Dissertations / Theses: 'Culture composite'

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Ródenas, Rochina Joaquín. "Scaffold surface modifications and culture conditions as key parameters to develop cartilage and bone tissue engineering implants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/48526.

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This thesis is focused on the development and evaluation of different hybrid scaffolds for the treatment of injuries in cartilage or bone. These hybrid materials were three-dimensional polycaprolactone macroporous scaffolds obtained through freeze extraction and particle leaching combined method and modified with hyaluronic acid or mineral particles. In order to facilitate the description of the obtained results, the thesis is divided in two sections dedicated to bone and cartilage tissue engineering respectively. In the case of bone tissue engineering we addressed the treatment of disorders associated with the spine that require spinal immobilization. This Thesis proposes the development of a synthetic macroporous support for intervertebral fusion as an alternative to commercial bone substitutes. Macroporous scaffolds were developed with bare polycaprolactone or its blends with polylactic acid in order to increase its mechanical properties and degradation rate. Furthermore, the scaffolds obtained were reinforced with hydroxyapatite or Bioglass®45S5 to improve their mechanical properties and turn them in bioactive scaffolds. The supports were characterized physicochemically and biologically to determine if they met the requirements of the project. Finally, materials were tested in vivo in a bone critical size defect preformed in a rabbit model against a commercial support. Cartilage engineering has been extensively studied in the last years due to the inherent limited self repair ability of this tissue. The second part of the thesis was focused in developing a construct composed by in vitro differentiated chondrocyte like cells in a hybrid scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Polycaprolactone hybrid substrates coated with hyaluronic acid scaffold were developed obtaining a substrate with positive influence over the development of chondrocyte phenotype in culture and able to protect the cells from excessive mechanical loading in the joint. Cell-scaffolds constructs were obtained combining hybrid scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells and differentiating them to chondrocytes using chondrogenic culture medium combined with hypoxia, mechanical stimulus or co-culture. Finally the cellularized scaffolds were mechanically, biochemically and histologically characterized to determine the production of extracellular matrix and expression of chondrogenic markers.
Ródenas Rochina, J. (2015). Scaffold surface modifications and culture conditions as key parameters to develop cartilage and bone tissue engineering implants [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48526
TESIS

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Le, Doudic Kévin. "L'Inde vécue. De l'objet à la société, les français à Pondichéry (1770-1778)." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIL397.

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Les recherches sur les compagnies françaises des Indes orientales connaissent depuis trois décennies un nouvel élan. Si aujourd’hui les volets économiques, administratifs et politiques du fonctionnement de cette aventure mercantile et de la présence française dans l’océan Indien sont bien connus, le cadre de vie quotidien de ses acteurs dans les comptoirs l’est beaucoup moins. Cette thèse propose de se concentrer sur la société française de Pondichéry et sur son environnement quotidien en prenant comme point de départ sa culture matérielle. À partir des archives notariales françaises de l’Inde au XVIIIe siècle, il est possible de redessiner cette société ultramarine et de saisir bien plus que le simple environnement matériel. Les modalités de l’implantation et de l’adaptation des Européens en Inde, peuvent ainsi être précisées. Ensuite, la structure proprement matérielle est identifiable : les approvisionnements des possessions françaises de l’océan Indien qui définissent la consommation, les choix et les logiques d’aménagement intérieur, etc. Enfin, l’environnement culturel dans lequel les européens évoluent dans les comptoirs de l’Inde est accessible, notamment grâce à l’étude du degré d’ancrage des individus dans la culture de l’océan Indien. Ont-ils cherché à préserver leur culture européenne, ou se sont-ils « indianisés » ? Des différences sont-elles visibles selon les époques, les catégories sociales et professionnelles étudiées ? Pour répondre à ces questions, les collections des musées européens et asiatiques, ainsi que le patrimoine architectural des comptoirs français de l’Inde du XVIIIe siècle, viendront enrichir et compléter les sources d’archives
Over the last three decades research on the French East India Company has seen a new impetus. If today the economic, administrative and political functioning components of this mercantile adventure and the French presence in the Indian Ocean are well known, the milieu quotidian of its players in the trading posts are less such. The present thesis focuses on French society in Pondicherry and on its daily environment, material culture being its starting point. Using the French notarial archives of India in the XVIII century, it is possible to redraw this ultramarine society and to understand much more than the simple material environment. The methods of the establishment and of the European adaptation in India can thus be clarified. Afterwards, the strictly material structure is identifiable: the supply of French possessions of the Indian Ocean, which define the consumption, the logic and choices of internal organization, etc. Finally, the cultural environment in which Europeans evolve in the Indian trading posts is accessible, notably as a result of studying individual’s degree of integration into the Indian Ocean culture. Did they seek to preserve their own European culture or were they ‘indianised”? Are there some differences noticeable according to the period, social categories and professionals studied? To answer these questions, the European and Asian museum’s collections, as well as the French trading posts architectural patrimony of India in the XVIII century, will enhance and complete the archive sources

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De, La Cruz-Guzman Marlene. "Of Masquerading and Weaving Tales of Empowerment: Gender, Composite Consciousness, and Culture-Specificity in the Early Novels of Sefi Atta and Laila Lalami." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1417002139.

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Micheau, Béatrice. "Faire avec les ordres documentaires : pratiques info-documentaires, culture écrite et travail scolaire chez des collégiens." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30039/document.

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Cette thèse a pour but de comprendre comment le « numérique » interroge à la fois les processus de légitimation et de délégitimation des pratiques info-documentaires et la manière dont ces processus s'inscrivent dans des objets, des lieux et des dispositifs. Ce travail prend place au sein de l'institution scolaire qui, implicitement ou explicitement, transmet et constitue des normes communes de ce que sont les « bonnes pratiques » de production, de circulation et de réception des textes, des documents et des savoirs. Il s'agit de faire une étude ethno-sémiotique, au sein des espaces de la classe et du CDI, dans deux collèges, des manières de rechercher, de lire, d'exploiter, de faire circuler et de produire des documents. Les dévoilements du numérique font réapparaître la nécessité de comprendre les pratiques et les compétences qui permettent de qualifier l'information, au-delà de méthodes canoniques forgées par les médiateurs (citer ses sources, respecter le droit d'auteur, ne pas copier-coller etc.), et au-delà des signes de la valeur, hérités du modèle de la bibliographie et de leur fétichisation dans la référence (éditeur, auteur, notice de catalogage etc.). Cette thèse repose sur une approche de la culture info-documentaire comme un composite, et sur la compréhension du numérique comme un phénomène social qui redéfinit les géographies et les temporalités de la production, circulation et réception des textes, des savoirs et de leurs documents. Cette approche permet alors de renouveler les questionnements sur la notion de valeur info-documentaire. Entreprise de dévoilement des normes de la culture écrite, ce travail de recherche montre l’enchâssement des pratiques, des objets et des valeurs à l’œuvre dans les processus info-communicationnels du partage des savoirs. Comprendre aujourd’hui les résistances des élèves aux discours du « bien se documenter » passe par une théorie de l’économie politique du document à l’ère numérique, et une approche anthropologique des pratiques ordinaires des textes et des documents, l’une se nourrissant de l’autre
This thesis aims to understand how the "digital" interrogates both the processes of legitimization and delegitimization of informationnal practices and how these processes are embedded in objects, places and devices. This work takes place within the school institution which transmits implicitly or explicitly, common standards for "good practices" of production, circulation and reception of texts, documents and knowledge. This is an ethno-semiotic study within the class and the library school’s spaces in two medium schools to observe and analyze the ways to search, read, operate, circulate and produce documents. The digital unveils the need to understand the practices and skills to qualify the information beyond canonical methods forged by mediators (citing sources, respect copyright, do not copy and paste etc.), and beyond signs of value inherited from the model of the bibliography and their fetishization in reference (publisher, author, cataloging record etc.). This thesis is based on an anthropological approach of information literacy and of digital as a social phenomenon that redefines geographies and temporalities of texts, knowledge and their documents. This approach allows to renew questions about the concept of document value. This research demonstrates the entrenchment of practices, objects and values at work in the communicational processes of knowledge sharing. Understanding today resistances of pupils to follow the rules of a « good research » requires a political theory of the economy of the document to the digital age and an anthropological approach of the common practices of texts and documents, one is feeding the other

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Moura, Campos Doris. "Cultivo de células osteoprogenitoras em compósito 3-D hidroxiapatita-colágeno sob condições estática e dinâmica." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725990.

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L'organisme humain présente de nombreuses constantes de régénération tissulaires et c'est cette caractéristique essentielle qui maintient l'équilibre physiologique. Toutefois, l'existence de lésions importantes provoquée par un déséquilibre interne ou externe peut empêcher l'organisme de s'auto-régénerer. Dans ce cas, l'application des biomatériaux développés pour des applications biomédicales peuvent améliorer le processus de guérison. Pour les applications en tissus durs, les biomatériaux doivent posséder des propriétés similaires aux matrices naturelles tant sur le plan biologique que physico-mécanique. Dans les applications en bioingénierie osseuse, les composites à base de collagène (Col) et d'hydroxiapatite (HA) sont devenus tellement performant qu'ils peuvent être classifiés comme des matériaux biomimétiques. Cette thèse propose la production d'une matrice 3-D poreuse à base d'HA et de Col (50:50wt%). Ce composite réticulé par le glutaraldéhyde a été caractérisé par des différentes techniques et servira de support pour la culture cellulaire. Des cellules estromales ostéoprogénitrices ont été cultivées dans un environnement statique et dynamique (deux vitesse de flux) et leurs capacités de colonisation ainsi que leurs comportements d'adhésion, de prolifération, de différentiation seront observés. A travers les résultats de diffraction de rayons X et de spectroscopie infrarouge, il est possible d'affirmer la présence dans la matrice collagène d'une phase minérale peu cristalline constituée par de l'hydroxiapatite carbonatée du type-B déficiente en calcium. La viabilité cellulaire a été fortement influencée par les systèmes de culture au cours des 21 jours. Les résultats du système dynamique en haute vitesse montrent une excellente capacité du composite à supporter les processus cellulaires. Les cellules sont capables d'adhérer, de proliférer et de coloniser la matrice tridimensionnelle.

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Hyatt, Rick D. "Nurse Perceptions: The Relationship Between Patient Safety Culture, Error Reporting and Patient Safety in U.S. Hospitals." Franklin University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=frank1607988520967849.

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Khennache, Mehdi. "Influence des conditions de culture et de transformation du lin sur les caractéristiques chimique, physique et mécanique de la fibre de lin technique pour une application en matériaux composites biosourcés." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR103.

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Les matériaux composites à base de renforts naturels ne cessent d’évoluer vers des produits qui sont, soit le moins coûteux possible, soit le plus performant, et dans l’idéal les deux à la fois. Dans un souci de protection de l’environnement et de santé publique, leur utilisation est devenue un enjeu majeur et le sera plus encore dans un avenir proche et à long terme. L’industrie automobile s’intéresse par exemple de plus en plus aux fibres végétales afin d’utiliser des matières renouvelables et pérennes, et pour alléger les véhicules dont la masse est responsable de 75 % de la consommation en carburant (les fibres cellulosiques sont 30 % moins denses que les fibres de verre). C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit ce travail de recherche, dont l’objectif principal est d’étudier l’effet des paramètres de transformation du lin textile (teillage, peignage et homogénéisation) ainsi que l’effet de ses conditions de culture (degrés de maturité et rouissage) sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques et mécaniques des fibres techniques de lin et les performances mécaniques des matériaux composites biosourcés Lin/époxyde associés, élaborés par thermocompression. Pour chaque campagne d’étude (référence, transformation et culture), les fibres techniques de lin sont caractérisées par la méthode Van Soest, diffraction des rayons X, pycnométrie, analyse thermogravimétrique, microscopie électronique à balayage et spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier afin de déterminer et comparer respectivement leur composition biochimique, indice de cristallinité, masse volumique, stabilité thermique et morphologie ainsi que les différentes liaisons chimiques présentes en surface. Les propriétés mécaniques en traction de chaque fibre technique de lin, voile unidirectionnel de lin et matériau composite biosourcé thermopressé sont également déterminées. Une nouvelle méthode, prenant en considération la température et l’humidité relative durant les essais de traction, est proposée pour calculer la section de la fibre technique de lin. Les résultats de la campagne de transformation montrent que l’étape de peignage du lin peut être supprimée sans incidence sur les propriétés mécaniques des matériaux composites biosourcés proposés. Les résultats de la campagne de culture montrent quant à eux un léger effet des degrés de maturité et rouissage du lin sur les propriétés mécaniques des matériaux composites biosourcés élaborés. Il apparait que les degrés de maturité et rouissage du lin impactent respectivement leur rigidité et propriétés à la rupture
Composite materials based on natural reinforcements are constantly evolving towards products that are either the least expensive or the most efficient, and ideally both at the same time. For the sake of environmental protection and public health, their use has become a major issue and will be even more in the near future and in the long term. The automotive industry, for example, is increasingly interested in plant fibers in order to use renewable and sustainable materials, and to lighten vehicles whose mass is responsible for 75% of fuel consumption (cellulose fibers are 30 % less dense than glass fibers). It is in this context that this research work takes place, whose main objective is to study the effect of the transformation parametersof textile flax (scutching, hackling and homogenization) as well as the effect of its conditions of culture (degrees of maturity and retting) on the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of technical flax fibers and the mechanical performance of the associated biobased flax /epoxy composite materials, produced by thermocompression. For each flax Modalities (reference, transformation and culture), technical flax fibers are characterized by Van Soest method, X-ray diffraction, pycnometry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in order to determine and compare respectively their biochemical composition, crystallinity index, density, thermal stability and morphology as well as the different chemical bonds present on the surface. The tensile mechanical properties of each technical flax fiber, unidirectional veil of flax fiber and thermopressed bio-based composite material are also determined. A new method, considering temperature and relative humidity during tensile tests, is proposed to calculate the cross section of technical flax fiber. The results of the transformation campaign show that the flax hackling step can be deleted without affecting the mechanical properties of the proposed bio-based composite materials. The results of the culture campaign show a slight effect of the degrees of maturity and retting of technical flax fibers on the mechanical properties of the biobased composite materials produced. It appears that the degrees of maturity and retting of flax impact their rigidity and breaking properties, respectively

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Marty, Alain. "Hydrodynamique de la mise en suspension par bullage de particules composites granulaires : application à l'épuration des eaux par cultures fixées." Toulouse, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAT0002.

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L'etude concerne la mise au point d'un reacteur triphasique destine a l'epuration des eaux residuaires. Dans ce reacteur, le bullage induit la mise en mouvement des particules solides; la phase liquide ne participe pas directement a leur mise en suspension. Quatre solides de diametre moyen compris entre 0,375 et 4 mm ont ete etudies: des billes de verre de masse volumique 2500 kg/m#3 et trois materiaux composites de masse volumique comprise entre 1015 et 1180 kg/m#3. L'etude consiste en l'analyse de l'hydraulique de la mise en suspension des solides et des interactions bulles/particules. Quelques donnees sur le transfert d'oxygene dans deux reacteurs echelle semi-industrielle sont fournies. Le comportement hydrodynamique du reacteur a ete caracterise par la variation de la perte de charge au cours de la mise en suspension des particules solides, la vitesse critique gazeuse de mise en suspension des particules et la retention gazeuse. Une analyse bidimensionnelle sur l'ensemble des resultats acquis a permis de degager une correlation liant la vitesse critique de mise en suspension aux divers parametres de fonctionnement. Une correlation specifique aux materiaux composites est egalement proposee. Les resultats sur l'hydrodynamique et le transfert de matiere ont permis de dimensionner une unite pilote echelle semi-industrielle et de realiser une etude d'extrapolation

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Louzada, Isabela Seixo de Brito [UNESP]. "Aplicação da água residuária tratada e de adubação com lodo de esgoto na cultura do crambe." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144316.

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O uso de efluente de esgoto tratado e de lodo de esgoto compostado representam uma boa oportunidade para o setor agrícola de suprimento hídrico e nutricional às plantas, além da agricultura ser um destino adequado, seguro e benéfico desses resíduos quando corretamente manejados. Assim, objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o efeito da água residuária tratada e do lodo de esgoto compostado como substituto parcial, total e em doses superiores à adubação nitrogenada convencional, no solo e na cultura do crambe. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido em vasos de PVC com volume útil de 45,5 L, no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu/SP, no período de julho à outubro de 2015. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas; nas parcelas foram empregados dois tipos de água para irrigação, água potável e efluente de esgoto tratado, e nas subparcelas sete níveis de adubação nitrogenada, totalizando quatorze tratamentos com dez repetições. Os tratamentos dentro de cada parcela são representados por: T0 – sem adubação nitrogenada; T1 – 100% de adubação nitrogenada mineral; T2 – 50% de adubação nitrogenada mineral + 50% adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto compostado; e T3, T4, T5 e T6 correspondem à 100%, 150%, 200% e 250% da adubação nitrogenada proveniente do lodo de esgoto compostado, respectivamente. Os dados relativos às variáveis estudadas foram analisados estatisticamente por meio do software SISVAR e submetidos à análise de variância à 5% de probabilidade, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Optou-se por refazer a análise estatística dos tratamentos que receberam somente lodo de esgoto compostado, adotando-se a análise de regressão. O uso de efluente de esgoto tratado proporcionou incremento dos componentes desenvolvimento, rendimento e teor de óleo da semente. A substituição da adubação nitrogenada convencional pela adubação via lodo de esgoto compostado elevou o rendimento de grãos-planta, com melhor rendimento proporcionado pela dose máxima de N aplicada via lodo de esgoto compostado. O aumento das doses de lodo de esgoto no solo elevou o pH, a CTC, SB, V%, os teores de matéria orgânica, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, e o uso de efluente de esgoto tratado os teores de Mg, S e Mn.
The usage of treated sewage effluent and composted sewage sludge represents a good opportunity for the agricultural sector of water supply and plant nutrition, besides being an adequate, safe and beneficial end for the agricultural for these residues when correctly handled. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the treated sewage effluent and the composted sewage sludge as a partial substitute, total and in doses superior to the conventional nitrogen fertilization, on the soil and on the crambe culture. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment of PVC vases with useful volume of 45,5L, at the Department of Soils and Environmental Resources of Agricultural Sciences Faculty, belonging to Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu/SP, between July and October of 2015. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split plot arrangement; using the plots two types of irrigation water, potable water and treated sewage effluent and the subplots seven levels of nitrogen fertilization, adding up fourteen treatments with ten repetitions. The treatments within each parcel are represented by: T0 – no nitrogen fertilization; T1 – 100% mineral nitrogen fertilization; T2 – 50% mineral nitrogen fertilizer; + 50% composted sewage sludge; and T3, T4, T5, T6 corresponding to 100%, 150%, 200% and 250% of nitrogen fertilizer from the composted sewage sludge, respectively. The data concerning the variables were analyzed statistically through the SISVAR software and were submitted to a variance analysis to 5% of probability, being those averages compared using the Tukey test to 5% of significance. It was opted to redo the statistical analysis of the treatments that only had received the composted sewage sludge, adopting the regression analysis. The use of treated sewage effluent provided increment of components development and production. The conventional nitrogen fertilization substitution by the composted sewage sludge fertilizer elevated the yield of grains–plant, with a better yield provided by the maximum dose of N applied through the composted sludge. In the soil, the increasing doses of sewage sludge elevated the pH, the CTC, SB, V%, content of organic matter, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, and the usage of treated sewage effluent elevated the levels of Mg, S and Mn.

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Vantaram, Avinash. "Honeycomb fiber-reinforced polymer sandwich composites for development of aquaculture raceway systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3622.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 107 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89).

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Costa, Talía da. "Crescimento in vitro, aclimatização e conteúdo de diosgenina de diferentes somaclones de Dioscorea composita Hemsl. (Dioscoreaceae)." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88428.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal
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Chan, Yannie Ka Yan. "Evaporation-induced 3-dimensional diblock copolymer micelles micropattern : applications as templated polymeric microwells for cell culture scaffold, bioanalytic arrays and micro-silver networks /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIEN%202004%20CHAN.

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Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-133). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Ritchey, Alicia D. "Goma Curriculum, A Character Education Paradigm: Composing a Text for Shaping Classroom Character Culture." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/789.

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The written text, and approaches to reading it, serves well as an analogy for the classroom space as a “text” that teachers are able to compose; and students are able to read, interpret meaning(s) of, and make responses to and about (Rosenblatt, 1988). Researchers point to ways in which the classroom can be conceptualized as a text to be evoked, experienced, and read (Freire & Macedo, 1987; Powell, 2009; Rosenblatt, 1988; Spears-Bunton & Powell, 2009). The present study analyzed secondary data including: 10 transcripts of teacher talks and six self-reports retrieved from the program evaluation archives of DOR Foundation. The data described six teachers’ classroom experiences subsequent to professional development centered on Goma character education curriculum that was used during a summer youth program located in South Georgia. Goma, an acronym that stands for Goal, Objective, Method, and Attitude, is a character education paradigm derived from The Inclusive Community Building Ellison Model, the theoretical framework used for this study. The Model identifies conflict resolution as one of its five foci (Hunt, Howard, & Rice, 1998). Hunt (2006) conceived Goma as part of a 7-Step unitary process, also named the 7-Step pathway, to demonstrate how conflict resolution is accomplished within a variety of contexts. Analysis of the data involved: (a) a priori coding of teacher talks transcripts using the components of the Goma 7-Step pathway as coding categories, (b) emergent coding of teacher talks transcripts for the types of experiences teachers evidenced, and (c) emergent coding of teachers’ self-reports for categories of teachers’ instructional activities. Results of the study showed positive influence of Goma curriculum on participating teachers and their instructional practices. Teachers were shown to have had cognitive, instructional, emotional, and social experiences that were most evident when they reported changes in their attitudes toward their students, themselves, and their instructional practices. The present study provided implications for classroom teachers wherein all aspects of teachers’ instructional practices can be guided by principles of positive character; and can be used to help compose the kinds of “texts” that may likely contribute to a classroom character culture.

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Bouisson-Dewolf, Elisabeth. "Des objets et des enfants : culture de l'école maternelle et composante matérielle des activités." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131008.

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Cette recherche a pour but d'étudier les relations quotidiennes entre les éléments matériels utilisés par les enfants et la nature des activités prescrites par les enseignantes. Elle cherche à montrer comment les pratiques des enseignantes orientent et restreignent les possibilités d'apprentissages accessibles aux enfants par l'utilisation des différents éléments matériels. Les analyses des observations des activités de classe ont été conduites selon les thèmes de l'initiative enfantine et de "mise en scène". La notion de "composante matérielle" des activités est analysée dans les instructions de 1995, les activités de classe et les entretiens des enseigantes. Les résultats des analyses de ces différentes données montrent que l'environnement matériel des classes est reconstruit par les enseignantes sous la forme d'objets "scolarisés" répondant seulement à certains objectifs pédagogiques. Nos conclusions montrent que ces enseignants ont des pratiques conformes aux textes officiels qui privilégient la culture transmise par les supports traditionnels de l'écrit et qui limitent l'initiative enfantine pour transformer le passage de l'enfant à l'école maternelle en une initiation à l'école primaire.

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Benouaret, Idir. "Un système de recommandation contextuel et composite pour la visite personnalisée de sites culturels." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2332/document.

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Notre travail concerne les systèmes d’aide à la visite de musée et l’accès au patrimoine culturel. L’objectif est de concevoir des systèmes de recommandation, implémentés sur dispositifs mobiles, pour améliorer l’expérience du visiteur, en lui recommandant les items les plus pertinents et en l’aidant à personnaliser son parcours. Nous considérons essentiellement deux terrains d’application : la visite de musées et le tourisme. Nous proposons une approche de recommandation hybride et sensible au contexte qui utilise trois méthodes différentes : démographique, sémantique et collaborative. Chaque méthode est adaptée à une étape spécifique de la visite de musée. L’approche démographique est tout d’abord utilisée afin de résoudre le problème du démarrage à froid. L’approche sémantique est ensuite activée pour recommander à l’utilisateur des œuvres sémantiquement proches de celles qu’il a appréciées. Enfin l’approche collaborative est utilisée pour recommander à l’utilisateur des œuvres que les utilisateurs qui lui sont similaires ont aimées. La prise en compte du contexte de l’utilisateur se fait à l’aide d’un post-filtrage contextuel, qui permet la génération d’un parcours personnalisé dépendant des œuvres qui ont été recommandées et qui prend en compte des informations contextuelles de l’utilisateur à savoir : l’environnement physique, la localisation ainsi que le temps de visite. Dans le domaine du tourisme, les points d’intérêt à recommander peuvent être de différents types (monument, parc, musée, etc.). La nature hétérogène de ces points d’intérêt nous a poussé à proposer un système de recommandation composite. Chaque recommandation est une liste de points d’intérêt, organisés sous forme de packages, pouvant constituer un parcours de l’utilisateur. L’objectif est alors de recommander les Top-k packages parmi ceux qui satisfont les contraintes de l’utilisateur (temps et coût de visite par exemple). Nous définissons une fonction de score qui évalue la qualité d’un package suivant trois critères : l’appréciation estimée de l’utilisateur, la popularité des points d’intérêt ainsi que la diversité du package et nous proposons un algorithme inspiré de la recherche composite pour construire la liste des packages recommandés. L’évaluation expérimentale du système que nous avons proposé, en utilisant un data-set réel extrait de Tripadvisor démontre sa qualité et sa capacité à améliorer à la fois la précision et la diversité des recommandations
Our work concerns systems that help users during museum visits and access to cultural heritage. Our goal is to design recommender systems, implemented in mobile devices to improve the experience of the visitor, by recommending him the most relevant items and helping him to personalize the tour he makes. We consider two mainly domains of application : museum visits and tourism. We propose a context-aware hybrid recommender system which uses three different methods : demographic, semantic and collaborative. Every method is adapted to a specific step of the museum tour. First, the demographic approach is used to solve the problem of the cold start. The semantic approach is then activated to recommend to the user artworks that are semantically related to those that the user appreciated. Finally, the collaborative approach is used to recommend to the user artworks that users with similar preferences have appreciated. We used a contextual post filtering to generate personalized museum routes depending on artworks which were recommended and contextual information of the user namely : the physical environment, the location as well as the duration of the visit. In the tourism field, the items to be recommended can be of various types (monuments, parks, museums, etc.). Because of the heterogeneous nature of these points of interest, we proposed a composite recommender system. Every recommendation is a list of points of interest that are organized in a package, where each package may constitute a tour for the user. The objective is to recommend the Top-k packages among those who satisfy the constraints of the user (time, cost, etc.). We define a scoring function which estimates the quality of a package according to three criteria : the estimated appreciation of the user, the popularity of points of interest as well as the diversity of packages. We propose an algorithm inspired by composite retrieval to build the list of recommended packages. The experimental evaluation of the system we proposed using a real world data set crawled from Tripadvisor demonstrates its quality and its ability to improve both the relevance and the diversity of recommendations

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Pierre, Michel. "Diagnostic de la fatigue des sols en culture de blé : analyse de la composante biologique." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS067.

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Etude générale bibliographique. Etude de la fatigue des sols dans des systèmes culturaux (monoculture, rotation) : test biologique, simulation sous serre. Etude de la dynamique des nécroses racinaires, de la flore fongique associée, de l'agressivité des isolats fongiques (études au champ et en bac de culture). Essais réalisés pour une collection de sols de différentes régions de France provenant d'expérimentations multilocales de l'ITCF.

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Mitchell, Danielle. "Composing containment: Incorporating the queer into professional and cultural rhetorics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280306.

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Composing Containment speaks to the paradigm shift in composition studies that has been codified in a number of ways, such as the post-process movement, social-epistemic rhetoric, and cultural rhetoric. Integrating concerns in reception theory, textual and cultural analysis, rhetorics of difference, queer theory, and critical composition pedagogy, each chapter includes an investigation of the rhetorical construction and ideological function of difference in a particular social site: the disciplinary practices in composition, the pop-culture program, Will & Grace, and the discourse advocating the legalization of same-sex marriage. Admittedly, these are substantially different sites of inquiry with their own distinct rhetorical, generic, and political expectations; each site deploys difference as it participates in the production of dominant social values, however. Moreover, as the critiques presented in this project reveal, these sites produce similar ideological effects that secure racist, sexist, classist, and heterosexist ideology. Articulating this discursive resonance extends scholarship in rhetoric and composition in multiple ways. First, it engages the discourse of sexuality in order to further chart its rhetorical terrain. Second, while doing so, it identifies and critiques a dominant rhetorical strategy of this discourse, the rhetoric of incorporation. Third, it models a process of critique to demonstrate how this rhetoric works in contradictory ways. While it creates an image of progressive politics through its inclusion and apparent advocacy on behalf of the Other, for instance, the rhetoric of incorporation actually functions to contain the potentially disruptive power of difference---whether that difference is associated with queerness, basic writing, or liberatory pedagogy. Finally, this project suggests that the social prominence and efficacy of this rhetorical strategy can be countered only with methods of critique that link studies of rhetoric to theories of ideology and materiality.

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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Lee N. Robins, Linda B. Cottler, Norman Sartorius, J. D. Burke, and Darrel A. Regier. "Cross-cultural Feasibility, Reliability and Sources of Variance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-108560.

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The CIDI is a fully standardised diagnostic interview designed for assessing mental disorders based on the definitions and criteria of ICD-1Oand DSM-IlI-R. Field trials with the CIDI have been conducted in 18 centres around the world, to test the feasibility and reliability of the CIDI in different cultures and settings, as well as to test the inter-rater agreement for the different types of questions used. Of 590 subjects interviewed across all sites and rated by an interviewer and observer, 575 were eligible for analysis. The CIDI was judged to be acceptable for most subjects and was appropriate for use in different kinds of settings. Many subjects fulfilled criteria for more than one diagnosis (lifetime and six-month). The most frequent lifetime disorders were generalised anxiety, major depression, tobacco use disorders, and agoraphobia. Percentage agreements for all diagnoses were above 90% and the kappa values were all highly significant. No significant numbers of diagnostic disconcordances were found with lifetime, six-month, and four-week time frames.

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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Lee N. Robins, Linda B. Cottler, Norman Sartorius, J. D. Burke, and Darrel A. Regier. "Cross-cultural Feasibility, Reliability and Sources of Variance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)." Technische Universität Dresden, 1991. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26759.

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The CIDI is a fully standardised diagnostic interview designed for assessing mental disorders based on the definitions and criteria of ICD-1Oand DSM-IlI-R. Field trials with the CIDI have been conducted in 18 centres around the world, to test the feasibility and reliability of the CIDI in different cultures and settings, as well as to test the inter-rater agreement for the different types of questions used. Of 590 subjects interviewed across all sites and rated by an interviewer and observer, 575 were eligible for analysis. The CIDI was judged to be acceptable for most subjects and was appropriate for use in different kinds of settings. Many subjects fulfilled criteria for more than one diagnosis (lifetime and six-month). The most frequent lifetime disorders were generalised anxiety, major depression, tobacco use disorders, and agoraphobia. Percentage agreements for all diagnoses were above 90% and the kappa values were all highly significant. No significant numbers of diagnostic disconcordances were found with lifetime, six-month, and four-week time frames.

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Boudreault-Fournier, Alexandrine. "On the beat : Composing with cultural policies and music in Cuba." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499892.

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Trento, Filho Egyno. "Consorciação intercalar em linha com crotalária e feijão guandu anão na soqueira da cana-de-açúcar." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2010. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/368.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 116799 bytes, checksum: 3e8130b0b12cb48079c689686d6e6753 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-01
Two great challenges for the sugar cane agribusiness are the reduction of the investment and of the operational cost to increase the competitiveness of the sugar and of the etanol. The improvement of the chemical and physical quality of the soil in elapsing of the years of cultivation of the cane is one of the factors that contribute to win those challenges. The objective of this work was of evaluating the effect of the row intercropping with Crotalaria juncea (Sunnhemp) and Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea) in the productivity, technological quality and margin of industrial contribution of the ratoon sugarcane. The experiment was accomplished in Valparaíso - SP in the Usina da Barra S/A subsidiary Univalem, using the statistical delineation in randomized blocks with four repetitions each. The results demonstrated that the productivity of stems for hectare of the leguminous was similar to the control. The organic compost as only nutrition source presented the largest productivity. The technological quality was similar in all of the treatments. The treatments Compost organic, Control and Sunnhemp without compost presented Margin of Contribution Industrial fellow creatures amongst themselves and superiors to the other treatments.
Dois grandes desafios para a agroindústria canavieira são a redução do investimento e do custo operacional para aumentar a competitividade do açúcar e do etanol. A melhoria da qualidade química e física do solo no decorrer dos anos de cultivo da cana é um dos fatores que contribuem para vencer esses desafios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito da consorciação intercalar em linha com Crotalaria juncea e Cajanus cajan na produtividade, qualidade tecnológica e na margem de contribuição industrial da soqueira de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado em Valparaíso - SP na Usina da Barra S/A filial Univalem, utilizando o delineamento estatístico blocos completos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os resultados demonstraram que a produtividade de colmos por hectare das leguminosas foram semelhantes à testemunha. O composto orgânico como única fonte de nutrição apresentou a maior produtividade. A qualidade tecnológica foi semelhante em todos os tratamentos. Os tratamentos Composto orgânico, Testemunha e Crotalária sem composto apresentaram Margem de Contribuição Industrial semelhantes entre si e superiores aos outros tratamentos.

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Sutherland, Ian. "From Weimar Republic to Third Reich : composing agency in changing socio-cultural contexts." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/99393.

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This dissertation interrogates the nature of composers as aesthetic agents re-orienting from the socio-cultural contexts of the Weimar Republic (1919-1932) to those of the Third Reich in Germany (1933-1945). Work in the sociology of culture, sociology of arts and sociology of music has focused on cultural consumption, including music, as bound up in the reflexive projects by individuals and groups to constitute and reconstitute their social reality. Within my research I focus on the creation of cultural artefacts, in this case ‘works’ in the Western art music tradition, as central to processes of aesthetic agency where composers are engaged in reflexive projects of constituting and reconstituting their social reality and acting within those constructs. To begin the opening historical chaper, ‘Mortification of Modernism’, uses Goffman’s work in Asylums (1968) to contextualize the cultural policies and activities of the Weimar Republic, considered the classical era of modernism, as a home world from which those involved in modernist ventures developed presenting cultures supported by bespoke institutions established in the early post WWI years. During the waning years of the Republic and the rise of National Socialism, these support structures, including the individuals that made up the cooperative networks of modernism, were destroyed removing most connections to the Weimar Republic modernist home world. In the first years of the Third Reich through numerous denunciations, dismissals, policies, etc. the presenting culture of Weimar modernists was mortified through abasements, degradations and humiliations. Having identified – through qualitative mapping of concert programmes, music reviews and festival participation – composers involved in modernist circles in the Weimar Republic, their career paths and compositional outputs were traced throughout the years of the Third Reich to interrogate the aesthetic agency of composers in light of significant situational and perspectival incongruity. The dissertation then considers each of five composers in depth in separate chapters – Paul Hindemith, Rudolf Wagner-Regeny, Ernst Pepping, Heinrich Kaminski and Wolfgang Fortner. The five were selected based on four criteria: a high degree of activity in Weimar modernist circles (festivals, concerts, societies); continued presence in Germany for a significant portion of the Third Reich; continued professional activity as composers during the Third Reich; access to relevant source material both secondary (biographies, reviews, stylistic analyses, etc.) and primary (scores, letters, diaries, authored texts, etc.) from the subjects. The data illumines complex repertoires of adaptive strategies these individuals engaged in – with, through and to musical products – and how music is not only shaped by wider socio-cultural contexts, but how its construction is a primary resource for agents to respond to and structure the socio-cultural contexts around them. Key findings include the constitution of music as resource for showing both complicity with and subversion against the Nazi Kulturpolitik; as a resource for proxy presence in multiple social spaces (private homes, concert halls, opera houses, etc.) affording the construction and dissemination of composer identity and philosophy; as a technology of self for personal therapy; and in total as a resource for weltanschauung - world-building activity where composers construct and re-construct their social realities through musical creation – music as an active tool in and reflexive resource for individual social reality.

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Lamm, Kimberly Kay. "Composing and contesting the space of visibility : literary and visual portraiture in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American culture /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9340.

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Marrakchi, Sana. "L' eau comme composante de l'espace construit et aménagé dans la culture arabo-musulmane : recherches théoriques et proposition concrète." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010520.

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L'eau est une originalité matérielle et spirituelle. Ses enjeux font appel à de multiples disciplines telles que l'architecture. Un architecte d'intérieur, en particulier, se demande comment mettre au service de l'aménagement d'un espace construit autour d'une composante aussi primordiale que l'eau. Dans le cas présent, il s'agit d'un long cheminement réfléchi sur cet élément, aboutissant à un projet lié à la culture arabo-musulmane. Cette recherche de cinq chapitres se déroule selon un schéma thématique logique. Dans toutes les civilisations, l'eau s'intègre étroitement à l'architecture, au point de stimuler l'audace et le génie. Elle est ici, le fondement d'un projet qui l'utilise non plus comme ornement mais comme matériau au même titre que la brique, le verre ou le béton. Ce concept a été mis en œuvre dans un centre unique en son genre qui se veut musée, espace ludique et pôle d'information par le biais d'une scénographie et d'une muséographie inédites. Se dressant au cœur du désert tunisien, ce bâtiment symbolique s'offrira à un public curieux qui traversera un dédale de parcours où toutes sortes d'expériences sensorielles lui seront proposées.

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Chapman, James Norman. "Afro No-Clash : composing syncretic African/Western music : eleven compositions and the frameworks for their systematic analysis." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16694/.

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This PhD consists of an artistic work (an album of music) and an exegesis. The album contains eleven works for a variety of ensembles, including an eight-piece pop fusion group, a string quartet, an eleven-piece a cappella ensemble, a five-piece contemporary classical ensemble and a six-piece percussion ensemble. Each of these works embraces a blend of African and Western techniques and aesthetics. These works are the result of a compositional praxis which is closely integrated with a theoretical framework that I develop in the exegesis. The purpose of the exegesis is to provide a framework from which to understand the compositions. Perspectives such as postcolonialism are immediately engaged because of the fact that two distinct world cultures are referenced by these compositions. Similarly, the musical aesthetics of the two source cultures are examined because I need to understand the ways that the value systems are expressed in musical terms, and how they might interact in cross-cultural composition. Examination of the literature reveals that there has been a trend in recent decades towards cultural analysis of cross-cultural music but very little work has been done on the technical analysis of such works (Utz 2003). A preliminary list of issues is developed from a survey of ten relevant composers’ works and these issues are categorised into three analytic dimensions: the contextual (cultural), aesthetic and technical. African “musics” and musical cultures are discussed with regard to issues of Western interpretation (Agawu 2003) and appropriate representation, social and cultural preferences and aesthetic values. Likewise Western musical culture is examined in order to understand its colonial impact, its stylistic consistency and ideas that have emerged about aesthetic preferences and the interpretation of meaning (Cone 1972; Kivy 2001). Four frameworks are developed to address each of these analytical dimensions. The first deals with cultural identity and the appropriation of musical ideas, the second with the sensitivity of certain materials. The third framework enables the examination of the aesthetic preferences for each of the cultures involved and the fourth framework provides a taxonomy and vocabulary of terms for use in analysis of the structural and other technical features of cross-cultural Western/African musics. These four frameworks are applied to the eleven compositions that I have completed for this project. I identify distinct approaches to appropriation, aesthetic preferences, the predominance of rhythmic structure and the performative embodiment and narrative transformational processes in my compositions. I conclude by categorising the technical and stylistic preferences embodied in my work, and identifying possible future directions for my compositions and the development of the analytical frameworks.

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Ling, Shao Xiao. "Diálogo entre tradição e contemporaneidade na música erudita do século XX: a obra sinfónica do compositor chinês Zhu Jian-ER." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3798.

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Doutoramento em Música
O presente trabalho tem como objectivo estudar o processo dialógico que se manifesta entre a tradição e a contemporaneidade, nas culturas Oriental e Ocidental, em particular na nova música erudita chinesa do século XX. Evocando uma análise diversificada, e um estudo sobre a “individualidade do diálogo”, aprofundamos o nosso conhecimento sobre o compositor Zhu Jian-Er e a sua obra, enquanto manifesto individual das características e da determinação de um novo fazer artístico. Nesse estudo, trata-se, por um lado, de estudar de que forma a obra de Zhu espelha, e expressa, o espaço dialógico, examinando como a observação e a percepção individual se redimensionam nas diferentes vivências sócio-históricas e políticas do autor, e estas, na história da cultura chinesa do século XX. Procuramos ainda perceber como o auto-conhecimento e a personalidade de Zhu se declaram na sua última fase criativa, e a maneira como as diversas construções técnicoestéticas se edificam e interactuam num ponto de encontro único, e, por sua vez, se influenciam reciprocamente no processo dialógico. A estruturação do presente trabalho contém três partes, abrangendo a narração do contexto sócio-histórico da produção musical de Zhu Jian-Er, a pesquisa sobre a vida e obra do autor e, a análise detalhada da sua Décima Sinfonia. Desvendaremos ainda de que forma integra e interage com os diferentes elementos técnico, estilísticos e estéticos que obtém do contacto com diversas manifestações artísticas, não só da música erudita ocidental, como da música erudita oriental, em particular da tradição musical chinesa, determinando a forma como engloba os elementos que obtém na produção de arte. A maneira como constrói o diálogo entre as duas culturas, e que revela, posteriormente, na produção da sua Décima Sinfonia, constituirá, assim, o âmago deste trabalho.
This work aims to study the dialogical process found between traditionalism and modernism in the eastern and western cultures, particularly in the 20th Century of new Chinese art music. While using a diversified analysis and a study on the individuality of the dialogue we deepen our knowledge on the composer Zhu Jian-Er and his work, as a personal manifest on the characteristics and determination of a new art form. In one hand it will study in which way Zhu’s work mirrors and expresses the dialogical space, by examining how his observations and perceptions will adjust to the different socio-historical and political experiences, and these, in the Chinese culture of the twentieth century. We will, also, seek to understand how self-knowledge and the personality of Zhu, will be manifested in his last creative phase, and how the various technical and aesthetic constructions will interact in a unique meeting point, that will, in turn, influence each other in the dialogical process. This dissertation will be divided in three parts, covering the story of the sociohistorical context of Zhu Jian-Er’s musical production, the research on the life and work of the author, and a detailed analysis of his Tenth Symphony. We will also, unmask how does he integrates and interacts with the various technical elements, stylistic and aesthetic that he gets from the contact with various artistic manifestations, not only the Western art music, but also from the Eastern one, in particularly the Chinese, determining how he encompasses all the elements in his production. The way he generates a dialogue between the two cultures and the way that it will, in turn, show in the production of his Tenth Symphony, will thus be the core of this work.

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Corey, Jessica Rose. "Literate Artifacts and Psychosocial Compositions: Feminist Activism's Composing, Archiving, and Revising of Social Narratives." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1448646252.

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Takara, Cristina da Paz. "Desafios para o desenvolvimento da construção argumentativa: do ensino fundamental II à pressão dos vestibulares no ensino médio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-19042018-134954/.

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Esta pesquisa abrange a temática da construção argumentativa na produção textual nas salas de aula do 9º ano do EFII e 1ª série do EM de uma escola particular de classe média alta em uma cidade da grande São Paulo. Seu foco está nos desafios enfrentados pelos professores para trabalhar a argumentação utilizando-se de repertório sócio-cultural produtivo. Duas grandes dificuldades foram encontradas no trabalho dessa temática: conciliar as orientações dos manuais de redação e apostilas ao trabalho de autoria no que tange à escolha das propostas e variação dos gêneros trabalhados em sala de aula, bem como a dificuldade de os alunos utilizarem seu repertório para a realização de produções cujo conteúdo está priorizado em detrimento da forma. De modo geral, das dúvidas que foram surgindo, a pesquisa foi centrada na seguinte questão: como é possível auxiliar o aluno no desenvolvimento de um repertório sócio-cultural que acrescente elementos relevantes em suas produções escritas? O objetivo da pesquisa é contribuir para investigações, referentes a ensino e aprendizagem de produções escritas, por meio de sequências didáticas (SDs) que contemplem propostas desafiadoras e lúdicas, bem como acompanhar e mensurar os avanços em produção escrita de textos dissertativos, por meio do incentivo ao desenvolvimento de um repertório sócio-cultural, embasado em posicionamentos críticos. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizadas: avaliação diagnóstica, mapeamento do perfil do aluno por meio de uma produção escrita, SDs para aplicação de Proposta de produção inicial e final e organização dos dados em tabelas e gráficos para melhor visualização dos resultados. A análise dos dados foi realizada com base nas concepções teóricas de Bauman (2012), SemeghiniSiqueira (2010), Marcuschi (2008), Martins (2007), Lakoff e Jonhson (2002) e Bakthin (1992). O trabalho ainda apresenta reflexões acerca das concepções de cultura trazidas pelos alunos, detalhamento do trabalho com linguagem verbal e não verbal e concepções do uso metafórico no eixo da informação. A partir dessa pesquisa, depreende-se que é possível contribuir para que ocorra um avanço significativo na aquisição e no uso de um repertório sócio-cultural por meio da aplicação de Sequências Didáticas, ou seja, por propostas lúdico desafiadoras, uma vez que os resultados quantitativos apontam para uma melhora significativa nas competências relacionadas ao uso dessas informações aplicadas à temática trabalhada.
This research covers the thematic of argumentative construction at text production in the 9th grade from ES and 1st grade of HS classrooms of a private upper middle school in a city from São Paulo region. Its focus is on the challenges faced by the teachers to work the argumentation using the socio-cultural productive repertoire. Two major difficulties encountered on the development of this theme are: to conciliate the orientations from the writing manuals and guideswith the work of authorship which touches the choice of the proposals and genders variation worked during the class, as well as the difficulty of the students to use their repertoire in the creation of productions in which content is prioritized in detriment of the form. This researchs objective is to contribute to the investigation in this area through didactic sequences (DSs) that contemplate challenging proposals and epilingual activities, as well as to follow and to measure the advances of reading and writing skills through the incentive to the development and assistance for the utilization of a socio-cultural productive repertoire into dissertation texts in school. In relation tomore specific objectives, there is the identification of the strategies which were more effective during the research, and the comparison of an initial production and a final one throughout two years following the samegroup in distinct segments (FEII and ME), considering the strong influence exercised by the entrance exams comprehended inthis school period. About the methodologic procedures, itwas performed: diagnostic evaluation, students profile mappingthrough a written production, DSs to the application of an initial and final writing proposal and the organization of the data into charts and graphs to a better visualization of the results. The data analysis has been performed with base in the theoretical conceptions of Bauman (2012),Semeghini-Siqueira (2010),Marcuschi (2008), Martins (2007),Lakoff and Jonhson (2002) and Bakthin (1992). This work still presents reflections concerning the culture conceptionsbrought by the students, work detailing with verbal and non-verbal language and conceptions of the metaphorical use in the axis of information. The conclusions indicate that along the DSs there was an advance of the reading competence and the productive use of the socio-cultural repertoire through the re-writing activities developed during the project.

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Ryerson, Rachael. "Queering Writing Pedagogy: A Multimodal Archive of Composing Queer(ly) in the Writing Classroom." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1501671833271702.

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Gillmann, Sidi-Ali Louiza. "Étude de quelques aspects de la physiologie de la croissance mycélienne d'Agaricus bisporus dans la terre de gobetage." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI251.

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La culture du champignon est intéressante car elle permet de convertir la cellulose en un aliment savoureux contenant des protéines. Cependant son importance future sera fonction des méthodes de production économiques mises en place. Les phases I et II du compostage engendrent des modifications du compost de façon à le rendre sélectif pour le mycélium du champignon : dégradation des substances facilement assimilables, libération de métabolites. La causes de la sélectivité du compost au cours de sa croissance est attribuée principalement à la microflore thermophile tels que Bacillus et les actynomycètes. Le rôle des terres de gobetage, les différents facteurs qui affectent le développement et la croissance des carpophores et les mécanismes contrôlant les poussées sont encore mal compris. Néanmoins nous avons pu mettre en évidence au cours de cette étude, le rôle du gobetage sur les composts lardés et sur la physiologie du champignon pendant la phase de fructification. Le gobetage intervient dans une phase de faiblesse de l'activité fongistatique du mycélium d'A. Bisporus et crée des conditions physicochimiques favorables à un développement des bactéries thermophiles et mésophiles. De plus, il provoque des variations enzymatiques au niveau du compost envahi par le mycélium. Le rôle du gobetage sur la physiologie du mycélium est dû principalement à sa composition chimique et, plus précisément du carbonate de calcium qui provoque des modifications de la microflole associée au mycélium, du métabolisme mycélium, et de la morphologie du mycélium (passage de l'état végétatif à l'état de mycélium agrégé).

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Brunelli, Marzia. "A mechanobiology study on the response to mechanical compression of mesenchymal progenitor cells cultured in a composite scaffold made of 3D Insert PCL and collagen gel." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12767/.

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The increased awareness of the ability of cells in detecting mechanical cues from the external environment [1] led to consider the possibility of triggering a cellular response by applying external mechanical forces [2]. In order to drive the commitment of differentiated cells and obtain in vitro engineered implants as replacement for bone fracture sites, a scaffold closely mimicking the 3D distribution of forces acting on bone cells in vivo is required and is still ongoing research. On this purpose, a composite scaffold embedded with collagen (cPCL) is proposed in this study as structure to transmit externally applied mechanical forces to embryonic human mesenchymal stem cells (hES-MPs) through a gelatinous matrix of collagen. A collagen concentration of 2 mg/ml and plasma treatment of scaffolds were selected as optimal conditions for survival and uniform seeding distribution of cells. Then, the second part of the study allowed to fully characterize, by mechanical testing and x-ray imaging, a novel hybrid scaffold able to provide an optimal environment for controlledbone progenitor cells growth. The objective of the last part of the study focused on the evaluation of how short bursts of compressive strain, applied as series of cycles at early stages (L1) and late stages (L2) of culture, affects cellular proliferation, bone tissue formation and the osteogenic response of hES-MPs. Short bursts of compression were found to strongly affect hES-MPs proliferation, suggesting cyclic compressive loading to delay the proliferation of samples compressed once. On the other side, L2 prevented proliferation to occur over 28 days, although greatly enhancing the production of mineral which, instead, was null for samples undergoing L1. This study underlined the existence of a strong link between proliferation and mineralization potential of cells and confirms the possibility to vary their response by short bursts of compression applied on hES-MPs seeded in 3D hybrid scaffolds.

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Jesus, João Paulo Furlan de [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de cinco linhagens de Agaricus Bisporus Lange (Imbach) (“champignon de Paris”) em diferentes formulações de composto e meios de cultura." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90475.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jesus_jpf_me_botfca.pdf: 3440463 bytes, checksum: 00f6075a78b0f618ecce7156da2019da (MD5)
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A produção de composto de qualidade para Agaricus bisporus e a pesquisa por linhagens produtivas são alguns dos principais fatores relacionados à produtividades elevadas. Desta forma, foram realizados dois experimentos: 1. a campo, avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação nitrogenada na formulação de dois tipos de compostos, clássico e sintético, para o cultivo de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus: ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. avaliou-se a influência de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus no desenvolvimento micelial em dois meios de cultura sólidos (CA, composto ágar; e BDA, batata dextrose ágar). No experimento 1, constatou-se durante o processo de compostagem, pasteurização e condicionamento o composto clássico obteve temperatura média e perda de massa 10,56 e 13,29% superiores ao composto sintético, respectivamente. O composto clássico obteve as maiores eficiências biológicas ao final de 25 dias de produção, pelas linhagens ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 com valores de 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49%, respectivamente. Além da eficiência biológica, houve uma tendencia de maior produtividade, número e massa de fresca de basidiomas quando as linhagens foram cultivadas em composto clássico. No experimento II as maiores velocidades de desenvolvimento micelial das linhagens de A. bisporus foram observadas nos meios de cultura CA. Concluiu-se que não houve ligação entre os resultados observados nos experimentos I e II em relação ao potencial genético das...
The production of quality compost for Agaricus bisporus and the research for high productivity strains are some important factors involving high yields. Were carried out two expiriments: 1. at field, the effect of the type of nitrogen supplementation was evaluated, elaborating two types of compost, classic and synthetic, cultivating five strains of A. bisporus ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. was evaluated the influence of five A. bisporus strains on the rate of micelial growth in different type of culture media (MC, compost media; BDA, potato-dextrose-agar). In the first experiment, the data showed that during the composting process, pasteurization and conditioning, the averages temperatures and weight loss 10,56 and 13,29% higher in the classic compost than the synthetic compost . The classic compost had the higher biological efficiency in the end of the crop (25 days), for the strains ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 with values of 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49, respectively. Moreover, there was a tendency for higher yields, number and fresh weight of mushrooms when the strains were cultivated in the classic compost. In the second experiment the highest micelial growth rate by the A. bisporus strains were observed in the compost agar media. It was observed that were no relation between the data in experiments I and II, by the genetic potential of the strains

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33

Boudreau, Philippe. "La politisation comme composante active de l'évolution de la culture mouvementiste : étude du rapport à l'action politique de trois mouvements sociaux québécois, 1980-2009." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32342.

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Quelle a été l’évolution ces dernières décennies du rapport des mouvements sociaux (MS) québecois aux catégories de l’action politique que sont la question nationale, la forme parti et les rapports entre mouvements? La plupart de ces dimensions de l’action politique mouvementiste ont suscité une importante attention de la part des sciences sociales, lorsqu’il s’est agi d’étudier les décennies 1960 et 1970. L’intérêt pour l’étude de ces catégories de l’action des MS des décennies suivantes s’est quelque peu tari, à la faveur d’un récit de la déploration regrettant l’époque glorieuse de la Révolution tranquille et les tumultueuses années 1970. Notre thèse propose de se réapproprier la trame historique d’un demi-siècle d’action politique des MS, en cherchant à repérer les modalités du cheminement de trois mouvements (syndical, féministe, communautaire) sur ce terrain, au travers de l’étude minutieuse des mutations de leur culture politique. Cette dernière a subi d’importantes interpellations et remises en question, sous l’influence de divers facteurs, au cours des dernières décennies. Un de nos arguments centraux est qu’il y a eu au sein des MS québécois un cheminement dans la façon d’aborder la sphère politique et la transformation sociale, cette évolution traduisant chez eux un processus d’apprentissage, à savoir une forme de développement du rapport à l’action politique. Celle-ci se voit conférer le statut de compétence développée dans le quotidien des mouvements, sur le tas, donc par essais et erreurs. Notre enquête sur le terrain a permis de dégager des résultats traités de façon à la fois chronologique et taxonomique, relatifs à nos trois dimensions de l’action politique. Successivement, chacune d’elles fait l’objet d’un chapitre : les rapports entre MS, la question nationale, la forme parti (incluant les élections). Dans chaque cas, l’examen de l’évolution se donne pour tâche de dégager les éléments de bilan faits par les militants et militantes, puis d’exhumer les acquis, souvent tacites, en termes de connaissances politiques. Cette recherche permet de dégager précisément en quoi il y a eu développement du rapport des MS à l’action politique, en outre à l’initiative du mouvement des femmes, dont l’influence a été déterminante.

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Chalhoub, Maha. "Effet de l'apport de composts sur la dynamique hydrique du sol, la disponibilité de l'azote pour la culture et le lessivage du nitrate : cas d'un sol limoneux cultivé du Bassin parisien." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112244.

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L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier l'impact d'apports répétés de composts urbains sur la dynamique de l'eau et de l'azote dans le système sol-plante, en sol cultivé. La dynamique de l'eau a été suivie en sol nu et en sol cultivé avee du maÏs à l'aide de sondes TDR et de tensiomètres, entre 20 et 160 cm de profondeur. Un suivi de la dynamique d'un traceur de l'eau (anion bromure) et de l'azote minéral du sol a été réalisé par des prélèvements destructifs. Les données mesurées ont été utilisées pour simuler la dynamique de l'eau et de l'azote dans le sol suite aux apports de composts à l'aide du modèle PASTIS. L'apport de composts a affecté les propriétés hydriques de l'horizon de surface du sol, en augmentant la rétention en eau et en diminuant les flux d'évaporation par rapport au témoin. Cet effet peut être relié à l'augmentation de la teneur en matière organique du sol après 10 ans d'apports des composts. La modélisation de la dynamique de carbone et de l'azote dans le sol a permis de montrer l'importance des arrières effets des apports précédents sur la fourniture en azote minéral du sol et un effet positif de l'apport de PRO sur la disponibilité de l'azote pour la plante. L'apport d'un compost à forte biodégradabilité, comme amendement organique, présente plus d'intérêt durant l'année qui suit son apport, alors que les composts à faible biodégradabilité représentent l'avantage d'avoir une minéralisation plus importante à long terme (après des apports répétés)
This research aimed at evaluating the effect of repeated application of different types of urban composts on the dynamics of water and nitrogen (N) in a cultivated loamy soil. We conducted a field study to quantify the impact of compost on soil water dynamics, solute transport and nitrogen leaching. Ln addition to the monitoring of soil water potential and water content using tensiometers and TDRs, a tracer study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a compost application on the transport of non-sorbing conservative solutes in soiI. The dynamics of nitrogen was evaluated by sampling destructively the soil to measure its mineral nitrogen content. The deterministic soil-crop model PASTIS was used to simulate the observed water and N dynamics. Compost application affected the soil water properties only in the upper tilled horizon by increasing its water holding capacity and reducing cumulative evaporation under high evaporative demand. This could be explained by the increase in soil organic matter content after 10 years of compost application. Simulated N fluxes showed that the application of urban composts increased nitrogen availability for plants. Compost with high biodegradability presented higher nitrogen release the year following its application, while composts with low biodegradability allowed long term availability of N after several years of compost application

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Novosad-Maehlum, Inna. "Composing: Self-Expression and Self-Actualization through Communication : Ståle Kleiberg and Misha Alperin as representatives of contrasting cultural climates." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for musikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23028.

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In this thesis, the personalities of Ståle Kleiberg and Misha Alperin are approached from psychological, sociological and cultural perspectives. These artists are also viewed as representatives of some of the ways an individual can develop and excel. They are described in terms of their relationship to their respective domains - Kleiberg as a Norwegian contemporary composer and Alperin as a Ukrainian Jewish jazz composer - and also in terms of their relationships with other artistic domains.

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Carvalho, Alisson Jos? Eufr?sio de. "Uso de composto de res?duos da ind?stria t?xtil na cultura da alface." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, 2012. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/580.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T19:34:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) 59.pdf: 1800639 bytes, checksum: 2a683010a1324143f5cfe6d19ea7a744 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
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O crescimento populacional e o cen?rio industrial t?m aumentado ? produ??o de res?duos s?lidos e l?quidos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso do composto de res?duos da ind?stria t?xtil na cultura da alface, em campo. As doses de composto org?nico de res?duos da ind?stria t?xtil foram 0; 7,5; 15; 30 e 60 m3 ha-1 e essas foram comparadas as mesmas doses de vermicomposto e a dose de 40 m3 ha-1 de esterco bovino (tratamento adicional). Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeti??es em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo as parcelas as fontes de fertilizantes e as subparcelas as doses. A dose econ?mica m?xima de composto para a massa fresca da parte a?rea foi de 27,9 m3 ha-1. Em rela??o ao vermicomposto, o composto promoveu maiores teores de P, Cu e Mn e resultado semelhante quanto ? respira??o basal, n?mero de folhas, perda acumulada de massa fresca, senesc?ncia e teores de N, K, Ca, S, B, Zn e Fe. Em rela??o ao esterco, estimou-se que dose equivalente do composto promove maiores teores de carbono org?nico e de macronutrientes, e foi semelhante quanto ? respira??o basal, perda acumulada de massa fresca, senesc?ncia e teores B, Zn, Fe e Mn. Em rela??o a outros res?duos citados na literatura o composto promoveu maior ou igual di?metro m?ximo da cabe?a, n?mero de folhas, massa fresca da parte a?rea, perda acumulada de massa fresca, teores de N, P, K, S, B, Zn e Cu. Os teores de Cu e Mn nas plantas de alface fertilizadas com o composto foram abaixo dos valores considerados t?xicos para consumo humano. A compostagem foi eficiente para o tratamento dos res?duos t?xicos da ind?stria t?xtil e o composto pode ser usado em substitui??o ao esterco bovino na cultura da alface.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012.
ABSTRACT Population growth and industrial landscape have increased the production of solid and liquid waste. This study aimed to evaluate the use of compost waste from the textile industry in lettuce in the field. The doses of organic waste from the textile industry were 0; 7,5; 15, 30 and 60 m3 ha-1 and these were compared with the same doses of vermicompost and the dose of 40 m3 ha-1 of cattle manure (additional treatment). The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks, with four replications in a split-plot, and the sources of fertilizer plots and subplots doses. The economic dose of compound for maximum fresh weight of shoots was 27,9 m3 ha-1. In relation to humus, compost showed higher levels of P, Cu and Mn and a similar result as the basal respiration, leaf number, cumulative loss of weight, senescence and N, K, Ca, S, B, Zn and regarding Fe manure, it was estimated that the equivalent dose of the compound promotes higher levels of organic carbon and nutrients, and was similar for basal respiration, accumulated loss of weight, senescence and B levels, Zn, Fe and Mn. For other wastes reported in the literature the compound promoted or greater diameter of the head, leaf number, shoot fresh weight, cumulative loss of weight, N, P, K, S, B, Zn and Cu . The Cu and Mn in lettuce fertilized with compost were below those toxic for human consumption. Composting is effective for treatment of toxic waste from the textile industry and the compound can be used in place of manure on lettuce.

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Oliveira, Sandra Maria de. "Hibridações: um estudo sobre canções do compositor Zeca Baleiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27161/tde-30082012-124303/.

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O presente estudo tem como objeto a linguagem de canções do compositor popular brasileiro Zeca Baleiro. Consideramos sua forma híbrida por apropriar-se de materiais simbólicos de diversas procedências e temporalidades: matrizes culturais, elementos tradicionais, referenciais locais, nacionais e signos de um universo simbólico compartilhado mundialmente no espaço de fluxos globais. Por seu caráter dialógico e intertextual considerou-se nessas análises as relações entre texto (na materialidade verbal e musical) e contexto (seus significados). Nesse intuito, propusemos a experiência de articulação metodológico-analítica entre Análise dialógica do discurso baseada em Mikhail Bakhtin e Semiologia para análise da música popular de Philip Tagg. Trata-se de observar a construção de sentidos de sua linguagem poético-musical em relação a temas relevantes da cultura na contemporaneidade
The present study has as an object the language of Brazilian popular composer Zeca Baleiros songs. We consider its hybrid form of ownership of symbolic materials from different origins and time frames: cultural sources, traditional elements, local and national references and signs of a symbolic universe globally shared in the space of global flows. Because of its dialogic and intertextual aspect, it was considered, in our analysis, the relations between text (in their verbal and musical materiality) and context (their meanings). To that end, we have suggested the experience of methodological and analytical articulation between dialogic discourse analysis based on Mikhail Bakhtin and semiology to analyze the popular music by Philip Tagg. It is to observe the construction of the signification of his poetic and musical language in relation to relevant issues in contemporary culture

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38

Jesus, João Paulo Furlan de 1985. "Desenvolvimento de cinco linhagens de Agaricus Bisporus Lange (Imbach) ("champignon de Paris") em diferentes formulações de composto e meios de cultura /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90475.

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Orientador: Marli Teixeira de Almeida Minhoni
Banca: Meire Cristina Nogueira de Andrade
Banca: Eduardo Bagagli
Resumo: A produção de composto de qualidade para Agaricus bisporus e a pesquisa por linhagens produtivas são alguns dos principais fatores relacionados à produtividades elevadas. Desta forma, foram realizados dois experimentos: 1. a campo, avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação nitrogenada na formulação de dois tipos de compostos, clássico e sintético, para o cultivo de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus: ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. avaliou-se a influência de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus no desenvolvimento micelial em dois meios de cultura sólidos (CA, composto ágar; e BDA, batata dextrose ágar). No experimento 1, constatou-se durante o processo de compostagem, pasteurização e condicionamento o composto clássico obteve temperatura média e perda de massa 10,56 e 13,29% superiores ao composto sintético, respectivamente. O composto clássico obteve as maiores eficiências biológicas ao final de 25 dias de produção, pelas linhagens ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 com valores de 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49%, respectivamente. Além da eficiência biológica, houve uma tendencia de maior produtividade, número e massa de fresca de basidiomas quando as linhagens foram cultivadas em composto clássico. No experimento II as maiores velocidades de desenvolvimento micelial das linhagens de A. bisporus foram observadas nos meios de cultura CA. Concluiu-se que não houve ligação entre os resultados observados nos experimentos I e II em relação ao potencial genético das...
Abstract: The production of quality compost for Agaricus bisporus and the research for high productivity strains are some important factors involving high yields. Were carried out two expiriments: 1. at field, the effect of the type of nitrogen supplementation was evaluated, elaborating two types of compost, classic and synthetic, cultivating five strains of A. bisporus ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. was evaluated the influence of five A. bisporus strains on the rate of micelial growth in different type of culture media (MC, compost media; BDA, potato-dextrose-agar). In the first experiment, the data showed that during the composting process, pasteurization and conditioning, the averages temperatures and weight loss 10,56 and 13,29% higher in the classic compost than the synthetic compost . The classic compost had the higher biological efficiency in the end of the crop (25 days), for the strains ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 with values of 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49, respectively. Moreover, there was a tendency for higher yields, number and fresh weight of mushrooms when the strains were cultivated in the classic compost. In the second experiment the highest micelial growth rate by the A. bisporus strains were observed in the compost agar media. It was observed that were no relation between the data in experiments I and II, by the genetic potential of the strains
Mestre

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39

Morris, Matt. "A history of Christchurch home gardening from colonisation to the Queen's visit: gardening culture in a particular society and environment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Culture, Literature and Society, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/936.

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Garden histories since the mid 1990s have increasingly turned to studies of vernacular gardens as sites of identity formation. More recently, the development of environmental history and specifically urban environmental history has started to show how vernacular gardening in suburban and urban spaces has contributed to changes in urban environments. Relatively little work on home gardening history in this sense has been undertaken in the New Zealand context, while in Australia such work is well underway. This study augments knowledge of home gardening history in New Zealand by focussing on one urban area, Christchurch, known both as the 'Garden City' and as 'one of the most English cities outside of England'. An examination of gardening literature over the period from European colonisation in 1850 to the first visit to the city by a reigning monarch in 1954 highlights changes in gardening tropes rather than particular garden fashions or elements. The four principal tropes of abundance, beauty, protection and sustenance, each supported with a particular kind of ritual-like garden competition, show how gardening discourses related to ideas about the maintenance of the social and cultural order. A more objective measure of attitudes to gardens is gained by examining 1823 property advertisements across the period. Categorised by suburb this analysis shows a level of gardening variation across the city. Following this analysis, case studies of four suburbs in three areas were undertaken. These were based primarily on oral histories and reveal the extent of gardening variation across the city, and the limited but significant effect that gardening discourses had on gardens. This suggests methodological problems with many studies of vernacular gardens, as well as opportunities for further studies. This thesis also demonstrates the value of home gardening histories to urban environmental history, particularly with regard to the former colonies of the British Empire.

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40

Noirot-Cosson, Paul-Emile. "Optimisation de l'insertion des Produits Résiduaires Organiques dans les systèmes de cultures d'un territoire francilien : évolution des stocks de carbone organique et substitution des engrais minéraux." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0011/document.

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L’utilisation des Produits Résiduaires Organiques (PRO) par l’agriculture peut permettre de substituer une partie des engrais minéraux et augmenter les niveaux de matière organique des sols. Elle peut également générer des pollutions azotées via la lixiviation de nitrate ou des émissions gazeuses. Mieux connaitre le devenir du carbone (C) et de l’azote (N) après applications de PRO sur les sols agricoles contribue à améliorer les bénéfices de cette pratique et à en limiter les impacts environnementaux. Cette thèse a pour objectif: (i) de prédire les dynamiques du C et du N en cas d’applications de PRO sur les sols agricoles, (ii) d’étudier les effets de scenarios d’apports de PRO sur les stocks de carbone dans les sols, la substitution des engrais azotés et les pollutions azotées dans le contexte du territoire de la Plaine de Versailles, en prenant en compte la diversité des sols, de leurs teneurs en C et des successions culturales, (iii) d’améliorer ces bénéfices à l’échelon du territoire via une distribution optimale des PRO. Le modèle CERES-EGC a été utilisé pour simuler les effets de 13 ans d’apports de PRO sur les dynamiques de C et de N dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère de l’expérimentation QualiAgro, située au cœur du territoire d’étude. Le sous-modèle NCSOIL a été paramétré à partir de cinétiques de minéralisation de C et N mesurées en conditions contrôlées de laboratoire. Le transfert de ces paramètres dans CERES-EGC a permis de simuler correctement les évolution des stocks de carbone dans les sols, les rendements et les prélèvements de N par les cultures ainsi que l’évolution des stocks de N minéral dans les sols. Les dynamiques de minéralisation de C et N des 18 PRO disponibles sur le territoire ont été déterminées. NCSOIL a été paramétré à partir des caractéristiques analytiques et des résultats de fractions biochimiques des PRO. Les types de sol du territoire n’ont pas impacté significativement le paramétrage. Les PRO ont été classés selon 4 types : (1) composts stables, (2) composts moins matures restant plus réactifs et les fumiers stables, (3) des fumiers très réactifs correspondant à des fumiers de chevaux, (4) des PRO très réactifs tels que des boues et des fientes pouvant plutôt être utilisés comme fertilisants. De nombreux scenarios d’apport de PRO, contraints par les flux de phosphore et de N apportés, ont été simulés sur 20 ans dans tous les contextes de sols, successions culturales et teneurs en C organique des sols du territoire. Le type de sol a impacté le plus le stockage de C et les lixiviations de nitrate tandis que les successions culturales étaient prépondérantes sur la substitution des engrais. Des composts ont permis de stocker 1.1 t C ha- 1 an-1 allant jusqu’63% du C apporté. Des substitutions de 74 kg N ha-1 an-1 ont été atteintes avec une boue mais aussi un compost en prenant en compte la substitution des engrais liée aux augmentations de matière organique dans les sols. La substitution des engrais a pu atteindre plus de 90% du N apporté par les PRO, ceci étant lié aux arrières-effets sur le stockage de matière organique dans les sols et dépendant des hypothèses de calcul de la substitution des engrais azotés. Un modèle d’optimisation a été développé pour sélectionner les scenarios d’apports de PRO pour chaque ilot du territoire (sol x succession de culture x teneur en C organique initiale x surface) tenant compte de la disponibilité des PRO et avec pour objectif de maximiser le stockage de C ou les substitutions en engrais azotés ou de minimiser la lixiviation de nitrate au niveau du territoire. En apportant préférentiellement les PRO les plus stables sur les sols à fort potentiel de stockage de C (fortes teneurs en argile et calcaire), jusqu’à 0.47 t C ha-1 an- 1 pourrait être stocké. En appliquant préférentiellement les PRO fertilisants sur les successions à maïs, et les PRO amendants sur les successions à colza jusqu’à 53 kg N ha-1 an-1 de N de synthèse pourrait être économisés
The use of Exogenous Organic Matter (EOM) in agriculture could be an efficient way to substitute mineral fertilisation and increase soil organic matter (SOM) enhancing soil fertility and storing carbon (C). It could also cause nitrogen (N) pollutions such as nitrate leaching and gas emissions. Better understanding of C and N fate after EOM applications on cropped soils would allow improving these benefits while limiting environmental impacts. This thesis aims at: (i) predicting EOM impacts when applied on cropped soils, (ii) studying the effects of various scenarios of EOM applications in terms of C storage, synthetic N saving and N pollutions in the context of the Plain of Versailles region (221 km²) and taking into account soil diversity, crop successions and soil organic C contents, (ii) studying the potential for improving these benefits at the regional scale with an optimal distribution of EOM. The CERES-EGC crop model was used to simulate the effects of repeated applications of EOM over 13 years on both soil C and N dynamics in the soil-crop-water-air system of the long-term field experiment QualiAgro located within the region. The sub-model NCSOIL was parameterised from C and N mineralisation kinetics of EOM measured in laboratory conditions. When transposing the parameters into the CERES-EGC model, C storage at the field scale was well simulated, together with crop N uptake and yields, as well as soil mineral N contents. The kinetics of C and N mineralisation of the 18 EOM available in the region were used along with EOM biochemical fractionations for parameterising the NCSOIL model. The soil type did not significantly change EOM parameters. Four groups of EOM were distinguished based on their C and N dynamics: (i) stable composts, (2) more reactive and less mature composts and stable manures, (3) manures with reactive OM corresponding to horse manures and (4) very reactive EOM as sludges, litters that should be used as fertilisers. Numerous scenarios of EOM applications, constrained on the phosphorus and N quantities they bring (and limiting the input in trace elements), were simulated for 20 years in all regional contexts of soil, crop successions and soil organic C contents. The soil type was the main factor controlling C storage and N leaching while it was crop successions for N saving. Some composts allowed C storage up to 1.1 t C ha-1 yr -1 reaching 63% of C applied. N saving of 74 kg N ha-1 yr -1 were possible with a dried sewage sludge and a compost. N substitution could reach more than 90% of N applied with EOM, these high percentages being related with the indirect effect of EOM on soil OM and the hypothesis made for N substitution An optimisation model was developed to select EOM application scenario for each crop plot (soil x crop succession x initial soil OC content x area) accounting for EOM availability in the region with the objectives of maximising C storage or synthetic N saving or minimising N leaching at the regional scale. Applying preferentially the most stable EOM on soils with the highest potential for C storage i.e. with the highest calcareous and clay contents, up to 0.47 t C ha-1 yr-1 could be stored. Applying preferentially fertilising EOM on crop succession with maize and amending EOM on succession with rapeseed, up to 53 kg N ha-1 yr -1 could be saved

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Duret, Cédric. "Culture de cellules épithéliales non parenchymateuses isolées à partir de foies humains adultes et différenciation vers l'hépatocyte : une nouvelle composante cellulaire pour la biothérapie et les études de pharmaco-toxicologue ?" Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20075.

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Les cultures primaires d'hépatocytes humains hautement différenciés sont largement utilisées pour les études de physiopathologie hépatique et de métabolisme des xénobiotiques. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous montrons que les composés anti-fongiques kétoconazole et miconazole sont des antagonistes du récepteur des glucocorticoïdes et provoquent une diminution de l'expression des xénorecepteurs CAR et PXR qui contrôlent l'expression des enzymes du métabolisme des médicaments de phase I, II et III. Ces résultats indiquent que ces molécules connues pour être des inhibiteurs fonctionnels des CYPs, peuvent aussi inhiber la transcription des gènes impliqués dans la détoxication. Les besoins actuels en hépatocytes humains normaux et différenciés sont grandissant à la fois pour la recherche académique et industrielle, mais aussi pour le développement de la biothérapie hépatique. Pour cette raison, l'objectif principal de cette thèse était de développer les conditions d'isolement, d'amplification et de différenciation en hépatocyte des progéniteurs ou des cellules souches intra et extra-hépatiques. Dans ce but, nous nous sommes brièvement intéressés au potentiel de différenciation hépatique des cellules mononuclées de sang de cordon ombilical ou périphérique. Puis nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'utilisation des progéniteurs intra-hépatiques adultes. Nous avons établi les conditions d'isolement et de culture de long terme d'une population cellulaire épithéliale non parenchymateuse isolée à partir de foies humains adultes. In vitro, ces cellules se différencient vers l'hépatocyte et adoptent un phénotype intermédiaire fœtal/adulte. Dans le futur, ces cellules pourraient constituer une alternative aux hépatocytes adultes pour la biothérapie et les recherches académiques et industrielles
Highly differentiated human hepatocyte primary cultures are widely used in hepatic physiopathology and drug metabolism studies. In the first part of this thesis, we have shown that anti-fungi compounds ketoconazole and miconazole antagonize the glucocorticoid receptor. This inhibitory activity elicits decreased expression of CAR and PXR xenoreceptors implicated in the transcription control of phase I, II and III drug metabolism enzymes. These results show that, in addition to their well know inhibitory effect on CYP enzyme activities, ketoconazole and miconazole also inhibit the expression of genes involved in drug metabolism. Currently, normal and differentiated human hepatocytes availability is not sufficient to respond to researches activities, and liver biotherapy increase request. For this reason, the first aim of this thesis was to develop the culture and differentiation of human intra and extra-hepatic stem cells, or progenitors in hepatocyte-like cells. In this objective, as a cell source, we first investigated in adult and blood cord hematopoeitic stem cell differentiation. Then, we have focused our attention on human hepatic adult progenitor cells. We described the condition for the isolation and the long term culture of non parenchymal epithelial cells isolated from adult human livers. In vitro, these cells differentiate to hepatocyte-like cells and adopt an intermediary fetal/adult hepatic phenotype. In the future, these cells may constitute an attractive alternative to human adult hepatocytes for biotherapy, and the academic and industrial researches

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Grellier, Brigitte. "Approche biotechnologique des mycorhizes : culture in vitro et physiologie des associations ectomycorhiziennes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605677t.

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Plénet, Daniel. "Fonctionnement des cultures de maïs sous contrainte azotée : détermination et application d'un indice de nutrition." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_PLENET_D.pdf.

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Nos objectifs sont de déterminer la demande en azote des cultures de maïs et d'analyser l'impact de la contrainte azotée sur leur fonctionnement. Pour comparer différentes doses d'azote et le fractionnement des apports, nous avons étudié les cinétiques de croissance des cultures irriguées pendant 4 années dans le sud-ouest de la France. Nous avons déterminé une relation allométrique critique entre la teneur en azote et la biomasse aérienne accumulée pour diagnostiquer le statut azote du maïs. Nous définissons un indice de nutrition azotée (INN) pour étudier les effets des traitements azotés. Il est comparé à des techniques rapides de diagnostic comme le diagnostic foliaire ou un test nitrate plante. Un modèle de croissance potentielle est déterminé à partir de nos résultats. Il décompose les processus de production en 3 grandes fonctions: installation du couvert foliaire, absorption et conversion du rayonnement solaire en biomasse, répartition des assimilats dans les racines et les épis. Il permet de simuler la croissance et de caractériser les indicateurs de fonctionnement dans leur état potentiel en fonction des températures et du rayonnement solaire. En utilisant INN, nous avons quantifié les effets de la contrainte azotée sur les principales variables du modèle de croissance et sur les composantes du rendement. En 1991, des cinétiques d'utilisation des engrais marqués (15N) sont comparées pour analyser les effets du fractionnement et des doses d'azote. Nous proposons une modélisation de la demande critique en azote du peuplement et des transferts dans la plante. Des simulations de la croissance potentielle et de la demande en azote des cultures de maïs, en fonction d'études climatiques fréquentielles, permettront d'améliorer les recommandations de la fertilisation azotée pour préserver la qualité de l'environnement

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Chaaban, Lubna. "An Investigation of the Composing Processes and Writing Strategies of Syrian University Students Majoring in English and the Socio-cultural Factors that Influence their Writing." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520041.

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The present study is an investigation of the composing processes and writing strategies of Syrian students majoring in English Language and Literature, as well as an examination of the sociocultural factors that may influence their writing skills and its development. The study predominantly adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing a number of research methods, namely concurrent verbal protocols, stimulated recall interviews, semi-structured general interviews and classroom observations. The participants involved in the study belonged to two groups; teachers (N=6) and students (N=11) from two different cohorts, in the second and fourth years of their degree. Each student participant wrote two essays. Each writing session was followed by a stimulated recall interview. General semi-structured interviews were conducted with both teachers and students. The analysis of the think-aloud protocols and stimulated recall interview data revealed that the participants made use of eight main strategies and twenty eight sub-strategies \vhile composing both essays. It appeared that the students' level of writing proficiency, the type of task they were composing, and the context in which the writing takes place all affected the participants' writing behaviour. The analysis of data gathered from the semi-structured general interviev·,s with teachers and students, as well as observations of writing classes, revealed that the participants' writing skills development is influenced by a number of socio-cultural factors. These factors related to the participants' past learning experiences, such as their approach to learning in general and the lack of adequate writing instruction and feedback in the pre-tertiary educational stages. Also relevant were participants' present learning experiences, such as large class sizes and mixed proficiency groups. Other factors related to the teachers and teaching practices. Haying multiple instructors for every class appeared to affect the teaching/learning process, particularly because of a lack of coordination and cooperation between the members of staff regarding the materials being introduced in class. A number of factors related to the writing process. such as the influence of Arabic on the way the participants compose in English. Finally, motivational factors were identified which were associated with the socio-cultural environment. There was a lack of motivation among students to practise and master writing which resulted from certain teaching practices in addition to perceptions about the lack of importance of writing for the students' future careers. The thesis closes by discussing the implications of the study for enhancing the teaching of writing in Syria.

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Conway, April Rayana. "Practitioners of Earth: The Literacy Practices and Civic Rhetorics of Grassroots Cartographers and Writing Instructors." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1459792763.

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Ohene-Larbi, Stephen. "Harnessing Multimodality in First-Year Composition Classroom in Second Language (L2) Settings to Enhance Effective Writing." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1573566926659647.

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Affonso, Debora Sousa França. "Música e bilinguismo: como a identidade cultural das crianças pode se evidenciar em suas composições musicais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27157/tde-12032013-155113/.

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A partir de um apanhado bibliográfico sobre os modelos possíveis de educação bilíngue, bilinguismo, língua, linguagem, aquisição de linguagem, identidade, cultura e identidade cultural na pós-modernidade, a pesquisa aqui apresentada investiga e discute evidências da identidade cultural de crianças que estudam em escolas bilíngues, evidências essas encontradas em suas composições musicais. Recebe de Bloomfield (1933) e Thiery (1978) uma visão do bilinguismo que leva em consideração o sujeito inserido em uma sociedade e detentor de cultura. Apresenta os modelos de educação bilíngue com o aporte de Fishman e Lovas (1970) e Hamers e Blanc (2000) e faz uso de um estudo realizado com escolas bilíngues por meio de questionário, para constatar que o modelo de imersão é o mais comum na educação infantil enquanto o ensino fundamental tem o modelo de enriquecimento com grande presença. Busca-se aqui conceituar língua e linguagem para entender como música pode ser considerada uma linguagem, e apontar que, pelo uso de símbolos e potencial de comunicação, e por ser conhecida por todos os indivíduos, a música é sim uma linguagem, passível de interpretação subjetiva. A identidade é ponto fundamental na pesquisa, na especificidade de cada sujeito, sua formação e entendimento de cultura (Hall, 1997, 2000, 2006) identificáveis nas composições musicais. A metodologia adotada é de cunho etnográfico, em que as composições coletadas durante as aulas de música dadas pela pesquisadora são tratadas como evidências que auxiliam em responder qual papel as aulas de música podem ter na formação de identidade cultural e aprendizagem de linguagem. O presente estudo também visa compartilhar algumas sugestões de atividades de música, tanto em português como em inglês, oferecendo conteúdos de linguagem musical, apreciação, escuta, composição e improvisação, e diminuir o espaço entre prática e pesquisa, que há na educação musical, especificamente no contexto bilíngue.
Through a literature review on bilingual education models, bilingualism, language and its acquisition, identity, culture and cultural identity in postmodern societies, this research investigates and discusses the cultural identity evidences on musical compositions from students in a bilingual school. Takes from Bloomfield (1993) and Thiery (1978) a bilingualism vision that considers the subject inserted in a society and culture owner. Elaborates on bilingual education models with inputs from Fishman and Lovas (1970) and Hamers and Blanc (2000) and draws upon a questionnaire research with bilingual schools to state that immersion is the most common model in pre-K schools while additive models in elementary schools are the main actor. Aims to conceptualize language to understand how music can be considered a language and points out that due to its use of symbols and communication potential, and for being known by all individuals, music is indeed a language, subjected to interpretation. Identity is one main support for the research, either on the specificity of each subject, his formation and cultural understanding (Hall, 1997, 2000, 2006) seen on musical compositions. Embraces an ethnographic methodology where the compositions recorded during musical classes given by the researcher are evidences that help to answer the role that music classes might have in the cultural identity formation and language learning. Shares some suggestions of musical activities both in Portuguese and English with musical language, appreciation, listening, composing and improvising contents. It also aims to close the gap between practices and research today in music education, specifically in a bilingual context.

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AraÃjo, Francisco JosÃ Freire de. "Aproveitamento de resÃduos de caranguejo uÃÃ gerados pelas barracas da praia do futuro como fonte alternativa de adubo orgÃnico em cultura de feijÃo caupi." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=674.

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nÃo hÃ
O atual gerenciamento dos ResÃduos SÃlidos Urbanos (RSU) na maioria das cidades brasileiras vem se mostrando pouco eficaz para o atendimento das populaÃÃes, tanto pela explosÃo demogrÃfica ocorrida nas Ãltimas dÃcadas como pelo seu estilo de vida consumista. A produÃÃo massiva de resÃduos sÃlidos, lÃquidos e gasosos tambÃm estÃ ligada diretamente Ã tecnologia empregada no beneficiamento dos produtos extraÃdos da natureza, os quais, na maioria das vezes, sÃo difÃceis de serem reabsorvidos pelos ecossistemas. Dessa maneira, a limpeza urbana assume um importante papel dentre as necessidades da sociedade brasileira, adquirindo importÃncia sanitÃria, econÃmico-financeira, social e estÃtica. Estudos realizados quanto ao aproveitamento e reciclagem dos lixos revelaram suas potencialidades e uma excelente alternativa como destino final de muitos resÃduos urbanos. O presente estudo ressalta a problemÃtica dos RSU, tendo como objetivo propor uma alternativa para reduÃÃo de resÃduos orgÃnicos de caranguejo uÃa gerados pelas barracas de praia, localizadas na Praia do Futuro, na cidade de Fortaleza, bem como sugerir, aos demais estabelecimentos comerciais que produzem o mesmo tipo de resÃduo, transformÃ-los em fertilizantes orgÃnicos. A pesquisa tambÃm procurou verificar a viabilidade do produto gerado dos resÃduos de caranguejo como uma fonte nutricional alternativa para uma cultura de feijÃo caupi. A escolha dessa cultura se deve primeiramente pela sua relevÃncia para populaÃÃo e por oferecer uma rÃpida resposta, sendo uma cultura de ciclo curto. AlÃm de estudar a composiÃÃo do lixo gerado por esses estabelecimentos, a pesquisa tambÃm buscou analisar sua composiÃÃo quÃmica, seu rendimento e buscar dados de produtividade como altura da planta, nÃmero de vagens, tamanho das vagens, peso das vagens, nÃmero de sementes por vagens e peso de cem sementes. Para este estudo foram testados vinte e dois tratamentos com quatro repetiÃÃes, os quais variavam quanto Ãs proporÃÃes de adubo de caranguejo e fertilizante quÃmico de ambos para que fossem verificadas suas respostas. O percentual de matÃria orgÃnica reciclÃvel desse lixo estudado Ã de aproximadamente 87,34%, entretanto, os resÃduos de caranguejo contribuem com 52% desses rejeitos. O rendimento desse material Ã de aproximadamente 24%. Alguns parÃmetros analisados como nitrogÃnio, fÃsforo, cÃlcio e magnÃsio ganharam destaque devido seus valores percentuais, encontrados nesse produto orgÃnico, variarem de duas a quatro vezes mais quando os mesmos sÃo observados numa amostra de esterco bovino. Os dados relativos Ã produtividade revelaram que os tratamentos que proporcionaram os melhores resultados tinham em comum a presenÃa da farinha de caranguejo, mostrando que a adiÃÃo desse composto orgÃnico melhora as respostas quanto aos parÃmetros de produtividade, implicando na reduÃÃo da quantidade de fertilizantes quÃmicos no solo, no aumento da economia para o produtor e um destino adequado para os resÃduos sÃlidos orgÃnicos gerados.
The current management of the Urban Solids Residuals (URS) in most Brazilian cities have been considered to be slightly inefficient for the demand of the population, due to the rapid growth of the population in the last few decades and also because of their consuming lifestyle. The massive production of solid, liquids and gas residuals is also directly linked with the technology employed to benefit products extracted from nature, which most cases are difficult to be reabsorbed by the ecosystems. In this way, the urban cleanliness assumes an important role among the needs of the Brazilian society; gaining sanitary, economic, social and aesthetic importance. Studies conducted regarding the positive outcomes and the recycling of rubbish have shown its potentialities and an excellent alternative to the final disposal of many urban residuals. The current study highlights the problems and concerns with the URS, and suggests an alternative for the reduction of crabâs organic residuals generated by the restaurants at Futuroâs Beach in Fortaleza. In addition, the present study also proposes to other commercial establishments that produce such residuals, opportunity to transform them in organic fertilizers. The research aims to verify the viability for a better use of crabâs residuals generated by the restaurants at Futuroâs Beach as an alternative organic compost, working as a nutritional resource for a culture of Caupi beans. The choice for this culture is primarily due to its relevance to the wide population and also for being able to offer a quick response, as it is a culture of short cycle. Further to the study of the composition of the rubbish generated by such establishments, the research also aimed to analyse its chemical composition, its income and to look for productivity items such as plantâs height, number and size of string beans, weight of string beans, number of seeds per string beans, and the weight of a hundred seeds. For the purpose of this study, twenty two treatments, with four repetitions, which varied between the proportions of crab compost and chemical fertilizers in both of them were used in order to verify the results. The percentage of recyclable organic contents of this rubbish studied is about 87, 34%. However, crabâs residuals contributed with 52%. The income of this material is around 24%. Some parameters analysed like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium stood out due to its percentage values, found in this organic product, vary between 3 and 4 times more than those found in a sample of bovine compost. The data related to the productivity revealed that the treatments which obtained the best results had in common the presence of crabâs flour. This shows that by adding this organic compost enhances productivity parameters, which has a direct impact in the reduction of the amounts of chemical fertilizers used in the soil, a financial saving for the farmer and an adequate means for the organic solid residuals generated.

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Pandin, Caroline. "Exploration des mécanismes impliqués dans la bioprotection d'Agaricus bisporus par les biofilms de Bacillus subtilis QST713." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA025/document.

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Les pertes alimentaires mondiales se chiffrent à environ un tiers des aliments destinés à la consommation humaine, soit environ 1,3 milliards de tonnes par an (FAO). Une large fraction de ces pertes est due aux altérations microbiologiques des denrées alimentaires. L’utilisation de produits phytosanitaires reste aujourd’hui la solution la plus largement utilisée en agriculture pour limiter ces pertes. Cependant, avec le plan EcoPhyto 2, le gouvernement français a pour objectif de réduire de 50% l’usage des pesticides chimiques d’ici 2025, en particulier en promouvant l’émergence du biocontrôle. Pour développer cette approche, il est cependant nécessaire de comprendre, pour mieux les maitriser, les mécanismes sous-jacents. Les différents modes d’action de biocontrôle par les microorganismes décrits sont la stimulation des défenses naturelles des plantes, la production de substances antimicrobienne et la compétition nutritionnelle. L'originalité de ce projet est d'intégrer le mode de vie en biofilm dans les mécanismes de bioprotection (compétition spatiale et nutritionnelle, libération de principes antimicrobiens). Dans la filière Française des champignons de couche (Agaricus bisporus), l’agent de biocontrôle utilisé depuis 2008 par plus de 80 % de la filière, est Bacillus subtilis QST713. Ce biofongicide montre une nette efficacité contre Trichoderma aggressivum, la principale moisissure à l’origine de pertes économiques lors de la culture d’A. bisporus. Afin d’accompagner la filière dans cette voie biologique, nous avons entrepris de séquencer et étudier le génome de cette souche, afin de déterminer son potentiel de biocontrôle et sa capacité à former des biofilms. Nous avons également évalué l’impact de ce biofongicide sur la dynamique des communautés microbiennes du compost de culture d’A. bisporus exposé ou non à T. aggressivum. Enfin, l'étude de la reprogrammation cellulaire de cet agent de biocontrôle lors de sa culture en micromodèles axéniques, nous a permis une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes de colonisation des substrats et d'inhibition des flores indésirables. Ce projet a permis d’enrichir les connaissances vis-à-vis des mécanismes de biocontrôle dans la filière des champignons et pourra permettre une possible application à d’autres filières agricoles
Worldwide, food losses amount for about one-third of food for human consumption, 1.3 billion tons per year (FAO). A large fraction of these losses are due to microbiological alterations. The use of phytosanitary products remains today the most widely used solution in agriculture to limit these losses. However, with the EcoPhyto 2 plan, the French government aims to reduce the use of chemical pesticides by 50% by 2025, in particular by promoting the emergence of biocontrol. To develop this approach, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms. The different modes of action of biocontrol by the microorganisms described are the stimulation of the natural defenses of the plants, the production of antimicrobial substances and the nutritional competition. The originality of this project is to integrate the biofilm mode of life into bioprotection mechanisms (spatial and nutritional competition, release of antimicrobial principles). In the French sector of the button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) culture, the biocontrol agent used since 2008 by more than 80% of the sector, is Bacillus subtilis QST713. This biofungicide shows a clear efficacy against Trichoderma aggressivum, the main mold causing economic losses during the cultivation of A. bisporus. To accompany the sector in this biological pathway, we have sequenced and studied the genome of this strain, in order to determine its biocontrol potential and its ability to form biofilms. We also evaluated the impact of this biofungicide on the dynamics of microbial communities in A. bisporus culture compost exposed or not to T. aggressivum. Finally, the study of the cellular reprogramming of this biocontrol agent during the culture in axenic micromodels allowed us a better understanding of the substrates colonization phenomenon and the inhibition of undesirable flora. This project will enrich the knowledge of the biocontrol mechanisms used in the mushroom industry and may allow a possible application to other agricultural sectors

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Gourlet, Pauline. "Montrer le faire, construire l’agir : une approche développementale de la conception mise en œuvre à l’école primaire." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080023/document.

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Abstract:

- Pourquoi vous aimez faire des vidéos ? - Bah parce que... on me voit et ça fait du bien de voir les gens ! - Moi, c’est parce que… moi j’ai envie d’être une star de cinéma. Depuis quelques semaines dans cette classe de CP, l’enseignant cherche avec ses élèves comment son téléphone portable peut médiatiser efficacement l’apprentissage de l’écriture. Nous le rencontrons en novembre 2015 et introduisons dans la classe un artefact numérique qui vise à instrumenter les activités de production de contenus numériques des élèves.Cette thèse interroge la conception et l’évaluation d’artefacts numériques, et contribue à répondre à la question suivante : comment concevoir pour contribuer au développement des activités scolaires de manière durable ? Et comment les artefacts numériques participent-ils de ce développement ? Nous dessinons une approche développementale de la conception, qui propose de déplacer l’objet de la conception des artefacts aux formes de l’agir collectif ; approche que nous mettons en œuvre à travers une recherche action longitudinale ancrée en ergonomie dans la classe de CP d’une école publique. Nous proposons son pendant méthodologique, qui entend transformer autant que comprendre : une démarche de « recherche par version », construite à partir des démarches participatives en design d’interaction et de la théorie socio-culturelle de l’activité, qui met en avant la dimension développementale et sociale de l’agir. Notre étude a pour objet l’interrelation du développement des artefacts numériques et des personnes au sein de la classe de CP. Nous nous appuyons sur les concepts issus de l’approche instrumentale, qui permettent d’étudier les transformations des activités des personnes dans la classe, en considérant l’histoire socialement distribuée de la création de leurs instruments. Nous concluons sur l’intérêt de considérer la conception d’artefacts techniques comme un processus continu, situé et distribué
- Why do you like making videos?- Mmmh, because… I can be seen, and it feels good to see people.- Me, it is because I would like to be a movie star. In a first graders classroom, a teacher and his pupils experiment the use of a smartphone to efficiently enhance the way pupils learn to write. I meet with him in November 2015 and I introduce a digital system in the classroom, aiming at mediating pupils’ production of digital content. This dissertation focuses on the design and evaluation of digital tools and addresses the following issue: how to design in order to develop educational activities in a sustainable way? And what roles do the artifacts play in this development?I propose a developmental approach to design, that envisions a change of object: instead of focusing on artifacts, I suggest that designing in a developmental perspective is concerns by the configurations of new forms of collective action. In this study, I apply this perspective in an elementary classroom in a public school in Paris. Aligned with this approach to design, I draw a methodology that helps me transform as much as study situated ways of acting. This methodology, closely related to action research, borrows from Participatory Design practices and values combined with a Cultural-Historical Activity Theory framework (CHAT). This study investigates the developmental processes of both artifacts and people in this first graders classroom, by tracking how artifacts are used and redesigned through the classroom’s practices, as much as they transform them. I conclude by discussing the benefit of adopting such a design approach, considering design as a situated, continuous and distributed process

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Culture composite'

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