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1
Söderström, Jannice. "Cultural Distance : An Assessment of Cultural Effects on Trade Flows." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1339.
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This thesis will investigate trade patterns among 77 selected countries and how these pat-terns may be affected by cultural attributes such as similarities in culture, institutions, common border, language, and such cultural characteristics. A cultural- and institutional distance measure will be calculated using the Pythagorean Theorem to assess the various cultural and institutional differences among countries. In more economic terms, a Euclid-ian space between the countries’ scores on each cultural and institutional index is calculated into one measure.
By the use of the gravity model an econometric analysis will be performed with 12 included variables in order to come to a conclusion if, and to what extent, various cultural distance measures affect trade flows. Due to scarce data availability in some of the variables the analysis is bound to the selected 77 partner countries and one time period ranging from 2003-2005. The dependent variable, and the trade flow considered in this thesis, is exports among the included countries.
The results from the performed regressions show excellent results where all variables are significant and are shown to have an effect on trade flows. Moreover, the result indicates that being similar when it comes to cultural attributes is indeed preferential for the trade partners. That is, trade increase when countries cultural affinities are large.
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Garner, Ben James. "Trade, culture and the new politics of cultural development at UNESCO." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trade-culture-and-the-new-politics-of-cultural-development-at-unesco(f12e638b-a9d4-403b-bc2f-c3a17728e745).html.
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In the late 1990s an attempt got underway to develop a new paradigm for cultural development policy at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). The fruit of these efforts was the adoption of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, which entered into force in 2007. This binding international treaty has been welcomed for restoring a degree of cultural policy sovereignty to states against some of the pressures of contemporary globalisation, and celebrated for burying some of the political differences between North and South that had pulled UNESCO apart in the 1970s and 1980s. As an instrument with widespread political support the Convention on cultural diversity has also marked something of a landmark event in the more general controversies over the nature of contemporary cultural change and the role of cultural policy in the era of neoliberal globalisation. This thesis is a response to these developments over the last decade, based on a series of studies looking at the processes that led to the formation of the Convention and examining some of the effects of the new framework as they are becoming apparent in the first years following its adoption and entry into force. It looks in particular at the precise points of consensus between North and South that have been found in the new framework of cultural development, examining some of its measures and the way they are coming to feature - or not - in the work of international development agencies, policymakers and cultural industry stakeholders. These observations are developed through two main case studies looking at contemporary attempts at cultural policy reform in China and the Caribbean. The thesis also attempts to offer an alternative perspective to the legal and international relations analyses that have surrounded the Convention and its political controversies so far by approaching them within the framework of social and cultural theory, engaging in particular with recent claims about the transformation of culture into a 'resource' for trade and development in the new global economy. I argue that the new framework tends to conflate cultural rights and recognition with the right of the state to protect and promote activities that it deems worthy of recognition on cultural grounds: this has offered a welcome development to those that have come to have a privileged role to play in the contemporary concern to promote enterprise, production and trade in the knowledge-based economy of content and intellectual property creation, but it has also tended to weaken the position of others whose claims to cultural recognition are inseparable from demands which have little or no protagonism in this framework.
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MATTSSON, KAJSA. "Effects of cultural distanceon Swedish international trade." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226172.
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Voon, Tania Su Lien. "Cultural products in the World Trade Organization." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613858.
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Gottselig, Glenn A. "Canada and culture, can current cultural policies be sustained in the global trade regime?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0007/MQ46028.pdf.
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Chen, Xiaolu. "China’s Cultural Industries in the Face of Trade Liberalization: An Analytical Framework for China’s Cultural Policy." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253553429.
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Stavlöt, Ulrika. "Essays on culture and trade." Stockholm : Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-327.
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Follmer, Margret Amelia. "Fair trade, sustainable agriculture, and cultural impacts in the coffee industry." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2538.
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Coffee production focuses on two species of the plant, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora, also known as Coffea robusta. This plant is a tropical cash crop that has a wide range of quality and production standards, and provides a unique means for the study of economic, agricultural, social, and ecological issues.
Many works discuss groups of people who produce coffee as a cash crop, ranging from Verena Stolcke's (1988) monograph, which analyzed the Brazilian colonato system, closely linked to colonial slavery, to Daniel Jaffee's (2007) fieldwork in Oaxaca and discussion of democratically organized cooperatives, whose goals include organic and Fair Trade certification. The coffee industry has a rich and complex history that has played a vital role in the development of modern commerce.
This work discusses research concerning the roles of Fair Trade, organic, and other third-party certifications on societies that produce and consume coffee. While some data from the Far East and Africa are included, the majority of published literature focuses on Central and South American producer nations, and their relationships with the consumers of the North, namely North America and Europe. Certification of organic, Fair Trade, and sustainable agriculture standards by third-party labelling institutions provides new niches for coffee producers to improve standards of living in developing nations, and offset the crisis imposed by wild market fluctuations related to deregulation. The majority of this work consists of literature review and discussion. The remainder pertains to the author's work experience at a specialty coffee retailer in Wichita, Kansas. This work concludes that the coffee industry acts as a part of the global economy, and changes in the production, trade, marketing, and consumption of this product can affect and be affected by cultural change at any point in economic exchange. Furthermore, it demonstrates that social and environmental responsibility in global commodity exchange benefits all members of that exchange and mitigates their ecological impacts, despite the critiques of Fair Trade and organic labelling initiatives.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology
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Silver, Vernon. "Antiquities Trade : Cultural biographies of two Euphronios vases looted from Etruria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533826.
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Giwa, Gillian Travia. "Public Opinion about International Trade: assessing the impact of cultural proximity." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-04082014-141753/.
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The use of experimental methods in International Relations (I.R.) studies continues to be relatively unpopular, and especially so among the International Political Economy (IPE) research fraternity in Brazil. Notwithstanding, this paper is the product of an experimental survey administered among the undergraduate students\' population at the University of São Paulo in April 2014, in which the hypothesis that cultural proximity mattered to public opinion about trade partners was investigated and subsequently validated. In pretreatment tests, language, religion and social norms and values were identified as proxies for cultural proximity. These were incorporated into four treatment vignettes that described a potential trade partnership in terms of its economic gains as well as the cultural (dis)similarity of the partner country. With the addition of a control condition - having no economic or cultural information - the five vignettes were embedded into questionnaires administered to 503 students across 7 faculties. Treatment effects under all conditions confirmed that people\'s decisions were affected by the cultural indicators. Their contradictory response to descriptive questions however, implies that though their actions may be conducive with culturally influence, people\'s declarations will tend to suggest otherwise.A utilização de métodos experimentais em estudos de Relações Internacionais (RI) continua sendo relativamente incomum e, particularmente, entre os pesquisadores de Economia Política Internacional (EPI) no Brasil. Não obstante, este trabalho foi o resultado de um survey experimental aplicado entre os alunos de graduação da Universidade de São Paulo em abril de 2014, cuja hipótese de que a proximidade cultural importava para a opinião pública no que tange os parceiros comerciais foi investigada e, posteriormente validada. Nos testes de pré-tratamento, a língua, a religião e as normas e os valores sociais foram identificados como os indicadores para a proximidade cultural. Estes indicadores foram incorporados em quatro vinhetas de tratamento, em que uma parceria comercial foi descrita em termos dos ganhos econômicos, bem como a (não) similaridade cultural do país parceiro. Com a adição de uma condição de controle - em que não havia nenhuma informação econômica ou cultural - as cinco vinhetas foram incluídas em questionários aplicados a 503 estudantes entre 7 faculdades. Havia efeitos do tratamento em todas as condições e, portanto, foi possível confirmar que as decisões das pessoas foram afetadas pelos indicadores culturais. No entanto, as respostas contraditórias às questões descritivas sugeriram que por mais que as ações do público tendem a demonstrar coerência com a influência de atributos culturais, suas declarações verbais tendem a apontar ao contrário.
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Fischer, Manfred M., and James P. LeSage. "The role of socio-cultural factors in static trade panel models." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6361/1/SEA_intl_trade_flowsJune_15_new.pdf.
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The focus is on cross-sectional dependence in panel trade
flow models. We propose alternative
specifications for modeling time invariant factors such as socio-cultural indicator variables, e.g.,
common language and currency. These are typically treated as a source of heterogeneity eliminated using fixed effects transformations, but we find evidence of cross-sectional dependence after eliminating country-specific effects. These findings suggest use of alternative simultaneous dependence model specifications that accommodate cross-sectional dependence, which we set forth along with Bayesian estimation methods. Ignoring cross-sectional dependence implies biased estimates from panel trade flow models that rely on fixed effects.Series: Working Papers in Regional Science
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McIntyre, Christopher Robert 1963. "The rhetoric and realities of the U.S.-Mexico Free Trade Agreement." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278146.
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This thesis begins with a discussion of the theory behind free trade, and then examines some of the political rhetoric surrounding current free trade negotiations. This rhetoric ignores the potential pitfalls of free trade, and alternatives which would lead to more balanced development. The U.S.-Mexico FTA is placed in global perspective, with a discussion of the GATT. The maquiladora industry, dominated by multinational corporations, is presented as a "sneak preview" of free trade. This agreement would generate multiple realities, in that it would mean different things to different groups of people; it will have numerous negative effects, especially on Mexico's rural population. The ideological rhetoric obscures the fact that a primary result of free trade will not be broad economic development, but rather further polarization of society and the enrichment of certain vested interests.
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Sugden, Kimberly J. "Animal ambassadors and talking products : a cultural history of advertising trade-characters." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4487a28c-b634-4d62-85ec-00afd3f2739b.
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Kotlowitz, Danny M. "Defending Lilliput, domestic cultural industry development schemes and the wrold trade regime." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ40991.pdf.
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Holloway, Isaac Robert. "Implications of barriers to trade for exports of cultural goods and services." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41914.
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This dissertation contains three studies. Chapter 2 studies the effect of product quality on foreign entry using data on U.S. movie exports and direct and revealed measures of movie quality. In the model, fixed costs of entry mean only the more appealing movies will find it profitable to enter each country. Empirically, a one-standard-deviation increase in quality increases the probability of entry by 25-50%. Movies in culturally-laden genres are less likely to enter foreign markets and their probability of entry is more sensitive to quality. I exploit differences in the propensity to import different genre types to estimate a measure of cultural distance between countries. The cultural distance measure enters a gravity equation of merchandise trade significantly. Chapter 3 investigates the international diffusion of a new product. Products traditionally enter foreign markets sequentially. This paper proposes that part of the explanation is that firms want to learn about their products’ appeal before incurring the fixed costs of entry. Each successive release serves to update the firm’s expectations for future performance---and thus their decision to enter more markets. On a sample of U.S. movies, I find that a one-standard-deviation increase in the update, based on the previous round’s box-office "surprise", is associated with a 25% increase in the probability of entry to a typical potential destination in the current round. Chapter 4 investigates Canada's interprovincial and international trade in services. While modern technology has allowed for long-distance service provision, regulatory non-tariff barriers may constitute substantial hurdles for further trade liberalization. This chapter describes three exercises contributing to the analysis of Canadian service trade. Using a theoretically-motivated framework, I estimate provincial and national border effects, and track the effect over time that distance has had on international trade.
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Isenhour, Linda. "THE RELATIONS AMONG CULTURAL VALUES, ETHNICITY, AND JOB CHOICE TRADE-OFF PREFERENCES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3827.
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Researchers in human resource management (HRM) have long been concerned with the attraction and retention of organizational members (Breaugh, 1992; Rynes, 1991; Vroom, 1966). However, as the U.S. work force has become more diverse (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000), the need to consider how issues of cultural diversity are related to the recruitment process has become increasingly important. For example, although past research has investigated relations among individuals' values, personality, and job choice preferences, no research has examined the job choice trade-off preferences of culturally diverse individuals. Moreover, researchers have not examined explicit job choice trade-off preferences involving job and organizational factors, even though expectancy theory-based models of recruitment implicitly suggest that individuals make trade-offs among valent job and organizational factors. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to examine the relations among individuals' (a) cultural values (power distance, Protestant Ethic-earnings, Protestant Ethic-upward striving), (b) ethnicity (European-American, Hispanic-American), and (c) their job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay using Thurstone's (1927, 1931) law of comparative judgment method. Study 1 served as a pilot of the procedure and measures. Based on the results of Study 1, changes were made to improve reliability of measures prior to Study 2. Study 2 tested hypothesized relations among cultural values, ethnicity, and job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay. Results from Study 2 showed that power distance cultural values were related positively to job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay and that Protestant Ethic-earnings cultural values were related negatively to job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay. In addition, Hispanic-Americans were more likely than European-Americans to prefer job choice trade-offs for organizational prestige over pay. However, Protestant Ethic-upward striving cultural values were unrelated to job choice trade-off preferences for organizational prestige over pay. Moreover, ethnicity was unrelated to power distance cultural values, Protestant Ethic-earning cultural values, or Protestant Ethic-upward striving cultural values. Study results suggest that including cultural values and ethnicity in future recruitment research can enhance the understanding of individuals' job choice preferences and provide practitioners with information to attract multicultural job applicants.Ph.D.
Department of Management
Business Administration
Business Administration: Ph.D.
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Xu, Albert. "Investigating the Effects of Cultural Distance on the Gravity Model of Trade." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1568.
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The gravity model of trade is the workhorse model for international trade. In its most basic form, it stipulates that bilateral trade flow between two countries is proportional to the countries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the distance between them. According to the gravity model, the elasticity of trade flows to distance, or the “distance effect,” has increased since the early 1970s, a confounding empirical result known as the “distance puzzle.” This paper investigates the distance effect more closely by decomposing it. More specifically, it aims to isolate the effects from culture, constructing measures of cultural distance and examining their effects on bilateral trade levels and the distance effect. The results show that cultural differences do not account for the distance puzzle. However, it also finds that cultural distance has both a substantial and statistically significant effect on bilateral trade.
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Lindborg, Alexander, and Anna-Carin Ohlsson. "Cross-cultural business negotiations : how cultural intelligence influences the business negotiation process." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-5833.
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Over the last 30 years, technology has made it possible for people to travel to other cultures in a cheaper and more efficient way. The increased traveling has made it possible for an increase in trade and as the trade flourishes the need for people that can handle the differences between the cultures in the world increase. Some people handle cross-cultural negotiations better than others; we want to know how Cultural Intelligence influences The Business Negotiation Process.
To find out how Cultural Intelligence influences The Business Negotiation Process we choose to conduct qualitative interviews with a few Swedish companies that have experiences of cross-cultural negotiations with China.
The findings indicate that Cultural Intelligence influences The Business Negotiation Process by different factors such as engagement, communication and understanding. The greater engagement and understanding the negotiator has of the different parts the more likely it is that the business negotiation process will have a positive outcome.
We studied as much literature as we could find about cultural intelligence and the business negotiation process. Out of our findings, we build a model, and this gave the opportunity to test the different parts of the model in our research.
Our contributions to the field are foremost the discovery of the two new dimensions: Structure and Power Dependency that can be added to both Cultural intelligence and The Business Negotiation Process. In future research, these two dimensions can be further researched and developed. In our research, statements from our respondents create a small practical guideline for cross-cultural business negotiations with China. The negotiators might have use for this guideline when negotiating with Chinese companies.
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Colson-Duparchy, Alexia. "Bridges, hoops and pools : international film co-production : the interface between culture and trade." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78210.
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International film co-productions are sometimes thought of by the Americans as a form of financing providing the U.S. with the ability to sell works to its most important export market, Europe. Europe prefers thinking of it as way to provide its market with works that reflect European culture and ideals. This thesis questions the reality of such a statement, using the examples of the EU, the U.S. and Canada.The author first explains the mechanism of co-production within the framework of a presentation of the methods of film financing. Follows a twofold discussion on the current nature of international co-productions, on both the international and national levels.
A considerable portion of this work examines the terms of the debate about the interplay between culture and trade. As an instrument used in the audiovisual industry, therefore strongly connected to cultural industries, international co-production is indeed an ideal model to represent the tensions existing between culture and global trade. This thesis sets international co-production up as a symbol of the interface between culture and trade.
Follows a debate on the congruity of the existing global and regional trade agreements for the protection of a culture always weaker in its diversity and propagation. With the prospect of the imminent phasing out of the sectoral exemptions allowed by the GATS, the inadequacy of the NAFTA cultural exemption and current quota policy systems, what would be best to calm down the tensions between culture and trade? Three solutions are discussed here: the New International Instrument on Cultural Diversity; a powerful competitor to the American majors such as Vivendi-Universal, and the technique of co-ventures.
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Ackhurst, Kevin D. "Tweaking the eagle's beak, Canada's cultural policy in an era of trade liberalisation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ29440.pdf.
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Sun, Wen-bin. "A cultural and institutional analysis of Sino-British trade : same bed, different ideas." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261351.
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Michel, Guillaume. "Industries culturelles et commerce international : de l'exception à la diversité culturelle." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30802.
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Since the liberalization of international trade intensified in the middle of the XXth century, some States wished that goods and services containing a cultural value be put aside from the process of liberalization by means of a cultural exception. Others, on the contrary, considered that cultural industries constitute commodities entirely subjected to the principles of free trade. This thesis analyzes the present debate in order to determine if the cultural value of certain industries is enough to justify a specific treatment in international trade. For that purpose, the study goes back to the historical origins of the problem and attempts to determine if these industries have a specificity, particularly by analyzing their role in a society and by examining their legal nature. Based on these considerations, during the negotiations of the international trade agreements, some States intended to impose their point of view. Some of the latest agreements hold a specific regime to the cultural sector, whereas others did not refer explicitly to these. However, several governments have implemented support measures for their cultural industries, something other States considered violations to the principles of free trade and attacked them on political and legal grounds. Finally, this thesis examines the recent evolutions of the debate, especially at the time of the new round of negotiations within the framework of the WTO. It analyzes, as well, the new questions given arise by the development of new technologies, the new strategies of the States, and the solutions proposed to solve this debate. Most of these solutions refer to the cultural diversity concept, which, in a sense tend to appear as a political objective, which will make it possible to draw some legal conclusions in the field of international trade.
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Surovtseva, Tetyana. "Essays on labor markets, migration and trade." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/296804.
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In Part I of this thesis, I show that, when immigrants’ host and home countries engage
in trade, labor market returns to cultural capital specific to the trading partner increase.
Using two trade liberalization episodes, NAFTA and China’s accession to the WTO, I
examine how trade intensification between the US and Mexico, and the US and China
affects wages, employment and occupations of Mexican and Chinese descendants in the
US, respectively. I find that labor market demand for Mexican and Chinese descendants
increase as a result of trade intensification with Mexico and China. In Part II, I develop
a theoretical framework that integrates immigrant networks of heterogeneous qualities
and decisions about cultural assimilation and investment in education into the context
of a labor market with asymmetric information. I illustrate how network quality shapes
individual incentives to acquire education and to assimilate.En la Parte I de esta tesis, demuestro que cuando los países de origen y de destino de inmigrantes empiezan a comercializar entre ellos, el valor del capital cultural de los inmigrantes aumenta en el mercado laboral del país receptor. Uso dos episodios de liberalización comercial, y examino cómo el aumento en el comercio entre los EEUU y México, y China afectó los salarios, el empleo y la ocupación de mexicanos y chinos en EEUU. En la Parte II, se desarrolla un marco teórico que integra la red de inmigrantes de calidades heterogéneas, y las decisiones sobre la asimilación cultural y la inversión en la educación en el contexto del mercado de trabajo con información asimétrica. Ilustro como calidad de la red inmigrante determina los incentivos individuales para adquirir educación así como de asimilarse culturalmente en el país de destino.
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Fithen, David Caspar. "Diamonds and war in Sierra Leone : cultural strategies for commercial adaptation to endemic low-intensity conflict." Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.300097.
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Lau, Timm. "The Tibetan diaspora in India : approaching itinerant trade, popular cultural consumption and diasporic sociality." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613326.
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De, Jong Connie Jo. "Global Gallery: Revolutionary Re-Localization through fair Trade International handicrafts, Tourism and Cultural Education." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392048477.
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McRobbie, Angela. "Art world, rag trade or image industry? : a cultural sociology of British fashion design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7359.
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This thesis argues that the distinctiveness of contemporary British fashion design can be attributed to the history of education in fashion design in the art schools, while the recent prominence and visibility is the result of the expansion of the fashion media. Fashion design had to struggle to achieve disciplinary status in the art schools. Tarnished by its associations with the gendered and low status practice of the dressmaking tradition, and then in the post war years, with the growth of mass culture and popular culture, fashion educators have emphasised the conceptual basis of fashion design. Young fashion designers graduating from art school and entering the world of work develop an occupational identity closer to that of fine artists. This is a not unrealistic strategy given the limited nature of employment opportunities in the commercial fashion sector. But as small scale cultural entrepreneurs relying on a selfemployed and freelance existence, the designers are thwarted in their ability to maintain a steady income by their lack of knowledge of production, sewing and the dressmaking tradition. The current network of urban `micro-economies' of fashion design are also the outcome of the enterprise culture of the 1980s. Trained to think of themselves primarily as creative individuals the designers are ill-equipped to develop a strategy of collaboration and association through which their activities might become more sustainable. While the fashion media has also played a key role in promoting fashion design since the early 1980s, they are overwhelmingly concerned with circulation figures. They produce fashion images which act as luxurious environments for attracting advertising revenue. Consequently they carry little or no coverage on issues relating to employment or livelihoods in fashion. But their workforce is also creative, casualised and freelance. In each case, these young workers are the product of the shift in the UK to an emergent form of cultural capitalism comprising of low pay and the intensification of labour in exchange for the reward of personal creativity. This current sociological investigation aims to open the debate on the potential for the future socialisation of creative labour.
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Wiegratz, Jörg. "The cultural political economy of neoliberal moral restructuring : the case of agricultural trade in Uganda." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://opus.bath.ac.uk/28802/.
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Neoliberal reforms in Africa aim to create and consolidate market societies. Such restructuring targets not just economy, but also polity, society and culture. While the economic and political repercussions of neoliberalism have been studied extensively, neoliberalism as a cultural programme has received less attention. This thesis therefore analyses the cultural political economy (hereafter: ePE) of embedding neoliberalism in a country via a restructuring of the prevailing norms, values, orientations and practices (NVOPs). It is argued that the reforms have to undermine pre-existing non-neoliberal NVOPs among the population, and foster NVOPs that are in line with neoliberal ideology and its goal of market society. Particularly noteworthy is the attempt to change moral norms of behaving and relating to each other. To examine how this process works and what is political about it, Uganda, which is regarded as the African country that has adopted neoliberal reforms most extensively, has been selected as the case study. The thesis uses mainly a moral economy (ME) approach to analyse the process of moral restructuring since 1986, when the 1981-86 guerrilla war ended and the current ruling party, the National Resistance Movement, rose to power. It investigates how the reforms have changed the ME of agricultural trade in greater Bugisu in eastern Uganda. It studies which NVOPs were promoted by the reforms and how these have interacted with and reshaped the prevailing NVOPs. It also analyses the link between moral economy and political economy aspects in the process. The research tracks, explains and interprets the changes in the NVOPs by exploring people's experiences, views and interpretations regarding the changing ME of trade. The relationships between people's orientations, motivations, actions, justifications and explanations and the respective action context are also explored. The research draws on about 180 individual and group interviews which were held between October 2008 and March 2009. These interviews were complemented by some observations of market trading and attention to news and debates in newspapers and periodicals. The key finding is that the reforms and their effects have negatively affected the trade relationships and practices between smallholder farmers and traders. Liberalised market transactions were characterised by higher levels and changing forms of 'malpractice', and a modification of their moral underpinnings. There was a significant level of dishonesty, intimidation, violence, corruption, riding the system, and a specific way to view and act upon, i.e. exploit the vulnerability of other human beings, and harm them in the process. Practices based on other regard, honesty, fairness, cooperation and long-term considerations came under pressure. Overall, the thesis offers a field research-based analysis of (i) the ePE of neoliberal reform, (ii) the rise of the neoliberal ME to relative dominance in a specific locality and the implications thereof for the people affected by the process, and (iii) the moral properties of neoliberal capitalist markets in the study area. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the implications of the work for the debate about neoliberalism, market society and ME in Uganda and beyond.
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Dombi, Tânia Rajczuk. "O espaço comercial como um valor cultural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100135/tde-01112014-132257/.
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É perceptível a tendência contemporânea da multifuncionalidade do objeto e do espaço. Este último desdobra-se e desconstrói-se em ambientes inter ou não-relacionados, agregando funções num mesmo lugar. Se o espaço mais óbvio para se encontrar arte e história é em uma galeria ou em um museu, é de se estranhar que estabelecimentos comerciais possam atuar nesta função artístico-cultural. Neste caso, é quase imediato pensar que esta ação poderia ser exercida deficientemente ou que alguma forma de lucro estaria fortemente envolvida. Mas há exceções; são locais onde não só o objeto deve ser tocado, sentido, experienciado como nas instalações artísticas contemporâneas como o ingresso a eles é sempre livre. Como em galerias e museus, a exposição do objeto é primordial, podendo fazer parte de um cenário original e preservado, reconstituído ou quase teatral, onde esta recepção estética apoia-se também em um conjunto de informações e interações com seu espectador. Quando a arquitetura do lugar também destaca-se, especialmente se tombada pelo patrimônio histórico e artístico (ou com possibilidades de ser), torna-se quase impossível somente se ater a uma única atividade exercida no local e não ao conjunto em si. As relações e fusões entre estabelecimentos comerciais com alguns artifícios e técnicas museológicas, através de desdobramentos tais como loja-museu, loja de museu e loja-galeria são objetos desta pesquisa, onde procura-se não só refletir sobre a abrangência dos lugares culturais, como sobre a identidade de uma cidade através do comércio local. A opção por modos de pesquisa diversos textuais, iconográficos e de campo foi fundamental para a constatação do comércio como uma forma de cultura, sendo que os três estudos de caso, todos localizados na Cidade de São Paulo, possibilitam também verificar a necessidade de seleção para a explicação desta ocorrência, assim como a abrangência cultural através da descrição de práticas tanto em comum quanto bem diferentes entre si. Assim, o comércio associa-se à arte, ao design, à moda, à história, ao lugar e à identidade, constituindo-se também como uma demonstração a visões que negam ou excluem esta atividade como também sendo legitimamente cultural.It is noticeable the contemporary tendency of the multifunctionality of an object and the space. The latter unfolds and deconstructs into inter or not related environments, aggregating functions in the same place. If the most obvious place to find art and history is in a gallery or in a museum, it is quite strange that commercial establishments are able to act in this artistic-cultural activity. In this case, it is almost immediate thinking about this action as one that could be defectively performed or that some kind of profit could be strongly involved. However, there are exceptions; they are places where not only the object must be touched, be felt, be experienced as in the contemporary installations art but also the ticket for them is always free. Like in galleries and museums, the exhibition of the object is primordial, being able to take part in a original and well preserved scenery, reconstructed or almost theatrical, where the aesthetic reception is also based upon a combination of information and interactions with the spectator. When the architecture of the place is remarkable too, especially if it is under governmental trust as a historic or artistic heritage (or it has great possibilities), considering only one performed activity in this spot is almost impossible when there is a combination of them. The relations and fusions among commercial establishments with some museological resources and techniques - by the expansions such as shop-museum, museum shop, shop-gallery, are objects of this research, which attempts not only reflecting about the scope of cultural places but also about the identity of a city, observing the local trade. The option for different ways of research textual, iconographic and of field was fundamental for the confirmation of the commerce as a form of culture, observing that the three case studies, all localized in the City of São Paulo, also enable to verify the necessity of selection for the explanation about this occurrence, as well as the description about the cultural scope of practices both in common and unlike each other. Thus, there are associations between commerce and art, design, fashion, history, place and identity, constituting oneself also as a demonstration to visions which deny or exclude this activity as a legitimately cultural one too.
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Farine, Mark. "Building Durable Missions Through Cultural Exchange: Language, Religion, and Trade on the Frontier Missions of Paraguay." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35942.
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This thesis explores the cultural interactions between the Jesuit missionaries and the Guaraní indigenous peoples in the missions of Paraguay from 1609 to 1767. A particular attention is given to the missions’ formative years in which both groups refined their cultural strategies.
Specifically, this thesis will explore the collaboration between the two groups and the cultural concessions made by both sides for the project to succeed. While missions are used as an area of evangelization by the Orders that operate them, involvement with the Jesuits allowed the Guaraní to avoid interactions with other settlers and colonial authorities. By agreeing to convert, they gained the protection of the Jesuits. However, they consistently threatened to leave or to refuse work if their protectors took away their most treasured cultural elements: their divine language and their use of sacred herbs like yerba mate.
Furthermore, this thesis delves into power relations in the forgotten frontier. An inconsequential source of income for the Spanish Crown, the Province of Paraguay’s main importance was a presence in the buffer zone next to the Portuguese Empire in Brazil. Actors in this frontier─including the Guaraní and the Jesuits─were granted more autonomy and were able to interact with very little royal interference, resulting in an organic cultural exchange between the groups.
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Gunter, Madeleine Ailsworth. "Dealing in Metaphors: Exploring the Materiality of Trade on Virginia's Seventeenth Century Eastern Siouan Frontier." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626752.
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El, Said Ghada Refaat. "Cultural effect on electronic consumer behaviour." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/412.
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The ubiquitous nature of e-commerce demands an innovative conceptualization of consumer behaviour that responds to various cultural preferences. Culture has been identified as an underlying determinant of consumer behaviour, and this extends to ecommerce. This research investigates this phenomenon for the Egyptian consumer. This research designed a plausible, integrated framework for investigating the target phenomenon, especially for un-explored cultures. To help to identify salient components of the phenomenon, a three-study exploratory phase, that included: interviews, a survey, and card sorting sessions, was undertaken. The exploratory results highlighted the roles of trust, uncertainty avoidance, Internet store familiarity, and reputation as the main salient factors affecting the perception of the targeted group toward e-commerce. The research hypotheses were then developed based on the exploratory results. Finally, a model testing phase to empirically assess the research hypotheses through a laboratory experiential survey with 370 Egyptian Internet users was undertaken. The experiential survey results support the significant role of the Internet store’s perceived familiarity and reputation as the main antecedents of online trust. The relationship between trust and its two antecedents are found to be culturally sensitive; the high uncertainty avoidance of the consumer is found to be associated with a stronger effect of the store’s reputation on trust, and a stronger effect of store’s familiarity on trust. The research also highlights the significant effect of trust on the attitude towards and the willingness to buy from an e-commerce site. This research, by providing an understanding of the cultural drivers of e-commerce, contributes to building a theory of consumer’s cultural trust within an Internet store context. The research reports on the development of an integrated cultural trust model that highlights recommendations for expanding the adoption of e-commerce. The systematic research framework, introduced by this research, can be a robust starting point for further related work in this area.
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Microys, Rion Renee. "Trade Networks and Artifact Analysis: A Comparison of Elite Households 1780-1810." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625867.
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Smith, Julie K. "The everyday life of food : the cultural economy of the traditional food market in England." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2011. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3261/.
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Rapid transformation in the food retail supply system, accompanied by rational economic efficiency, has marginalized the role that traditional markets play in the UK food distribution system. Yet these markets survive, some even thrive, implying that traditional food markets cannot be defined simply in terms of their distribution function. Traditional food markets are part of the surrounding food retail environment and whether they survive or thrive is dependent on wider economic and societal dynamics and change. This thesis links the micro-level activities of traditional food market exchange with how food systems, power structures and consumption practices interact and transform each other over time and space at the macro-level. The research provides the first detailed assessment of traditional food markets in England and examines their contemporary role in fresh food provisioning. The thesis proposes a cultural economy framework that examines how food retail restructuring and changing patterns of fresh food consumption have affected the internal and external spaces and places that support the everyday economic processes and cultural practices of traditional food market exchange. The research employs a mixed methods approach with three inter-related phases. First, the construction of a database of UK food markets identified 1,124 traditional food markets operating in the UK and the empirical analysis, using geo-coded data and more detailed location quotient (LQ) analysis, mapped the geographies and concentrations of traditional food markets and their links with wholesale markets and farmers' markets. Second, data drawn from an email questionnaire survey with traditional food market managers examined the effects of retail restructuring and changing fresh food shopping habits on these markets. In the third and final phase, detailed analysis from case study research in two contrasting traditional food markets, in the North East and Eastern regions of England, examined how the market as place significantly shapes the distributive processes and practices of buying and selling that transform fresh food into the `market product', and also explored the reciprocal relations between the economic and the cultural and between value(s) and exchange. The research findings provide new insights into the traditional food retail sector. The database and email survey analysis reveal how market geographies have been affected by regulatory, economic and cultural change and demonstrate how market and place are entwined in a relationship that has adapted to retail restructuring and changes in fresh food provisioning. Detailed case study analysis reveals how traditional markets are intimately linked with the regions and cities where they are located and how different geographies, histories and approaches to food and farming have moulded the relationship between market and fresh food over time. Although the overall economic value of fresh food sold on traditional markets is reduced in real terms, its symbolic value as `the market product' is not. Historically and culturally, the traditional market may be considered part of a `traditional' food system that aimed to provide fresh and affordable food to all, but the contemporary market is a different place. The findings reveal a marketplace frequently articulated through parallel fresh food trading and shopping experiences at the supermarket and the farmers' market and informed by practical and local knowledge systems. Knowledge systems help define food-provisioning expertise in the traditional food system and the value put on fresh produce depends on both economic and less tangible factors bound up with cultural and moral understandings. How fresh food is assigned monetary, social and symbolic value by market actors' everyday practices demonstrates a `sliding scale' of moral and monetised values as fresh food takes on cultural form The value(s) assigned to fresh food traded on the market fundamentally shape how it performs in the contemporary context and ultimately determine whether its role in fresh food provisioning declines, survives or thrives.
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Steen, Carl R. "The Inter-Colonial Trade of Domestic Earthenwares and the Development of an American Social Identity." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625495.
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Li, Yan Ting. "Seeking the balance between trade liberalization and cultural diversity in the framework of WTO and UNESCO :some suggestions to China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580115.
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Howard, James Alexander. "Coral reef fish and the aquarium trade : ecological impacts and socio-cultural influences in southern Sri Lanka." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6947/.
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The chronic degradation of coral reefs globally and its negative impact on coastal communities such as those in southern Sri Lanka dependent on the marine ornamental trade for their livelihood forms the focus of this study. Attempts to improve the conservation status of Sri Lanka's coral reefs and their associated fauna have failed because they omit to address the social circumstances of local people. Such social-ecological systems require an integrated approach, which provides holistic reasons for the degradation of natural ecosystems and livelihoods of coastal people. The aim of this study was therefore to ascertain the current sustainability of the marine ornamental trade in southern Sri Lanka through an interdisciplinary study employing a participatory bottom-up approach, and derive from findings alternative pathways to restore and maintain the health of the reef and thus provide better livelihoods for the fishing communities. Findings confirm both the fragile state of nearshore coral reefs, their fish populations and the precarious nature of local communities’ livelihoods. Historical and recent environmental and anthropogenic impacts reduced resilience in all trade sectors and current fishing practices and the unjust supply chain compound these effects. Therefore, a holistic co-management framework is recommended that recognises local ecological knowledge and involves fishing communities as citizen scientists to improve monitoring and also provides communication channels to facilitate interaction within and across all groups of the ornamental trade. In this way, all actors are involved in making decisions and taking responsibility for the management of the supply chain at their particular level. This single, coherent framework would thus employ diverse groups and ways of doing as a resilience strategy to halt the degradation and reinvigorate the reef for more sustainable utilisation whilst simultaneously developing highly acceptable alternative income generating livelihoods, such as the community-based aquaculture experiment undertaken during this study.
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Underwood, John Robert. "Chickasaw Material Culture and the Deerskin Trade: An Analysis of Two Eighteenth Century Chickasaw Sites in Northeast Mississippi." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624387.
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Khamis, Susie. "Bushells and the cultural logic of branding." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/70732.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Dept. of Media, 2007.Bibliography: leaves 281-305.
Introduction -- Advertising, branding & consumerism: a literature survey -- Methodology: from Barthes to Bushells -- A taste for tea: how tea travelled to and through Australian culture -- Class in a tea cup -- A tale of two brands -- Thrift, sacrifice and the happy housewife -- 'He likes coffee SHE likes tea' -- 'Is it as good?': Bushells beyond Australia -- 'The one thing we all agree on' -- Conclusion.
Since its introduction in 1883, the Bushells brand of tea has become increasingly identified with Australia's national identity. Like Arnott's, QANTAS and Vegemite, Bushells has become a part of the nation's cultural vocabulary, a treasured store of memories and myths. This thesis investigates how Bushells acquired this status, and the transformation by which an otherwise everyday item evolved from the ordinary to the iconic. In short, through Bushells, I will demonstrate the cultural logic of branding. -- Bushells is ideally suited for an historical analysis of branding in Australia. Firstly, tea has been a staple of the Australian diet since the time of the First Fleet. So, it proves a fitting example of consumer processes since the early days of White settlement. From this, I will consider the rise of an environment sensitive to status, and therefore conducive to branding. In the late nineteenth century, Bushells was challenged to appeal to the burgeoning corps of middle class consumers. To this end, the brand integrated those ideals and associations that turned its tea into one that flattered a certain sensibility. Secondly, having established its affinity with a particular market group, the middle class, Bushells was well positioned to track, acknowledge and incorporate some of the most dominant trends of the twentiethcentury; specifically, the rise of a particular suburban ideal in the 1950s, and changing conceptions of gender, labour and technology. Finally, in the last two decades, Bushells has had to concede decisive shifts in fashion and taste; as Australia's population changed, so too did tea's place and prominence in the market. This thesis thus canvasses all these issues, chronologically and thematically. To do this, I will contextualise Bushells' advertisements in terms of the contemporary conditions that both informed their content, and underpinned their appeal. -- Considering the breadth and depth of this analysis, I argue that in the case of Bushells there is a cultural logic to branding. As brands strive for relevance, they become screens off which major societal processes can be identified and examined. As such, I will show that, in its address to consumers, Bushells broached some of the most significant discourses in Australia's cultural history.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
v, 305 leaves ill
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Wickramasinghe, D. W. Ananada. "A cultural political economy of business strategy in a developing country context : the case of the Sri Lankan tea industry /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18070.pdf.
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Fisher, Joshua B. 1981. "No alternative: Participation, inequality, and the meanings of fair trade in Nicaragua." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10573.
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xvi, 411 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation research takes an ethnographic perspective on competing notions of "fairness" in the first vertically-integrated garment production chain in the world that is certified as fair trade. In sharp contrast to the straightforward images of social justice that are so common on the consumer end of fair trade, the dissertation demonstrates that relations of fair trade production, distribution, and consumption are complicated by ideological disjunctures, by different experiences of work and labor, by unequal access to capital and political opportunity, by asymmetrical power, and ultimately by disparate concepts of economic justice. Organized as a commodity chain analysis, this dissertation is based on sixteen months of multi-sited, ethnographic research in Nicaragua, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), with four separate fair trade organizations: a faith-based NGO from North Carolina called the Center for Sustainable Development, a well-known Michigan-based fair trade retailer called Clean Clothes Organics, and two Nicaraguan producer organizations, including a women's industrial sewing cooperative (The Fair Trade Zone, which is the first worker-owned organization in the world to gain free trade zone customs certification), and an industrial cotton spinning plant called Genesis. The research shows that, from the standpoint of production and distribution, conflicts frequently emerge over the terms, conditions, and meanings of labor, business contracts, extra-contractual relations, participation in decision-making, and the definition of roles. Producers, moreover, often have no alternative but to accept the terms of more powerful groups under duress of poverty. Theoretically speaking, this dissertation contributes to an understanding of alternative economic formations, including fair trade and cooperatives. In this vein, I argue that the idea of fair trade as an "alternative" to conventional trade is a problematic rhetorical move that tends to obscure the fact that all aspects of trade--production, distribution, and consumption--are not only inherently political, they are also riven with the complications of mediating between disparate cultural meanings, social positionalities, and political, economic, and social inequality. I recommend revisioning the relationship between the economy, the state, and various spheres of society in light of the insights of substantivist economics, feminist political economy, and ethnography.
Committee in charge: Lynn Stephen, Chairperson, Anthropology; Philip Scher, Member, Anthropology; Aletta Biersack, Member, Anthropology; Lise Nelson, Outside Member, Geography
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Frank, Jonas [Verfasser], and Benjamin [Akademischer Betreuer] Jung. "The trade effects of cultural distance and economic sanctions : a structural gravity approach / Jonas Frank ; Betreuer: Benjamin Jung." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171307594/34.
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Holmqvist, Emanuelsson Gustaf. "Understanding Netflix’s establishment in Sweden : A study on how Swedish trade press and cultural journalism build up Netflix as powerful with regards to economic and cultural aspects." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183189.
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This thesis expands an understanding of how Netflix has been established in Sweden’s media landscape. It seeks to investigate what effect the press has had, and more specifically, the study explores how the press builds up Netflix as powerful and how it imbues Netflix with legitimacy. Methodologically the thesis starts off with a usage of purposive sampling in order to find articles. The material is further handled with a critical discourse analysis, where writers’ language is explored, along with an investigation into how the world is represented with regards to identities, relationships and sociocultural aspects. Analysed articles with an economic focus come from Dagens Industri and those with cultural focus comes from Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. Moreover, the study is based on theories and earlier studies within political economy, with a pursuit to understand film and television industry; trade press, to interpret the economic articles; cultural journalism, to interpret the cultural articles from; and power, to distinguished different power aspects in Netflix. The analysis comes in two parts: the economic analysis, which is divided in three ways and a two-folded cultural analysis. When it comes to economic legitimacy, two major aspects are prominent: Netflix’s success in competition against other streaming services and a clear establishment on the global market. Some articles have also given reasons to understand Netflix’s situation as ambiguous, meaning its future is uncertain. With regards to cultural legitimacy, the question of quality is significant, along with a connection to other social contexts such as gender, politics and climate. Netflix is perceived as having a societal responsibility. As a result of this thesis, it can be noted that cultural articles tend to be more critical than economic. Cultural journalists appear to cover the subject with a more open approach, using personal opinions, often suggesting what Netflix can improve. Writers of economic articles demonstrate a stricter portrayal of Netflix, mainly focusing on developments and success.
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Gülstorff, Torben. "Trade follows Hallstein?" Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17628.
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Die deutsche Außenpolitik zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges stellt in historischer wie politikwissenschaftlicher Hinsicht einen Gegenstand dar, der mit gutem Gewissen als wissenschaftlich erschlossen bezeichnet werden kann. Zahlreiche Aufsätze, Artikel und Bücher sind in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten erschienen, welche die deutsche Außenpolitik in Europa, Afrika, Asien, Ozeanien, Amerika, oder auch gleich der Welt als Ganzem, in den Blick genommen haben. Dies gilt sowohl für die Außenpolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland als auch für diejenige der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Früh – wenn nicht sogar von Beginn an – kam hierbei eine zentrale These, eine Kernthese, zum Vorschein, die, ohne auf Widerstand zu stoßen, Eingang in den historischen und politikwissenschaftlichen Forschungskanon fand und ihn bereits nach kurzer Zeit zu dominieren begann. Die Rede ist von der die deutschen Auslandsaktivitäten angeblich bestimmenden Hallstein-Doktrin und dem mit ihr in engem Zusammenhang stehenden deutsch-deutschen Gegensatz. In dieser Arbeit wird dieser Kernthese, diesem ''Mythos'' der deutschen Außenpolitik, vehement widersprochen. Weder die Hallstein-Doktrin, noch der deutsch-deutsche Gegensatz, sondern nationale ökonomische und internationale geostrategische Interessen haben die deutsche Außenpolitik – und darüber hinaus auch die gesamten deutschen Auslandsaktivitäten, der BRD wie der DDR – maßgeblich bestimmt. Zur Stützung dieser Gegenthese werden in der vorliegenden Studie die staatlichen, wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Aktivitäten West- und Ostdeutschlands in neun zentralafrikanischen Staaten zwischen 1945 und 1975 kritisch dargelegt, umfassend analysiert und im Hinblick auf mehrere zentrale Thesen zu den deutschen Auslandsaktivitäten ausgewertet.For decades articles and books have been published on the history of German foreign policy during Cold War. Regardless of whether Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, America or the world as a whole, the foreign affairs of the Western Federal Republic of Germany and the Eastern German Democratic Republic have been researched and analysed in context of a broad variety of locations. However, even though the list of publications continues to grow, the topic''s theses–especially its main thesis–do not show much progress. Already at an early stage, a central thesis–a core thesis–came to light, met no resistance and entered history''s and political science''s research canons on German foreign policy. This thesis reads: Inner German issues and the non-solved German question were so powerful, they dominated West and East German foreign affairs nearly right from the start. German foreign policy, that was the so-called Hallstein doctrine, that was the so-called German-German contradiction. And all studies–whether of history or political science, whether designed as a case study or as a global approach–confirm this thesis, use it as an integral part of their work–until today. But be that as it may. This study contradicts this thesis, this ''myth'' of German foreign policy. Instead it argues that neither the Hallstein doctrine nor the German-German contradiction, but national economic and international geostrategic interests dominated German foreign policy and German foreign activities–regarding the FRG, the GDR, and Germany as a whole. To proof this thesis, West and East German activities–of the two states, their economies and their societies–in nine Central African states between 1945 and 1975 are observed and analysed. More than a million file pages out of more than a dozen German archives were read to tackle this task–and shed some refreshing new light on the foreign policies of the two German states during Cold War.
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Tamm, Peter L. "Mundane yet miraculous: cultural elements in the rise of modern economy (an analysis of the protectionist/free trade controversy in the United States)." Thesis, Boston University, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32876.
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Thesis (B.A.)--Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-01
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Pydyn, Andrzej. "Exchange and cultural interactions : a study of long-distance trade and cross-cultural contacts in the late Bronze Age and early iron Age in Central and Eastern Europe /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37199814f.
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Jones, Sarah Leigh. ""A grand and ceaseless thoroughfare" the social and cultural experience of shopping on Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 1820-1860 /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 195 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654490041&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lewis, Lance Kwesi. "Khepra : cultural developmental group-work; an evaluation; effective ways of working with school pupils of Afrikan descent." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390782.
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Bailey, Lucy A. "The village shop and rural life in nineteenth-century England : cultural representations and lived experience." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2015. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8824/.
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Despite consumption and retailing having grown to form a meta-narrative in historical enquiry, the village shop has largely escaped attention. Remarkably little is known about the long-term development of rural services, particularly shops, which are often ignored as marginal and undynamic. Moreover, whilst their recent decline has highlighted their perceived importance to the vitality of village life, the extent to which this is based on a romanticised or historically myopic image is unclear. This thesis seeks to rectify this lacuna by critically assessing the real and imagined role of the shop and shopkeeper within village life during the nineteenth century, in terms of supplying goods and services, integrating and representing community as a place and a network of people, and projecting images of the rural into the wider national consciousness. It adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach and offers an integrated analysis of a wide range of visual, literary and historical sources: from paintings and serialised stories to account books and trade directories. Central to the argument is a sustained interrogation of the shifting historic construction of the village shop and its keeper, from exploitative and anti-rural to the epitome of a nostalgic and sentimentalised view of England’s rural communities. This is compared to the lived experience, as established from the historical record, quantitative analysis conducted at both village and county level. This synthetic approach has required the amalgamation of multiple perspectives: writer and artist; reader and consumer; observer and participant; patron and critic; shopkeeper, customer and villager. The thesis inputs into debates relating to the commercial history and cultural understanding of rural communities, the findings broadening our understanding of the history of rural retailers and the communities they served, shedding light on rural consumption and how changing attitudes to retailing, rural communities and the countryside were developing. It also contributes to other key areas of research including the notion of community (places and networks) and cultural representations of people, place, space and everyday life.
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Paula, Tauana Macedo de. "A economia criativa analisada na produção do Souvenir gastronômico : um estudo sob o viés cultural." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1293.
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A Economia Criativa é uma área de estudo que vem para agregar valores, simbólico e comercial, a produtos e serviços que tenham por base a criatividade, a inovação e a cultura endógena. Analisando as teorias do Ministério da Cultura, foi possível identificar algumas variáveis relacionadas à Economia Criativa: a social, a econômica, a ambiental, a cultural e a inovação. Dessas, a cultural foi aplicada nesta pesquisa mais especificadamente na produção do souvenir gastronômico. No Turismo, um dos produtos que pode ser elaborado de acordo com o modelo da Economia Criativa é o souvenir gastronômico. Esse elemento turístico, através de seu saber-fazer, transmite a cultura local ao turista, fazendo com que o mesmo se recorde dos momentos vividos na viagem e, também, divulgue a destinação turística, quando utilizado para presentear. Dessa forma, esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal identificar de que forma ocorre a relação da variável cultural, segundo os princípios norteadores da Economia Criativa brasileira, na produção do souvenir gastronômico presente na estação do passeio de trem “Maria Fumaça”/Bento Gonçalves-RS. Para tanto, a metodologia desta pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser exploratória quanto aos seus objetivos; nos procedimentos técnicos predomina o modelo estudo de caso; quanto à abordagem da questão de pesquisa, considera-se um estudo qualitativo; já a coleta de dados foi realizada através de uma entrevista semiestruturada; por fim, os dados foram analisados através do método de triangulação. Constatou-se, então, que a relação da cultura na produção do souvenir gastronômico acontece em diversas etapas da elaboração dessa iguaria. Observa-se sua presença na utilização de ingredientes regionais; na participação do empreendimento em manifestações culturais locais; no resgate do saber-fazer dos antepassados; na preferência por fornecedores da região; na divulgação do local através dos rótulos e das embalagens dos produtos, entre outras situações. Assim, conclui-se que a utilização da cultura local, na elaboração do souvenir gastronômico, propicia impactos positivos na região por meio da elaboração de produtos com maior valor simbólico agregado. Esses impactos podem ser notados na esfera cultural por meio da proteção, valorização e promoção da cultura local; na social com a geração de emprego e renda; na econômica com a constituição de divisas para a região e, na ambiental, com a pouca geração de poluição, por exemplo.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-08-23T18:54:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Tauana Macedo de Paula.pdf: 1440527 bytes, checksum: 12fa2a77a1b7d3e1116fa28859f41c25 (MD5)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES.
Creative Economy is a study area that aggregates symbolic and commercial value to products and services which are based on creativity, innovation and endogenous culture. Analyzing the Ministry of Culture’s theories, it was possible to identify some related variables at Creative Economy: social, economic, environmental, cultural and innovation. From these, cultural was applied in this research, specifically in the gastronomic souvenir production. In Tourism, one of the products that may be prepared in accordance with Creative Economy standard is the gastronomic souvenir. That touristic element, through its know-how, transmits the local culture to tourists, making as that it recalls of the experienced moments on the trip and also discloses the touristic destination, when it is used for gifting. Thus, this dissertation aims to identify how it takes place the cultural variable description, according to the Brazilian Creative Economy’s guiding principles in the production of gastronomic souvenir present on the “Smoke Mary” (Bento Gonçalves – RS) train tour. Therefore, the methodology of this research makes oneself up as exploratory as much as their objectives; in the technical procedures predominates the case study model; on the research question approach it regards oneself as a qualitative study; the data collection was carried out through of a semi-structured interview; a last, the data were analyzed using the triangulation method. After that, it was verified that the culture description in the gastronomic souvenir production happens in various stages of the preparation of that delicacy. It observes itself presence in use of regional ingredients; in undertaking participation in local cultural events; in forefathers’ know-how ransom; in preference for region suppliers; in local disclosure through the products package and labels, among other situations. Thus, it follows that the local culture use in gastronomic souvenir preparation, it propitiates the region positive impacts, in products with higher added symbolic value. Those impacts may be noted in cultural sphere through the protection, valorization and culture local promotion; in social with the income and employment generation; in economical with the exchange value constitution for the region and in environmental with the little pollution generation, for example.