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1
NAWA, Kotaro. "Two cultures, or S1 culture and S2 culture." Journal of Information Processing and Management 46, no. 7 (2003): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.46.475.
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Vesso, Signe, and Ruth Alas. "Characteristics of a coaching culture in leadership style: the leader’s impact on culture." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 2 (2016): 306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(2-2).2016.06.
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This article develops a theoretical framework for coaching-related issues, and two models are described. The first is the “Coaching Culture Characteristics in Leadership Style” model (3C model), which evaluates the characteristics of a coaching culture in the leadership style of organizations. The second model “Leader’s Impact on Culture” (LIC model) describes how the impact of leaders, relationship orientation in teams and task/change orientation are interconnected. In order to study the characteristics of a coaching culture in leadership style and the leader’s impact on culture, the authors conducted an empirical survey in 2015. Results indicate that most Estonian companies are in phase two of the 3C model. According to the survey results, the most important development areas for Estonian leaders are leader trustworthiness and behavior towards team members
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Lafer, Stephan, and Bulent Tarman. "Editorial 2019: (2)1, Special Issue." Journal of Culture and Values in Education 2, no. 1 (2019): i—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/jcve.02.01.ed.
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Culture is a phenomenon that is a potent force in the lives of human beings and many believe that respect for a person’s culture is essential to respecting the person. The adverse, that to disrespect a person’s culture is to disrespect the person, gives rise to an important concern that is to be considered in this edition. Because culture does influence character and is a force in shaping character, honest critique of culture and cultures is too often avoided for concern for the personal offense such might cause. Out of what is said to be the respect for individuals who are culture bound and sensitive about their culture, honest criticism of culture is pursued with overabundance of caution.
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Blaise, Pierre, and Vincent de Coorebyter. "Immigration et culture (2)." Courrier hebdomadaire du CRISP 1187-1188, no. 2 (1988): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cris.1187.0001.
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Stefan, Melanie. "Culture shocks." Nature 467, no. 7314 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nj7314-2.
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Tanatova, D. K. "Internet As a Culture and Culture on the Internet." Contemporary problems of social work 2, no. 3 (7) (2016): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2016-2-3-99-105.
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Fornä:s, Johan, Martin Fredriksson, and Jenny Johannisson. "Culture Unbound Vol. 2 Editorial." Culture Unbound 2, no. 1 (2010): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.10215.
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Contramaestre, A. P., F. Sifontes, R. Marín, and M. I. Camejo. "Secretion of stem cell factor and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor by mouse embryos in culture: influence of group culture." Zygote 16, no. 4 (2008): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199408004760.
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SummaryPrevious studies showed that the addition of a growth factor to the culture medium could modulate embryo development. The possible secretion of different factors to the culture medium by the embryo itself, however, has been poorly evaluated. The present study was designed to investigate: (1) the influence of single or group culture on the development of 2-cell mouse embryos (strain CD-1) to the blastocyst stage; (2) the release of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) into the culture medium by the embryo; and (3) the levels of GM-CSF and SCF in the culture medium from both single and group embryos. Two-cell CD-1 mouse embryos were cultured for 96 h singly or in groups of five embryos per drop. GM-CSF and SCF were assayed by ELISA in the complete culture medium. It was found that embryos cultured in groups gave a higher percentage of total blastocyst formation and hatched blastocyst when compared with single embryo culture. The mouse embryos secreted GM-CSF and SCF to the culture medium. The concentration of these cytokines is significantly higher in the group cultures than the level found in single cultures. In conclusion, mouse embryos in culture secrete GM-CSF and SCF to the culture medium and the concentration of these cytokines increases during communal culture. These factors may be operating in both autocrine and paracrine pathways to modulate embryo development during in vitro culture.
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Stokes, Rebecca A., Michelle C. Coleman, Artem S. Rogovskyy, Vanna M. Dickerson, and Kelley M. Thieman Mankin. "Comparison of bacteriologic culture results for skin wound swabs and skin wound biopsy specimens." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 259, no. 12 (2021): 1416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.20.10.0568.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare bacteriologic culture results for superficial swab and tissue biopsy specimens obtained from dogs with open skin wounds. ANIMALS 52 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES For each dog, 1 wound underwent routine preparation prior to collection of 2 specimens, 1 by superficial swab (Levine) technique and 1 by tissue biopsy. Specimens were processed for bacteriologic culture. Two observers determined whether any detected difference in culture results for the 2 types of specimen would have resulted in differing treatment plans. RESULTS Culture results of swab and tissue biopsy specimens were identical in 11/52 (21.2%) cases. Tissue biopsy specimen and swab cultures yielded positive results for 44 (84.6%) and 40 (76.9%) wounds, respectively. With regard to mean recovery rates of bacteria from wounds with positive culture results, both the biopsy specimens and swabs yielded 3.4 bacterial species/wound. All wounds for which swab cultures yielded no growth also had negative culture results for biopsy specimens. Biopsy specimen and swab culture results were in agreement with regard to the most common bacteria cultured. In 7/52 (13%) wounds, the observers would have treated the patient differently on the basis of the results of the 2 cultures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that culture of a swab collected by the Levine technique is an appropriate noninvasive alternative to culture of a tissue biopsy specimen. A negative result obtained from culture of a swab is likely to be reliable. Disagreement between the results of swab and tissue biopsy specimen cultures is likely of low clinical importance.
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Jeong, Yun Yeong, Mi Sun Kim, Ko Eun Lee, et al. "Comparison of 2- and 3-Dimensional Cultured Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells; a Pilot Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031083.
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This study compared the characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured using 3-dimensional (3D) versus conventional 2-dimensional (2D) methods. PDLSCs were cultured in either a 3D culture with a non-adhesive culture plate (Stemfit 3D®) or a conventional 2D culture using a 6-well plate. Morphology, viability, proliferation ability, and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed to characterize the differences induced in identical PDLSCs by 3D and 2D culture environments. In addition, gene expression was analyzed using RNA sequencing to further characterize the functional differences. The diameter and the viability of the 3D-cultured PDLSCs decreased over time, but the shape of the spheroid was maintained for 20 days. Although osteogenic differentiation occurred in both the 2D- and 3D-cultured PDLSCs, compared to the control group it was 20.8 and 1.6 higher in the 3D- and 2D-cultured cells, respectively. RNA sequencing revealed that PDLSCs cultured using 2D and 3D methods have different gene expression profiles. The viability of the 3D-cultured cells was decreased, but they showed superior osteogenic differentiation compared to 2D-cultured cells. Within the limitations of this study, the results demonstrate that the structure and function of PDLSCs are influenced by the cell culture method.
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Kirshner, N., J. J. Corcoran, and H. P. Erickson. "Synthesis of alpha 2-macroglobulin by bovine adrenal cortical cell cultures." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, no. 4 (1989): C779—C785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.4.c779.
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Primary cultures of bovine adrenal medullary cells synthesize and secrete a high-molecular-weight protein into the culture medium. The protein was purified from the serum-free medium of cultured cells and was identified as alpha 2-macroglobulin by gel electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity, electron microscopy, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion, and autoradiography. Antisera directed against the protein were prepared and used to determine the cell types that synthesize the protein. Immunohistofluorescence studies show that adrenal cortical cells present in the adrenal medullary cell cultures reacted with the antisera to the protein purified from the medium, but adrenal medullary chromaffin cells did not. Cell cultures prepared from bovine adrenal cortex also synthesize and secrete alpha 2-macroglobulin and react with the antisera.
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Eglen, Richard M., and Terry Reisine. "Human iPS Cell-Derived Patient Tissues and 3D Cell Culture Part 2: Spheroids, Organoids, and Disease Modeling." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 24, no. 1 (2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630318803275.
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Human induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs) provide several advantages for drug discovery, but principally they provide a source of clinically relevant tissue. Furthermore, the use of HiPSCs cultured in three-dimensional (3D) systems, as opposed to traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture approaches, better represents the complex tissue architecture in vivo. The use of HiPSCs in 3D spheroid and organoid culture is now growing, but particularly when using myocardial, intestinal enteric nervous system, and retinal cell lines. However, organoid cell culture is perhaps making the most notable impact in research and drug discovery, in which 3D neuronal cell cultures allow direct modeling of cortical cell layering and neuronal circuit activity. Given the specific degeneration seen in discrete neuronal circuitry in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), HiPSC culture systems are proving to be a major advance. In the present review, the second part of a two-part review, we discuss novel methods in which 3D cell culture systems (principally organoids) are now being used to provide insights into disease mechanisms. (The use of HiPSCs in target identification was reviewed in detail in Part 1.)
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Ceresa, Claudia C., Alan J. Knox, and Simon R. Johnson. "Use of a three-dimensional cell culture model to study airway smooth muscle-mast cell interactions in airway remodeling." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 296, no. 6 (2009): L1059—L1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.90445.2008.
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Increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and infiltration by mast cells are key features of airway remodeling in asthma. We describe a model to investigate the relationship between ASM, the extracellular matrix, mast cells, and airway remodeling. ASM cells were cultured in a three-dimensional (3-D) collagen I gel (3-D culture) alone or with mast cells. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting of ASM in 3-D cultures revealed a spindle-shaped morphology and significantly lower α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin expression than in ASM cultured in monolayers on collagen type I or plastic (2-D culture). In 3-D cultures, basal ASM proliferation, examined by Ki67 immunocytochemistry, was reduced to 33 ± 7% ( P < 0.05) of that in 2-D cultures. The presence of mast cells in cocultures increased ASM proliferation by 1.8-fold ( P < 0.05). Gelatin zymography revealed more active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in 3-D than in 2-D culture supernatants over 7 days. Functional MMP activity was examined by gel contraction. The spontaneous gel contraction over 7 days was significantly inhibited by the MMP inhibitor ilomastat. Mast cell coculture enhanced ASM gel contraction by 22 ± 16% (not significant). Our model shows that ASM has different morphology, with lower contractile protein expression and basal proliferation in 3-D culture. Compared with standard techniques, ASM synthetic function, as shown by MMP production and activity, is sustained over longer periods. The presence of mast cells in the 3-D model enhanced ASM proliferation and MMP production. Airway remodeling in asthma may be more accurately modeled by our system than by standard culture systems.
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Natoli, Manuela, Bruno D. Leoni, Igea D’Agnano, Flavia Zucco, and Armando Felsani. "Good Caco-2 cell culture practices." Toxicology in Vitro 26, no. 8 (2012): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2012.03.009.
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Garcia, Eugene E. "Chapter 2: Language, Culture, and Education." Review of Research in Education 19, no. 1 (1993): 51–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0091732x019001051.
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Houvenaghel, E. Helena, Luisa García-Manso, Monica Jansen, and Maria Bonaria Urban. "Introduction (Part 2: Politics and Culture)." Romance Studies 38, no. 4 (2020): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02639904.2020.1859786.
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Wagner, R. D., E. S. Krul, J. B. Moberly, D. H. Alpers, and G. Schonfeld. "Apolipoprotein expression and cellular differentiation in Caco-2 intestinal cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 263, no. 2 (1992): E374—E382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.2.e374.
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Caco-2 cells, cultured for 18 days on porous filter supports and conventional plastic culture dishes, were used to study the effects of cellular differentiation on the expression of apolipoprotein (apo) genes. Media of filter-grown cells accumulated more apo B as apo B-48 and contained three times the amount of edited apo B mRNA compared with plastic-grown cells. The accumulation of apo A-I by media of plastic-grown cells was higher than accumulation by filter-grown cells, despite similar concentrations of apo A-I mRNA. The apo A-IV was detectable in the culture media earlier with filter-grown cells compared with plastic-grown cells, despite similar apo A-IV mRNA concentrations. Plastic-grown cells contained more apo E mRNA, and their media accumulated more apo E than filter-grown cells. With the exception of apo A-I, apo gene expression changed with Caco-2 cell differentiation to resemble more closely the patterns seen in adult enterocytes. There were no effects or minimal effects of added retinoic acid, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], or thyroid hormone on apo accumulation in media of filter-grown cultures of Caco-2 cells. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 and thyroid hormone increased apo B, apo A-IV, and apo A-I mRNA concentrations, retinoic acid increased apo B mRNA concentrations alone, and all three reduced apo E mRNA concentrations. Ratios of edited to unedited apo B mRNA were unaffected. In conclusion, culture substratum importantly influences Caco-2 cell differentiation. Soluble factors that influence cellular differentiation may affect apo gene expression over and above effects mediated by the culture substratum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Borzenok, S. A., B. E. Malyugin, D. S. Ostrovskiy, et al. "Survival of the posterior lamellar cornea graft keratocytes and endothelial cells cultivated in the modified corneal preservation media." Fyodorov journal of ophthalmic surgery, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/0235-4160-2021-2-32-39.
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Purpose. To study the survival of keratocytes and endothelial cells of a human donor cornea storage in the standard and the new media which was specifically designed for optimized cornea hydration. Material and methods. 2D cell cultures of keratocytes and endothelial cells obtained from the Eye tissue bank were used for culture in improved storage media over a period of 14 and 7 days subsequently. To confirm phenotype characteristics, the cells were stained by the following markers: for keratocytes – Lumikan, Keratocan, and α-smooth muscle actin; for endothelial cells – ZO-1 and Na/K-ATPase. The onset of apoptosis in cell culture of keratocytes were detected with Cytochrome C, BAX, and Caspase 3 and 8. Viability of cell cultures after the cultivation was carried out using a commercial set of "Live and Dead". Morphology of the endothelial cells was assessed using an electron scanning microscope. Results. It was shown that the 2D keratocyte culture cultured in the improved storage media expressed specific markers: Lumican, Keratocan, and did not express α-smooth muscle actin. There were no markers of apoptosis in the cell culture of keratocytes after 14 days of cultivation. Corneal endothelium cultured in the improved storage media expresses ZO-1, Na/K-ATPase and presented hexagonal cell shape morphology according to electron microscopy. Conclusion. The improved storage media allow to preserve the unique phenotype of keratocytes, with a slight decrease in proliferative cells activity during 14 days. The media maintain a viable and functional corneal endothelium for at least seven days of cultivation. Key words: cell culture; corneal endothelium; keratocyte; posterior lamellar graft, corneal storage media.
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Fais-Leutskaia, Oxana D., та Alexander Novik. "Plants in Culture: A Paradigm of Anthropology [Rasteniia v culture: paradigmа antropologii]". Etnograficheskoe obozrenie 5 (жовтень 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086954150017411-2.
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The article introduces a special theme of the issue on “Plants in the Culture of Peoples of Eurasia: From Magic to Resource”. We take a retrospective look at the polyfunctionality of plants in the history of human culture and trace their polysemanticism, symbolism, and variety of applications (in food, medical, sacred-magical, and legal matters) from antiquity to the present day in various regions and among various peoples. We discuss the state of the art in research in these areas and review the principal directions of scholarly studies, such as ethnobotany or phytoanthropology, in Russian and other academic traditions. The thematic section features contributions by V.B. Kolosova, K.A. Jernigan and O.S. Belichenko, A.A. Novik and M.V. Domosiletskaya, O.D. Fais-Leutskaia, and V.N. Davydov.
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Coe, T. A. "Trash Culture: Popular Culture and the Great Tradition." American Literature 74, no. 2 (2002): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-74-2-439.
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Furuno, M., S. Uchida, F. Marumo, and S. Sasaki. "Repressive regulation of the aquaporin-2 gene." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 271, no. 4 (1996): F854—F860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.4.f854.
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Expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is exclusively limited to kidney collecting duct cells, and this strictly limited expression could be mediated by transcription of the gene. We first examined AQP2 mRNA expression in many cultured epithelial cells derived from kidney. Northern blot using OK, LLC-PK1, Madin-Darby canine kidney, and outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) cells and primary culture of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells did not reveal any significant signal. A more sensitive method, ribonuclease protection assay, could detect a faint signal in OMCD cells when they were bathed in a hypertonic medium. Reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction applied to primary culture of IMCD cells showed a rapid dissipation of AQP2 mRNA within 4 days after culture. A reporter gene assay performed in the 1st day of primary culture of IMCD cells showed that the 5' region up to -2.9 kb worked as a promoter. Deletion experiments showed that at least two regions, from -434 to -364 and from -153 to -84, contain negatively acting cis-elements. When connected to a heterologous promoter, these regions repressed the activity in an orientation-dependent manner. These results suggest that transcription of AQP2 gene is strictly regulated and its ability is rapidly depressed in culture condition. This cell differentiation-specific expression of the gene may be, at least in part, mediated by the repressors present in its 5'-flanking region.
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Smith, Stephen L. "Effect of Serum on Long-Term Cultures of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Megakaryocyte Progenitors." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 4153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.4153.4153.
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Abstract Platelet recovery following umbilical cord blood (CB) transplants can be delayed for several months. In vitro expansion and transplantation of CB megakaryocyte progenitor cells (MPC) may be one way to increase circulating platelets thereby shortening the period of thrombocytopenia. The in vitro expansion and differentiation of CB MPC derived from enriched CB CD34+ cells was studied after immuno-magnetic bead isolation. Isolated CB CD34+ cells were incubated in serum-free culture medium supplemented with a Tpo peptide agonist (TpoA), Flt-3L, Stem Cell Factor (SCF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). At week 2, the cultures were divided and 1) maintained in serum-free medium, 2) supplemented with 5% human serum and, 3) supplemented with 5% mouse serum. Using flow cytometry and histocytochemistry, the cultured cells were evaluated for MPC using CD41a, CD36, von Willebrand factor (VWF) and also for myeloid progenitors using CD15 and CD33. The mean total percent MPC (CD41a+ and CD36+) at week 2 was 53 ±17% and 49 ±12%, respectively. After 2–4 weeks of additional culture the %MPC declined to less than 30% in cultures with or without serum supplements. However, at weeks 5–8 of additional culture the %MPC increased in the cultures supplemented with human or mouse serum. The mean %MPC was 45 ±19% (serum-free), 55 ±16% (human serum) and, 71 ±5% (mouse serum) in cultures at week 5–8 of additional culture. The remaining cells in the cultures were myeloid progenitors (CD15+ or CD33+). Total cell numbers at week 5–8 were inhibited 3 to 5x-fold in mouse serum supplemented cultures compared to serum free and human serum supplemented cultures. In addition, VWF+ cells could be detected after 5 weeks of additional culture when either human or mouse serum was present. These data help to explain the delay in platelet recovery typically associated with cord blood transplants but, indicate that additional serum factors are present to enhance megakaryocyte differentiation. These results also suggest that the transplant of cultured CB MPC may prove beneficial for the treatment of thrombocytopenic patients and normal platelet recovery.
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van Riet, Sander, Annemarie van Schadewijk, P. Padmini S. J. Khedoe, et al. "Organoid-based expansion of patient-derived primary alveolar type 2 cells for establishment of alveolus epithelial Lung-Chip cultures." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 322, no. 4 (2022): L526—L538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00153.2021.
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Development of effective treatment strategies for lung tissue destruction as seen in emphysema would greatly benefit from representative human in vitro models of the alveolar compartment. Studying how cellular cross talk and/or (altered) biomechanical cues affect alveolar epithelial function could provide new insight for tissue repair strategies. Preclinical models of the alveolus ideally combine human primary patient-derived lung cells with advanced cell culture applications such as breathing-related stretch, to reliably represent the alveolar microenvironment. To test the feasibility of such a model, we isolated primary alveolar type 2 cells (AEC2s) from patient-derived lung tissues including those from patients with severe emphysema, using magnetic bead-based selection of cells expressing the AEC2 marker HTII-280. We obtained pure alveolar feeder-free organoid cultures using a minimally modified commercial medium. This was confirmed by known AEC2 markers as well as by detection of lamellar bodies using electron microscopy. Following (organoid-based) expansion, cells were seeded on both cell culture inserts and the Chip-S1 Organ-Chip that has a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane enabling the application of dynamic stretch. AEC2s cultured for 7 days on inserts or the chip maintained expression of HTII-280, prosurfactant protein C (SP-C), SP-A and SP-B, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) also in the presence of stretch. AEC2s cultured on the chip showed lower expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related vimentin expression compared with static cultures on inserts. The combination of a straightforward culture method of patient-derived AEC2s and their application in microfluidic chip cultures supports successful development of more representative human preclinical models of the (diseased) alveolar compartment.
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Haessler, Sarah, Peter K. Lindenauer, Marya D. Zilberberg, et al. "Blood Cultures Versus Respiratory Cultures: 2 Different Views of Pneumonia." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 7 (2019): 1604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1049.
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Abstract Background Choice of empiric therapy for pneumonia depends on risk for antimicrobial resistance. Models to predict resistance are derived from blood and respiratory culture results. We compared these results to understand if organisms and resistance patterns differed by site. We also compared characteristics and outcomes of patients with positive cultures by site. Methods We studied adult patients discharged from 177 US hospitals from July 2010 through June 2015, with principal diagnoses of pneumonia, or principal diagnoses of respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory arrest, or sepsis with a secondary diagnosis of pneumonia, and who had blood or respiratory cultures performed. Demographics, treatment, microbiologic results, and outcomes were examined. Results Among 138 561 hospitalizations of patients with pneumonia who had blood or respiratory cultures obtained at admission, 12 888 (9.3%) yielded positive cultures: 6438 respiratory cultures, 5992 blood cultures, and 458 both respiratory and blood cultures. Forty-two percent had isolates resistant to first-line therapy for community-acquired pneumonia. Isolates from respiratory samples were more often resistant than were isolates from blood (54.2% vs 26.6%; P &lt; .001). Patients with both culture sites positive had higher case-fatality, longer lengths of stay, and higher costs than patients who had only blood or respiratory cultures positive. Among respiratory cultures, the most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (34%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%), whereas blood cultures most commonly grew Streptococcus pneumoniae (33%), followed by S. aureus (22%). Conclusions Patients with positive respiratory tract cultures are clinically different from those with positive blood cultures, and resistance patterns differ by source. Models of antibiotic resistance should account for culture source.
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Bedi, R., and J. Atkinson. "Blood Culture Contamination in a Community Hospital- less than 2% is achievable." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 156, Supplement_1 (2021): S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.271.
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Abstract Introduction/Objective Blood cultures are commonly obtained to evaluate the presence of bacteria or fungal infection in a patient’s bloodstream. The presence of living microorganisms circulating in the bloodstream is of substantial prognostic and diagnostic importance. A positive blood culture indicates a reason for the patient’s illness and provides the etiological agent for antimicrobial therapy. Collection of blood culture is an exact process that requires time, the proper order of draw, and following of correct protocol. The busy Emergency department that requires multiple demands for nurse’s time, turnover of staff, rushing from one task to another can result in the improper collection and false-positive blood cultures. The national benchmark is set at 3% by the American Society of Clinical Microbiology (ASM) and The Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). False-positive blood culture results in increased length of stay and unnecessary antimicrobial therapy, resulting in an increased cost burden to the hospital of about $5000 per patient. Methods/Case Report At our 150-bed community hospital, 26 beds Emergency Department, we have come a long way in reduction of our blood culture contamination rates from upwards of 4% to less than 2%, far lower than the national benchmark. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion There are multiple devices available from various manufacturers claiming to reduce blood culture contamination. These devices do reduce blood culture (BC) contamination but at an added cost of the device. The rate of BC can be reduced and less than 3% is achievable by materials available in the laboratory. We have achieved this by providing training to every new staff by demonstration and direct observation, providing everything required for collection in a kit, using proper technique, the inclusion of diversion method that involves the aseptic collection of a clear tube before collecting blood cultures, and following up monthly on any false positive blood cultures.
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First, NL, MM Sims, SP Park, and MJ Kent-First. "Systems for production of calves from cultured bovine embryonic cells." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, no. 5 (1994): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940553.
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The development of totipotent bovine embryonic cell cultures has great value in cattle breeding. They provide: (1) a mechanism for making large numbers of clonal offspring by nuclear transfer; (2) an efficient gene transfer system through the use of selectable markers to select transgenic cells; and (3) a mechanism for site-specific gene transfer or deletion by homologous DNA sequence recombination. Bovine embryonic cell cultures have been established from blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) cells, morulae and the precompaction 16-20-cell stage. All have exhibited similar morphology to mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, pluripotency on differentiation and proliferation in culture. Culture systems have consisted of microdrop loose suspension short-term cultures or long-term cultures on bovine or murine fibroblast feeder layers, in either a microdrop or a culture dish. The relative merit of culture systems or media requirements for mitosis and prevention of differentiation have not been determined. At present, totipotency is also unknown for cultured cells of the 16-20-cell stage. For cultured ICM cells, totipotency was demonstrated by the birth of four calves from ICM cells cultured 27 days or less in a loose suspension microdrop. Advanced pluripotency and perhaps totipotency was demonstrated in one fetus in a recently reported study where morulae cells cultured in vitro were chimaerized with non-cultured cells. DNA fingerprinting to associate cell lines with offspring and karyotyping to ascertain chromatin normalcy is important in ES cell research. Data pertaining to the use of each are presented.
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Sakkas, D., AO Trounson, and I. Kola. "In vivo cleavage rates and viability obtained for early cleavage mouse embryos in co-culture with oviduct cells." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 1, no. 2 (1989): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9890127.
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The cleavage rate and development of two-cell mouse embryos to the morulae stage in co-culture with mouse oviduct cells was studied in vitro and compared with those achieved in vivo. Embryos were cultured in Whittingham's T6 (T6), T6 supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) and in co-culture with either Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium supplemented with sodium lactate (DMEM + 1a) or a modification of T6 medium containing vitamins and amino acids (T6 + v + aa). Co-culture of oviductal cells with DMEM + la medium supported two-cell mouse embryo development to eight cells at a rate significantly better (P less than 0.001) than T6, but the rate of embryo development was not equivalent to that in vivo. DMEM + la alone was inadequate as an embryo culture medium. Co-cultures using T6 + v + aa with mouse oviductal cells were prepared from mice at days 1, 2 or 3 of pseudopregnancy. Day 2 and 3 co-cultures allowed two-cell embryos to develop at a rate comparable to that in vivo up to the mid eight-cell stage (68 h after hCG), but by 76 h after hCG embryos were retarded. Transfer to pseudopregnant recipients of embryos co-cultured with day 2 oviductal cells until 68 h after hCG resulted in a rate of fetal development equivalent to that of embryos grown in vivo. Our results show that co-culture of early cleavage-stage embryos with mouse oviductal cells allows embryos to retain cleavage rates and viability comparable to in vivo development.
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Martin-Iglesias, Sara, Lara Milian, María Sancho-Tello, et al. "BMP-2 Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived and Dental Pulp Stem Cells in 2D and 3D In Vitro Models." Stem Cells International 2022 (March 4, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4910399.
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Bone tissue provides support and protection to different organs and tissues. Aging and different diseases can cause a decrease in the rate of bone regeneration or incomplete healing; thus, tissue-engineered substitutes can be an acceptable alternative to traditional therapies. In the present work, we have developed an in vitro osteogenic differentiation model based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to first analyse the influence of the culture media and the origin of the cells on the efficiency of this process and secondly to extrapolate it to a 3D environment to evaluate its possible application in bone regeneration therapies. Two osteogenic culture media were used (one commercial from Stemcell Technologies and a second supplemented with dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, glycerol-2-phosphate, and BMP-2), with human cells of a mesenchymal phenotype from two different origins: adipose tissue (hADSCs) and dental pulp (hDPSCs). The expression of osteogenic markers in 2D cultures was evaluated in several culture periods by means of the immunofluorescence technique and real-time gene expression analysis, taking as reference MG-63 cells of osteogenic origin. The same strategy was extrapolated to a 3D environment of polylactic acid (PLA), with a 3% alginate hydrogel. The expression of osteogenic markers was detected in both hADSCs and hDPSCs, cultured in either 2D or 3D environments. However, the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was obtained based on the culture medium and the cell origin used, since higher osteogenic marker levels were found when hADSCs were cultured with medium supplemented with BMP-2. Furthermore, the 3D culture used was suitable for cell survival and osteogenic induction.
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Bressler, David C., and Phillip M. Fedorak. "Purification, Stability, and Mineralization of 3-Hydroxy-2- Formylbenzothiophene, a Metabolite of Dibenzothiophene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 2 (2001): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.2.821-826.2001.
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ABSTRACT 3-Hydroxy-2-formylbenzothiophene (HFBT) is a metabolite found in many bacterial cultures that degrade dibenzothiophene (DBT) via the Kodama pathway. The fate of HFBT in cultures and in the environment is unknown. In this study, HFBT was produced by a DBT-degrading bacterium and purified by sublimation. When stored in organic solvent or as a crystal, the HFBT slowly decomposed, yielding colored products. Two of these were identified as thioindigo and cis-thioindigo. The supernatant of the DBT-degrading culture contained thioindigo, which has not been reported previously as a product of DBT biodegradation. In mineral salts medium, HFBT was sufficiently stable to allow biodegradation studies with a mixed microbial culture over a 3- to 4-week period. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that HFBT was removed from the medium. 2-Mercaptophenylglyoxalate, detected as benzothiophene-2,3-dione, was found in an HFBT-degrading mixed culture, and the former appears to be a metabolite of HFBT. This mixed culture also mineralized HFBT to CO2.
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Kim, Min-Sun. "Our Culture, Their Culture and Beyond: Further Thoughts on Ethnocentrism in Hofstede's Discourse." Journal of Multicultural Discourses 2, no. 1 (2007): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/md051c.2.
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Reese, Jane S., Luis A. Solchaga, Karen T. Lingas, Hillard M. Lazarus, and Stanton L. Gerson. "Improved Culture Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Using Fibroblastic Growth Factor-2 for the Treatment of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1207.1207.
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Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is an effective therapy for a number of diseases. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant obstacle to the successful outcome of this procedure. We have demonstrated in Phase I clinical trials that co-transplantation of culture expanded human MSCs during allogeneic HSC transplantation can facilitate engraftment without increasing the risk of GVHD. MSC have been shown to have immunomodulatory activity, and decrease T-cell interferon (IFN)-γ production. More recently, clinical studies have suggested that MSC infusion can also reduce the severity of GVHD. Based on these data, we have initiated a Phase I clinical trial (CWRU 3Y03) using allogeneic same-sibling donor MSC infusion of 1–6 × 106 culture expanded MSCs per kg for the treatment of acute or chronic GVHD of clinical grade II – IV after sibling donor HSC transplant. One of the main hurdles to overcome in MSC infusion protocols is the expansion of single donor MSCs to achieve the prescribed cell dose in a specified time frame. Here we report that the addition of recombinant human FGF-2 to the culture medium expedites and enhances MSC expansion capacity in normal adult donors cultured under clinically relevant conditions. In pre-clinical studies, MSCs from 13 normal donors (median age 28.5; range 21 – 40) were cultured in standard growth medium with or without FGF-2. The cells were expanded for up to 8 passages. MSCs expanded in the presence of FGF-2 exhibited shorter population doubling times and achieved a greater number of population doublings (31 ± 3) than those expanded in standard conditions (23 ± 2). These FGF-stimulated MSCs exhibited the same phenotype and immunomodulatory potential as MSCs grown in conventional medium. For each patient enrolled on CWRU 3Y03, donor MSCs were harvested, culture expanded and cryopreserved until indicated. Twenty-three culture expansions were attempted from 21 different donors (18 without FGF; 3 with FGF; median donor age 52, range 38 – 67). From the cultures grown in the absence of FGF, 11 donors were expanded to an infusion dose of 0.5 – 2.4 × 106 cells/kg (based on patient weight) with a mean of 161 ± 54 × 106 MSCs at harvest and a median cell expansion time of 41 days (range 23 – 66). Nine cultures failed to reach a minimum cell dose of 0.5 × 106 cells/kg during an 8-week culture period. The three MSC cultures grown in the presence of FGF -2 (R&D systems) were successful and reached infusion doses of 1.65 – 2.4 × 106 cells/kg. In these 3 cultures, the mean number of MSCs was 135 × 106 and the median day to harvest was 28 (range 27 – 41). The immunomodulatory potential of these three MSC preparations was tested in vitro in an IFN-γ EliSpot assay in which they inhibited IFN-γ production by 87.6 ± 5.4%. Cells from one donor that failed to expand in media without FGF-2 reached 171 × 106 (2.8 × 106/kg) MSCs in 27 days when MSCs from a second marrow harvest from the same donor were cultured in medium containing FGF-2, suggesting that FGF-2 supplementation may rescue a culture that may be otherwise unable to expand. Thus, FGF-2 can facilitate MSC culture expansion for clinical use while retaining their immunomodulatory function.
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Khlystova, N. A. "Phenomenon of medical culture Part 2. World outlook component of medical culture." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 7, no. 2 (2008): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2008-2-59-69.
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Medical activity, which always includes the necessity to solve a system of logical, gnoseological, axiological, and praxiological problems as sociated with the process of diagnostics and treatment of a patient, can be successful only with high culture of a specialist. It is a moral obligation of a medical practician to become a man of culture. Based on a systematic approach, the paper presents medical culture as a specific subsystem of general culture, whose mastering starts in childhood, develops in university, and continues for the whole life, demanding colossal mental ener gies. Part 2 reveals the content of world outlook and philosophic-anthropological aspects of medical culture, grounds the necessity of the revise of the existing anthropological paradigm.
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Robinson, Sarah R., Nada Elias-Lambert, Abdel Casiano, and Lauren Ward. "“Culture-Bearer, Culture-Sharer, Culture-Changer”." Advances in Social Work 20, no. 1 (2020): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23381.
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Sexual violence is a prevalent issue on university campuses today. Bystander intervention programs, which frame violence as a community problem, are a possible solution to address the issue of sexual violence on campus. As members of the university community, faculty can play an integral role in preventing sexual violence on campus. However, little research has assessed faculty members’ perceptions of their role on campus in the prevention of sexual violence. In this study, three focus groups were conducted with ten faculty members who had participated in a faculty-focused bystander intervention workshop. Researchers coded the narrative data from the focus groups and three themes emerged about faculty members’ perceptions of their role on campus: 1) modeling bystander behavior, 2) ally to students, and 3) changing cultural norms. The study findings reveal that faculty see themselves as having varied roles in the prevention of sexual violence on campus. Social work faculty can use their unique skillset to raise awareness among their faculty colleagues about the need for bystander intervention training for all faculty. The findings also reveal important implications about including faculty in bystander intervention programs in order to change cultural norms around sexual violence on university campuses.
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Kerr, Ron, Sarah Morgan, and Carolyn Norgate. "Changing organisational leadership culture: focus on values changes culture." Future Hospital Journal 2, no. 3 (2015): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/futurehosp.2-3-185.
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Marlowe, Lauren, Rakesh D. Mistry, Susan Coffin, et al. "Blood Culture Contamination Rates after Skin Antisepsis with Chlorhexidine Gluconate versus Povidone-Iodine in a Pediatric Emergency Department." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, no. 2 (2010): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650201.
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Objective.To determine blood culture contamination rates after skin antisepsis with Chlorhexidine, compared with povidone-iodine.Design.Retrospective, quasi-experimental study.Setting.Emergency department of a tertiary care children's hospital.Patients.Children aged 2-36 months with peripheral blood culture results from February 2004 to June 2008. Control patients were children younger than 2 months with peripheral blood culture results.Methods.Blood culture contamination rates were compared using segmented regression analysis of time-series data among 3 patient groups: (1) patients aged 2-36 months during the 26-month preintervention period, in which 10% povidone-iodine was used for skin antisepsis before blood culture; (2) patients aged 2-36 months during the 26-month postintervention period, in which 3% Chlorhexidine gluconate was used; and (3) patients younger than 2 months not exposed to the Chlorhexidine intervention (ie, the control group).Results.Results from 11,595 eligible blood cultures were reviewed (4,942 from the preintervention group, 4,274 from the postintervention group, and 2,379 from the control group). For children aged 2-36 months, the blood culture contamination rate decreased from 24.81 to 17.19 contaminated cultures per 1,000 cultures (P< .05) after implementation of Chlorhexidine. This decrease of 7.62 contaminated cultures per 1,000 cultures (95% confidence interval, —0.781 to —15.16) represented a 30% relative decrease from the preintervention period and was sustained over the entire postintervention period. No change in contamination rate was observed in the control group (P= .337).Conclusion.Skin antisepsis with Chlorhexidine significantly reduces the blood culture contamination rate among young children, as compared with povidone-iodine.
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Nashihin, Husna. "Character Internalization Based School Culture of Karangmloko 2 Elementary School." Abjadia 3, no. 2 (2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/abj.v3i2.6031.
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<p>Character education based school culture is very important to be developed at this time. Of the many schools that have implemented it, one of them is Karangmloko 2 Elementary School in Yogyakarta. This Field Research uses a Phenomenology approach which aims to describe the phenomenon of school culture as a basis for character education in Karangmloko 2. The results of this study indicate that character education based school culture of Karangmloko 2 done in three stages, namely; moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral action. The school culture of Karangmloko 2 is programmed (willed) consisting of 7 school cultures namely Lost and Found Box, Friday Action (AJUBER), Islamic Wall Magazine (MADIGAIS), My Dhuha Board, Honesty Cafeteria, Friday Gymnastics, and Friday Cleaning. The seven school cultures are capable to produce values of characters including Religion, Social Responsibility, Helping Each Other, Love Literacy, Learning Spirit, Discipline, Honesty, Responsibility, Caring for Health, Unity, and Caring for the Environment.</p><p dir="RTL">تربية الشخصية القائمة على ثقافة المدرسة من المهم جدا أن يتم تطويرها في هذا الوقت. من بين العديد من المدارس التي نفذتها، واحدة منها هي مدرسة Karangmloko 2 الابتدائية في يوجياكرتا. يستخدم هذا البحث الميداني منهجًا لعلم الظواهر يهدف إلى وصف ظاهرة الثقافة المدرسية كأساس لتعليم الشخصية في Karangmloko 2. تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن الثقافة المدرسية القائمة على تعليم الشخصية في Karangmloko 2 تتم على ثلاث مراحل، وهي: المعرفة الأخلاقية، والشعور الأخلاقي، والعمل الأخلاقي. تمت برمجة (إرادة) ثقافة مدرسة Karangmloko 2 وتتكون من 7 ثقافات مدرسية وهي: صندوق المفقودات والموجودات، جمعة الحركة (أجوبر)، مجلة الجدار الإسلامي (MADIGAIS)، بلدي مجلس الضحى، كافتيريا الصدق، جمباز الجمعة، و تنظيف الجمعة. إن الثقافات المدرسية السبعة قادرة على إنتاج قيم من الشخصيات ، بما في ذلك الدين والمسؤولية الاجتماعية ومساعدة بعضنا البعض ومحو الأمية وروح التعلم والانضباط والصدق والمسؤولية ورعاية الصحة والوحدة ورعاية البيئة.</p>
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Burrows, Alan. "Blame culture." World Pumps 2004, no. 448 (2004): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(04)00039-2.
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Martin, Colin. "Culture clash." Lancet Neurology 16, no. 7 (2017): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30155-2.
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Boniface, Priscilla. "Tourism Culture." Annals of Tourism Research 25, no. 3 (1998): 748–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(98)00029-2.
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Yeune, W. S. B. "Blastocyst culture." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 70 (2000): A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)81968-2.
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Roman, Simon. "Culture corner." Physics World 5, no. 2 (1992): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/5/2/23.
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Jacobs, Steven K., Debra J. Wilson, Paul L. Kornblith, and Elizabeth A. Grimm. "In vitro killing of human glioblastoma by interleukin-2-activated autologous lymphocytes." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 1 (1986): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.1.0114.
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✓ Culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from brain-tumor patients with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) results in the activation of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) with the capacity to lyse autologous and allogeneic glioblastoma. In this study, PBL obtained from brain-tumor patients were cultured with or without IL-2 for 3 to 7 days and then tested for their ability to lyse target cells in a 4-hour chromium release cytotoxicity assay. The PBL were drawn 1 to 2 weeks following operative tumor debulking. Cells used as targets included fresh brain-tumor cells obtained at the time of craniotomy, fresh brain-tumor cells grown from 1 to 3 weeks in tissue culture, fresh autologous PBL, and allogeneic glioblastoma cells grown in tissue culture. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from brain-tumor patients that were cultured without IL-2 did not significantly lyse autologous or allogeneic glioblastoma. However, when these PBL were cultured with IL-2, LAK were generated which produced marked lysis of autologous as well as allogeneic tissue-culture glioblastoma in all of eight cases. Significant lysis of autologous fresh tumor by patient LAK was observed in four of five experiments. By contrast, patient LAK did not kill autologous normal PBL. The ability to generate LAK was not influenced by the patient's age, previous therapy, or the administration of steroids.
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Frias, Ana, Christopher D. Porada, Kirsten B. Crapnell, Joaquim M. S. Cabral, Esmail D. Zanjani, and Graca Almeida-Porada. "Ex-Vivo Generation and Expansion of Both Lymphoid and Myeloid Lineages from Human Cord Blood (CB) HSC Using a Serum-Free Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Based Culture System." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 2888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2888.2888.
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Abstract The in vitro culture of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) graft with either media containing animal-derived components or a feeder layer with ill-defined pathogenic potential such as xenogeneic cell lines or cells modified by viral transformation poses risks that concern scientists and regulatory agencies. In the present studies, we avoided these risks by evaluating the ability of a human stromal-based serum free culture system (hu-ST) to support the ex-vivo expansion/maintenance of human CB HSC. CB CD34+ enriched cells were cultured in serum free medium in the presence of hu-ST with SCF, bFGF, LIF and Flt-3, and the cultures were analyzed for expansion, phenotype and clonogenic ability. We have previously reported the ability of this culture system to allow the successful expansion/maintenance of HSC along the myeloid pathway. In the present study, we investigated whether we could further develop this culture system to simultaneously expand myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in vitro. To this end, cord blood CD34+ cells were cultured for a total of 28 days and analyzed every 3 days for expansion and phenotype. There was a progressive increase in CD34 cell number with time in culture. The differentiative profile was primarily shifted towards the myeloid lineage with the presence of CD33, CD15, and CD14. However, a significant number of CD7+ cells were also generated. At week 2 of culture, we observed that 30% of the cells in the culture were CD7 positive. These CD7+CD2-CD3-CD5-CD56-CD16-CD34- cells were then sorted and either plated on top of new irradiated hu-ST layers in the presence of SCF, FLT-3, IL-7, IL-2, and IL-15, or cultured with IL-4, GM-CSF, and FLT-3 in the absence of stroma. Both of these cultures were maintained for an additional 2 weeks. In both sets of cultures, further expansion in the total cell number occurred with the time in culture, and by the end of the week 2, we observed that 25.3±4.18% of the cells had become CD56+ CD3-, a phenotype consistent with that of NK cells. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays were performed and showed cytotoxic activity that increased in an E:T ratio-dependent fashion. 38.6% of the CD7+ cells grown in the presence of IL-4, GM-CSF, and FLT-3 became CD123+CD11c-, a phenotype characteristic of nonactivated dendritic cells, while 7.3–12.1% adopted an activitated dendritic cell phenotype CD83+CD1a+. In summary, we developed an in vitro culture system that reproducibly allows the effective ex vivo expansion of human cord blood HSCs while maintaining the capability of generating both myeloid and lymphoid hematopoiesis in vitro.
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Sansberro, Pedro A., Hebe Y. Rey, and Luis A. Mroginski. "In Vitro Culture of Zygotic Embryos of Ilex Species." HortScience 36, no. 2 (2001): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.2.351.
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Plants of Ilex argentina L., I. brasiliensis (S.) L., I. brevicuspis R., I. dumosa R., I. integerrima (V.C.) L., I. microdonta R., I. pseudoboxus R., and I. theezans C.M. were obtained by immature embryo culture. Heart-stage zygotic embryos were removed from immature fruits and cultured aseptically on quarter-strength Murashige and Skoog medium with 3% sucrose, 0.65% agar, and 0.1 mg·L-1 zeatin. Cultures were incubated at 27±2°C for 4 weeks, in darkness and subsequently transferred to a culture room with a 14-hour photoperiod (116 μmol·m-2·s-1) for another 4 weeks. Seedlings with two leaves, derived from germinated embryos, were successfully transplanted to pots containing 1 peat: 1 perlite: 1 sand (v/v) and were maintained in greenhouse conditions. From 95% to 100% of transplanted seedlings survived. Chemical name used: 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine (zeatin).
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Dokutchaev, Ilya I. "NETWORK CULTURE AS A HISTORICAL TYPE OF CULTURE." Scholarly Notes of Komsomolsk-na-Amure State Technical University 2, no. 12 (2012): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17084/2012.iv-2(12).7.
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Sansupa, Chakriya, Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan, Terd Disayathanoowat, and Witoon Purahong. "Identifying Hidden Viable Bacterial Taxa in Tropical Forest Soils Using Amplicon Sequencing of Enrichment Cultures." Biology 10, no. 7 (2021): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070569.
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This study aims to estimate the proportion and diversity of soil bacteria derived from eDNA-based and culture-based methods. Specifically, we used Illumina Miseq to sequence and characterize the bacterial communities from (i) DNA extracted directly from forest soil and (ii) DNA extracted from a mixture of bacterial colonies obtained by enrichment cultures on agar plates of the same forest soil samples. The amplicon sequencing of enrichment cultures allowed us to rapidly screen a culturable community in an environmental sample. In comparison with an eDNA community (based on a 97% sequence similarity threshold), the fact that enrichment cultures could capture both rare and abundant bacterial taxa in forest soil samples was demonstrated. Enrichment culture and eDNA communities shared 2% of OTUs detected in total community, whereas 88% of enrichment cultures community (15% of total community) could not be detected by eDNA. The enrichment culture-based methods observed 17% of the bacteria in total community. FAPROTAX functional prediction showed that the rare and unique taxa, which were detected with the enrichment cultures, have potential to perform important functions in soil systems. We suggest that enrichment culture-based amplicon sequencing could be a beneficial approach to evaluate a cultured bacterial community. Combining this approach together with the eDNA method could provide more comprehensive information of a bacterial community. We expected that more unique cultured taxa could be detected if further studies used both selective and non-selective culture media to enrich bacteria at the first step.
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Husk, Janet, Derek Lowe, Debbie Sutton, and Julie Windsor. "Changing ward culture to prevent inpatient falls." Future Hospital Journal 2, Suppl 2 (2015): s27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/futurehosp.2-2-s27.
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Vaillancourt, Pascale. "Le site Kaapehpeshapischinikanuuch (EiGf‑2)." Recherches amérindiennes au Québec 38, no. 2-3 (2010): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039798ar.
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En 1997, l’authentification par le PÉTRARQ du site rupestre à tracés digitaux EiGf‑2, appelé Kaapehpeshapischinikanuuch par les Cris, a conduit à la mise sur pied d’un projet d’étude intégrale de ce site majeur situé au bord du lac Nemiscau, en Jamésie. Ce site à pictogrammes tracés à l’ocre rouge est actuellement le seul site rupestre connu de la communauté scientifique sur le territoire de la Jamésie. De plus, son étendue et son contenu graphique en font le deuxième site à tracés digitaux en importance au Québec. L’étude présentée ici est un condensé du mémoire de maîtrise de l’auteure. L’analyse s’articule notamment autour d’une approche contextuelle et comparative visant à définir et à évaluer l’application du concept de site rupestre dans la culture algonquienne et, particulièrement, dans la culture crie aux périodes paléohistorique et historique. Cet article est un survol des grandes lignes de l’analyse du site EiGf‑2 et un aperçu des interprétations définies comme indissociables de l’environnement naturel et culturel du site.
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Orlidge, A., and P. A. D'Amore. "Inhibition of capillary endothelial cell growth by pericytes and smooth muscle cells." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 3 (1987): 1455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.3.1455.
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Morphological studies of developing capillaries and observations of alterations in capillaries associated with pathologic neovascularization indicate that pericytes may act as suppressors of endothelial cell (EC) growth. We have developed systems that enable us to investigate this possibility in vitro. Two models were used: a co-culture system that allowed direct contact between pericytes and ECs and a co-culture system that prevented physical contact but allowed diffusion of soluble factors. For these studies, co-cultures were established between bovine capillary ECs and the following growth-arrested cells (hereafter referred to as modulating cells): pericytes, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and 3T3 cells. The modulating cell type was growth arrested by treatment with mitomycin C before co-culture with ECs. In experiments where cells were co-cultured directly, the effect of co-culture on EC growth was determined by comparing the mean number of cells in the co-cultures to the mean for each cell type (EC and modulating cell) cultured separately. Since pericytes and other modulating cells were growth arrested, any cell number change in co-cultures was due to EC growth. In the co-cultures, pericytes inhibited all EC proliferation throughout the 14-d time course; similar levels of EC inhibition were observed in SMC-EC co-cultures. Co-culture of ECs with fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and 3T3 cells significantly stimulated EC growth over the same time course (30-192% as compared to EC cultured alone). To determine if cell contact was required for inhibition, cells were co-cultured using Millicell chambers (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA), which separated the cell types by 1-2 mm but allowed the exchange of diffusible materials. There was no inhibition of EC proliferation by pericytes or SMCs in this co-culture system. The influence of the cell ratios on observed inhibition was assessed by co-culturing the cells at EC/pericyte ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1. Comparable levels of EC inhibition were observed at ratios from 1:1 to 10:1. When the cells were co-cultured at a ratio of 20 ECs to 1 pericyte, inhibition of EC growth at 3 d was similar to that observed at other ratios. However, at higher ratios, the inhibition diminished so that by the end of the time course the co-cultured ECs were growing at the same rate as the controls. These results suggest that pericytes and SMCs can modulate EC growth by a mechanism that requires contact or proximity. We postulate that similar interactions may operate to modulate vascular growth in vivo.
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Knecht, Peter, Thonevath Pou, Wolfgang Ulland, and Guechse Yim. "Kambodschanische Kultur, No. 2, 1988. (Cambodian Culture)." Asian Folklore Studies 48, no. 1 (1989): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1178547.
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