life on Mars (science fiction/police procedural drama, UK); Six Feet Under (drama, USA). All the culture specific elements present in the corpus have been detected and their adaptation into Italian analysed from a quantitative and qualitative point of view in order to highlight the prevalent translational behaviours.

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Björk, Anna. "Not for Sale : Terminology and cultural references in a text on human trafficking." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32505.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse what strategies may be the most suitable ones when dealing with problems in the translation of a text on human trafficking. The focus of the study is how to translate terminology related to human trafficking, but also on how to deal with references to culture-specific phenomena. In order to find possible solutions for translation problems in the text, different dictionaries and term banks were used, as well as parallel texts and different translation strategies. The analysis is based on the translation strategies laid down by Vinay and Darbelnet, Ingo and Newmark. The findings of the study show that a number of different translation strategies had to be applied in order to solve the different translation problems. Regarding the translation of terminology, modulation, equivalence, addition and omission were the most useful strategies, as well as using parallel texts. The strategies found most useful in translating culture-specific phenomena were modulation, equivalence and addition, but componential analysis, transference and established translations were also used. Factors that decided what were the most appropriate strategies to apply in the different instances were the aim of the text, the perspective of the target reader and parallel texts.

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Olk, Harald Martin. "The translation of cultural references : an empirical investigation into the translation of culture-specific lexis by degree-level language students." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392709.

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Hiltunen, Nina. "The translation of cultural references and hyphenated premodifers in a travel guide about the Caribbean." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78138.

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This paper studies how cultural references and hyphenated premodifiers in an English travel guide about the Caribbean are translated into Swedish. The aim is to investigate what strategies that are used when translating cultural references, and why; as well as to see which grammatical structures that appear when translating hyphenated premodifiers from English to Swedish. The qualitative analysis focuses on how cultural references and hyphenated premodifiers are translated, the strategies/categories used, and the corresponding result. The quantitative analysis aims at summarizing what strategies or grammatical categories that are most commonly used in overcoming these translation issues. The results show that most hyphenated premodifiers are translated with another grammatical structure, namely through premodifying adjectives, without the use of hyphens. Regarding cultural references, equivalence, transference, and generalization were common strategies to convey the same content and sense to the new target readers, whereas the domesticating method together with communicative translation proved to be the most helpful methods.

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Sundqvist, Sofia. "Dealing with Cultural Issues in Translating Blog Columns by Jeff Klima." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12586.

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The aim of this essay is to identify and discuss possible solutions to problems regarding the translation of certain cultural references in blog columns by the American author Jeff Klima. More specifically, these cultural references are general cultural aspects, swear words and references to people. General cultural aspects include references to historical events, religious festivities, publications, cultural stereotypes and culturally based idioms. I use Vinay and Darbelnet’s strategies of direct and oblique translation, as well as Nida’s concepts of formal and dynamic equivalence. I also use Newmark’s strategies of semantic versus communicative translation, and Ingo’s adaption strategy. I find that there is no universal solution applicable to all types of culturally related issues in translation, but that every case is unique and requires a unique solution. What can be said, however, is that semantic translations and word-for-word translations are rarely applicable when it comes to cultural issues. True for all issues, however, is that the translator needs to be perfectly clear on what the author is saying and who the receiver, or target reader, is in order to begin to explore which strategy is best to use.

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Vänni, R. (Riikka). "The translation of cultural references and proper-name allusions in the Finnish subtitles of Gilmore Girls." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201712213398.

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This study deals with the translation of cultural references and proper-name allusions from English to Finnish in the DVD-subtitles of Gilmore Girls. Its most important aim is to examine what types of methods have been used to translate the culture-bound items found in the so-called Gilmore-isms or, what type of relationship does the target text have with the source text and whether the translations are more foreignising or domesticating. In addition to this, the study examines the type of influence the needs of the receiver and the audiovisual format and the relationship between the source and the target culture have on translation and in which ways translation is associated with cultural and social power structures in society. The research questions are approached with the help of Translation Studies. A methodological basis has been sought especially from the research on allusions by Leppihalme and the methods of foreignisation and domestication by Venuti. In addition to this, the analysis draws from Reception Theory and the Study of Audiovisual Translation. 9 episodes from the 4th season of Gilmore Girls were analysed. There were 62 Gilmore-isms and 80 cultural references to music, films, television programmes, fictional characters, politicians and famous people found in the study material. Based on this study and earlier research, it can be claimed that culture-bound items are usually translated with foreignising methods when translating from English to Finnish in television series. This is believed to have to do with the socio-economic power of Anglophone countries, especially the United States, over marginal ones. Finnish viewers are also used to English expressions and the culture of Anglophone countries and, therefore, the use of U.S. American cultural references does not form a problem for the receiver. The audiovisual format has not affected the chosen translation methods as much as had been anticipated, thus space has not been a particularly significant factor for the translators which can also be seen in the translation methods chosen Tässä tutkielmassa käsitellään kulttuuriviittausten sekä erisnimi-alluusioiden kääntämistä englannista suomeksi Gilmoren tyttöjen DVD-tekstityksissä. Sen perimmäisenä tarkoituksena on selvittää, millaisin metodein niin kutsutuista Gilmore-ismeista löydetyt kulttuurisidonnaiset viittaukset on käännetty, eli millainen suhde lähdetekstillä on kohdetekstiin ja ovatko käännökset kotouttavia vai vieraannuttavia. Lisäksi tutkielmassa selvitetään vastaanottajan tarpeiden ja audiovisuaalisen formaatin sekä lähde- ja kohdekulttuurin välisen suhteen vaikutusta käännöksiin ja millä tavoin kääntäminen liittyy yhteiskunnassa vallitseviin kulttuurisiin ja sosiaalisiin valtarakenteisiin. Tutkimuskysymyksiä lähestytään kääntämistutkimuksen keinoin. Metodista teoriapohjaa on haettu erityisesti Leppihalmeen alluusioiden tutkimuksesta, sekä Venutin kotouttamisen ja vieraannuttamisen strategioista. Tämän lisäksi analyysiosio ammentaa tietoa vastaanottotutkimuksesta, sekä audiovisuaalisen kääntämisen tutkimuksesta. Tutkimuksessa analysoitiin 9 Gilmoren tyttöjen jaksoa 4. tuotantokaudelta. Musiikkiin, elokuviin, televisio-ohjelmiin, fiktiivisiin hahmoihin, poliitikoihin sekä kuuluisuuksiin liittyviä Gilmore-ismeja löydettiin tutkimusmateriaalista 62 kappaletta ja niistä kulttuurisidonnaisia viittauksia 80 kappaletta. Tämän sekä aiempien tutkimusten perusteella voidaan väittää, että kulttuurisidonnaiset viittaukset käännetään useimmiten vieraannuttavasti silloin, kun käännetään englannista suomeksi televisiosarjoissa. Tämän uskotaan liittyvän englanninkielisten maiden, erityisesti Yhdysvaltojen omaamaan sosio-ekonomiseen valta-asemaan. Suomalaiset katsojat ovat myös tottuneet englanninkielisiin ilmaisuihin ja englanninkielisten maiden kulttuuriin, joten yhdysvaltalaisten kulttuuriviittausten käyttö sellaisenaan ei muodostu ongelmaksi katsojalle. Audiovisuaalinen formaatti ei ole vaikuttanut valittuihin käännösmetodeihin niin paljon kuin odotettiin, eli tila ei ole muodostunut merkittäväksi tekijäksi kääntäjille, mikä näkyy myös valituissa käännösmetodeissa

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Mella, Giulia. "La kryptonite nella borsa: Proposta di traduzione e sottotitolaggio verso l'inglese." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7147/.

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A translation of some chapters of the book "La kryptonite nella borsa” by Ivan Cotroneo and subtitles for the equivalents scenes in the movie “La kryptonite nella borsa”. A translation of cultural references from Italian into English without adapting them to the target culture.

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Wade, Richard Peter. "A systematics for interpreting past structures with possible cosmic references in Sub-Saharan Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05052009-174557/.

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Pedersen, Jan. "Scandinavian subtitles : a comparative study of subtitling norms in Sweden and Denmark with a focus on extralinguistic cultural references /." Stockholm : Department of English, Stockholm University : Stockholm University Library [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7159.

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Vierrether, Tanja. "Cultural and Linguistic Issues of Sitcom Dubbing: An Analysis of "Friends"." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1494865832944617.

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Ericson, Nanna. "Domestication Norms in French and Swedish : A Comparative Study of Subtitles." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38762.

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France has long had its foreign audiovisual material dubbed. If this is due to an attempt to conserve the French language, there should also be similar concern with foreign cultural references. This essay uses qualitative analyses of extralinguistic references to discover if a so-called domesticating practice is notable also in French subtitling. Sweden, however, is a smaller country, and may be considered more Americanized culturally. Swedish subtitling is used as the more globalized counterpart.This research cites instances in which extralinguistic references are made and how they are subsequently dealt with in the translated subtitles. The instances are singled out and then individually analyzed. Using four categories of translation methods for Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs), this study investigates whether translation norms differ between Swedish and French subtitles.This study‘s most important finding is that there do seem to be different norms for Swedish and French subtitles and that the francophone target audience is not required to move so far from its domestic reference frame as is the Swedish target audience.Another important finding is that while there are both quantitative and qualitative differences, there are also striking similarities on the statistical level, indicating that there are global norms that govern translation in general, and specifically subtitling.The results are interesting for the discussion around which ECRs are domesticated, but also for further sociolinguistic analyses of French domestication.

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Lindqwister, Robin. "I fablernas nät : En översättningsvetenskaplig uppsats om att undertexta nederländsk satir till svenska." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194786.

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Denna kandidatuppsats består av en längre översättning i form av en undertextning från nederländska till svenska, samt en kommentar till översättningen. Källtexten utgörs av inslaget De online fabeltjesfuik (ordagrant ’fabelryssjan’) ur det nederländska satiriska nyhetsprogrammet Zondag met Lubach. I kommentarsdelen beskrivs den teoretiska bakgrunden bakom den översättningsprincip och rangordning av översättningsprioriteringar som styrt undertextningsarbetet. Därefter behandlas ett urval av översättningsproblem samt strategierna för att lösa dem, med ett särskilt fokus på kulturella referenser och humor. Det största problemet utgörs dock i slutändan av översättningsformens egna begränsningar när det kommer till tid och utrymme, vilka styr alla andra översättningsval. This bachelor’s essay consists of a longer translation in the form of Dutch-to-Swedish subtitles, including a section commenting on the translation. The source text is made up of the segment De online fabeltjesfuik (literally ‘the fable fyke’) from the Dutch satirical news show Zondag met Lubach. The comment section describes the theoretical background behind the translation principle and the translation priorities which have guided the subtitling. Then a sample of translation problems along with the strategies used to solve them are presented, focusing on cultural references and humour. The largest issue remains the inherent limitations of subtitling as pertains to time and space, which influence all other translation choices made.

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Padovani, Giorgia. "Dubbing: an AVT mode on Italian television. Analysis of the dubbed Italian version of BBC's Sherlock." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14204/.

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The aim of this dissertation is to introduce the concept of dubbing as a form of audiovisual translation (AVT) and the importance of linguistic and cultural factors that are involved in the process of translating for dubbing. Nowadays, AVT is one of the most interesting and thriving fields in translation studies and dubbing is the oldest AVT mode. This paper is divided into three sections: the first one presents the origins of dubbing in Italy and the comparison between dubbing and subtitling, as the two main AVT modes. The second section is dedicated to the various issues that translators face and the techniques they usually adopt when translating for dubbing. Moreover, this section illustrates the perception of dubbing by the Italian audience. Finally, the last and most crucial section focuses on the analysis of the dubbed Italian version of the TV series Sherlock compared to the original one, analysing linguistic and cultural aspects that are particularly interesting from the point of view of translation.

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Salazar, Ferro Gabriela. "Étude de l'importance de la dynamique culturelle et des croyances dans la construction des empires : le cas des Romains et des Incas." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30020.

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Cette étude se fonde sur la comparaison entre l'empire romain et l'empire inca inaugurée par les chroniqueurs espagnols au XVIe siècle. Le symbolisme de Rome est analysé en fonction d'images de Cuzco produites par l'imaginaire européen. L'importance du passé romain dans la définition de l'Autre est rattaché au processus d'acculturation des Incas. L'analyse de symboles universels des mythes, et notamment du rôle des tricksters dans la construction de l'ordre des communautés et du pouvoir, vise à discerner les éléments pouvant être rattachés aux idéologies impérialistes. Le choixdes objets d'étude pousse à conclure sur l'universalisme de certains éléments interprétés de façon différente par chacune des civilisations Comparisons between Incas and Romans first started by 16th century Spanish chroniclers. We ail to highlight how Roman past and origins have been the bastion for European power justification and how Roman history and ideals became a cultural pattern. We suggest that Cuzco was stereotyped by European imaginary. As so, we chose to take an interest in mythical tricksters and their part in defining social boundaries. This leads to critical thinking on the way political power was perceived. We conclude that similar but not identical symbols were mobilized by Incas and Romans

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Höglund, Saga. "Att måla upp ett bedrägeri : En översättning från engelska till svenska om bedrägeriet som lurade nazisterna." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182473.

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Denna uppsats består av en längre översättning av förordet samt de tre första kapitlen ur den populärvetenskapliga boken The Forger’s Spell (2009) från engelska till svenska. Till det följer ett avsnitt med kommentarer på översättningsproblem som uppstod under processen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att etablera en lämplig översättningsprincip sett till faktorer som textens genre, position i polysystemet och stilistiska drag samt att skapa en målspråksanpassad översättning. Det översättningsteoretiska ramverket består av Even-Zohars (2012) polysystemteori, där översatt sakprosa befinner sig på en sekundär position i det svenska litterära systemet, vilket pekar mot en målspråksinriktad översättning. Vidare bygger det också på Nidas (2012) dynamiska ekvivalensteori, vars mål är att skapa en ekvivalent läsupplevelse för målspråksläsaren. Ramverket, tillsammans med en analys av källtexten låg till grund för översättningsprincipen som var att skapa en målspråksinriktad översättning. Något som framkom i processen var det faktum att denna översättning innebar en överföring mellan tre kulturer och några intressanta problem uppstod relaterat till detta. Syftet med uppsatsen uppfylldes, en teoretiskt förankrad princip etablerades och en översättning utformades nära utefter den, vilket resulterade i en målspråksanpassad, dynamiskt ekvivalent översättning. This essay contains a longer translation of an excerpt from English to Swedish of the popular science book The Forger’s Spell by Edward Dolnick, with comments on translation issues that surfaced during the process. The purpose of the essay was to establish a translation principle, suitable for the book’s genre, position within the polysystem, stylistic features as well as creating a target language-oriented translation. The theoretical framework for the essay consisted of Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory, by which translated non-fictional prose has a secondary position within the Swedish literary system. This points to it being translated in a target language-oriented manner. It also builds upon Nida’s dynamic equivalence, by which the goal is to create an equivalent reading experience for the target language reader as the source language reader had. This framework, combined with a textual analysis performed on the source text laid the foundation of the translation principle, which was to create a target language-oriented translation. The fact this translation meant a transmission of three different cultures emerged during this process, and some interesting problems related to this needed solving. The purpose of the essay was fulfilled, a theoretically grounded translation principle was established, and a translation was produced closely from it which resulted in a target language oriented, dynamically equivalent translation.

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Badiu, Adriana-Nicoleta. "“You’ve got to be kitten me!”: Translating puns, wordplay and speech styles in Don’t Starve – a localization proposal." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22830/.

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The rapid advances of technology brought forth significant transformations in the world, including at the level of society, changing how people communicate with each other. Computers and mobile devices already have a well-established place in our lives, not only as means of keeping in touch, but also as instruments able to provide something for which humans have always had a craving: entertainment The present dissertation is concerned with probably one of the most popular forms of entertainment available worldwide, namely video games, and with the linguistic processes that contributed to their transformation into the global phenomenon they are today: language translation and localization, with a particular focus on wordplay, one of the most frequently encountered challenges in translation.

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Chotova, Elena. "Les références culturelles dans les titres d'article de la presse russe contemporaine." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL025/document.

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Notre sujet de recherche est l'étude du phénomène citationnel dans les titres d'articles de la presse russe contemporaine. Les citations présentes dans les titres renvoient à différentes références culturelles textuelles : des citations d'oeuvres littéraires, d'écrits politiques, de textes de chansons, de titres ou de répliques de films, etc. La présente étude est réalisée sur 25 journaux et magazines des années 2002-2004 touchant un lectorat très large, du fait de leur tirage allant de 50000 à 3 millions d'exemplaires. Nous démontrons dans notre étude que ces citations appartiennent au phénomène appelé dans la langue russe "krylatye slova" (paroles ailées) qui désigne le phénomène des citations courantes. Ce phénomène, qui existe dans d'autres langues, n'a jamais été jusqu'à présent l'objet d'étude en tant que phénomène linguistique et culturel en France. L'utilisation de ces citations courantes, connues d'un large public à une époque donnée, dans un pays donné, est un marqueur d'identification nationale pour les locuteurs, qui n'ont pu avoir accès à la majorité de ces références que par l'exposition à une éducation commune et à une vie dans un champ culturel commun. Notre étude de l'utilisation de ces citations dans les titres d'article de la presse russe contemporaine donne donc un aperçu sur les références qui constituent le fonds culturel commun des Russes d'aujourd'hui. Notre étude propose également un instrument accessible à tous permettant de découvrir et recenser ces références, actualisées à une époque donnée The subject of our research work is the study of the quotations phenomena that appear in the articles titles of the contemporary russian press. These quotations refer to source texts belonging to different categories of the culture : literary works, political works, songs, movies,... Our research work is based on the analysis of articles published in 25 russian newspapers and magazines, mainly on the period 2002-2004. These newspapers and magazines address a wide public, with prints up to 3 millions. We demonstrate in our work that the quotations that may be found in the article titles are "krylatye slova" (winged words, that is to say usual quotations). This phenomena exist as such in russian and german linguistics but has not been studied until now as a specific phenomena in french linguistics. The usage of winged words, quotations widely known by the general public at a given period of time in a specific country, is a sign of national identification for the speakers, as these quotations refer to cultural knowledge they could acquire only through a common education and exposure to life in the same country. Our work gives an overview of the common cultural references of the contemporary russian people, and proposes a tool, accessible to everybody, to discover these references, actualized at a specific period of time

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Canan, Ana Gra?a. "Refer?ncias culturais e heterogeneidade discursiva :Uma proposta para o ensino-aprendizagem de l?ngua inglesa." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16398.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaGC.pdf: 540481 bytes, checksum: 193518383be508c442825d2a26edcfd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 The purpose of this research is to approach the English literary text from the point of view of the culture and the heterogeneity of discourse in its role as a source of elements that facilitate the teaching/learning process of English as a foreign language. Several instances of discourse heterogeneity are analyzed through cultural references in the original texts of the following English novels: Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bront? (1816-1855), published in 1847; The Mill on the Floss, by George Eliot (1819-1890), published in 1860 and Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens (1812-1870), published between 1860 and 1861. Theoretical support was sought in Kramsch, Bakhtin, Maingueneau, Authier-Revuz, Widdowson and Larsen-Freeman. Activities in English are proposed in the end whereby it can be seen that the questions at issue can be used extensively in the classroom. Esta pesquisa busca abordar o texto liter?rio em l?ngua inglesa na perspectiva da cultura e da heterogeneidade discursiva, enquanto fonte de elementos facilitadores do processo ensinoaprendizagem de ingl?s l?ngua estrangeira. A an?lise se dedica ?s diversas ocorr?ncias da heterogeneidade discursiva, atrav?s das refer?ncias culturais, no original em ingl?s dos seguintes romances: Jane Eyre, de Charlotte Bront? (1816-1855), publicado em 1847; The mill on the Floss, de George Eliot (1819-1890), publicado em 1860 e Great expectations, de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), publicado entre 1860 e 1861. O referencial te?rico ap?ia-se em Kramsch, Bakhtin, Maingueneau, Authier-Revuz, Widdowson e Larsen-Freeman. Ao final, propomos atividades em l?ngua inglesa, mostrando que as quest?es apontadas podem ser largamente exploradas em sala de aula.

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Fröderberg, Shaiek Christopher. "Copy of a Copy? : Indirect Translations from Bengali into Swedish Translated via English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170433.

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This study investigates indirect translations translated from Bengali source texts to Swedish target texts via English intermediary texts by comparing Pedersen’s (2011) Extralinguistic Cultural References in coupled pairs from all three languages. The purpose of this study is to examine how indirect translations differ from direct translations and to discern whether there are specific translation strategies that translators use when transferring Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) from a third language. The results were analyzed with a perspective based on translation norms, previous research into indirect translation, and the concept of foreignization/domestication in mind. The results show that an indirect translation can be closer to the original source text than the intermediary text it was based on in the first place. This was demonstrated with the Swedish TTs displaying more source-oriented transfer strategies compared to the English ITs, which displayed a higher amount of target-oriented strategies used by the translators. An unexpected finding was noted in the analysis material, namely that misunderstandings or deviations present in the ITs were not necessarily transferred to the TTs, which goes against previous research into indirect translations (cf. Dollerup 2000; Tegelberg 2011; Ringmar 2016). This supports similar results as found in Adler (2016) and Hekkanen (2014). In conclusion, the results suggest that the tendency of high-prestige literature resulting in adequate translations would be stronger than the tendency of indirect translations resulting in acceptable translations in the context of the Swedish target system. The source-oriented strategies in the TTs could also be seen as resistancy to target norms by the translators to create foreignizing translations.

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Parviainen, Jennie. "Zombie Gods Seep Goo : A Study on the Translation of Imagery." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44455.

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Abstract Imagery can be one of the difficulties a translator faces. It can be difficult to transfer the same image in a metaphor, simile, metaphorical adjective or a cultural reference to the target text. The aim of this study is to look at what translation strategies can be used for the translation of said imagery. The method is a quantitative analysis of the source text’s imagery types and a qualitative analysis of the translation strategies used. Since the language pair come from the same language family and have a lot of similarities in terms of culture, literal translations, equivalences and, in some cases, adaptions were suspected to be more frequent. The results show that for metaphors, similes and metaphorical adjectives literal translations were the most frequent ones, followed by equivalents carrying the same connotations, for metaphors and adjectives. Adaption, which is perhaps not really translation at all, was frequently used for the cultural references due to the target oriented approach. Omission and neutral explanations were used where the loss of information did not affect the presumed understanding of the target text reader. Transference, transposition and calque were used to some extent but not as frequent as suspected. In conclusion, when two languages are as similar as Swedish and English, a translator can go far by using literal translation or, where applicable, equivalents.

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Araújo, Wendy Almeida de. "Os ritmos tradicionais nos tambores do tocantins: constituições identitárias e processos culturais." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3193.

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Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-26T19:47:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Wendy.pdf: 2661693 bytes, checksum: 6731040c4009cb7f37448825a1a06c71 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-26T20:08:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Wendy.pdf: 2661693 bytes, checksum: 6731040c4009cb7f37448825a1a06c71 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-26T20:08:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Wendy.pdf: 2661693 bytes, checksum: 6731040c4009cb7f37448825a1a06c71 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-23 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The guiding theme of this research is the appropriation of traditional rhythms of Tocantins on a percussive music project called Tocantins Drums. The empirical corpus is a set of rhythms: sússia, catira, drum, roda and congo. The choise was motivated because they have cultural reference in the State. The goal was identify the Tocantins Drums group formation and appropriate. For this purpose was achieved, it was proposed specifically: understand the importance of the relationship between culture and communication and subaltern culture and mass culture; identify which group's proposal and how the rhythms are worked; understand how to constitute the identities of the group, to identify the elements and belonging of the project participants; verify that the more traditional groups are recognized in the representation of the Drums of Tocantins and realize what the differences between them.The assumptions were that participants in the group Drums of Tocantins developed from a traditional style, but incorporating elements of mass culture, its own forms and styles of cultural expression and acquired a positive stance in relation to the rhythms and music critics as massive , which could result in the construction of their identity.After the conclusion of the proposed research, it was found that not exacly those factors constitute the identity of the group, but a greater bond, the social inclusion. O tema norteador dessa pesquisa é a apropriação de ritmos tradicionais tocantinenses em um projeto de música percussiva chamado Tambores do Tocantins. O corpus empírico é um conjunto de ritmos: sússia, catira, tambor, congo e roda. A escolha desse objeto foi motivada por eles serem referência nas manifestações culturais do Estado. O objetivo era identificar a dinâmica de formação de identidade do grupo Tambores do Tocantins, na medida em que esses ritmos são apropriados. Para que tal fim fosse alcançado, propôs-se especificamente: compreender a importância da relação entre cultura e comunicação e cultura subalterna e cultura de massa; identificar qual a proposta do grupo Tambores do Tocantins e como os ritmos são trabalhados; compreender como se constitui as identidades do grupo; identificar os elementos singularizantes e de pertencimento dos participantes do projeto; verificar se os grupos mais tradicionais se reconhecem na representação do Tambores do Tocantins e perceber quais as diferenças entre eles. Os pressupostos eram que os participantes do grupo Tambores do Tocantins desenvolviam a partir de um estilo tradicional, mas incorporando elementos da cultura de massa, suas próprias formas e estilos de expressão cultural, e adquiriam uma postura positiva em relação aos ritmos e crítica quanto a música massiva, o que poderia resultar na construção de sua identidade. Após a conclusão das investigações propostas, constatou-se que não são exatamente esses fatores que constituem a identidade de grupo do Tambores do Tocantins, mas um vínculo maior, a inclusão social.

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Amarante, Walkyria Mollica do. "Criatividade na educa??o ind?gena: an?lise de material curricular em S?o Paulo." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2011. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/431.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walkyria Mollica do Amarante 1-121.pdf: 23488787 bytes, checksum: 90bebc355b4c4b2ef7d9ad345c7e5bbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-16 The research aimed to observe and analyze these creative strategies in the context of curriculum materials produced for the Indigenous Education in the State of S?o Paulo. The documents consulted were provided by the Center for Indian Education (NIS), linked to the Coordinator of Education and Pedagogical Standards (CENP) of the Ministry of Education of the State of S?o Paulo. We tried to theoretical studies and reflections of researchers and experts from different fields of knowledge related to this topic, supporting arguments, data collection and registration of new information, the standards of the document retrieval quality. Educational materials were produced by teachers observed students in ethnic-Guarani, Kaingang Krenak, Tupi-Guarani and Terena in training courses and training of indigenous teachers in exercising their functions in the village schools of S?o Paulo, promoted by NIS- in partnership with CENP-EDUSP USP. Job steps were divided into four groups or series, according to the characteristics and origins of selected documents: Preliminary Studies (legal subsidies federal and state governments and their offshoots), Study I - Series 1 (discussions on the National Curriculum Reference) Study II - Series 2 (material relating to Indigenous Teaching Course - Level m?dio/MagIN/2003), Study III - Series No. 3 (Course materials resulting from the Higher Education of Indigenous Teachers - FISPI/2005- 2008 TCCs and student-teacher ). The documents consulted confirm the assumptions that creativity is present in Intercultural and Bilingual Education Differentiated / Multul?ngue Indigenous communities in school in Sao Paulo. What can be noticed from the teaching strategies used in the preparation and implementation of instructional materials, using methods such as transdisciplinarity and playfulness of indigenous transmission of wisdom and knowledge exchanges. The creative features most noticeable in the context of the documents were: flexibility, fluency of ideas, innovation, originality, sensitivity, imagination and inspiration, independence of thought and initiatives, analogies, metaphors, and combinations of concepts, motivation and curiosity, impulsiveness and spontaneity; play and relaxation, enhancement of association of ideas and knowledge. Field work does not end with this research, it offers numerous opportunities for further and search for new answers. The model was produced a brochure-book, "Creative strategies in Indigenous Education" offered to the NIS of the Secretariat of Education of S?o Paulo for evaluation studies of the distribution and socialization opportunities for indigenous communities. A pesquisa objetivou observar e analisar estrat?gias criativas presentes no contexto do material curricular produzido para a Educa??o Escolar Ind?gena no Estado de S?o Paulo. Os documentos consultados foram disponibilizados pelo N?cleo de Educa??o Ind?gena (NEI), ligado ? Coordenadoria de Ensino e Normas Pedag?gicas (CENP) da Secretaria da Educa??o do Estado de S?o Paulo. Buscou-se embasamento te?rico em reflex?es e estudos de pesquisadores e especialistas de diferentes campos de conhecimentos relacionados com a tem?tica proposta, para suporte de discuss?es, coleta dados e registro de novas informa??es, nos padr?es de uma pesquisa documental qualitativa. Os materiais did?ticos observados foram produzidos por professores-alunos das etnias Guarani, Kaingang, Krenak, Terenas e Tupi-Guarani nos cursos de capacita??o e forma??o de professores ind?genas, no exerc?cio de suas fun??es nas escolas das aldeias de S?o Paulo, promovidos pelo NEI-CENP em parceria com a EDUSP-USP. As etapas de trabalho foram divididas em quatro blocos ou s?ries, de acordo com as caracter?sticas e origens dos documentos selecionados: Estudos Preliminares (subs?dios legais federais e estaduais e seus desdobramentos), Estudo I S?rie n?1 (discuss?es sobre o Referencial Curricular Nacional), Estudo II S?rie n?2 (materiais referentes ao Curso de Magist?rio Ind?gena n?vel m?dio/MagI&/2003), Estudo III S?rie n?3 (materiais resultantes do Curso de Forma??o Superior de Professores Ind?genas FISPI/2005-2008 e TCCs dos professores-alunos). Os documentos consultados confirmam os pressupostos de que a criatividade est? presente na Educa??o Diferenciada Intercultural e Bil?ngue/Multul?ngue Ind?gena, nas comunidades escolares em S?o Paulo. O que pode ser notado a partir das estrat?gias pedag?gicas utilizadas na elabora??o e aplica??o dos materiais did?ticos, usando a transdisciplinariedade e a ludicidade como metodologias de transmiss?o de sabedorias ind?genas e conhecimentos interculturais. As caracter?sticas criativas mais notadas no contexto dos documentos avaliados foram: flexibilidade; flu?ncia de id?ias; inova??o; originalidade; sensibilidade; inspira??o e fantasia; independ?ncia de pensamento e iniciativas; analogias, met?foras e combina??es de conceitos; motiva??o e curiosidade; impulsividade e espontaneidade; brincadeiras e descontra??o; aprimoramento de id?ias e associa??o de saberes. O campo de trabalho n?o se esgota com esta pesquisa, pois oferece in?meras possibilidades de continua??o e busca de novas respostas. Foi produzido o modelo de um folheto-cartilha, Estrat?gias criativas na Educa??o Ind?gena , oferecido ao NEI da Secretaria da Educa??o de S?o Paulo para avalia??o, estudos das possibilidades de divulga??o e socializa??o para as comunidades ind?genas.

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Wu, Sian-Huang. "Traducción y recepción de la subtitulación chino-español. Análisis de la cultura lingüística como referente cultural." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120546.

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Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio de la traducción y la subtitulación englobando la cultura lingüística como referente cultural en seis películas taiwanesas subtituladas al español. Nuestros objetivos son los siguientes: 1) otorgar un concepto dinámico a la cultura lingüística que nos permita englobar los aspectos lingüísticos y paralingüísticos a fin de identificar las características de los personajes de las películas; 2) analizar la correlación entre las técnicas de traducción más utilizadas para las categorías de nuestra clasificación de referentes culturales y su recepción según la accesibilidad a los contextos situacionales; y 3) realizar una encuesta que nos sirva para averiguar cómo los elementos cinematográficos (subtítulos, imágenes, pista sonora) pueden condicionar la recepción de los informantes españoles. La metodología del presente trabajo de investigación consiste en extraer los referentes culturales del corpus según nuestra clasificación de referentes culturales, diseñar un modelo de análisis de la recepción de los referentes culturales incluyendo el producto de la traducción (subtítulos, imágenes, pista sonora), el proceso de traducción (técnicas y estrategias de traducción) y la recepción de los referentes culturales (entorno cognitivo de los informantes taiwaneses y españoles), y realizar una encuesta que nos permita analizar la recepción de la subtitulación de Rebeldes del dios Neón. Según los resultados obtenidos en nuestra investigación, en primer lugar concluimos que, si bien la traducción al español de los referentes culturales de la cultura lingüística extraídos del corpus consigue una equivalencia desde el punto de vista lingüístico, la equivalencia conceptual puede ser distinta si nos atenemos a la perspectiva pragmática. En segundo lugar, los análisis de la correlación entre las técnicas de traducción más utilizadas en las categorías de nuestra clasificación de referentes culturales confirman que, mayoritariamente, la accesibilidad a los contextos situacionales de los referentes culturales es un factor crucial a la hora de analizar la recepción de los mismos. En tercer lugar, los datos obtenidos de nuestra encuesta muestran que las imágenes correspondientes a los referentes culturales no ayudan a los informantes españoles de una manera significativa debido a que la mayoría de los elementos culturales provienen de la cultura lingüística y, en Rebeldes del dios Neón, se ha preferido neutralizar o implicitar el lenguaje original. Asimismo, a los informantes españoles les resulta más difícil interpretar los fragmentos sin diálogos debido a la distancia cultural. En cuanto a la pista sonora, el elemento paralingüístico acento tampoco puede ser identificado por la audiencia meta, dado que dicho elemento cultural requiere ciertos conocimientos lingüísticos y culturales si queremos que nos sirva para identificar a los personajes de dicha película. This thesis focuses on how translation and subtitling deals with linguistic culture in six Taiwanese films with Spanish subtitles. Our objectives are: 1) to provide a dynamic concept to linguistic culture that allows us to include linguistic and paralinguistic aspects in order to identify the characteristics of the characters in the films, 2) to analyze the relationship between the most used translation techniques for the categories of our classification of cultural references and its reception in terms of context accessibility, and 3) to create a survey that will help us to find out how the film elements (subtitles, images, audio tracks) may condition the reception of the Spanish audience. The methodology of this research consists in extracting the cultural references from the corpus according to our classification of cultural references, designing an analytical model for the reception of cultural references which includes the translation product (subtitles, images, audio tracks), the translation process (translation techniques and strategies) and the reception of cultural references (cognitive environment of Taiwanese and Spanish recipients), and creating a survey which enables us to analyze the reception of Rebels of the Neon God. First, according to the results of this research, we conclude that even though the Spanish translation of cultural references which are extracted from the category of linguistic culture should be considered equivalent from the linguistic point of view, the conceptual equivalence may differ in their pragmatic dimension. Second, the analysis of the relationship between the most used translation techniques in the categories of our classification of cultural references shows that the accessibility to the contexts of the cultural references is a key factor when it comes to analyzing if the reception of the audience is similar between the source language and target language cultures. Also, the data of our survey shows that the images associated to the cultural references do not help the Spanish respondents in a significant way, because most of the cultural elements belong to the category of linguistic culture, which translators tend to neutralize or implicitate. Furthermore, it is difficult for the Spanish audience to interpret the fragments of the film without dialogues due to the cultural distance. As for the soundtrack, the paralinguistic element 'accent' cannot be identified by the Spanish audience, since this cultural element requires a certain linguistic and cultural knowledge if it is needed to identify the characters of this film.

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Chang, Suzana. "The Influence of Cultural Factors Including Language on Business Outcomes: Perceptions and Experiences of New Zealand exporters in Asia with reference to South Korea." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9373.

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This thesis examines the role of language and culture in international business. Through a theoretical framework, it investigates how these are integrated and argues that an understanding of the complexity of the relationship between language and culture in cross-cultural communication is crucial in international business, as essentially it provides an explanation as to what effective communication means. The premise that language and cultural barriers might be preventing New Zealand businesses from enhanced engagement in Asia was investigated using quantitative data obtained from an online survey of New Zealand exporters supported by qualitative data from case studies. The results revealed that New Zealand companies were expressing much apprehension regarding language and cultural barriers prior to entry into Asia but upon entry, they had found that the experience had not been as difficult as anticipated. English alone was sufficient for the most part, particularly during the early phases. However, if businesses wanted to commit fully on a long term engagement with Asia, then English alone was not enough because without the knowledge of the local language and culture, they could not communicate effectively to build long-term relationships. Faced with a rapidly changing, increasingly competitive multilingual global environment, this study suggests that New Zealand businesses will need to find practical solutions to best enhance their opportunities in Asia.

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Horn, Adrian Michael. "Americanisation and youth culture : juke boxes and cultural fusions, with special reference to northwest England 1945-1960." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428879.

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Yu, Xiaobing. "Bamboo: structure and culture utilizing bamboo in the industrial context with reference to its structure and cultural dimensions." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988931664/04.

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Haraldsson, Helena. "La traducción de conceptos políticos en la prensa : problemas y estrategias de traducción del español al sueco en el artículo "Adiós clase media, adiós"." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29188.

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This essay deals with translation issues arising when translating a political newspaper article from Spanish into Swedish. The identified issues are strongly related to cultural differences between the culture of the source text and the culture of the target text. Thus, the aim of the study is to identify and explore how cultural references, political concepts and metaphors are translated in the following newspaper article, “Adiós clase media, adiós”. The study is partly based on a quantitative method, which shows that the four most common translation techniques in the present translation are the following: transposition, direct translation, couplet and established equivalent. However, the qualitative analysis, focusing on the social context and the cognitive processes of the translations, proves that several other strategies are useful when translating political concepts. Furthermore, the study verifies that it is necessary that the translator bears in mind that by using one strategy or another, he or she can influence the way the target text will be perceived by the receptor. Some translations are more faithful to the source text while others are more closely related to the target culture. Likewise, some are strongly influenced by the author or publisher and others by the translator’s own ideological purposes.

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Marín, García Maria Paz. "Los referentes culturales de tipo jurídico en la ficción narrativa: análisis descriptivo en un corpus de novelas en lengua inglesa y su traducción a español." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10570.

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El objetivo de esta tesis es el estudio de la traducción (inglés-español) de referentes culturales jurídicos en la ficción jurídica, especialmente en relación con las técnicas de traducción de los referentes culturales. Por ello, realizamos una revisión de las relaciones entre derecho, literatura y traducción. Asimismo, consideramos fundamental la revisión de la noción de técnica de traducción y de sus denominaciones afines así como del concepto de norma de traducción. Ambas nociones constituyen las herramientas teóricas de este trabajo. Su aplicación a los datos obtenidos en nuestro corpus nos permite establecer relaciones entre pares de segmentos y técnicas, lo que a su vez nos permite ofrecer generalizaciones aplicables a la traducción de referentes culturales de tipo jurídico mediante el concepto de norma. Así, nuestra hipótesis principal parte de la consideración de que los referentes culturales jurídicos son específicos de cada cultura, por lo que es de esperar que los traductores intenten salvar la distancia existente entre las culturas jurídicas en contacto. Esta hipótesis plantea la siguiente relación: a mayor distancia cultural, mayor grado de intervención de los traductores para acercar la traducción a las expectativas y conocimientos del lector meta. Para ello, y teniendo en cuenta la noción de norma inicial de Toury (relacionado con los de adecuación y aceptabilidad), ordenamos las técnicas en un continuum en el que el extremo izquierdo indica menos distancia cultural respecto al texto de partida, lo que a su vez implica una menor intervención por parte del traductor; el extremo derecho indica más distancia cultural, lo que a su vez implica un mayor grado de intervención por parte del traductor. Nuestra investigación muestra que los traductores tienden hacia una posición de equilibrio entre ambos polos. Esto supone una preferencia hacia la adecuación respecto a aquellos referentes culturales jurídicos compartidos o con un mayor grado de similitud con los referentes culturales jurídicos del ordenamiento español, y una preferencia hacia la aceptabilidad respecto a aquellos referentes culturales jurídicos no compartidos o con un menor grado de similitud con los referentes culturales jurídicos del ordenamiento español.

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Correia, Maria Guilhermina Ferreira 1954. "S. Quintino-do referente cultural à fruição imagética." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade Lusíada, 1997. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30389.

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Kashoob, Hassan S. "Cultural translation problems with special reference to English/Arabic advertisements." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1147/.

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The thesis deals with the problems of translating "soft-sell" advertisements between Arabic and English. It is argued that a standardisation strategy of any international advertising campaign across cultures of soft-sell advertising is unsuccessful at any time in the case of Arabic and English. This stems not only from, besides the huge differences already existing between the two languages and cultures, such as socio-economic and socio-political, but also from the different methods and strategies adopted by the copywriters in employing various elements of humour, irony, persuasion, taboos (e.g. sexual connotations), conceptual sarcasm and cultural intertextuality, which are aimed at particular audiences, and the translation of which is determined by the elements of time and space. Localisation, according to the characters of the local market is thus the best solution for any successful cross-cultural advertising. The development of the role of culture and language in a given society has also been illustrated, followed by various approaches to cultural translation equivalence and cultural translation difficulties between Arabic and English. The thesis also contains a study of the techniques and methods of advertising. This includes elements of persuasion, strategies of standardisation, language and paralanguage of advertising, style of advertising and deviation in advertising from the norm of standard English.

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Smith, Doris Jean. "Reference groups and ritualistic behavior: A cultural perspective on addiction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/571.

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Forsell, Helena. "Étude sur la traduction des aspects culturels et la métonymie concernant un phénomène universel : le repas gastronomique." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45962.

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Abstract Title: How to translate cultural references Language: French Author: Helena Forsell University/Department/Year: Linnaeus University/School of Language and Literature/2014 The main focus of this paper has been to find out which difficulties the translator comes across when trying to find cultural references that will apply in the target text. Since the original text treats a cultural aspect concerning the French gastronomic meal, the aim has also been to find out whether a deeply human trait, such as eating a meal in the company of others, produces translation problems despite a fairly common ground between French and Swedish culture. The source text used in this study is Convention pour la Sauvegarde du Patrimoine culturel immatériel, Dossier de Candidature n◦00437, which was published in 2010 and translated into Swedish in 2014. The main translation strategies used are adaptation, equivalence, addition and omission. Keywords: Cultural adaptation, translation strategies, reference, metonymy.

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Steward, Jill. "The development of tourist culture and the formation of social and cultural identities 1800-1914, with particular reference to Central Europe." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3031/.

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The essays presented here for submission for the degree of PhD by publication were published between 1998 and 2006 and (with one exception) consist of sole-authored studies in cultural history focused on the development of tourist culture in the period 1800-1914. Cultural history as a field of academic study is a rich area for interdisciplinary research and these case studies draw on a wide range of disciplines — anthropology, cultural geography, the history of medicine, visual culture, media and literature for theoretical and methodological support. Together, they constitute a coherent examination of the material and cultural factors influencing the development and expansion of tourist culture across the European continent and an exploration of its role in the formation of the social and cultural identities of people and places in the period 1800-1914, in different contexts and from different perspectives. The essays fall into two main groups. The first focuses on material and cultural factors influencing the growth of tourism in central Europe: its relationship to the development of urban culture and nationalism in the region and to the discourses and practices relating to health and leisure that supported the spa trade. A particular concern is the contribution of a developing tourist culture to the formation of cultural identities within the Habsburg Monarchy in an era of growing nationalism. For the state, tourism represented an opportunity to counteract its growing weakness by capitalising on the imperial image (a key element in touristic images of Vienna), to bolster the image of the Monarchy abroad and attract valuable foreign currency. At the same time the growth of tourism contributed to that weakness by reinforcing perceptions of cultural distinctiveness in areas influenced by growing national and regional self-consciousness. The second group of essays focuses on the production of tourists and the creation of a market for different types of tourism through an examination of the discourses influencing tourist motivations and behaviours, the experience and performance of place and the broader question of how and why tourists were attracted to particular places. A theme running through both sets of essays is that of the way that the spread of tourist culture, geographically and socially, contributed to the formation of cultural identities as particular social groups incorporated tourist practices into their lifestyles, and the places they visited acquired distinctive tourist images. Key factors in this process were the media and cultural industries responsible for the production and dissemination of travel-related forms of literature and visual culture. These industries helped to shape tourism as an economic and social institution by influencing the way in which particular places were produced for tourists and the manner in which they were perceived, experienced and performed as, for example, in case of the relationship between the British and different parts of continental Europe.

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Real, Avendaño Rodrigo del. "Clubes de fútbol profesional masivos: los nuevos referentes de identidad cultural." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106399.

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Ante todos estos sucesos propios de la globalización de nuestros días cabe preguntarse ¿Por qué en medio de un creciente individualismo y quiebre de las formas tradicionales de asociatividad que acompañan la transformación liberal de la sociedad, el fútbol se constituye en un instrumento central en la construcción social de identidades culturales? Eso es lo que se tratará de dilucidar en la siguiente investigación.

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Del, Real Avendaño Rodrigo. "Clubes de fútbol profesional masivos: los nuevos referentes de identidad cultural." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113392.

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Sociólogo La globalización es un fenómeno de nuestros días; significa esencialmente que, hoy más que nunca, los grupos y las personas se relacionan directamente a través de las fronteras sin la intervención del Estado. Esto ocurre, en parte, gracias a la nueva tecnología y también porque los estados se han dado cuenta de que la prosperidad se logra más fácilmente si se libera la energía creativa de los ciudadanos en lugar de reprimirla. Algunos afirman que la globalización es sinónimo de apertura comercial o libre flujo de bienes, servicios y tecnología. Con la expansión de Internet, parece que la globalización se ha insertado en nuestro país sin mayores dificultades. Con la irrupción del fin de las ideologías, el apogeo del liberalismo y el discurso de la postmodernidad, el fenómeno de la globalización se ha extendido a todos los confines del planeta, con lo cual poco a poco nos acercamos a la idea de “aldea global”, concepto expresado por el canadiense Marshall Mac Luhan en 1989. Este fenómeno, íntimamente ligado a la llamada “modernización”, ha traído consigo un gran intercambio que trasciende el ámbito meramente económico, y que se instala más bien a un nivel cultural, entendiéndose esto a todo nivel, ya sea en pautas de consumo, en el plano de las artes como el cine, la música o la literatura (planos a los cuales hoy en día se tiene un acceso mucho más expedito). Incluso en temas como los espectáculos deportivos, ya que no es casualidad que es estos momentos nos interese tanto lo que ocurre con competencias europeas o latinoamericanas. Sin embargo, y siempre pensando en lo que es intercambio de pautas culturales, hay que plantearse hasta que punto no asistimos a una suerte de imposición de las mismas en ciertas zonas específicas, ya sea por una debilidad de los medios de comunicación locales, sobre todo en América Latina, o bien por los intereses económicos ya citados, referidos a una ampliación de mercados, frente a lo cual nuestra región no está en condiciones de competir en igualdad de condiciones (según la misma lógica mercantil). En el caso de que dicha imposición sea efectiva, es lógico plantearse hasta que punto los patrones culturales “importados” pasan a reemplazar a los patrones que históricamente han definido lo que se llama identidad nacional, o que le han entregado cierto sentido de pertenencia a ciertos grupos de personas a la idea de nación, específicamente en Chile. Al ser reemplazados estos elementos es posible que los sujetos lleguen a sentirse desintegrados de una sociedad determinada, la cual ya no estaría regida por las mismas pautas de siempre, sino que por unas nuevas. Por otro lado, una de las características de la globalización es que ha permitido la posibilidad directa de participación de grupos e individuos en el intercambio de todo lo que es intercambiable. No sólo se recibe, también se entrega nuestras ideas, mercaderías y una imagen de país. A los chilenos nos gusta que nuestros productos sean alabados y bien cotizados; nos agrada que nuestro país sea bien catalogado por sus bellezas naturales y por la calidez con que tratamos a los turistas y se reconozca la calidad de grupos o personas chilenas en el campo del arte, la cultura, los deportes, etc. Estamos orgullosos de nuestro Pablo Neruda y Gabriela Mistral, de nuestro Zamorano, Salas y Ríos, o de la acción que llevan a cabo empresarios chilenos en la actividad económica internacional. Pero no nos agrada que se nos considere como el "Roto Chileno" en un sentido peyorativo, que se hable internacionalmente de la prepotencia y actitud de nuevos ricos de nuestros empresarios, del mal carácter, falta de educación o de manejo comunicacional del mismo Marcelo Ríos. Esto conduce necesariamente al hecho que en el país hay un deseo de que en todas estas actividades quede representada una imagen de lo que creemos debe reflejar Chile a nivel internacional. La necesidad del hombre de sentir que pertenece a algo hace que la identidad nacional y sus símbolos, en los cuales nos reconocemos como sujetos y como pueblo, continúan siendo los elementos fundamentales con respecto a la sociedad mayor a la que pertenece o quiere pertenecer. Estos fenómenos afectan, además de la Identidad Nacional de los pueblos, a los procesos de construcción de identidad cultural en todo sentido, reemplazando patrones histórica y tradicionalmente compartidos por otros impuestos a través de los medios de comunicación. Esto genera evidentemente un sentimiento de desamparo y desarraigo cultural, ya las personas no están seguras quienes son, con quienes comparten sus vidas y quienes se le parecen. Pero los sujetos no están dispuestos a vivir cotidianamente sin sus convicciones claras ni con la incertidumbre de su identidad. Por lo tanto no es extraño que nuevas formas de asociatividad y de pertenencia, algunas tal vez impensadas, se impongan en nuestras sociedades actuales. Sobre todo en los jóvenes se aprecian múltiples grupos ligados por la vestimenta, la música que escuchan, el barrio o incluso la admiración por personalidades públicas, las cuales se constituyen como referentes. Sin embargo no todos reaccionan en el sentido de construir pequeñas identidades desagregadas, sino que también un numeroso grupo busca referentes de construcción de identidad más amplios, aunque ya no en el sentido universalista de la política o de las actividades religiosas. En este plano surge el fútbol y principalmente la identificación con determinados clubes como un factor clave de pertenencia y de búsqueda de identidad, reemplazando entre otros al sentido de Identidad Nacional. Este carácter del fútbol no es nuevo, y ya ha sido explotado con grandes beneficios a nivel político, en especial por parte de algunos gobiernos totalitarios. Tenemos como ejemplo a Mussolini, quien aprovechó la victoria de Italia en el Mundial de 1934 para publicitar el fascismo; e incluso luego en 1938 la victoria en Francia sería el éxito atribuido a la excelencia atlética y espiritual de la juventud fascista en la propia capital del país donde ideales y métodos son antifascistas. También en América Latina el fútbol fue usado por la propaganda de las dictaduras militares en Brasil y Argentina, especialmente en ocasión de las respectivas obtenciones de la Copa del Mundo en 1970 y 1978, además del uso del Estadio Nacional de Santiago en 1973 y de la exaltación del sentimiento de patriotismo chileno utilizado por el gobierno de Pinochet durante el mundial de 1982, lo que deja la impresión que los militares comandaban el fútbol (lo que no es del todo infundado). Se nota en la actualidad un creciente interés por el estudio del fenómeno deportivo. Este cambio de opinión se debe en parte a la percepción de que los deportes ocupan un espacio importante en las sociedades modernas, aún bajo el punto de vista del mercado, teniendo gran visibilidad en los medios. La conversión del hecho social deportivo en objeto analítico se origina también en el mayor interés concedido a temas como la producción y la circulación de bienes simbólicos en el mundo globalizado, la construcción y la manifestación de identidades sociales, la recepción mediática y lo cotidiano como un todo. Ante todos estos sucesos propios de la globalización de nuestros días cabe preguntarse ¿Por qué en medio de un creciente individualismo y quiebre de las formas tradicionales de asociatividad que acompañan la transformación liberal de la sociedad, el fútbol se constituye en un instrumento central en la construcción social de identidades culturales? Eso es lo que se tratará de dilucidar en la siguiente investigación.

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Mashamba, Mabula. "Translation and cultural adaptation with specific reference to Tshivenda and English." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2319.

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Thesis (M.A.(African language))--University of Limpopo, 2011 The aim of this study was to investigate the problems encountered by translators when translating medical terms from English into Tshivenda. It has been revealed in this study that the major problem that the translators are confronted with is lack of terminology in the specialized field such as Health. This problem is caused by the fact that different languages entail a variety of culture. The study revealed that most translators and lexicographers resort to transliteration and borrowing when confronted with zero-equivalence. They regard transliteration and borrowing as the quickest possible strategies. The study discovered that transliteration should not be opted as an alternative strategy to deal with zero-equivalence as users will be led to a state of confusion. The study revealed that communicative translation is regarded as the most fruitful method of translation as it conveys the exact message of the original in a best possible manner. Both the source and the target users get the same message.

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Gossieaux, Caroline. "Enseigner la culture littéraire en FLE : mieux comprendre et interpréter le monde vu par les natifs en décryptant les références littéraires dans la presse." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5125.

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Cette recherche se situe dans le domaine de la didactique des langues et a trait à l'exploitation pédagogique de la littérature en tant que composante de la culture cible. Elle s'appuie sur une expérience menée en classe de français langue étrangère auprès d'étudiants étrangers non spécialistes de littérature et évoluant en milieu universitaire français, qui consistait à mettre en place des activités et projets autour des références littéraires présentes dans les titres et textes journalistiques français. L'hypothèse est que ces activités de décryptage de références culturelles, qui correspondent à une valeur d'usage social de la littérature à la mesure de ces apprenants en FLE, favorisent leur apprentissage du français dans le développement de la composante interprétative de leurs compétences culturelles. Une première expérimentation portant sur l'acquisition de connaissances littéraires tient compte de l'orientation actuelle de la didactique des langues vers des mises en oeuvre de type actionnel ; le suivi des étapes principales de réalisation de ces projets culturels autour d'auteurs français (Proust, Molière) en fait apparaître les deux tâches les plus caractéristiques : recherche documentaire et observation/analyse de documents. Une deuxième expérimentation portant sur l'utilisation de connaissances littéraires acquises considère le lien chez les natifs entre références communes et argumentation contenues dans trois articles de presse ; les observations permettent de mesurer l'impact de la culture littéraire en constitution chez des apprenants en français langue étrangère sur leur capacité à exercer une compétence interprétative. L'analyse des productions orales et écrites de ces apprenants permet de mettre en évidence certains éléments du rapport références littéraires/interprétation/acquisition du FLE qui peuvent servir à l'élaboration de situations autres que celles de l'enseignement de ou avec la littérature. En effet, toute mesure gardée sur sa portée et ses limites, cette étude peut intéresser tout enseignant de FLE désireux de développer chez ses apprenants l'acquisition d'un pan de culture cultivée (histoire, arts,...) à travers les usages et représentations de celle-ci chez les natifs The research presented in this doctoral thesis is situated in the field of language didactics and deals with the pedagogical exploitation of literature as a component of the target culture. The research presented is based on in-class experiments carried out with foreign students learning French as a foreign language during a stay in France. The students in question were not specialists in literature, and the experiment consisted in a series of activities and projects that focused on literary references that were present in French journalistic sources (both within titles and the texts themselves). The hypothesis that guided this research is that the deciphering of cultural references that contain a value of social usage of literature corresponding to an accessible level for the learners of French as a foreign language facilitates the development of the interpretative component of their cultural competences. The first experiment respected the current task-based orientation of language didactics. Through monitoring the principal stages involved in the completion of these cultural projects, which were focused on French authors (Proust, Molière), two tasks were revealed as particularly characteristic: literature search and observation/analysis of documents. The second experiment examined the use of acquired literary knowledge. More specifically, this part of the research project analyzed, for native speakers of French, the connection between shared references and argumentation patterns found in three articles taken from the French press. The observations that resulted from this part of the research project made it possible to measure the impact of the learners' developing literary culture in French as a foreign language on their ability to use an interpretative competence. The analysis of oral and written productions from the learners who participated in this project reveals certain traces of the relationship between literary references/interpretation/acquisition of French, which can be used to create situations in teaching above and beyond the teaching of or with literature. Indeed, without overstating the importance of the current research and recognizing its limitations, the results may interest teachers of French as a foreign language who wish to help their students to develop the acquisition of a portion of Culture (history, arts, ...) based on natives' own use and representation

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Oh, Hyunchul Henry. "Preaching as interaction between church and culture with specific reference to the Korean church /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04082004-101905/.

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Chang, Bi-yu. "Cultural change and identity shift in relation to cultural policy in post war Taiwan, with particular reference to theatre." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7619/.

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The issue of identity has become increasingly important in the 21't century. Facing the dilemma of being tom between globalisation and indigenisation, our sense of identity is constantly changing and in turmoil. This dissertation engages with several questions: How does our sense of belonging come about? In what ways and to what extent can the state construct culture, regulate our behaviour, and formulate a sense of belonging through cultural policy? And, why cultural policy might fail? Because the politics of cultural policy has either been overlooked or considered only in general terms without thorough examination on a long-term basis, this thesis examinest he relationshipb etweenc ulturalp olicy and culturali dentityb y exploring the case of post-war Taiwan. The development and dramatic change of cultural identity in post-war Taiwan provides a good testing ground to examine the relationship between cultural policy and identity construction, especially during the volatile identity crisis in the 1990s. There are two parts in this dissertation. Part I focuses on textual research of a half-century of Taiwanese cultural policy, alongside the island's historical development; Part 11 records and analyses the fieldwork I carried out on Taiwanese theatre to substantiate the textual analysis in Part 1. This thesis deals with issues in two areas that no other research has explored before and tries to indicate the universal implications of the analysis of Taiwanese identity construction and cultural policy. Firstly, through the analysis of the politics of culture in Taiwan, this research demonstrates how a stable and deeply rooted China-centric identity was overturned within only two years. Furthermore, it highlights the politics of culture by displaying how an authoritarian regime was challenged, and how cultural hegemony could be won in order to grasp political power. Secondly, the case study provides evidence manifesting the changing nature of contemporary cultural policy, and its hidden politics. Under the name of 'supporting the arts', the state uses cultural policy to maintain its cultural hegemony. Although Taiwan has carried out a process of democratisation since the 1980s, the state has not loosened its control on culture, but has rather changed its strategy of how to control. A new alliance between regulation and market forces has formed, and becomes the nexus of modem cultural policy.

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Chan, Siu-wah, and 陳少華. "Explaining education success with special reference to Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31959994.

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Kirdar, Serra. "Education, gender and cross-cultural experience with reference to elite Arab women." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:db8d8e68-d8df-4cad-97d3-81fd3f4e939c.

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The core of the thesis investigates the role of education in the engendering of cultural change and leadership among a select group of a powerful 'first generation' of Arab women; specifically, the role of dual educational/cultural experiences, both Arab and Western. The broader aim of the study is to analyze the merging of cultural traditionalism and modernity and how dual education has enhanced the ability of women, especially Arab women, to become leaders in their professional careers, and within their respective communities, whilst still maintaining strong ties to their culture, religion and traditions, albeit to varying degrees. The writer has chosen to investigate the association between cultural identity and educational experience of elite educated Arab women, through a small sample, who have had exposure to both Western and Arab educational systems at different points in their lives. The researcher's heritage has led to a fundamental ideological interest in the coexistence of traditionalism and modernisation and whether the two can complement one another. There are now a significant number of Arab women who have had the privilege of education and exposure to the two types of systems. Yet, gender constraints and predefined gender roles still very much dictate the socio-cultural contexts in which such women have to operate. The patriarchal 'system' is omnipresent in the West as well as in the Arab world. The challenges the writer has faced even as a 'Western' Arab to reconcile tradition and intellectual and educational exposure has served as a greater impetus for this investigation. The investigation and the intent of this thesis as described above, is to test the preliminary hypothesis that, in the context of elite Arab women, their exposure to both West and Arab educational cultures is germane to their potential for influencing female professional development. How their educational experiences have influenced their own identities and their ability to adhere to the gender roles prescribed is of significant interest. What influence has such education had on these women's prospects for instituting and pioneering change in their respective societies and professions? Is the synergy of certain aspects of modernity and tradition possible? The general conclusion is that it is.

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Chan, Siu-wah. "Explaining education success with special reference to Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20264276.

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Marqueze, Giovana Martins de Castro. "Proposta de um vocabulário bilíngue de festas populares brasileiras baseada em um estudo de corpus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-14022019-105827/.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um vocabulário bilíngue na direção português/inglês sobre festas populares brasileiras, tendo como público-alvo profissionais que lidam com guias turísticos em inglês sobre o Brasil, sejam eles traduções ou produções nesse idioma. A pesquisa tem a Linguística de Corpus como aporte metodológico e faz uso de um corpus paralelo composto por textos turísticos sobre o Brasil escritos originalmente em português e suas respectivas traduções para o inglês; e de um corpus comparável composto por um subcorpus com textos turísticos sobre o Brasil escritos originalmente em português, e outro subcorpus contendo textos turísticos escritos orginalmente em inglês. Com o corpus paralelo objetivamos identificar os desafios encontrados pelos tradutores ao depararem com os referentes culturais relativos a festas populares brasileiras para que pudéssemos pensar uma obra terminográfica que vá ao encontro de suas necessidades. A análise desse corpus está pautada na Teoria Funcionalista da Tradução e as soluções encontradas pelos tradutores foram descritas segundo a lista de estratégias de tradução para referentes culturais de Marco (2002). Com relação ao corpus comparável, este nos ajudou nas escolhas lexicais para a redação das definições das entradas na obra além de nos ter auxiliado a determinar quais informações os verbetes deveriam conter. O vocabulário proposto tem como base a Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia de Maria Teresa Cabré (1999). The aim of this research is to propose a bilingual vocabulary (Portuguese/English) of Brazilian festivities, which has as its target audience professionals who produce tourist texts in English about Brazil, being them translations or texts written originally in this language. The research has Corpus Linguistics as its methodology and uses a parallel corpus composed of tourist texts about Brazil written originally in Portuguese and their translations into English; and a comparable corpus composed of a subcorpus with tourist texts about Brazil written originally in Portuguese and by a subcorpus with tourist texts written originally in English. With the parallel corpus, we identified the challenges encountered by translators when coming across cultural words related to Brazilian festivities in order to propose a reference work that can meet their needs. The analysis of this corpus draws on the functionalist view of translation and the solutions found by the translators were described according to a list of strategies for the translation of cultural words developed by Marco (2002). As regards the comparable corpus, it helped us with the lexical choices for the definitions of each entry. It also revealed the information each entry should contain. The proposed vocabulary is based on Maria Teresa Cabrés Communicative Theory of Terminology (1999).

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Currás, Móstoles María Rosa. "Traducción de elementos culturales en A man for all seasons, de Robert Bolt." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/8315.

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Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio del tratamiento de los referentes culturales en A Man for All Seasons, de Robert Bolt. Partiendo del hecho de que los textos literarios son productos de la cultura que los alojan, una obra literaria manifiesta su adscripción a dicha cultura por medio de ciertos elementos conocidos como referentes culturales. La importancia de los elementos culturales en traducción viene reforzada por la consideración de que los estudios de traducción actualmente conciben la traducción como una operación en la que se ven implicadas dos realidades culturales, la cultura origen y la cultura meta. Por otra parte, la literatura sobre la traducción teatral destaca la carencia de estudios sobre la traducción dramática además de la complejidad que supone el trasvase de una obra teatral por diversos motivos. En primer lugar, la dependencia de una obra teatral del contexto cultural origen es mayor porque el teatro constituye una manifestación artística directa de una sociedad; y en segundo lugar por la dualidad de canales que intervienen: el lingüístico y el semiótico, que se manifiestan en una obra por medio del texto y el paratexto, ambos con una relación de interdependencia. Los estudios de traducción en la actualidad destacan la importancia del estudio empírico basado en análisis de textos reales. A Man for All Seasons, de Robert Bolt, constituye una obra de teatro problemática en cuanto a su traducción debido a diversas causas. Se trata de un texto ampliamente contextualizado en el que se narran ciertos hechos históricos pertenecientes a la historia de Inglaterra, y que condujeron a la creación de la Iglesia Anglicana, y con los que el lector medio de la cultura origen se encuentra más familiarizado. Por otra parte, la dramática de Robert Bolt posee unos rasgos peculiares que se manifiestan en el texto, como el uso del lenguaje, la simbología y la utilización deliberada de las fuentes documentales históricas para la elaboración de los hechos. Currás Móstoles, MR. (2009). Traducción de elementos culturales en A man for all seasons, de Robert Bolt [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8315 Palancia

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Bruwer, Helena Dorothea. "The Canadian education system with special reference to cultural differentiation / Helena Dorothea Bruwer." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8754.

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1. PROBLEEMSTELLING: Die navorsingsprobleem is om vas te stel of die Kanadese onderwysstelsel deur die verskillende kulture van die Kanadese bevolking beïnvloed is. Of anders gestel, bestaan daar die geleentheid tot kultuurdifferensiasie in die Kanadese onderwysstelsel. Uit hierdie probleemstelling word die volgende probleemvrae afgelei, naamlik: * Word die onderwysstelsel van 'n bepaalde bevolkingsgroep deur die kul tuur van daardie groep bepaal? * Het die kultuurverskille in die Kanadese bevolking in die verlede 'n invloed op die onderwysvoorsiening gehad? * Word die onderwysstelselstruktuur in Kanada bepaal deur kultuurverskille? * Word spesifieke maatreëls getref om kultuurdifferensiasie te verwerklik? 2. NAVORSINGSDOELSTELLING Voortvloeiend uit die navorsingsprobleem lei die navorsingsdoelstelling om vas te stel of: * die onderwysstelsel se aard kultuur-bepaald is; * die kultuurverskille in die Kanadese bevolking in die verlede 'n invloed op die onderwysvoorsiening gehad het; * die onderwysstelselstruktuur kultuurverskille bepaal word; en * of daar spesifieke maatreëls in Kanada deur getref word om kultuurdifferensiasie in die onderwys moontlik te maak. 3. NAVORSINGSMETODES 'n Literatuurstudie is gevoer deur boeke, tydskrifte en koerante te raadpleeg wat betrekking op die studieveld mag hê. Onderhoude is gevoer met gesaghebbendes op hul gebied in die onderwys om 'n wyer siening te bekom oor die Kanadese onderwys-gemoeidheid. 4. STRUKTUUR VAN DIE VERSLAG In die opvolgende vyf hoofstukke is gepoog om die navorsingsdoelstellings te staaf. HOOFSTUK 2 'n Teoretiese begronding van die verband tussen die onderwysstelsel en kultuur word bespreek. Aan die hand van deeglike ondersoek is daar gevind dat kultuur geen definisie het nie, maar alle aspekte van die mens se lewenswyses insluit soos: tradisie, geskiedenis, ekonomie, politiek, handel, boukuns, landbou, kuns, etiek, taal, gewoontes en gebruike. Omdat die kultuurbegrip so omvattend is, kan gesê word kultuur deursuur die mens, sy gewoontes, sy gebruike, sy taal, sy materiële vooruitgang en sy omgewing. In die allesomvattende begrip kultuur, word die opvoeding of onderwys ook ingesluit. Derhalwe sal die onderwys van 'n groep noodwendig deur daardie groep beoefen word binne die kul tuurgrense wat die groep as belangrik beskou. So word daar dan van 'n Engelse, Franse of Amerikaanse kultuur gepraat, en of onderwys. Terwyl die onderwys dan verbonde is aan die kultuur van die groep, sal die onderwys bedryf word binne 'n onderwysstelsel. Die onderwysstelsel is die georganiseerde struktuur verband waarbinne onderwys bedryf word, en word bepaal deur die kultuur van die bevolkingsgroep. HOOFSTUK 3 EN 4 Kanada is bespreek aan die hand van natuurlike en kulturele faktore. Aangesien die land so uitgestrek is, 4,000 myl van oos na wes, met 'n klimaat van uiterste, lang koue winters en kort warm somers, het die twee faktore bygedra tot die kommunikasie-probleme wat weer aanleiding gegee het tot plaaslike ontwikkeling en lojaliteite. Gevolglik berus Kanada se politieke bestel op 'n versameling van provinsies binne 'n federale regering. Die onderwys-geskiedenis is aangetoon in die lig van kulturele verskille wat betrekking het, eerstens, op die Franse en Engelse en later, op die ander groepe. Die Franse nedersetting het in die oostelike deel van die land begin. Na die Engelse oorname van die Franse gebied het konflikte ontstaan as gevolg van die Franse se weiering om Engel se gebruike aan te neem, vernaamste was. Volgens die waarvan die onderwys die Franse gebruik was die Katolieke kerk verantwoordelik vir die onderwys, en die Katolieke kerklikes wou geen Engelse staatsinmenging duld nie. Om enigsins vreedsaam te verenig is daar volgens wetgewing bepaal dat onderwys die verantwoordelikheid van die provinsie bly. Daarvolgens is onderwysvoorsiening 'n plaaslike aangeleentheid en val dit nie onder die federale regering se jurisdiksie nie. 'n Spesiale bepaling maak vir kultuurverskille voorsiening, naamlik 'n aparte skoolraad, sodat die Protestante in Quebec en die Katolieke in die ander provinsies die reg behou om aparte skole te hê, en geregtig is op staatshulp. Kanada is geleidelik bevolk deur immigrante van Europa. In Engelse Kanada of Kanada-Wes 1 het die Engelse invloed die onderwysbeplanning gerugsteun. Ryerson, as superintendent van onderwys, het die riglyne vir die onderwysstelsel aangetoon in 1846 tot 1876. Soos die land weswaarts bevolk is, het die onderwysstelsel uitgebrei. Die ontwikkelende provinsies het nie die patroon slaafs nagevolg nie 1 maar dit aangepas om by die plaaslike gemeenskappe se behoeftes en verskille aan te pas. So, het Britse Kolombië ‘n nie-sektariese onderwysstelsel, terwyl Newfoundland se stelsel verbonde is aan vyf denominale stelsels. In 1876 het Kanada 'n federasie geword met vier provinsies, die ander provinsies het op later datums lede geword. By elke byvoeging is die onderwysvoorsiening wetgewing bekragtig. In hierdie twee hoofstukke word dan aangetoon dat die geografiese kenmerke van distansie en klimaat die kommunikasie tussen die mense beïnvloed het 1 sodat daar 'n alles-oorheersende plaaslike lojaliteit ontstaan het. Die historiese patroon van nedersetting 1 oos en wes met die Franse en Engelse, het die plaaslike groepslojaliteit verder aangehelp. Die gevolg was dat daar 'n gefragmenteerde pluralistiese federasie van mense ontstaan het, met onderwysvoorsiening 'n plaaslike aangeleentheid. Die Franse en Engelse bevolkings het etnies religieus, kultureel en linguisties te veel verskil om eenvormig te wees. Die tweede navorsingsdoel is hierby verklaar, naamlik dat die kultuurverskille van die Kanadese bevolking in die verlede 'n invloed op die onderwysvoorsiening gehad het. HOOFSTUK 5 In hoofstuk vyf het die klem geval op die rol wat die federale en provinsiale regerings speel in onderwysvoorsiening. Alhoewel die federale regering aangewys is op onderwysvoorsiening vir spesiale groepe, soos die Indiane, Eskimo's, Weermag en Gevangenes, het die federale regering geen direkte inspraak op die onderwys van die provinsies nie. Daar is tans 'n debat om die federale regering se rol te probeer verklaar, aangesien die federale regering die onderwys indirek beïnvloed deur finansiële bydraes te maak. Daar word andersins streng gewaak teen direkte federale inspraak op die onderwys van die provinsies. Die onderwys is derhalwe gedesentraliseerd tot op plaaslike vlak. In die provinsiale struktuur val onderwysbeheer en -beleid onder die gesag van die departement van onderwys met 'n minister aan die hoof van die departement. Hy/sy is 'n politieke aanstelling terwyl die adjunk-minister 'n staatsdienaar is. Onder die leiding en gesag van die persone resorteer die administrasie, finansiële begroting, onderwysuitvoering, onderwysdienste en onderwysinrigtings. Verder het die plaaslike skoolrade gedelegeerde gesag sodat skoolstelsels op provinsiale vlak verskil. Omdat die onderwysstelsel so ui teenlopend is, kon net 'n veralgemening gebruik word ten einde te benadruk dat die onderwysstelselstruktuur kultuur bepaald is. die derde navorsingsdoelstelling uiteengesit. HOOFSTUK 6 Vervolgens is Binne die hoofstuk word aangedui hoe die beleid van multikulturalisme waarop die federale regering in 1970 besluit het, binne die tweetaligheidbeginsel toegepas moet word. Die dominante Engelse groep het die onderwys van al die provinsies beheer behalwe Quebec. Ten einde geassimileer te word moes die immigrante hul by die Engelse beleid van onderwys aanpas. Gedurende die sestigerjare het Quebec 'n etniese oplewing ondervind toe die Franse bevolking hul rol in die ekonomiese samelewing bevraagteken het. Deurgrondige ondersoek is ingestel en na aanleiding van die verslae het die ander etniese groepe in Kanada aangetoon dat hulle erkenning wil hê. Daar is wetgewing ingedien en Kanada volg nou die beginsel van multikulturalisme binne 'n tweetaligheidsraamwerk. Uiteenlopende denkrigtings/opinies word gehuldig oor die uitvoerinq van multikulturalisme binne skool verband. Daar die beleid berus op die vertolking van elke provinsie of skoolraad binne sy kulturele verband of belang, kon net 'n paar voorbeelde genoem word. Daar is egter opgelet dat spesifieke maatreëls getref word om kul tuurdifferensiasie in die onderwys moontlik te maak, wat die vierde navorsingsdoelstelling duidelik maak. Die slotopsomming van die navorsingstudie met sekere bevindings word in die hoofstuk verhaal.. Dit is gevind dat die studieveld baie meer behels as wat aanvanklik bereken is, met die gevolg dat die veelomvattendheid van die studie nie genoeg ruimte oorlaat vir 'n in diepte verslag nie. Die moontlikheid bestaan dus dat 'n opvolg studie die area kan bereik wat nie gedek is nie, te wete die onderwysvooriening van die inboorlinge, Indiane en Eskimo's. Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1987

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50

Stone, Claire. "The cultural significance of interpersonal violence, with special reference to seventeenth-century Worcestershire." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36427/.

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The historiography of early modern violence has generally focused upon the quantification of homicide over the longue durée. However, such approaches, predicated on the assumption that violence is a transhistorical phenomenon, conceal the differences between past and present discourses. This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by showing the significance violence held for contemporaries. This is achieved by locating violence within a wide cultural framework. Employing a largely qualitative methodology, the thesis elucidates the relationship seventeenth-century religious, political and physiological thought had with conceptions of violence. Drawing together existing work and utilizing a variety of primary sources, the thesis demonstrates the diverse meanings invested in violence, including the significance attributed to weapons and the parts of the body targeted. Historical research into violence has sometimes been theoretically uninformed. The thesis redresses this by engaging closely with definitions of the concept 'violence', including those developed in other disciplines. It examines and rejects the (often implicit) claim that violence is intrinsically irrational. It asserts that, as a type of emotional performance, violence served an important communicative ftmction. Force was also used to meet specific material objectives. The thesis argues that seventeenth-century violence was part of a process and, accordingly, situates it in relation to preceding and succeeding events. It assesses the use of force in defining economic and social status within interpersonal relationships. The thesis explains the role played by those who intervened to stop fights. It shows how violence advertised problems in relationships and prompted peace-making efforts. The thesis contends that views of its harmfulness relative to other sanctions have changed substantially, making it anachronistic for historians to regard violence as necessarily deplorable and to interpret declining levels as an index of civilisation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cultural References'

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