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Journal articles on the topic 'Cultural specific concepts'
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1
Lagopoulos, Alexandros Ph. "The cultural transformation of the proprioceptive senses." Semiotica 2019, no. 231 (November 26, 2019): 193–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0041.
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Abstract The research question of the present paper is what relation exists between biology and cultural semiosis and I examine as a token of this question the relation between the physiological senses of proprioception and the cultural concepts corresponding to them. While the origins of semiosis are biological, the origin of proprioceptive concepts is debated. Against the biological view that the proprioceptive senses define directly the concepts corresponding to them, there is an opposite view supporting that these concepts are culture-specific. The concept of “classification system” is counter-proposed as the structural framework for the study of proprioceptive concepts. The paper discusses the senses and concepts of proprioception on the basis of a large corpus of anthropological and archaeological material concerning the semiotic systems of precapitalist societies and with the help of a set of metalinguistic spatial concepts. These metalinguistic concepts are up vs. down, front vs. rear, and right vs. left. The senses corresponding to them lead to the senses and concepts of spatial orientation and presuppose a point of reference, closely related to the sense of equilibrium. My conclusion is that the cultural concepts corresponding to these senses are not directly extrapolated from the senses themselves, but are culture-specific and each time integrated within a different cultural and social environment.
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Room, Robin. "The Cultural Framing of Addiction." Janus Head 6, no. 2 (2003): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh2003628.
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The concept of addiction is historically and culturally specific, becoming a common way of understanding experience first in early nineteenth-century America, This paper considers the relation to the concept of elements in current professional definitions of addiction (as dependence). Addiction concepts have become a commonplace in storytelling, offering a secular equivalent for possession as an explanation of how a good person can behave badly, and as an inner demon over which a hero can triumph.
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Almubark, Amin Ali, Dr AmerrudinAbd Manan, and KhairiObaidTayyeh Al-Zubaid. "The Hindrances in Translating Specific Cultural Concepts from Arabic into English." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 3 (2014): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1932166173.
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Bezkorovaynaya, G. T. "«The Comprehension of Cultural Context for Explanation of Nationally Specific Concepts»." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philoligy 11 (2016): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2016-0-11-184-188.
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Dotcenko, Dmitry Vasilevich. "USE OF SPECIFIC TYPES OF CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS TO STUDY ‘OLD’ CULTURAL CONCEPTS." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2019-1-14-25.
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Tumbahang, Mohan Kumar. "Cultural Specific Language in Kirat Yaakthung Mundhum." Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dristikon.v9i1.31157.
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This article attempts to discuss the various forms of the Kiraat Yaakthung Mundhum language employed in the various ritualistic performances. It has applied the qualitative research design in which the study attempts to gather non-numerical data explicitly referring to the meanings, concepts, definitions, or characteristics. Written documents related to the Kirat Yaakthung Mundhum are not adequate for having the ideas about the linguistic variations because the Mundhum is mostly based on oral tradition of recitation. The Limbu priests locally known as 'Saambaas' recite the diverse forms of the Mundhum depending on types of rituals they are performing. Basing on the available voice records, empirical knowledge, and written Mundhum documents, the paper has been prepared. After the analysis, the study has revealed that the elements of ethnographies of communication play a crucial role to bring about the distinctiveness in the level and meaning of the Mundhum utterances. This study may be helpful for those who are interested in the structure of the ritual language.
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Mannheim, Bruce. "The social (and cultural, and syntactic, and semantic) life of generics." Language in Society 50, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404521000336.
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ABSTRACTRecent work in linguistics, philosophy, and psychology suggests that the distinction between generic and specific (singular) reference is foundational to concept formation, and hence of special interest to social scientists. Generics provide the first-language learner with external evidence of the integrity of a word/concept cluster, partially filling in the scaffolding of concepts. As such, they are replicators, critical to the transmission of concepts across populations and across time. Generics are tacitly normative. As they refer to the constitutive properties of a concept rather than to its object, they tell us what—in a given social setting—a proper instance of the concept should look like. Generics sustain and reproduce social stereotypes, including—and perhaps especially—ethnoracial, class, and gender stereotypes. (Generics, conceptual formation, ethnography, tokenization, materiality)*
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Pyysiäinen, Ilkka. "No evidence of a specific adaptation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 5 (October 2006): 483–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06459100.
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Bering's findings about the mental representation of dead agents are important, although his opposition between “endemic” and “cultural” concepts is misleading. Endemic and cultural are overlapping, not exclusive categories. It is also diffcult to see why reasoning about the dead would require a specific cognitive mechanism. Bering presents no clear evidence for the claim that the postulated mechanism is an adaptation.
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Taves, Ann. "Reverse Engineering Complex Cultural Concepts: Identifying Building Blocks of “Religion”." Journal of Cognition and Culture 15, no. 1-2 (March 17, 2015): 191–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342146.
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Researchers have not yet done an adequate job of reverse engineering the complex cultural concepts of religion and spirituality in a way that allows scientists to operationalize component parts and historians of religion to consider how the component parts have been synthesized into larger socio-cultural wholes. Doing so involves two steps: (1) distinguishing between (a) the generic elements that structure definitions and (b) the specific features used to characterize the generic elements as “religious” or “sacred” and (2) disaggregating these specific features into more basic cognitive processes that scientists can operationalize and that historians can analyze in situ. Three more basic processes that interact on multiple levels are proposed: perceiving salience, assessing significance, and imagining hypothetical, counterfactual content.
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Feng, Mei. "Towards a cultural model of qi in TCM." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 19, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00074.fen.
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Abstract This paper aims to construct a cultural model of qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by probing into its conceptual metaphors based on a contextualized semantic analysis of qi in Huang Di’s Inner Classic (HDIC). It is found that there are eight conceptual metaphors of qi, each involving experiential correlation between source and target concept. To be specific, cause for effect builds up a major metonymic basis for the metaphorical mappings from the source concept of qi (i.e., substance) to the target concepts, including physiological function, breathing, climate, pathogenic factor, disease/syndrome, odor, property of drugs and time. It is worth special noting that time is understood in terms of the motion of qi in TCM. The conceptual metaphor time is qi is Chinese culture-specific. On the whole, conceptual metaphors of qi form a conceptual network and further constitute a cultural model: qi as the substance origin of human life is believed in TCM to function by ceaseless motion, giving rise to wellness or illness. This cultural model reflects a pair of inseparable concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy, viz. substance and (its) function, with the former being primary, essential and original, while the latter, secondary, concomitant and derivational.
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Bezkorovaynaya, Galina. "Nationally Specific Concepts and Linguistic and Cultural Competence (Exemplified by English Language Teaching)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije 15, no. 2 (July 2016): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2016.2.16.
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Nunes, Terezinha. "Cognitive Invariants and Cultural Variation in Mathematical Concepts." International Journal of Behavioral Development 15, no. 4 (December 1992): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549201500401.
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Vygotsky and Luria suggested that the higher forms of conscious activity are accomplished with the support of culturally elaborated systems of signs. These systems of signs are viewed as symbolic tools, by analogy with technical tools, and like the latter shape human activity. The aim of this paper is to explore two alternative hypotheses about the nature of the effect of symbolic systems on psychological functions. The first hypothesis maintains that culturally elaborated systems of signs affect psychological functioning in a general way. It leads, for example, to the prediction of a "great divide" between literates and nonliterates. The second hypothesis holds that systems of signs have specific effects on the organisation of human activity when these systems are used to support skilled action but no generalised effect is predicted. This second hypothesis leads to the prediction of withinindividual differences as a function of the use of different symbolic systems, a prediction inconsistent with the first hypothesis. Some examples of research carried out to investigate these hypotheses are described in this paper. Empirical support for the second but not the first hypothesis is found in the research reviewed here.
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Mizin, Kostiantyn, and Liubov Letiucha. "The Linguo-Cultural Concept TORSCHLUSSPANIK as the Representative of Ethno-Specific Psycho-Emotional State of Germans." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 25, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-25-2-234-249.
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The given article studies linguo-specificity of the German linguo-cultural concept TORSCHLUSSPANIK that covers a wide semantic space of human psycho-emotional state, which is concentrated around the semantic center “midlife crisis”. The revelation of the semantic content of this concept is conducted by verifying the methodology which is a sequence of research procedures. The scientific reliability of this methodology is ensured by Corpus Linguistics data to empirically reinforce linguistic methods proper. Procedure steps of the given methodology are used to identify cross-language equivalents of the concepts names in the comparative linguo-cultural studies in general, because cross-language equivalence allows studying semantic equivalence within the corresponding conceptual world pictures (CWP) which makes it possible to reveal specific vs. unique senses of the compared concepts.
The conducted analysis proves that the reproduction of the fragment in the German CWP representing the concept TORSCHLUSSPANIK is possible in Ukrainian only with the help of actualizing sense equivalents of the given concept – FEAR, MIDDLE AGE, AGING, TIME, LIFE and DEATH. This way their symbolic and mythological meanings are specifically actualized. It was determined in the article, that ethno-specificity of the concept TORSCHLUSSPANIK arose due to the particular combination of meanings that represent a wide emotional palette of Germans, for whom psycho-emotional depressive state of “midlife crisis” is reinforced by the emotion of fear. In its turn, the latter is intensified by the emotion of disappointment at being late, not realising smth, failing to do smth etc. It is remarkable that disappointment is usually accompanied by anger, anxiety, guilt, hostility, malevolence, envy, jealousy and shame.
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Severina, Elena Mikhailovna. "Cultural concept in cognitive dimension." Человек и культура, no. 6 (June 2020): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2020.6.34161.
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This article reviews the methodological principles of studying cultural concepts in the context of cognitive approach, possibilities for conducting reconstruction of certain fragments of linguistic worldview based on the material of digital text corpora. Leaning on the cognitive approach towards concept as a unit of structured and unstructured knowledge that forms cognition of a separate individual and culture as a whole, results of conceptual research of the texts of philosophers who view culture as symbolic creativity of a person associated with freedom (concepts of I. Kant, E. Cassirer, N. A. Berdyaev), the authors conducted reconstruction of certain fragments of the linguistic worldview and ordinary consciousness, correlated with the concept of “culture” in digital text corpora in the Russian and Anglo-Saxon cultures. Examination of the contexts of usage of verbal representations of the concept of “culture” in the digital text corpora of Russian language and different varieties of English language demonstrates that the crucial ideological values of Anglo-Saxon linguistic worldview are the following representations: culture is of instrumental nature; civilization is considered as the path development of humanity; freedom is viewed as an intrinsic right to freedom that should be protected, i.e. initial and inherent to a human. In the Russian-language texts, culture implies the value-based attitude towards world, mostly associated with the national culture; civilization is viewed in the context of a value-based attitude towards world, but as the path of development of humanity as a whole; freedom has value-based individual, personalistic connotation, supposed to be full, absolute, which is often understood as the liberty of action and choice. It is underlines that utilization of corpus methods allows reconstructing the techniques of formation of worldview, choice of value priorities, mechanisms of perception of surrounding reality in a specific culture from contexts of practical usage of the verbal manifestations of cultural concepts.
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Wu, Xiong. "Application Research of Green Ecological Concept in Tea Packaging Design." Lifelong Education 9, no. 5 (August 2, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/le.v9i5.1229.
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Packaging design wants to form a unique style, not only requires beautiful external performance and design concepts, but also needs to reflect the unique value connotation, while being able to bring its own product characteristics to the extreme. The concept of green ecology is an important part of China's current sustainable development strategy. When tea packaging design work is carried out, the introduction of green concepts into the design not only reflects the design features of more cultural connotations, but also is specific to the concept of sustainable development. reflect. This article mainly discusses the specific ways to introduce green ecological concepts into tea packaging design work, hoping to provide some reference.
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Almubark, Amin Ali. "The Influencing Factors of Cultural Knowledge in Translating Cultural Specific Concepts from Arabic into the English at Jazan University in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 2 (January 4, 2017): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.2p.106.
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This study was set out to explore and evaluate the importance of having mastered the cultural knowledge throughout the process of depicting the culture-specific concepts involving two languages namely Arabic and English. In doing so, the participants sampled in this study were a group of final year Bachelor’s degree students majoring in Translation in ALAradha College at the Jazan University. The findings of the study method employed in this study statistically confirmed that the students of the Translation at AL AlAradh college- Saudi Arabia faced considerable difficulties throughout the process of translating cultural concepts owing to inadequate mastery of knowledge in relation to the culture involved. Among the measures which can be taken in addressing the issues in this context are training the learners by means of exposure to real cases involving culture-specific concepts which may help them deal with such difficulties in the translation process.Keywords: Culture, Translation, Influencing factors
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Prozhohina, I. M. "THE LINGUODIDACTIC METHODS OF FAMILIARIZING STUDENTS WITH FOREIGN CULTURAL CONCEPTS." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 66 (2) (2019): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.17.
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Modern philological education provides a deep introduction to the national culture as well as the national mentality of native speakers of a particular language. Linguistic conceptology is an academic discipline serving this purpose. There are some tutorials created by Taras Shevchenko National Uni- versity of Kyiv professors I.O. Holubovska, O.S. Snytko, N.V. Slukhay, and others, that are dedicated to this subject matter. However, the linguodidactic aspect of linguistic conceptology, especially for training foreigners, has not been investigated yet. This article deals with some of the linguodidactic methods concerning familiarizing foreign students with Russian cultural concepts. These methods are used by the author of this article in an academic course “The Russian Language and Cultural Con- cepts” which is a part of the educational program “The Russian Language and Literature” for foreign students of master’s degree in the Institute of Philology. A teacher’s intention is to provide foreign students with some information concerning national peculiarities of Russian linguocultural concepts. Familiarizing students with cultural concepts must include three pillars: an image, a conceptual component and a value dimension which is the most important one. The linguodidactic methods for this purpose are: visualization of information using heuristic approach; insight into metaphorical traits of a concept; use of idiomatic expressions etc.; use of synonyms; explanation of word etymology and ascertaining of derivational links; experimental data received through psycholinguistics methods; cognitive analysis of poets’ and writers’ sentences about a topic. Specific pieces of Russian cultural concepts (УЮТ, ДУША, ИНТЕЛЛИГЕНЦИЯ, НЕПРИКАЯННЫЙ, МАЯТЬСЯ and some others) are good examples of these methods usage. Choos- ing a method depends on concept peculiarities. It is proved that the heuristic method is the most effec- tive one, considering the necessity of development master’s general and special competences.
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Pazio-Wlazłowska, Dorota, Ivana Lazić-Konjik, and Stana Ristić. "What do we have in common; what makes us different? The stereotype of home/house in Polish, Serbian, and Russian." Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury 32 (December 20, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/et.2020.32.67.
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The artricle compares the concept of home/house in Polish, Serbian, and Russian. It is a continuation of research carried out by the authors within the EUROJOS project and the volume on home/house of the Axiological Lexicon of Slavs and their Neighbours. The analysis aims to identify the common conceptual base, as well as the culture-specific aspects that distinguish each of the languacultures under scrutiny. The relevant cultural concepts in the three languacultures share a common base image but are distinguished through their culture-specific characteristics. That base is universal: rather than being limited to the Slavic context, it can be found in other languages, sometimes very distant ones. In Polish, Serbian, and Russian, home is above all viewed as a non-material, social, and functional value, as a community of people that share it, one that provides the sense of security and unconditional acceptance. Common features are also found in the network of relationships triggered by each cultural concept in question, such as the notion of family. The culture-specific content, in turn, derives from different historical and cultural conditions: those contribute to the peculiarities of the Polish patriotic manor, the Serbian Kosovo, or the Russian communal apartments. These specific cultural concepts reflect changes in the culture, mentality, and worldview in each languaculture.
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Otreshko, Nataliia. "Own/Alien Concepts in Contemporary Philosophy and Cultural Studies." Culturology Ideas, no. 17 (1'2020) (2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37627/2311-9489-17-2020-1.65-74.
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The purpose of the article is to compare two approaches to analyzing the philosophical and cultural concepts of the Alien that are developing in modern science, to distinguish their specific features and to allow further synthesis. Methodology. System analysis will show the regularity and necessity of studying any encounter with the Other in social reality and must be correlated by the researcher with the configuration of power relations of competing discourses. Results. Drawing on a comparative approach, the author identifies that in both the concept of J. Lacan and the theory of subjection by J. Butler the Other / Alien is an integral part of the personality of the subject. This is a peculiar stage of its formation. Originality. For the first time, the study finds the idea of the subject as alien to oneself. The idea of forming a subject means the experience of communicating with oneself as someone else's (identity crisis), and one of the endpoints of such a process is accepting oneself in a new role, reconciling with oneself in the new capacity of the subject. Practical significance. The information contained in this work can be used for further research and development of methodological material for new courses of lectures and seminars on cultural philosophy and methodology for studying contemporary theories of culture.
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Golubenko, Elena A. "FIELD ORGANIZATION OF CONCERTS “WAR” AND “PEACE” IN THE MODERN LINGUISTIC WORLD VIEW." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-1-197-212.
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Nowadays anthropocentric approach is widely used in the study of national culture in the Russian and foreign linguistics. It proves the emergence of linguistic and cultural trends in modern science, in which there is an interest in the issues of conceptualization and linguistic world view. Linguistic world view is a fundamental object of many modern scientists’ research, which is a complex process, the study of which is dictated by the development of linguistics and its individual areas in particular linguoculturology. The concept as a carrier of cultural information of a particular nation and an integral component of the national conceptual sphere unites the whole range of conceptual concepts and scientific views. The concept is a conceptual formation containing individual judgments and generally recognized standard values, i.e. the possible conceptual content of the object study or a linguistic phenomenon. The article considers the main results of the comparative study of the concepts “war” and “peace” and their representation in the linguistic world view of the Russian, English and Japanese languages. The result of the study of these concepts is the modeling of their field organization in the form of verbal and graphical representations, i.e. the content of concepts in the form of their field structures. This modeling allows us to confirm that the field organization of concepts in the implementation of their comparative analysis reveals the relationship of language with the existing reality, as well as reveals the national and specific characteristics of the linguistic consciousness of the ethnic group. The respondents’ reactions to the concepts “war” and “peace” directly depend on their linguistic identity and the type of culture they belong to. The modeling of the field organization provides a complete picture of the national and specific nature of the concepts. It is the concept “war” rather than “peace” that has a higher level of frequency and expressiveness in the native speakers’ minds of all three analyzed languages, that is not surprising, since respondents regardless of their cultural differences constantly face the outside world phenomena and experience the same basic emotions.
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Baur, Ruedi, and Ulrike Felsing. "On the Cultural Anchorings of Knowledge Visualization." Design Issues 35, no. 1 (January 2019): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00520.
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This article concerns knowledge graphics from Chinese culture. These graphics are linked to specific designs based on concepts anchored in their own culture and time. The major question behind our research was: What kinds of special qualities do traditional Chinese diagrams have, as regards to their cultural framework and their specific design? At the heart of the research is the conception and creative development of “visual translations.” By redesigning existing knowledge graphics, the research team was able to perceive the cultural implications of the Chinese graphics.
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Moisejeva, Natalija. "THE SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH CULTURAL KEY WORD “RIGHT” AND ITS EQUIVALENTS IN ITALIAN." Vertimo studijos 3, no. 3 (April 6, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2010.3.10592.
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The present research paper aims at providing an insight into the nature of the English cultural key word right and its expression in Italian. The analysis carried out during the research is based on the theory of Cultural Key Words elaborated by Anna Wierzbicka and Cliff Goddard in the 1990s, who claimed that apart from common words which are clear to everyone, there exist certain culture-specific concepts which are fully understandable only to members of a specific culture. The main attention of this article, therefore, is focused on revealing the meaning groups of the concept right and their expression in Italian. The source of the data is the original version of George Orwell’s 1984 and its Italian translation. Preliminary results show that the cultural concept right is manifold and mostly used to refer to instances from the meaning groups of precision, correctness and well-being. This analysis also suggests that the concept right is indeed specific to English culture since Italian culture employs different lexical means in order to convey the ideas underlying this concept.
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Gimadeeva, A. A., D. B. Garifullina, A. Yu Giniyatullina, and G. R. Chumarina. "NATIONAL AND CULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF THE CONCEPT FEAR." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 1237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74170.
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The purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to determine the lexical and semantic features of the concept of fear. It is essential to identify general and national features in the presentation of this concept by phraseological units of the investigated languages. This article discusses the lexical and semantic features of the concept of fear in the English and Tatar languages.
Materials and methods: The comparison of concepts in the world picture of the mentioned languages reveals their national and cultural peculiarities. In the study of this problem, the authors used descriptive-analytical and comparative methods. However, the methods of component, contextual and statistical analysis were applied. To some degree, the authors used the method of phraseological modeling.
Results of the research: As a rule, a specific image of animals conveys certain features and characteristics of people; consequently, all the names of animals that are part of phraseological units are mainly used in figurative meaning. As a result, by phraseological means of the English and Tatar languages we could reveal general and national features in the analyzed concepts. About 5 names of animals are used in the Tatar and English phraseological units. The materials of the article can be useful for students, masters who study English and Tatar languages. The results of the study can also be used in the methodology of teaching the investigated languages.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of National and Cultural Peculiarities of the Concept FEAR is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
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Nosirov, Otabek Timurovich. "NATIONAL-SPECIFIC AND UNIVERSAL MEANS OF EXPRESSING THE CONCEPTS "WINTER" AND "SUMMER” IN THE RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGE PICTURES OF THE WORLD." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/6/6.
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Background. In this article, Russian will be the source language, and Uzbek will be the language of comparison. Because, despite the structural differences between the Russian and Uzbek languages, our countries have a historical experience of social, cultural, and of course, linguistic interaction. Methods. Given that the language projections of the collective unconscious, in this case the conceptual opposition "winter-summer", do not have blood and racial inheritance, but belong to humanity as a whole, we can conclude that the deep or basic cognitive layers of the concepts of winter and summer in both the Russian and Uzbek languages contain a common, integral and identical basis for all mankind. Results. Thus, we can assume that when leaving for Russia and experiencing its climatic conditions, the Uzbek people acquire other, different from the usual, psychotypes of winter and summer (spring and autumn). Russian- Russian, Russian-Uzbek) understanding of the concepts that make up the concept sphere of the seasons, which are more clearly manifested in the cognitive features of weather conditions and anomalies and seasonal clothing.
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Conrad, Rupert, Franziska Geiser, Guntram Schilling, Mahmoud Sharif, Daniah Najjar, and Reinhard Liedtke. "Cross-Cultural Comparison of Explanatory Models of Illness in Schizophrenic Patients in Jordan and Germany." Psychological Reports 101, no. 2 (October 2007): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.531-546.
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This study investigated illness concepts of schizophrenic patients in an Arab-Islamic and a western European cultural background. 24 Jordanian and 23 German inpatients were interviewed using an illness concept scale and a causal belief questionnaire. Jordanian patients tend to believe more in esoteric factors underlying their illness, and they perceive the illness to be more threatening. There were no differences regarding biological explanations of illness and trust in medication; however, Jordanian patients reported more trust in the treating physician. Nearly all patients mentioned psychosocial stress as an important factor underlying their illness. Concerning treatment, only Jordanian patients believed religion to be an important factor and mentioned distance from the family as beneficial. The study highlights that culturally specific factors influence illness concepts of schizophrenic patients from an Arab-Islamic and a western European cultural background. Knowledge of these illness concepts is important to establish a helpful relationship between physician and patient.
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Menacere, Mohammed. "Arabic Methaphor and Idiom in Translation." Meta 37, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003627ar.
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Summary This paper attempts to discuss the problems of translating Arabic discourse involving specific cultural concepts. Cultural differences besides linguistic complexities constitute areas of potential difficulties in translating Arabic into English. These difficulties arise when one form of behaviour in one culture is virtually non-existent in another, or when the same cultural concept is conceived and interpreted differently by both cultures. The paper also considers the degree to which Arabic metaphors and idioms may be preserved in English translation.
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REYNOLDS, ROBERT G., and WILLIAM SVERDLIK. "AN EVOLUTION-BASED APPROACH TO PROGRAM UNDERSTANDING USING CULTURAL ALGORITHMS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 05, no. 02 (June 1995): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194095000125.
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Program understanding plays a very important role in the software engineering field as an essential part of the widely accepted reuse process. Unfortunately, the lack of general tools for this purpose often prevents users from effectively retrieving software modules for reuse. The primary difficulty is in determining which of the already-available modules performs the desired function. This paper explores the task of extracting functional knowledge from a program object (i.e., coded module) using an evolutionary-learning technique, cultural algorithms, to automatically learn classification rules for a reuse library. The modules are stored in a reuse library in the PM system using a faceted classification scheme. Therefore, the goal is to learn a set of rules to characterize the semantics of code modules based on their syntactic structure. The most difficult part of the process is to identify those parts of the program that provide specific evidence of the presence of a concept. Here, evolutionary-learning techniques are employed to interactively identify lines in a module that are "believed" to provide evidence for the presence of a facet value (concept) in the code by a user. A prototype is used to learn concepts relating to the "list" and "stack" programming concepts.
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Constantin, Maria-Magdalena, Anca Răducan, Elena Poenaru, and Traian Constantin. "TELEDERMATOLOGY: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE." Romanian Medical Journal 62, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2015.2.3.
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Objectives. To assess the concepts of teledermatology (TD), a subspecialty of dermatology and one of the most common applications of telemedicine. Material and methods. This systematic review, totaling 32 works, is aimed to evaluate the advantages and limitations of teledermatology, which can be delivered in two ways: real-time (synchronous), using videoconference technology, and store-and-forward (SAF) methods (aynchronous), using digital images via internet, a cheaper and more convenient modality for the health care provider. Results. So far, teledermatology has been implemented in dermoscopy, dermatopathology and chronic wound care. However, other chronic skin disease, such as psoriasis, dermatitis, acne, rosacea and skin cancers can be evaluated and monitored using store-and-forward methods. Conclusions. In order to develop a teledermatology platform, Romanian dermatology requires specific protocols and equipment for taking and sending photographs. A dermatologist would then review the data using store-and forward method and respond with a diagnosis and therapeutic algorithm.
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Olga, Tayupova, and Minlibaeva Elina. "PECULARITIES OF REALITIES CONCEPTS VERBALIZATION IN MODERN GERMANLITERARY DISCOURSE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 3 (March 25, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i3.2019.359.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the modern German language means used in the process of CITY and TRANSPORT concepts verbalization, presented in contemporary art discourse. It is precisely contemporary art prose that plays a special role in creating concepts of realities that are the semantic dominants of the work in question. From the point of view of the conceptual analysis method, the essence of the named concepts is revealed and their basic functions are determined. It is established that, taking into account the field structure of the concepts, language facilities are appropriately grouped and distributed. Due to this fact, it’s possible to isolate the core, the subnuclear zone, the near periphery, and also the far periphery of the analyzed concepts. In the structure of the literary concepts of realities the conceptual and figurative strata are under consideration. The conceptual stratum is actualized by language means with zero stylistic coloring. In turn, the shaped stratum is represented by the stylistically colored means of modern German language. Their frequency depends on a number of factors. First of all, the texts are written from the first-person point of view. This contributes to creating trust-based relationships between the writer and the reader. Secondly, the explication of concepts largely depends on the language personality of the writer and his/her mentality, which correlates with the characteristics of the worldview. In this case, literary constants, which are units of mentality, play a specific role, which makes the need for further comprehension of the concept as a literary category. There is emphasized the need to further study the concepts representation on the contemporary literary discourse texts basis, taking into account their national and cultural specifics. Also, it’s emphasized further concepts representation study based on the modern literary discourse texts with a glance to their national-cultural specifics.
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Grcic, Мirko, Ljiljana Grcic, and Мikica Sibinovic. "Perspectives in geography of culture and civilizations." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 94, no. 1 (2014): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1401033g.
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This paper presents a comparative analysis of relevant methodological essence of "traditional" and "new" cultural geography. In the introduction is given an explanation of philosophic concepts of space, environment, place and the region in cultural geography. In second section is analyzed the meaning of civilization and the genesis of geography of civilization (g?ographie de civilisation). Special attention is on features of geographical posibilism as methodological paradigm, and the concept of cultural landscape as the essence of classical geography of culture and civilization. After this part are researched specific characteristics of certain academic schools and methodological perspectives in cultural geography. Postmodern paradigm and essence of "new" cultural geography are in the main focus. Postmodernism is changing the meaning of the basic concepts in cultural geography, which are analyzed in the introduction, such as space, culture, cultural region, cultural landscape and others. "New" cultural geography reassessed social and moral issues associated with the characteristics of the postmodern era. In this regard, methodological paradigm must be changed. This ascertainment is based on the interpretation of humanistic geography, where the emphasis is on the interpretation of cultural symbols, causal link and the "spirit of place" (Spiritus Loci). In accordance with modern conceptions of human in psychological notion, there are at least three theoretical directions, which find resonance in the appropriate cultural geography: behaviorism, psychoanalytic concept and cognitive concept - gestaltism and geography of perception. In conclusion is emphasized the need of finding a dialectical unity in "classical" and "new" cultural geography.
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Steigner, Tanja, Marian K. Riedy, and Antonina Bauman. "Legal family, cultural dimensions, and FDI." International Journal of Managerial Finance 15, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-09-2017-0205.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction between legal origin and cultural distance and its impact on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into the OECD. Design/methodology/approach Ordinary least squares regression analysis is used to evaluate FDI flows into OECD countries between 2003 and 2012. Estimations use fixed effects and clustered standard errors. Findings FDI flows from civil to common law countries are greater than vice versa. Further, cultural distance impacts FDI flows depending on the legal origin of the source country. Specifically, more FDI flows from civil and common law countries, when the host country has a higher (lower) power distance (individualism) score. Civil law countries send more FDI into countries with higher masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and indulgence scores and with lower long-term orientation scores. The opposite is the case with common law source countries. The findings remain robust for various changes to the sample selection. Research limitations/implications The concepts of cultural distance and legal origin have been criticized. However, neither concept has been rejected; rather, both concepts persist as robust empirical research tools. Practical implications Scholars, managers and investors can gauge the impact of cultural distance on FDI flows based on the legal family of the source country. Further, policy makers might want to consider rebranding their countries in terms of cultural perceptions to show the attractiveness of specific cultural dimensions to foreign companies and investors. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that jointly investigates FDI, legal origin and national culture.
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Sobolev, Yuriy. "Aesthetic Ideas and Concepts of the Hindu Tradition: Specific Features and Analogies." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v108.
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This article deals with the main ideas and basic concepts of Hindu aesthetics. The problem area reveals itself in the question of European culture’s perception of Hindu aesthetics. In this connection, the following questions are actualized: what can be considered as original aesthetic conceptions of Hinduism? is it possible to find direct analogies in other cultures? how relevant and correct is the conceptual apparatus describing various aesthetic phenomena? what is the role of the religious thought in the proposed aesthetic context? Proceeding from the historical and cultural position of aesthetic knowledge as it is presented in the European tradition, key approaches to the phenomenon of the aesthetic are shown, with the ideas of classical German philosophy – the cradle of aesthetic science (A. Baumgarten, I. Kant) – at the centre. The marked heterogeneity of aesthetic knowledge indicates its problematic status in the European historical-philosophical discourse and at the same time allows one to see, against its background, the harmonious place of aesthetics in Hindu culture. It mainly concerns the peculiarities of religious and worldview systems. Further, the paper studies the similarities and differences between the theoretical and ritual ideas and practices in Christianity and Hinduism. In particular, what they have in common is the importance of “threshold people” – liminal personae – in the spiritual life of society. Among the radical differences is the natural embedding of aesthetics in the religious system of India, while for European aesthetics, the religious world is just one of the spheres of the aesthetic. Using the method of comparative text analysis with reference to leading Russian orientalists and foreign researchers (V. Shokhin, D. Zilberman, E. Torchinov, R. Guénon, N. Gupta), the author takes a number of concepts as an example to demonstrate identity of religious and aesthetic ideas in Hindu and European cultures, as well as a possibility of mutual “cultural translation” of such basic concepts as aesthetics, the aesthetic, rasa and bhava.
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Filipczak, Dorota. "Abjection and Sexually Specific Violence in Doris Lessing’s The Cleft." Text Matters, no. 4 (November 25, 2014): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/texmat-2014-0011.
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The article applies selected concepts from the writings of Julia Kristeva to the analysis of a novel by Doris Lessing entitled The Cleft. Published in 2007, The Cleft depicts the origin of sexual difference in the human species. Its emergence is fraught with anxiety and sexually specific violence, and invites comparison with the primal separation from the mother and the emancipation of the subject in process at the cost of relegating the maternal to the abject in the writings of Julia Kristeva. Lessing creates an ahistorical community of females (Clefts) from which the male community (Squirts) eventually evolves. The growing awareness of sexual difference dovetails with the emotional and intellectual development, as the nascent human subject gradually enters linear time viewed from perspective by the narrator of the novel, a Roman senator who hoards ancient manuscripts with the story of Clefts and Squirts. The article juxtaposes the ideas of Lessing and Kristeva, who have both cut themselves off from feminism, and have both been inspired by psychoanalysis. Primarily, Lessing’s fictional imaginary can be adequately interpreted in light of Kristeva’s concept of abjection as an element that disturbs the system. My interpretation of abjection is indebted to Pamela Sue Anderson’s reading of Kristeva, notably her contention that violence as a response to sexual difference lies at the heart of collective identity. Finally, the imaginary used by Lessing and Kristeva is shown to have stemmed from the colonial imaginary like the concepts of Freud and Jung.
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Merkulova, Natalia G. "Genesis, Definition and Typological Characteristics of the Concept of Cultural Code in a Humanitarian Discourse." Observatory of Culture, no. 6 (December 28, 2015): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-6-80-84.
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The concept of cultural code, increasingly used in the meaning of essence, core, basis of a specific cultural system, is required to be specified as a category of humanitarian discourse. The genesis of the concept of cultural code is associated with borrowing by the humanities from the exact sciences’ scientific-conceptual nomenclature of the term “code” which can be treated as a system of symbols, signals that transmit information. The definition of cultural code appears to be essential, disclosing the phenomenon’s nature, considered as a set of basic concepts, attitudes, values and norms that serve to read cultural texts. Detailed typologisation of cultural codes seems possible using main cultural categories, as the originality of any cultural system is determined by the general conceptions and attitudes that people base on when they perceive and comprehend everything they meet in their lives.
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Gatsalova, Larisa, Tatyana Novikova, and Larisa Parsieva. "Cognitive Basis of Conceptual Borrowing." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001120.
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The conceptual discrepancy of various linguistic and cultural systems sets the problem of transferring concepts when translating. A translator should borrow concepts of the source language to fill conceptual and cultural gaps of the target language. Abstract concepts based on metaphor represent the specific task of conceptual and cultural gap filling. Conceptual borrowing is one of the most complicated processes of translation practice and complex theoretical problems. The problem of conceptual borrowing could be solved with the help of cognitive models. The cognitive model of conceptual metaphor is the most productive one. Conceptual metaphor presents an image providing conceptual borrowing and cultural gap filling in order to achieve an adequate translation.
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Milkintas, Rytis. "Smart Culture Management: Theoretical Aspects." Socialiniai tyrimai 43, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21277/st.v43i1.301.
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The aim of the research is the investigation of the essential theoretical aspects of smart culture management. The article formulates the theoretical construct of smart culture management by combining cultural management and management concepts, closely linking cultural management with the implementation of cultural policy and seeing the specifics of smart cultural management.Qualitative analysis was performed of theoretical sources of foreign countries and Lithuania. Also, a comparative analysis of different concepts was carried out, highlighting similarities and differences of concepts (in order to discern correlations between them).Five groups of cultural management concepts are distinguished: cultural management as specific management in art and culture; cultural management as a phenomenon, process reflecting the formation and implementation of cultural policy; cultural management as an institution management; cultural management as a profession and academic discipline; cultural management as leadership-based management. Theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of smartness in cultural management allowed us to distinguish six dimensions of smartness: strategic, creative development, harmonization of interests in the cultural sector, empowered cultural sector parties, the harmony of intellectual and technological capital, the culture of shared value creation.Exploring the urban cultural field situation, using a model that reflects the 6 dimensions of smart culture management and 18 qualities of a smart social system, will highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the cultural field. By analyzing the weaknesses, the researchers will be able to make recommendations on how to improve the current situation. Improving the cultural field at the local level will significantly increase the quality of cultural services provided to the population.In future research, it is planned to apply the theoretical model of smart culture management to the analysis of situation analysis in the selected city. Analysis based on this theoretical model can also be performed at the state level, thus providing a comprehensive view of the cultural field situation.
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Wierzbicka, Anna. "Japanese key words and core cultural values." Language in Society 20, no. 3 (September 1991): 333–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500016535.
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ABSTRACTEvery language has its own key words, which reflect the core values of the culture. Consequently, cultures can be revealingly studied, compared, and explained to outsiders through their key words. But to be able to study, compare, and explain cultures in terms of their key words, we need a culture-independent analytical framework. A framework of this kind is provided by the natural semantic metalanguage developed by the author and colleagues over the last two decades. In the present article, the author explores and analyzes six Japanese concepts widely regarded as being almost more that any others culture-specific and culturally revealing – amae, enryo, wa, on, giri, and seishin – and shows how the use of the natural semantic metalanguage (based on universal semantic primitives) helps to make these concepts clear and how it facilitates better insight into Japanese culture and society (Japanese language, Japanese culture, cross-cultural semantics, key words, core values)
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Grove, Destinee H., and Jamie Mansell. "Cultural Competence: Where Are We as Athletic Training Educators?" Athletic Training Education Journal 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/150119041.
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Context Cultural competence is the ability of health care professionals to investigate and incorporate the cultural needs of patients into care and clinical decisions. Research shows that athletic training students and certified athletic trainers possess moderate to high levels of cultural competence yet struggle exhibiting culturally competent behaviors. Therefore, an exploration of athletic training educator cultural competence and preparedness to teach cultural competence concepts is warranted. Objective The study sought to assess the cultural competence of athletic training educators and how prepared, comfortable, and confident they feel teaching cultural competence and related concepts. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Online. Patients or Other Participants Ninety professional-level athletic training educators (60 women, 30 men). Data Collection and Analysis Cultural competence scores were collected using a previously validated survey tool. The remaining survey items collected information about participants' self-reported cultural competence teaching efficacy. All responses were collected through Qualtrics and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Frequency counts and percentages were determined. Measures of central tendencies were calculated for continuous variables. A paired-samples t test was used to determine if cultural competence knowledge and exhibition of culturally competent behaviors differed significantly. Results Athletic training educators identified mostly as white women (n = 59/90, 65.56%) and had high levels of self-reported cultural competence (5.33/7.00 ± 0.66). However, half of respondents (50.56%, n = 45/89) believed they do not possess adequate knowledge of cultural competence concepts, and a majority of respondents were not taught cultural competence concepts during professional education (78.89%, n = 71/90) nor during athletic training-specific continuing education opportunities (54.44%, n = 49/90). Conclusion(s) Further investigation regarding athletic training educator cultural competence education is warranted. Additionally, barriers to recruitment and retention of underrepresented athletic training faculty should be explored to increase diversity within athletic training programs. Finally, an athletic training-specific cultural competence assessment may more accurately measure cultural competence in this population.
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Zabashta, Roman Valentinovich. "Culture-Specific Concept of Crimea in a Regional Linguocultural Dictionary." Development of education, no. 4 (6) (December 18, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-53767.
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The article describes the formation of the Crimean regional version of the Russian literary language and the principles of compiling a regional linguocultural dictionary. The main problem addressed in the study is the application of functional-semantic description techniques and the ideas of geo-russistics to the practice of compiling a new type of linguocultural dictionary describing the regional version of the Crimean Russian language and representing the basic elements of the regional concept sphere. The purpose of article is to analyze the concept «Crimean regional version of the Russian literary language» in relation to the task of compiling the Russian linguocultural dictionary of the Crimea. Methods: descriptive, comparison, analysis. The following principles are recognized as innovative concepts of the «Russian Linguocultural Dictionary of the Crimea»: interdisciplinarity, functional-semantic approach to considering the relationship between a concept and means of its vernal implementation, regionalism, ideographic principle of modeling the conceptual continuum of a dictionary, historical and cultural commentary. The study examined the content of the term «regiolect», which is understood as a variant of the literary language formed in conditions of interacting with non-literary forms (dialect, vernacular, etc.) and / or other languages in the socio-cultural conditions of a particular region. As a result of the study, linguoculturological phenomena are presented as interpreted dictionary entries. The research results are important for the introduction of innovative teaching methods at schools and universities, as they develop the ideas of Crimean studies which are a new branch of regional pedagogy.
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Weiss, Mitchell G., R. Raguram, and S. M. Channabasavanna. "Cultural Dimensions of Psychiatric Diagnosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 166, no. 3 (March 1995): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.3.353.
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BackgroundCross-cultural research to examine the cultural validity of diagnostic categories and underlying concepts requires methods that integrate epidemiological and anthropological frameworks.MethodThe Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–III–R (SCID) were used to study 80 psychiatric out-patients with depressive neurosis at a clinic in south India.ResultsSummarykappa values of 0.75 for the EMIC and 0.68 for the SCID confirmed inter-rater reliability. Comparison of patient explanatory models and SCID diagnoses showed that patients emphasised somatic experience while clinicians emphasised depressive diagnoses. More than half the patients (55%) received a non-specific or dual diagnosis.ConclusionsThese findings raise questions about the distinctiveness of depressive, anxiety, and somatoform (DAS) disorders for this population.
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HERMANS, THEO. "Cross-cultural translation studies as thick translation." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 66, no. 3 (October 2003): 380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x03000260.
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Taking its cue from two specific examples (particular terms used by Aristotle and by Yan Fu) the first part of this article rehearses the hermeneutic question of cross-cultural understanding but gears the discussion to the specific issues of the complicity of translation in cross-cultural understanding, whether in an historical or an anthropological sense, and of the need to inspect critically the vocabulary used in the exercise. The second part considers practical ways in which the cross-cultural study of translation might proceed. It harks back to I. A. Richards, draws on the anthropology of Clifford Geertz and on philosophical pragmatism to redefine the aim of cross-cultural translation studies, and finally settles on the notion of ‘thick translation’ as a self-reflexive way to engage with other concepts of translation.
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Parkhomenko, I. I. "THE CONCEPT OF CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN ACADEMIC FIELD AND POLICIES OF THE EU AND GREAT BRITAIN." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (2017): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2017.1.16.
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Current European integration course in Ukraine requires rethinking Ukrainian scientific and policies meaning of the cultural sphere as the set of cultural industries, which produce and distribute goods or services with special cultural value, irrespective of the commercial value they may have. According to the main UN Resolutions, UNESCO Conventions and legal activity of the European Commission since 90th of XX century cultural assets are considered to be - an instrument and resource of economic, cultural and social sustainable development of states, cities and regions. New conditions require scientific methods for modelling Ukrainian cultural industries, identification of the priority industries. Besides the concept of cultural industries European scientists and governmental officials, use the concept of creative industries, especially, for the policymaking. All that show the need for clarification of these concepts in Ukrainian scientific field and policies making practice for governmental purposes. The purpose of this article is to study the meaning of the concepts of cultural and creative industries according to the European scientific discourse and policies making documents in the EU and the UK. The article shows that modern European scientists do not use the tradition of critical interpretation of the cultural industry, which was offered by representatives of the Frankfurt School in the mid-twentieth century. Scientists improve concepts to identify the sphere of culture as an economic reality, which is reflected in the specific governmental documents of the UK, the EU and UNESCO for policies making to improve sustainable development. The models of cultural and creative industries offer a logic of distinction according to the basis of the value component: the output of the creative activity has utility that is more functional for the consumers; it could be a component of the production of other industries, not only cultural industries. Cultural output has cultural value. The purpose of the creative industries is to produce goods and services for the commercial trade. Cultural industries produce cultural content, which embodies or conveys cultural expressions.
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Gorkusha, Oksana. "The role of the Logos concept in the Christian paradigm." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 29 (March 9, 2004): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2004.29.1483.
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One of the initial concepts of the theoretical level of the Christian cultural tradition is the concept of λ λόγоς, which came to Christianity from ancient philosophy, where it was largely understood as a discursive process of unfolding being and thinking in their proportions, objectively-logical law of the implementation of this process and epistemology), conventional, human words, or concepts (in philology). After a specific religious transformation in Christianity, the Logos began to identify not only epistemological and ontological spheres of theoretical comprehension of reality, but also existential. It was the basis of the Christian paradigm as a concept that shapes and defines its ontological, epistemological and existential spheres. As a result, the Logos concept is based on the Christian model of the world.
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Mizin, Kostiantyn, and Oleksandr Petrov. "Emotional State GEMÜTLICHKEIT in Cross-cultural Perspective: Corpus-based Approach." Studies about Languages 1, no. 38 (July 13, 2021): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.38.26581.
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The article is devoted to the cross-cultural study of the concept GEMÜTLICHKEIT representing ethnospecific emotional state relevant for the German-speaking community. To achieve the aim the language specific of the name of this concept – lexeme Gemütlichkeit – was revealed with the help of etymological, definitional, and contextual analysis, as well as the search for the interlingual equivalents, the usage of cross-cultural data and the data of representational language corpus. It has been proved that the concept GEMÜTLICHKEIT together with the concepts SICHERHEIT, ZUVERLÄSSIGKEIT and GEBORGENHEIT forms a unique “safety-cosiness quartet” of the German-speaking communities value system, i.e., the fragment of the world picture which together with the concept ORDNUNG is opposed to the existential fear – ANGST. A semantic profile of the word query Gemütlichkeit was built on the basis of the language corpus data. The profile “peaks” are the key features of the concept GEMÜTLICHKEIT. These features form the basis of the relevant definition of the lexeme Gemütlichkeit. The development of the definition was aimed not only at closing the gap in reference literature that needs a clear and complete definition of the concept GEMÜTLICHKEIT, but also at forming an adequate idea of this emotional state in the minds of the representatives of non-Germanspeaking communities.
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Oleksandr, Malyshev. "Cultural Heritage in Juridical Realm of Things." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 31 (2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-169-179.
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Introduction. This article deals with the concepts of cultural heritage and cultural property from the standpoint of legal history and philosophy. This research reflection was inspired by the Draft Law of Ukraine “On Cultural Market Goods”. The author follows the path determined by language and by peculiarities of civil law tradition. It is high time to return to a dialectical understanding of Romance and Germanic traditions as two contradictive poles of heritage law understanding in Continental Europe. The aim of the article is the analysis of the correlation of “cultural heritage” and “cultural property” notions within international law and national law of Ukraine, and integration of these notions into the united concept of heritage law. Results. First, the fundamental terms and definitions – for instance, “bien” (French) and “Sache” (German) – related to the property law have been analysed in relevant civil codes of Romance and Germanic traditions. The property law in the civil law tradition provides a certain legal description of the whole visible and abstract world. Hence, the way passed from the Napoleonic Code to the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch was both the development of legal forms, as well as the evolution of the world outlook reflected in the legal texts. In the French Code civil, one can observe a baroque pattern of the world of things, especially manifested by a difficult correlation between “bien” and “chose” concepts. The definition of “Sache” in Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch demonstrates the positivistic world vision. Because Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch is more advanced from the legal drafting methodology, its specific patterns and notions were implemented by the civil codes of the majority of European countries. On the contrary, in the heritage law realm, the Romance “bien” concept has been dominating. Conclusions. Paper states that the Romance law tradition and, particularly, the French doctrine of the civil law have a determining impact on the roots and on the formation of the modern vision of the cultural property. Hence, such doctrinal foundations seem to be efficient for a systematic and organic comprehension of the heritage law.
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Zalavina, T. Yu, N. V. Derina, L. S. Polyakova, and Yu V. Yuzhakova. "Concept "Money" in the Context of National Linguocultures." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-1-191-196.
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This paper presents an analytical review of scientific works devoted to one of the topical studies in cognitive and cultural linguistics, namely, to the concept of "money", which is included in the corpus of basic concepts of European civilization. Concepts as complex mental formations attract special attention of scientists studying the problem of language conceptualization of the person’s environmental world. Language units of different levels are studied in their correlation with the cognitive structure of the concept knowledge. The framework consists of systematization of the majority of existing scientific results of verbal representation, structuring of the concept of "money" in the context of Russian, English, German, and French. A comparative analysis of the ways and means of language representation of the concept "money" in Russian, English, German, and French sets the combination of versatile and specific features that embody the nature of the concept of "money" in these national languages. The obtained scientific findings represent the opportunities of embodiment of general cultural concept of "money" in national linguocultures. The practical value is determined by the fact that the obtained structured scientific data in the specified conceptual field can be used by scientists when developing linguoculturological dictionaries of basic concepts of European culture, as well as in the development of training courses with the dictionaries in question as content database.
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Obiakor, Festus E. "Self-Concept of African-American Students: An Operational Model for Special Education." Exceptional Children 59, no. 2 (October 1992): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299205900209.
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African-American students who fail in school programs are presumed to have a “low” self-concept. However, this view fails to recognize self-concept as an observable, describable, situation-specific, and measurable phenomenon. In addition, it ignores the cultural biases and prejudices inherent in current self-concept assessment tools. In contrast, the operational model of self-concept, which defines self-descriptive behavior, permits identification of styles, strengths, and weaknesses in the areas of self-concept. The article explores methods for enhancing self-concepts of African-American students and accommodating multicultural perspectives.
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Wynn, Thomas, Frederick Coolidge, and Martha Bright. "Hohlenstein-Stadel and the Evolution of Human Conceptual Thought." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19, no. 1 (February 2009): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774309000043.
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Cognitive neuroscience provides a powerful perspective on the brain and cognition from which archaeologists can begin to document the evolution of the human mind. The following essay uses the Hohlenstein-Stadel figurine as a starting point to demonstrate the two kinds of conclusion open to an evolutionary cognitive archaeology: first, describing features of the cognitive life-world at specific points in human evolution, in this case central Europe 32,000 years ago, and second identifying the evolutionary timing and contexts for specific cognitive abilities, in this case various components of concept formation. We argue that the abstract concept underpinning the Hohlenstein-Stadel figurine resulted initially from an effortful (attentive) linking of ‘animal’ and ‘person’ concepts via the working memory network of the frontal and parietal lobes. These ‘animal’ and ‘person’ concepts themselves were largely unconscious folk biological categories generated by a parietal network that had evolved earlier, probably by the time of the earliest Homo sapiens. These in turn rest on even older, basic ontological categories of ‘animate’ and ‘manipulable’ objects that are temporal lobe networks, and which evolved much earlier still, perhaps with the advent of Homo erectus.
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Verble, Margaret, and Judy Worth. "Cultural Sensitivity in the Donation Discussion." Progress in Transplantation 13, no. 1 (March 2003): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480301300107.
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Procurement professionals disagree on the necessity for matching donation requestors with donor families by race or ethnicity in order to increase donation rates. However, reports from minority requestors indicate that displays of cultural sensitivity during donation discussions may affect both the discussions and family decisions. In donation discussions with African Americans, Asians, American Indians, and Hispanic people from traditional cultures, requestors should consider factors such as which family representatives to include, cultural familiarity with specific diseases necessitating transplants, forms of address, concepts of time, methods of decision making and communicating refusal, and families' previous experience with the hospital and the American society as a whole.
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Peters, Anne Lande. "Difference in association. About bridging the cultural gap when translating Ibsen's En folkefiende." Nordlit, no. 34 (February 16, 2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.3351.
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<p>Ibsen-In-Translation aims at translating Ibsen’s work simultaneously into the languages of: Classic Arabic, Chinese, Egyptian, English, Hindi, Japanese, Russian and Spanish. During the translation of <em>En Folkefiende</em> the group met twice to discuss problems and help eachother’s understanding of the play. This article aims at pointing out some of the common translation-problems the eight translators encountered, and to mention specific problems I encountered in the process of translating the play into Japanese.</p><p>During our two meetings, I saw that some problems were language-specific, and that some were common to more of us. We also discovered that some words and expressions are so rooted in the Norwegian culture and that a literal translation of such words and expressions create different associations in the target language. Among the problems we had in common, there seemed to be two main categories. 1: Concepts related to Christian values, and 2: Concepts related to the Norwegian societal organization of the time. Christian values-related problems consisted of translating swearwords, translating the concepts and the associations related to the words ”temperance”, ”atheism” and ”openmindedness”. As for the problems relating to societal organization and political ideology in Norway of the time, concepts relating to the term ”borger” was a challenge for many of us. As for me specifically, I also had the added challenge of fitting the relatively democratic language of Ibsen into the Japanese hierarchical language system. </p>