Dissertations / Theses: 'Culture de la paix'

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Bidadanure, Nestor. "La culture de paix face au populisme en Afrique." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083969.

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Notre thèse montre que, contrairement à l’idée bien répandue dans les médias et dans de nombreux discours politiques, la crise africaine n’est pas ethnique mais bien politique. Dans les Grands Lacs, objet central de notre étude, il n’y a pas d’ethnies au sens classique du terme car les composantes hutu et tutsi partagent la même langue, la même culture et vivent entremêlées sur un même territoire. Nous rappelons aussi que quand bien même il y aurait une différence identitaire entre ces composantes des nations rwandaises et burundaises, cela n’impliquerait pas pour autant un antagonisme entre ces deux entités ; il n’y a pas de corrélation entre la différence ethnique et le conflit à caractère ethnique. Nous montrons que la crise dans les Grands Lacs, dont le sommet fut le génocide contre les tutsi et le massacre des hutu opposés au pouvoir extrémiste, s’enracine dans le fait politique. Pour comprendre l’origine d’une vision animalisante de l’autre qu’a imposé le pouvoir colonial belge aux élites colonisées, nous revisitons le contexte idéologique de son émergence au 18ème et 19ème siècle. Nous analysons le phénomène de l’aliénation que constitue l’intériorisation par les élites postcoloniales de l’idéologie coloniale ainsi que les processus de sa reproduction radicale dans la période postcoloniale. Nous interrogeons la capacité du concept de culture de paix tel qu’il fut pensé par l’Unesco et les Nations Unis à servir d’antithèse à ce que nous appelons le populisme identitaire radical dans les Grands Lacs. Nous montrons que le concept de Culture de paix doit s’enrichir de la philosophie de l’altérité africaine « Ubuntu » pour mieux servir de contre-culture au populisme identitaire radical. Nous montrons également qu’une culture de paix ne peut être un fait dominant de la conscience des individus sans être porté par les acteurs politiques, que la possibilité de rendre hégémonique une culture de paix est inséparable de l’acte de résistance politique
Against the widespread idea defended by a number of journalists and political analysts, this PhD thesis shows that the African crisis is political and not ethnical. In the Great Lakes Region, my object of research, we cannot refer to the populations as “ethnies” as such. Indeed, Hutus and Tutsis share a common language, culture and territory. But more than that, this thesis argues that even if Hutus and Tutsis represented different identities, it would not straightforwardly imply the ineluctability of confrontation. Diversity among peoples ought not signify antagonism; ethnic differences should not be correlated with ethnic conflicts. I argue that the process that led to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda is rooted in politics and not in non-existing ethnic differences. In order to understand the origin of the ideology that allowed for the animalization of the “other”, I come back to the theories that were transmitted by the Belgium colonialists to the post-colonial elite through the educational system. To this purpose, I go back to the 18th and 19th centuries and highlight the way African peoples were perceived by the main thinkers of the time. I analyze the mechanisms that led to the acceptation and reproduction of the colonial ideology by the post-colonial elites. I then question the capacity of the concept of Culture of Peace, as defined by the UNESCO and the UN, to play a role against what I call the radical identity populism of the Great Lakes region. I argue that the concept of Culture of Peace should be underpinned by the African philosophy of Ubuntu in order to demystify the arguments of radical identity populism more efficiently. This thesis concludes by defending the idea that the concept of Culture of Peace can only become hegemonic if it is both supported by the various political forces and tied to the culture of resistance

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Ben, Moubamba Bruno. "La signification du concept de "paix" dans l'Augustinisme." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML004.

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Ce qui intéresse Saint Augustin, c'est la manière dont les élus, distingués des autres par la grâce de Dieu et non d'après leurs mérites qui sont inexistants, vont vivre leur exil parmi les impies d'une cité terrestre, privée de repos, donc de paix. Mais pas plus que cette dernière n'est assimilable à l'État, pas plus la cité de Dieu n'est totalement identifiable à l'Église. Nous comprenons bien qu'il s'agit de deux cités au sens allégorique sui sont empiriquement mélangées (perplexae) ici-bas. En assimilant progressivement la première à l'état et la seconde à l'Église, les théocratiens médiévaux (comme l'islam politique de nos jours) en sont venus, contre la pensée de l'évêque d'Hippone, à soumettre l'État à l'Église, méconnaissant de la sorte la perspective eschatologique de la thématique des deux.Les disciples de Saint Augustin ont-ils été fidèles à l'enseignement du docteur de l'Occident chrétien, notamment au plan politique ? Dans la mesure où ils ont été unanimes à reconnaitre que la véritable « civilisation » est fondée sur la Foi en un Dieu qui s'est révélé, et où l'homme la comprend comme une « ultime et radicalissime possibilité de son être », c'est la situer hors du monde. Il restait à combattre toute tentative de la réduire aux dimensions empiriques de l'existence intramondaine de la condition humaine, dans l'étroitesse de la cité terrestre, cette, cette société adamique qui précède toujours la cité à venir et la prépare dans les tribulations de l'histoire humaine : « Là, nous nous reposerons et nous verrons ; nous verrons et nous aimerons ; nous aimerons et nous louerons ». (Œuvres de Saint Augustin, traduction française Georges Combès, Bibliothèque augustinienne, Paris, Desclée de brower, 1959). N'est-ce pas une image de la paix à laquelle tendent tous les êtres-humains ?
What interests Saint Augustine, is the way elected officials, distinguished from others by the grace of God and not on their merits which are non-existent, will live in exile among the ungodly of an earthly city, private rest so peace. But just as the latter is comparable to the state nor the city of God is totally identifiable with the Church. We understand that these are two cities in the allegorical sense empirically following are mixed (perplexae) here below. Gradually assimilating the first state and the second in the Church, the medieval théocratiens (such as political Islam today) have come against the thought of the bishop of Hippo, to submit the State the church, unaware of the way the eschatological perspective of the theme of the two.The disciples of St. Augustine were they faithful to the teaching of the doctor of the Christian West, especially in politically? To the extent that they were unanimous in recognizing that the true "civilization" is based on faith in a God who revealed himself, and when man understands it as an "ultimate radicalissime possibility of his being," c is to place it outside the world. It remained to fight any attempt to reduce the size of the empirical worldly existence of the human condition, in the narrowness of the earthly city, this, this company Adamic which always precedes the city to come and prepare the tribulations of human history: "Here we will rest and we'll see, we will see and we will love, we love and praise." (Works of Saint Augustine, George Combe French translation, Augustine Library, Paris, Desclée de Brower, 1959). Is not this a picture of the peace to which all things tend-humans?

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Dellal, Abou-El-Kacim. "L' eau et la frontière au Maghreb : "vers une culture de la paix" bleue." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10114.

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Les problèmes d'aménagement des cours d'eaux frontaliers, l'utilisation des réserves d'eau souterraines traversées par une frontière, et la question de la pollution transfrontalière de l'eau demeurent une question d'une grande actualité au Maghreb. Notre étude, qui se veut globale, car elle aborde ces questions selon les principes de l'approche intégrée, tente d'apporter des éclairages et d'approfondir nos connaissances en vue de résoudre ces problèmes communs, favoriser une gestion rationnelle de ces ressources rares et aléatoires et instaurer une coopération plus active, condition du maintien et de la consolidation d'une paix bleue dans la région
The problematic exploitation of border-line rivers, the use of underground water sources in the Lower Sahara and the pollution of cross-border waterways are issues currently of great importance in the Maghreb. The present study, which addresses the questions globally by using an integrated approach, aims to clarify and broaden our knowlegge of the matter in the hope of resolving these shared problems, encouraging a rational managment of such rare and unstable resources and establishing more active co-operation. Tackling the question of water appears indispensable if peace is to be maintained an consolidated in the region

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Alladakan, Koffi. "La question de l'éducation chez Sénèque. Pour une contribution à la culture de la paix en Afrique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3028.

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Dans le souci de rendre tout homme heureux, le Portique a élaboré une philosophie qui consiste à former à la vertu. A l’instar du socratisme, il a affirmé, lui aussi, que la vertu suffit pour assurer le bonheur. Sénèque, l’un des grands philosophes stoïciens de la Rome impériale, a réduit toute la philosophie à l’éducation de l’âme. Dans son développement, après avoir montré que toute érudition est vaine quand l’homme ne se prend pas au sérieux sur le plan éthique, il a affirmé comme ses prédécesseurs que la quête du bonheur réside dans la vertu qui est « une âme éduquée et instruite, que de perpétuels exercices ont conduite au sommet de la perfection. » De ce fait, il s’agit d’acquérir la sagesse à partir de la réalisation de soi afin de se mettre au service des autres. En bref, le progrès individuel doit nécessairement s’accompagner du progrès social ; et c’est justement dans cette perspective que le philosophe latin a défini la sagesse comme « l’institutrice des âmes, qui n’a pas produit les armes, la fortification, tout ce qui sert à la guerre, mais qui plaide pour la paix et appelle le genre humain à la concorde. » Là, se trouve l’éducation à la vertu, procurant la tranquillité de l’âme, comme la condition nécessaire et suffisante pour bâtir la paix, relativement au fondement de l’éducation à la paix définie par l’Unesco : « les guerres prenant naissance dans l’esprit des hommes, c’est dans l’esprit des hommes que doivent être élevées les défenses de la paix. » Cette paix est conditionnée non seulement par la solidarité humaine et la fraternité universelle mais aussi par l’écologisme que garantissent les principes stoïciens (unité et ordre du monde, sympathie universelle, vertu comme modération, principe d’oikeiosis). Ce qui montre que le stoïcisme de Sénèque est plus que jamais d’actualité et pourrait servir de source d’inspiration au monde contemporain en général et à l’Afrique en particulier dont les valeurs traditionnelles sont en voie de disparition, à cause de l’influence de la culture occidentale, lesquelles cependant sont compatibles avec celles de la philosophie humaniste que constitue le stoïcisme
In order to make everyone happy, the Portico elaborated a philosophy aiming at training in virtue. Like the socratism, the Portico alleged that virtue is sufficient to ensure happiness. Seneca, one of the imperial Rome’s great stoic philosophers, reduced all philosophy to soul’s education. In his arguments, after having shown that all erudition is vain when man does not take himself serious ethically, said, like his predecessors, that the quest of happiness lies in virtue, "an educated and instructed soul, which perpetual exercises lead to the summit of perfection." Therefore, it is a matter of acquiring wisdom from the realization of oneself so as to be able to be at the service of others. In short, social progress must necessarily accompany individual progress; and it is precisely in this perspective that the Latin philosopher defined wisdom as "the teacher of souls, who has not produced weapons, fortification and all that serves for war but advocates for peace and calls the human race to harmony." It is here that lies education to virtue, providing tranquillity of the soul, as the necessary and sufficient condition for peace-building, in relation to the foundation of education for peace as Unesco posits: "because wars start in people’s mind, it is in their minds that should be erected defences of peace." Peace conditioned by human solidarity and universal brotherhood as well as the ecological policy that stoic principles guaranteed including unity and world order, universal sympathy, virtue as moderation, and the oikeiosis’ principle. Such brings to light how the stoicism of Seneca is more than ever relevant and could serve as a source of inspiration for the contemporary world in general and Africa in particular whose traditional values are in the process of disappearing through the influence of Western culture, which, however, is compatible with the values of the stoicism’s humanist philosophy

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Eberhard, Christoph. "Droits de l'homme et dialogue interculturel : vers un désarmement culturel pour un droit de paix." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010336.

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La thèse propose une relecture de la problématique des droits de l 'homme confrontés à l'interculturalité à partir d'une approche d'anthropologie du Droit. Pour sortir de l'impasse du paradigme universalisme/relativisme et du gouffre entre théories et pratiques, l'auteur propose de mettre en oeuvre une démarche dialogale. Celle-ci entraîne un double " désarmement culturel ". Il s'agit d'abord d'ouvrir nos approches du Droit et des droits de l 'homme à l'altérité et au pluralisme en fécondant nos approches occidentales par les apports des autres traditions humaines. Il s'agit ensuite, à travers une approche des pratiques des acteurs, de s'émanciper du " tout culturel " et de prendre conscience de la complexité des problématiques des droits de l 'homme entre dynamiques locales et globales. Ce double désarmement culturel, qui demande de dépasser une approche purement rationaliste et dialectique, mène l'auteur à proposer une Praxis Dianthropologique des droits de l 'homme, c'est à dire une praxis émergeant du dialogue de nos différentes anthropologies et qui trouve sa racine au-delà du domaine du logos (la Raison) dans le mythos et qui peut contribuer à l'émergence d'un véritable jus pacis ou Droit de Paix.

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Benbernou, Mustapha. "Pour une fédération arabe : essai d'élaboration d'un projet fédératif arabe." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUEL161.

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Le mondialisme est un mouvement qui tend à édifier une fédération mondiale, laquelle pourra atténuer le spectre de la guerre entre les hommes, tout en respectant leurs spécificités culturelles. Néanmoins, cette perspective implique préalablement le parcours d'une étude : celle de la mise en place de fédérations, dans des sphères comportant des éléments unificateurs. Ce travail est consacré à une région du globe, où l'unité revêt une importance majeure. Il s'agit d'une tentative de réflexion permettant au phénomène fédératif de connaître le jour et de subsister. Il fait appel à des outils scientifiques (droit public, sciences politiques) et culturels (tempérament arabe). Le travail constitue une manière de penser l'unité arabe d'une façon plus ou moins concrète, sous une optique non point nationaliste, mais mondialiste
The "mondialisme" is a movement which tends to build a world wide federation which will be able to erase the specter of war between people, while respecting their cultural specificities. However this prospect implies firts : the study of the setting up of the federations, in spheres comprising unifiying elements. This work is devoted to a region of the globe where unity is a major importance. It is an attempt of reflection allowing the rederative phenomenan to come into being and to survive. It requires scientific tools (public law, politics) as well as cultural tools (the arab nature). This work constitutes a way of seing the arab unity in a more or less concrete way, in a viewpoint which is not nationalist

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Nascimento, Elizangela Lima do. "Ruah, o sopro da vida: cultura de paz, sonhos e esperanças nas juventudes do Lar Fabiano de Cristo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/21765.

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NASCIMENTO, Elizangela Lima do. Ruah, o sopro da vida: cultura de paz, sonhos e esperanças nas juventudes do Lar Fabiano de Cristo. 2016. 165f . Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.
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O presente estudo foi realizado com os jovens participantes do Grupo Ruah, da Casa de Fernando Melo, sede do Lar Fabiano do Cristo, localizado no bairro Jurema, em Caucaia, Ceará. O grupo foi criado com o objetivo de formar as juventudes entre 14 e 29 anos, oferecendo formação profissional, esportes, cursos de artes e temas relacionados à ética, cidadania e cultura de paz, fundamentados numa visão de educação integral. A pesquisa priorizou a ótica dos jovens sobre a experiência no grupo e as repercussões das ações formativas em suas vidas e na comunidade na qual estão inseridos. A pesquisa apresenta enfoque qualitativo, tendo como proposta priorizar a voz das juventudes. Como recurso metodológico, foram utilizadas as oficinas temáticas em cultura de paz, caracterizando a pesquisa participante com o objetivo de coletar saberes e percepções dos sujeitos pesquisados. Realizou-se ainda pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e exploratória. Para a coleta de dados, recorreu-se à observação participante, entrevistas semiorientadas e grupos focais. Como suporte teórico para as reflexões sugeridas, lançou-se mão de autores como Abramo (1997, 2003), Dayrell (2003, 2007), Freire (2011, 2013), Jares (2002, 2007), Matos (2001a, 2001b, 2003, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c) e Yus (2002a, 2002b, 2009). As juventudes anunciam a importância do Lar Fabiano como espaço para a sociabilidade dos jovens, atuando como referência no acolhimento e na assistência à comunidade. As experiências com o Grupo Ruah registram mudança de postura em suas trajetórias e histórias de vida, favorecendo o despertar para noções de ética, tolerância e empatia no cotidiano. Cabe destacar o impacto das oficinas temáticas junto aos jovens, denotando em suas falas e experiências uma mudança considerável e significativa de valores e uma nova ótica em favor da cultura de paz.
L’étude ici présentée a été réalisée avec le groupe de Jeunes Ruah du Lar Fabiano de Cristo (Maison de Fernando Melo), situé dans le quartier Jurema, dans la ville Caucaia, au Ceará. Le groupe a été créé ayant comme objectif former des jeunes de 14 à 29 ans, leur offrant des cours professionnels, des sports, des cours d’arts et de formation humaine à travers l’Éducation de l’Être Intégral. Entre les années 2012 et 2013 le groupe a participé de formations en culture de paix. La recherche a priorisé le regard des jeunes sur l’expérience au sein du groupe et les répercussions des actions formatives dans leurs vies et par conséquent dans la communauté dans laquelle ils sont insérés, donc, elle présente une approche qualitative. Comme ressource méthodologique, on a utilisé les ateliers en culture de paix, en caractérisant la recherche participative, pour collecter des savoirs et des perceptions des sujets recherchés. On a réalisé aussi une recherche bibliographique, documentée à travers l’analyse des documents institutionnels du Lar Fabiano, publications en sites, et en plus, une recherche d’exploitation sur la place de la recherche. Pour la collecte de données, on a fait une observation participative, des interviews semi-orientées et des groupes cibles. Comme support technique pour les réflexions suggérées, on a utilisé les auteurs Abramo (1997, 2003), Dayrell (2003, 2007), Freire (2011, 2013), Jares (2002, 2007), Matos (2001a, 2001b, 2003, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c) e Yus (2002a, 2002b, 2009). Les jeunesses annoncent l’importance du Lar Fabiano comme un espace pour la sociabilité des jeunes, agissant l’institution comme référence en accueil et en assistance dans la communauté. Les expériences avec le groupe Ruah résultent en changement d’attitude en leurs trajectoires et histoires de vie, favorisant l’éveille pour les notions d’éthique, de tolérance et d’empathie dans la vie quotidienne. On surligne l’impact des ateliers thématiques auprès des jeunes, indiquant en leurs paroles et expériences un changement considérable significatif de valeurs et une nouvelle conception en faveur de la culture de paix.

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Fontana, Luciana Sauer. "As pedagogias online do complexo kids : crianças, mães e pais em conexão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134673.

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Nesta tese, são focalizados o site do canal televisivo infantil por assinatura Discovery Kids e, mais especificamente, os artigos postados na seção My Kids - Conectados com seus filhos. O estudo objetivou indicar “pedagogias” colocadas em operação nesses artigos voltadas ao gerenciamento das atitudes das crianças a cujas mães e pais está endereçada a seção My Kids. A tese foi desenvolvida sob inspiração dos Estudos Culturais em Educação em sua vertente pós-estruturalista. Os procedimentos metodológicos para a organização do estudo envolveram o mapeamento de temas e dos propósitos abordados nos mais de 200 artigos coletados na seção My Kids, durante os anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014. Constatou-se que esses artigos focalizam uma grande diversidade de temáticas, bem como de representações de crianças, algumas das quais foram abordadas neste estudo a partir de quatro categorias principais: Formando crianças potentes, inteligentes e Geniais; Atentando para o desenvolvimento de crianças felizes e bem-sucedidas; Bebês turbinados: musicais, leitores e com pendores para a matemática; e, por fim, Ensinando crianças manhosas, sem limites e malcriadas. Essas representações de crianças são (re)criadas nas pedagogias acionadas nos artigos da My Kids (e nas outras seções do site) em um mix de lições que descrevem, exemplificam, explicam, delimitam e projetam condutas desejáveis paras as crianças que vivem nos dias atuais. As considerações feitas nos artigos examinados projetam a “felicidade” das crianças para o futuro Geralmente, as informações/prescrições contidas nos artigos explicitavam a necessidade de enquadrarem-se as crianças em modelos que permitam o desenvolvimento de suas “múltiplas potencialidades” desde os primeiros meses de vida. Por isso, pais e mães devem exercer uma constante vigilância sobre seus filhos para que possam identificar potencialidades e capacitálos a ter um futuro promissor. Além do site estudado, há uma gama de ações processadas sob a marca Discovery Kids: o canal televisivo, as redes sociais na Internet e uma quantidade de produtos licenciados pela mascote Doki, além das programações itinerantes realizadas em shoppings, no litoral e em outros locais públicos. Todos esses empreendimentos aglutinados integram o Complexo Kids, que envolve crianças e seus familiares em torno de um diversificado conjunto de eventos/propostas que “harmonizam” entretenimento, informação e incentivo ao consumo. Enfim, neste estudo, o Complexo Kids foi caracterizado como uma pedagogia cultural acionada por uma grande corporação midiática para mobilizar crianças, mães e pais, por meio da My Kids, em direção a determinadas práticas e compreensões em uma ampla gama de questões particulares, afeitas ao mundo contemporâneo (infantil), tão marcado pela disseminação de variados dispositivos digitais e pelo consumo. No caso do site estudado, tal pedagogia efetuou-se em um recorte temporal relativamente efêmero, mas, como o site se atrela a um complexo midiático, tal efeito permanece potente, propaga-se e retroalimenta-se, mesmo que de outros modos, em função da cultura da convergência (JENKINS, 2009).
This thesis focuses on the website of the cable television channel Discovery Kids and, more specifically, on the articles posted in the section called My Kids - Connected with your children. The study aims to point out “pedagogies” operating in those articles and intended to manage the behavior of children whose parents the section is addressed to. The thesis has relied on the Cultural Studies from their post-structuralist perspective. The methodological procedures guiding the study have involved the mapping of themes and purposes approached in more than 200 articles in the My Kids section along the years of 2012, 2013 and 2014. The articles addressed a wide range of topics and representations of children, some of which have been divided into four main categories in this study: a) Powerful, intelligent, bright children; b) Happy, successful children; c) “Upgraded” babies: keen on music, reading and mathematics; d) Peevish, badly-behaved, naughty children. Such representations of children were (re)created in pedagogies triggered in My Kids articles (and in other sections as well) in a combination of lessons that describe, exemplify, explain, delimit and project desirable conducts for today’s children. The examined articles projected children’s happiness for the future. In general, information/advice found in the articles highlighted the need of having children to fit into models that would enable them to develop their “multiple potentialities” since the first months of their lives This thesis focuses on the website of the cable television channel Discovery Kids and, more specifically, on the articles posted in the section called My Kids - Connected with your children. The study aims to point out “pedagogies” operating in those articles and intended to manage the behavior of children whose parents the section is addressed to. The thesis has relied on the Cultural Studies from their post-structuralist perspective. The methodological procedures guiding the study have involved the mapping of themes and purposes approached in more than 200 articles in the My Kids section along the years of 2012, 2013 and 2014. The articles addressed a wide range of topics and representations of children, some of which have been divided into four main categories in this study: a) Powerful, intelligent, bright children; b) Happy, successful children; c) “Upgraded” babies: keen on music, reading and mathematics; d) Peevish, badly-behaved, naughty children. Such representations of children were (re)created in pedagogies triggered in My Kids articles (and in other sections as well) in a combination of lessons that describe, exemplify, explain, delimit and project desirable conducts for today’s children. The examined articles projected children’s happiness for the future. In general, information/advice found in the articles highlighted the need of having children to fit into models that would enable them to develop their “multiple potentialities” since the first months of their lives.

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Busby, Cathy J. "Tragedies, transgressions, and transformations : memory, suffering, pain, and recovery culture." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47695.pdf.

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Bending, Lucy. "The representation of bodily pain in late nineteenth-century English culture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:751a567b-8260-4dfc-8e9e-904b7e1da20f.

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This dissertation presents a study of the ways in which concepts of pain were treated across a broad range of late Victorian writing, placing literary texts alongside sermons, medical textbooks and campaigning leaflets, in order to suggest a pattern of representation and evasion to be perceived throughout the different texts assembled. In the first two chapters I establish the cultural and historical background to physical suffering in the late nineteenth century, as the Christian paradigm for suffering (the subject of the first chapter) lost its pre-eminance to that of medicine (Chapter Two). The next two chapters are concerned with the problem of the expressibility of pain. In Chapter Three I argue that despite popular belief, voiced most clearly by Virginia Woolf, that 'there is no language for pain', sufferers find language that is both metaphorical and directly referential to express their bodily suffering. Chapter Four takes up the cultural restrictions placed on the expression of pain, using the acrimonious debate over vivisection that arose at the end of the century. Bringing together the prolific texts of both vivisectionists and antivivisectionists, I display the possibilities and limitations of particular literary forms, arguing, for example, that language appropriate to medical textbooks proved to be too shocking in books with a wider circulation. The final chapter is concerned with the ways in which pain was schematised in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. I explore the basis of belief in pain as a shared, cross-cultural phenomenon and make the case, using the examples of invertebrate neurology, fire-walking and tattooing, that the understanding of pain is sharply affected by class, gender, race and supposed degree of criminality, despite the fact that pain is often invoked as a marker of shared human identity.

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Ostberg, Colin R. "Computational pain quantification and the effects of age, gender, culture and cause." Thesis, Marquette University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1554606.

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Chronic pain affects more than 100 million Americans and more than 1.5 billion people worldwide. Pain is a multidimensional construct, expressed through a variety of means. Facial expressions are one such type of pain expression. Automatic facial expression recognition, and in particular pain expression recognition, are fields that have been studied extensively. However, nothing has explored the possibility of an automatic pain quantification algorithm, able to output pain levels based upon a facial image.

Developed for a remote monitoring context, a computational pain quantification algorithm has been developed and validated by two distinct sets of data. The second set of data also included associated data for the fields of age, gender, culture and cause of pain. These four fields were investigated for their effect on automatic pain quantification, determining that age and gender have a definite impact and should be involved in the algorithm, while culture and cause require further investigation.

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Burrill, Denise. "Mise en réseau des intérêts : une approche épistémologique de la communication interconfessionnelle en Roumanie." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30092.

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Intitulée «Mise en réseau des intérêts: une approche épistémologique de la communication interconfessionnelle en Roumanie», cette thèse de doctorat poursuit un triple objectif. Premièrement, afin de fournir une base thématique solide et une contextualisation historique, la thèse tracera l'évolution du dialogue entre les minorités protestantes et la majorité orthodoxe en Roumanie en utilisant la triade de thèses, antithèse et synthèse de Johann Fichte, dans l'adaptation de Lourens Minnema. modèle de communication culturelle. Deuxièmement, en utilisant une méthodologie inductive, la thèse analysera l’état actuel du dialogue à travers une analyse descriptive de la médiatisation des événements interreligieux organisés entre 2015 et 2017 par les médias confessionnels et laïcs, ainsi qu’en dressant un tableau de la structure existante des relations entre orthodoxes. et les élites protestantes. Troisièmement, à travers une analyse inférentielle, la thèse testera la durabilité de l’état actuel des réseaux et du dialogue des élites dans les deux conditions du pluralisme démocratique, le nationalisme religieux
Titled, “Networking for Interests: An Epistemological Approach to Inter-Confessional Communication in Romania,” this doctoral thesis serves a triple purpose. First, in order to provide a sound thematic background and historical contextualization, the thesis will map out the evolution dialogue between the Protestant minorities and the Orthodox majority in Romania by using Johann Fichte’s triad of thesis, antithesis and synthesis, in the adaptation of Lourens Minnema’s model of cultural communication. Second, by using an inductive methodology, the thesis will analyze the current state of dialogue through a descriptive analysis of the mediatization of interfaith events held between 2015 and 2017 by confessional and secular media, as well as by mapping the existing structure of relationships between Orthodox and Protestant elites. Third, through inferential analysis, the thesis will test the sustainability of the current state of elite networking and dialogue under the two conditions of democratic pluralism, religious nationalism

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Adonon, Viveros Akuavi. "Voies tzotzil de prise en charge des différends : Une anthropologie du droit au Mexique." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010299.

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La régulation sociale d'un grand nombre de peuples ou de minorités qui évoluent dans le cadre d'une structure étatique dominante, met en évidence une problématique qui se noue au cœur de l'État, du droit et du multiculturalisme. Ce travail examine une dynamique complexe résultat d'impositions hégémoniques et de résistances identitaires. Les référents sociaux et institutionnels de différents mondes se croisent ainsi, dans la pratique des acteurs, dans une surprenante coexistence. Sans céder à une vision qui valoriserait davantage les principes du droit étatique et chercherait à ramener les acteurs à une application stricte de la loi, la réflexion s'oriente vers la porosité juridique qui relève de la convergence entre l'imposition institutionnelle de l'ordre étatique, la permanence d'un ordonnancement négocié dans la conception de la justice des populations indigènes et leur créativité pour assurer, dans de telles conditions, la régulation de leur vie en société. C'est dans ce cadre que le caractère endogène du règlement des différends dans deux villages indigènes des hautes montagnes de Chiapas, au sud du Mexique, prend tout son sens, l'argumentation juridique et la décision de justice rendent compte de ce jeu entre permanences, impositions et réinventions.

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Myers, Warren Kellen. "Pain and perspective| Compartmented co-culture to evaluate sensory neuron peripheral glutamate receptors." Thesis, Oklahoma State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10191366.

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The neurotransmitter L-Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). These neurons may also express ionotropic glutamate receptors, causing the potential for them to be directly excited by their own release of glutamate, from a neighboring neuron, or from other tissues. Glutamate is elevated in tissues after injury or inflammation, and iGluR signaling from the periphery has been shown to increase signaling in DRG neurons and contribute to the development of chronic pain. Targeting pharmacologic intervention of sensory neuron iGluRs present in peripheral terminals may constitute an attractive alternative or augmentation to chronic pain treatment regimens. A compartmented culture system was devised to enable the co-culture of sensory neurons and keratinocyte stem cells in discrete compartments to simulate a skin tissue in vitro, and allow focal agonist application to peripheral terminals. Activation of peripheral receptors with focal agonist application caused the propagation of signals towards somata of neurons in a fluidically separated compartment, causing excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSC) that were observed and recorded via voltage-clamped whole-cell electrophysiology. EPSC responses observed exhibited statistically significant differences between the ? values of the EPSCs after respective agonist exposure. Immunofluorescent labeling and visualization of receptor expression showed that iGluR subunits are expressed in sensory neuron somata, sensory neuron peripheral processes, non-neuronal cells from the DRG, and keratinocyte stem cells. The implementation of this co-culture clamping facilitates the spatially discrete interaction of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types for the characterization of their interfaces, as well as for the discrete application of pharmacologic agents along axons to evaluate their spatially constrained influence on activity at a cellular, and intercellular level. The spatially restricted application of agonists represents a chemotransmissive instigation of electrochemical activity in neurons for studying EPSCs, instead of electrically stimulating a presynaptic cell, and so more faithfully represents what would occur in vivo. Using this system to test novel pharmaceuticals represents an intermediary step between the study of ligand interactions with receptors and systemic administration to experimental animals. The identification of the active receptors and their subunit-specific peripheral expression yield alternative therapeutic targets for chronic pain treatment.

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Wilbers, Loren. "The Experience of Chronic Pain Management: A Multi-Voiced Narrative Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5798.

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Since the late 1990s, the abuse of prescription opioid painkillers has been constructed as a major social problem in the United States, commonly referred to in the media as the “prescription painkiller epidemic.” Stories of addiction, overdose deaths, robberies, and other tragedies related to prescription opioids have been, and continue to be, commonly featured in the media. In response to public outcry regarding the “epidemic,” government and medical institutions have enforced strict regulations on the distribution of opioids, targeting most of these regulations at the treatment of chronic pain in particular. In this dissertation, I examine the experience of chronic pain management with opioids amid this cultural environment, using the personal, cultural, and institutional levels of narrative outlined by Loseke (2007) as an organizing theme. The dissertation is comprised of four distinct but interrelated chapters that explore the topic of chronic pain management with opioids in four different ways. In the first substantive chapter, I share a personal narrative of my own experience as the daughter of a mother with chronic pain who relies on opioids, in order to provide context for the rest of the dissertation, disclose my own positionality, and show rather than tell how the stigma and regulations surrounding opioids are experienced in the lives of people with chronic pain and their families. In the following chapter, I shift away from the personal and use Loseke’s (2012) method for the empirical analysis of formula stories to examine cultural narratives about prescription opioids published in the New York Times between 2000 and 2013. I argue that the narratives contribute to an environment in which people with chronic pain who rely on opioids are made vulnerable to stigma and discrimination. I use Loseke’s method again in the third substantive chapter to examine institutional narratives about opioids told in an FDA public hearing. I argue that the narratives serve to construct moral boundaries between different types of pain patients and justify a label change that disproportionately burdens patients with chronic pain. In the final substantive chapter, I share personal narratives acquired through in-depth interviews with twelve people currently living with chronic pain. I find that the dominant cultural and institutional narratives surrounding prescription opioids translate into stigma and barriers experienced in the lives of people seeking chronic pain treatment, and serve to silence their personal narratives which are resistant and subversive. I conclude by urging for the removal of barriers to chronic pain treatment with opioids and for the wider dissemination of personal narratives of chronic pain patients at the cultural and institutional levels.

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Curtis, Laila. "Developing evidence on the primary case presentation and assessment of acute abdominal pain (colic) in the horse." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33454/.

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Abdominal pain (colic) in the horse is one of the most common emergency problems in the horse, but there are major gaps in the current evidence. Five original studies were undertaken to build evidence on the primary assessment of abdominal pain in the horse. The first study was a systematic review of risk factors for abdominal pain. This identified 83 publications on risk factors for colic; 47 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed and categorised. Twenty four studies were evaluated using the JBI-Mastari critical appraisal tool. Evidence from the ten publications with least susceptibility to bias was collated. There was consensus of evidence for increasing age, recent change in diet and previous history of abdominal pain are risk factors for colic. This evidence should inform veterinary practitioner’s clinical decision making and approach to disease prevention. The second study was a systematic review of diagnostic tests for abdominal pain. This identified 190 publications; 46 publications met inclusion criteria and were reviewed and categorised. Thirty studies were evaluated using the QUADAS critical appraisal tool. None of the studies used a suitable methodology to assess the value of a diagnostic test to differentiate critical cases. The outcomes of this systematic review were a description of the current evidence and recommendations for future research using appropriate study designs. Both systematic reviews highlighted a lack of evidence from primary practice. The third study was a prospective survey of the primary assessment of horses with abdominal pain by veterinary practitioners. Data was collected from 1016 cases, including clinical history, presenting signs, diagnostic and treatment approaches and case outcome. Cases were categorised as critical or non-critical. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify clinical features associated with critical cases. Five variables remained in the final model: pain, heart rate, capillary refill time, pulse character and gastrointestinal borborygmi. These should be considered essential components of the initial assessment and triage of horses presenting with colic. The fourth study was an online survey of veterinary practitioner’s opinions of diagnostic tests for colic. Responses from 228 participants were analysed. The most frequently used tests were ‘response to analgesia’, ‘rectal examination’ and ‘nasogastric intubation’, but there was a wide variation in practitioners’ approaches. The main reasons for not using tests were that practitioners considered they were not required, or had concerns around personal safety, lack of facilities or financial constraints. The final phase was two multi-disciplinary workshops to review current evidence and generate recommendations. Fifty participants attended the first workshop and generated 84 statements on the recognition of colic. Forty one participants attended the second workshop and generated 160 statements on the assessment of horses with colic. These statements form the first phase of a multi-disciplinary Delphi process to develop best practice guidelines on the recognition and primary assessment of horses with abdominal pain. This research makes significant contributions to the current evidence on abdominal pain in the horse. It has consolidated existing information, made recommendations for future research, and worked with practitioners to address evidence gaps, and involved different stakeholders in deciding how this evidence should be applied.

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Triska, Vitor Hugo Couto. "Cultura e estrutura em psicanálise." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/140830.

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Cette thèse identifie dans la littérature psychanalytique actuelle la difusion d’un argument commun qui dit que le déclin de la fonction paternelle dans la contemporaneité – considéré comme une mutation culturelle – est corrélé à de nouveaux symptômes et formes cliniques. Selon cet argument, la pratique de la psychanalyse dans la contemporaneité trouve des difficultés particulières et sans précédent. Je recherche cette corrélation de façon critique, en soulignant ses aspects méthodologiques et épistémologiques. Une compréhension de la relation de la psychanalyse de Lacan avec la science est essentiel à cette but, parce qu’elle fournit les outils théoriques qui soutiennent cette critique et permet aussi la construction d'une topologie structurale : une méthode d'approche de structures localisées que se oppose à la façon comme les questions contemporains de la psychanalyse ont été développées. Je considère que l'hypothèse universaliste et totémique de la culture, ainsi que la rationalité diagnostic tripartite (névrose, psychose, perversion) qui elle soutient, sont le fondement insuffisant de la argumentation difusé dans la littérature. Ainsi, les solutions localisées sont proposées comme alternatives que, dans le contexte de la topologie structurale, sont créatrices ou émettrices d'éxistences, ce qui justifie qu’elles soient prises comme une troisième voie de la structure, ni empirique ni formelle, mais universalisant dans un sens que se oppose au universalisable généraliste et inductive. Enfin, on propose deux exemples d'utilisations de la topologie structurale dans des régions localisées de la théorie psychanalytique : la coupure interprétatif, soutenu par la bande de Moebius, et la relation entre la théorie et la technique psychanalytique, soutenu par la structure torique de l'Autre comme univers du discours incomplet.
Esta tese identifica na literatura psicanalítica atual a difusão de um argumento comum que afirma que o declínio da função paterna na contemporaneidade – considerado uma mutação cultural – é correlato a novos sintomas e formas clínicas. Segundo esse argumento, a prática da psicanálise na contemporaneidade encontraria dificuldades específicas e inéditas. Investigo essa correlação criticamente, enfatizando seus aspectos metodológicos e epistemológicos. A compreensão da relação da psicanálise de Lacan com a ciência é fundamental para esse propósito, pois tanto fornece as ferramentas teóricas que embasam essa crítica quanto permite a construção de uma topologia estrutural, um método de abordagem de estruturas localizadas que se opõe ao modo como as questões contemporâneas da psicanálise vem sendo desenvolvidas. Considero que a hipótese universalista e totêmica da cultura, assim como a racionalidade diagnóstica tripartida (neurose-psicose-perversão) por ela sustentada, são o fundamento insuficiente da argumentação difundida na literatura. Sendo assim, as soluções localizadas são propostas como alternativas que, dentro do contexto da topologia estrutural, são criadoras ou emissoras de existências, o que justifica que sejam tomadas como uma terceira via da estrutura, nem empírica nem formalista, mas universalizante num sentido que se opõe ao universalizável de cunho generalista e indutivo. Finalmente, são propostos exemplos de utilizações da topologia estrutural em regiões localizadas da teoria psicanalítica: o corte interpretativo, cujo suporte é a banda de Moebius, e a articulação entre a teoria e a técnica psicanalíticas, fundamentada pela estrutura tórica do Outro como universo de discurso incompleto.
This thesis identifies in the current psychoanalytic literature the diffusion of a common argument that states that the decline of the paternal function in the contemporaneity – considered as a cultural mutation – is correlative to new symptoms and clinical forms. According to this argument, the practice of psychoanalysis nowadays encounters specific and unprecedented difficulties. In this work, this correlation is critically investigated and its methodological and epistemological aspects are emphasized. Understanding the relationship of Lacan's psychoanalysis with science is essential for this purpose, since it provides the theoretical tools that support this criticism and allows the construction of a structural topology: a method that approaches localized structures in a way that is opposite to the way of how contemporary issues of psychoanalysis are being developed. I consider that the universalist and totemic hypothesis of culture, as well as the tripartite diagnostic rationality (neurosis, psychosis, perversion) that it sustains, are the insufficient foundation of the argument widespread in literature. Thus, within the structural topology context, the localized solutions are proposed as alternatives for the creation or emission of existences, which justifies them as a third way of the structure, neither empirical nor formalist, but universalizing in a sense that is opposite to the generalist and inductive universalizable. Finally, examples of uses of the structural topology in localized regions of the psychoanalytic theory are proposed: the interpretive cut, whose support is the Moebius band, and the relation between theory and psychoanalytic technique, sustained by the toric structure of the Other as incomplete universe of speech.

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Murry, Joe Mitchell. "Ethnicity and Cognitive Complexity of Chronic Pain Patients." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332535/.

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Sixty subjects divided equally among Anglo-Americans, Black Americans, and Hispanic Americans participated in the study. They were classified as chronic pain patients by medical diagnosis and duration of pain. They were drawing Workers' Compensation and were all blue-collar workers from the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Cognitive complexity is a measure of individuals' ability to construe their feelings, events of their lives, and their world in a meaningful manner. Cognitive complexity appeared to differ among the cultural groups as indicated by significantly different functionally independent construct scores. Anglo-Americans appeared to have a greater internal complexity than did Black Americans and Hispanic Americans.

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19

Selfe, Susan Anne. "Chronic pelvic pain in women : illness, disease and medical attitudes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262875.

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Mills, Robert. "Visions of excess : pain, pleasure and the penal imaginary in late-medieval art and culture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275442.

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21

Kgodane, Margaret M. "Understanding workplace culture of midwives relating to pain management during the first stage of labour." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63374.

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Background Pain during birth process is acknowledged for good progress of labour but severe, unbearable pain cause reduced effectiveness of contractions and lead to maternal exhaustion and fetal distress. Non pharmacological and pharmacological pain relief methods can be implemented to assist the women to cope with pain during labour. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological pain relief is available in the hospital, but it is not understood when and how labour pain is assessed and pain relief implemented. Research questions What is the current workplace culture relating to pain management during the first stage of labour? What alternative strategies can be implemented to address the current workplace culture relating to pain management during the first stage of labour? Research design and methods A qualitative design was followed. Convenience sampling was used and 18 observations on pain management during labour were done. Midwives taking care of women during labour took part in the research and their informed consent was obtained beforehand. Data was collected during unstructured observations of pain management during labour. Data was analysed by means of the creative hermeneutic data analysis method. Main findings Four themes were derived from the data: pain assessment, isolation, therapeutic environment and documentation. Based on these themes, strategies for improving pain management during labour were identified collaboratively.
Dissertation (MCur)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Nursing Science
PhD
Unrestricted

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22

Jourdin, Steve. "Le sionisme socialiste : émergence, apogée et déclin d'une culture politique (1905 – 1995). Une histoire politique et sociale d'Israël." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0070.

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Comment expliquer que l’expérience sioniste en Palestine ne se soit pas achevée dans le chaos ? Qu'est-ce qui a fait que, malgré les guerres, une immigration de masse d'une ampleur inédite et une grave crise économique, la jeune démocratie israélienne ne se soit pas, après la proclamation de l'État d'Israël le 14 mai 1948, désintégrée sous le poids des forces contraires ? Il s'agit là de questions fondamentales, auxquelles il est impossible de répondre en ayant recours, pour qualifier les artisans de la révolution sioniste et leurs réalisations en Palestine, aux catégories habituelles de « nationalisme », de « libéralisme » ou de « socialisme ». Propulsé à la tête du mouvement sioniste à partir de 1933, date à laquelle le Mapaï, le parti de David Ben-Gourion, remporte les élections au Congrès sioniste, le sionisme socialiste va progressivement parvenir à imposer ses vues à l’intérieur du Yishouv. Il va ensuite être placé dans une situation historique unique en son genre : pour la première fois dans l'Histoire, un mouvement se revendiquant du socialisme va créer un État souverain (1948), jeter les bases de sa démocratie et léguer à sa société un ensemble de valeurs. Notre hypothèse est la suivante : le sionisme socialiste a été un projet politique de type républicain. Sans en être toujours pleinement conscients, les sionistes-socialistes ont été, à leur façon, des femmes et des hommes politiques républicains. Ils se sont attachés à faire primer l’intérêt général sur les intérêts particuliers, tout en élaborant un univers politique moderne au centre duquel ils ont érigé des institutions à vocation universelle et une éthique citoyenne censée préserver la cohésion de la cité nouvelle. Les idées civiques du sionisme socialiste s'incarnent dans une conception de la démocratie, dans un égalitarisme, dans un patriotisme et dans une vertu civique. En nous appuyant sur les archives du mouvement sioniste-socialiste, nous retraçons dans ce travail les grands « moments » du sionisme socialiste, de ses origines révolutionnaires russes (1905) jusqu'à son déclin lors de l’entrée définitive d'Israël dans la « nouvelle économie » au début des années 1990. Nous avons eu recours aux archives de l'État conservées à Jérusalem, afin de proposer la retranscription la plus fidèle possible du grand tournant social et économique de l’année 1985 – le tournant « néolibéral » d'Israël –, dont la gauche a été la principale architecte. Éloges du secteur privé et désirs de paix avec l'ennemi arabe vont accompagner l'affaissement rapide des idées civiques. Dans un contexte de changement de génération politique, d’aggravation des tensions entre groupes sociaux et de crise morale consécutive à la guerre du Liban (1982), l’idée libérale va finalement triompher de l’idée républicaine, laissant la gauche sioniste orpheline de ce qui faisait le sel de son projet politique : sa capacité à mobiliser l'ensemble des couches sociales autour d'une aspiration politique commune
How can we explain the fact that the Zionist experience in Palestine did not conclude in chaos? From its foundation on May 14, 1948, what prevented the young Israeli democracy from dissolving despite opposing factors such as wars, mass immigration beyond calculation and economic crises? To answer these questions and to understand the achievements of the Zionist revolution, one must move beyond the traditional explanatory frameworks of nationalism, liberalism or socialism. Starting with the Mapai victory (under the leadership of David Ben-Gurion) at the elections for the eighteenth Zionist Congress of 1933, Labour Zionism became the leading ideology within the Zionist movement. Over time, the cultural and political influence of Labour Zionism succeeded to influence the Yishuv, which has lead to a unique historical phenomenon: for the first time, a movement claiming to be part of socialism created a sovereign state; it laid the foundations of a democratic entity; and shaped the set of values for a new nation. The hypothesis of this thesis is that Labour Zionism was a project that was linked to the republican tradition. Without always being fully aware of it, Socialist Zionists were, in their own way, experimenting and implementing republican ideas. In keeping the interests of the greater society above individual interests, the Labour movement developed a new political universe with modern institutions and a civic virtue that aimed to protect the polity from dissolution. The republican ambition of Labour Zionism was embodied in its conception of democracy as egalitarian, patriotic and imbued with civic virtue.In order to offer a faithful recounting of the neoliberal turning point of the Israeli economy in 1985, and the role of the Israeli political left in this social and economic paradigmatic switch, this thesis draws on the primary sources kept in the state archives in Jerusalem. In using the records of the Labour movement, this thesis retraces the great 'moments' of Socialist Zionism, from its Russian Revolutionary origins (1905) to its decline at the time of Israel's definitive entry into the 'new economy' in the early 1990s.In the context of increasing tensions within Israeli society between social groups, and the moral crisis following the Lebanon war (1982), this thesis argues that liberal ideas triumphed over republican ideals. In depicting this transformation, the contemporary political turmoil (the so-called 'civic crisis') is put into perspective

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Gonçalves, Gabriela de Carvalho Monteiro. "O significado da dor em atletas da ginástica rítmica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39136/tde-20122017-112815/.

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O desempenho no esporte de alto rendimento está associado a situações de desgastes físicos e psicológicos extremos tanto em treinamentos como em competições. A dor é um atributo constante na vida destes atletas e trata-se de uma experiência sensorial e emocional avaliada muitas vezes como negativa, associada a uma lesão real ou não que abrange aspectos fisiológicos, sociais e psíquicos. Assim, estudos com a intenção de dar significado a dor na percepção dos próprios atletas devem levar em conta a cultura do esporte e da modalidade, pois a cultura é um complexo de habilidades ou hábitos adquiridos pelo sujeito enquanto membro de um grupo social, fornecendo dados da identidade do ser atleta. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar como as atletas olímpicas de Ginástica Rítmica experienciaram a dor e os seus significados em sua carreira esportiva. Para tanto foram investigadas as 18 atletas brasileiras que participaram dos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão em diferentes edições, sob a ótica dos Estudos Culturais, inspiração teórica para pensar produções culturais e as práticas sociais. A decisão por investigar esse grupo se estruturou por ser uma modalidade com grande dificuldade técnica, de profissionalização precoce e alto nível de desempenho, alcançados ainda na adolescência. A exigência excessiva e prematura do corpo, o envolvimento com as rotinas e o alto nível de dificuldade dos exercícios praticados predispõe as atletas a um maior risco de dor e sofrimento. O método utilizado foi a narrativa biográfica que proporcionou apreender por meio das memórias desse grupo de atletas a compreensão do significado da dor no esporte e na modalidade específica, apontando que esses significados são transmitidos através das gerações e relacionam-se com tradições e convenções grupais. As atletas criam sentidos para essas vivências através do discurso construído socialmente na modalidade; as experiências acumuladas dentro do grupo levam as participantes a uma expectativa do sofrimento; os vínculos estabelecidos geram a capacidade de simbolizar a dor; suportar o limite imposto pelo corpo faz parte da cultura da modalidade. Os sentidos que constituem o significado da dor permitiu compreender a essência dos conteúdos do que é e como se dá a experiência dolorosa de uma modalidade esportiva quando praticada em alto rendimento
High performance sports is associated with extreme physical and psychological wear in training and competition. Pain is a constant attribute in the lives of these athletes and it is a sensory and emotional experience often evaluated as negative, associated with a real physiological, social and psychic real or non-abreviant injury. Thus, studies with an intention of meaning and perception of the athletes themselves are taken into account the culture of the sport and the modality, because the culture is a complex of skills or habits acquired through a social factor. This study aimed to analyze how Olympic Rhythmic Gymnastics athletes experienced pain and their own meanings in their sports career. To that end, 18 Brazilian athletes participating in the Summer Olympics in different editions were investigated, from the perspective of Cultural Studies, theoretical inspiration to think about cultural productions and social practices. A decision to investigate this group was structured because it is a modality with great technical difficulty, of previous professionalization and a high level of performance, reached in adolescence. The excessive and premature requirement of the body, the involvement with routines and the high level of difficulty of the exercises practiced predispose as athletes to a greater risk of pain and suffering. The method used for the biographical narrative that allowed to apprehend through the medium of the memories of this group of athletes in the understanding of the meaning of pain without sport and in the specific modality, pointing out that these meanings are transmitted through sales and relate to group conventions and traditions. The athletes create meanings for these lives through the socially constructed discourse in the modality; the experiences as accumulated within the group they take as participants an expectation of suffering; the established bonds generate the capacity to symbolize pain; support more than the legal limit for the body is part of the sport culture. The senses that constitute the meaning of permible pain, namely the essence of the contents of what is like a painful experience of a sporting modality when practiced in high yield

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Harper, Philip John. "A study of the influence of military culture on military nurses when assessing post-operative pain." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430723.

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Silva, Maria das Graças Gouvêa Neco da. "A Educação em direção à bárbara felicidade: uma crítica ao livros de orientação de pais." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4943.

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A partir de um estudo do discurso presente nos livros de orientação de pais mais vendidos, editados no Brasil no período de 2001-2006, a autora da presente dissertação faz uma reflexão crítica relacionando as concepções de educação e babárie, considerando a perspectiva da Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt. Contextualiza-se este trabalho através de um mapeamento das práticas tradicionais de educação no âmbito da família e o levantamento de sinais, que possam servir de índices para se conceber uma possível educação hipermoderna. O caráter paradoxal de muitas das orientações feitas por estes livros é coerente com as noções da Teoria Crítica relativas à indústria cultural e aos paradoxos da cultura hipermoderna. A reflexão feita aponta para a necessidade de um posicionamento ético de pais e educadores no que diz respeito às sugestões feitas pelos livros de orientação estudados
Start from a study of the discourse observed in books dedicated to parents supervision, best-sellers, published in Brazil between 2001-2006, the author of this paper produced a critique reflection about the both relationed conceptions of education and barbarism, into the perspective of the Critic Theory (of the Frankfurt School) . The context of this paper it is based on the map out of the traditional educational practices of education into the families scope and the survey of the signals, wich may be indicates one possible conception of a hypermodern educational . The paradoxal character of the most of the educational orientation writed by these books authors, it is coherent by the conceptions of the Critic Theory, regarding to cultural industry and the paradoxes of the hypermodern culture. The reflection produced in this paper indicates the necessity of an ethic point of view of the parents and educators, in face of the suggestions done by the parents supervision books studied

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Daggett, Matthew. "The Ill Man: An Exploration of Chronic Illness Disclosure within Masculine Culture." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3567.

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Masculine culture is known for teaching men to be strong, independent, and in control; however, the presence of chronic illness creates challenges for men when attempting to uphold a dominant masculine identity and make disclosure decisions about sharing illness information. This study explores the intersection between illness related self-disclosure and masculine culture. Utilizing qualitative methods, it examines the challenges chronically ill men face when making decisions about self-disclosure. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five men (N=5) who have one or more chronic illnesses. Transcripts were analyzed and coded using grounded theory to identify emergent themes. The analysis revealed three primary themes and several secondary and tertiary themes. The three primary themes are: 1) participant expression of masculine culture; 2) communication challenges; and 3) disclosure strategies. Participants’ accounts of their experiences with living with chronic illness are positioned within literature on chronic illnesses, self-disclosure, and masculine culture.

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Pan, Li-Chi, and res cand@acu edu au. "No Pain, No Gain: an investigation of the concept of persistence in learning in a Taiwanese college program." Australian Catholic University. Trescowthick School of Education, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp116.25102006.

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This study aims to explore, describe and thus understand the phenomenon of two-year college program students’ persistence within the context of Taiwanese culture and tradition; and to develop and provide a framework or patterns for understanding working adult students’ persistence for educators. By using a hermeneutic phenomenology approach, the persistence in learning experiences of specific participants was explored based on semi-structured interviews in two exploratory studies linked by a comprehensive literature review. The researcher’s own experience of persistence was also included as part of the study. The data were analysed by using thematic analysis and narrative construction. Findings reveal that participants persist with the support of enabling factors and application of coping strategies despite barriers. The intertwined relationship between the value placed on qualifications, identity recognition and views of persistence contribute to the concept of persistence. This concept develops through schemas emerging from the data: historical effect, cultural reproduction and identity construction. Under the influence of Taiwanese tradition and culture, this concept of persistence immerses into the participants’ knowledge ground and standpoints to understand the world they live in. The concept is defined as ‘no pain, no gain’ and includes dimensions of insisting on the right to study, fulfilment of dreams, being a role model of good study habits, personal growth and enrichment. Participants construct both social identity as graduates and personal identity as progressive, competent and respected individuals. The findings of this study benefit both theory and practice. Theoretical implications and recommendations include providing insights into the concept of persistence through development of schema that underpin factors contributing to working adult students’ persistence in Taiwan. Practical implications and recommendations include insights drawn from the perspective of Taiwanese culture and tradition to understand the experience of two-year college program working adult students to persist in a high level learning environment, which informs educators to see themselves as important sources of support and information, and thus able to assist their students to cope with the barriers to their learning, or to extend persistence outside their formal educational settings and maintain their learning.

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Rosa, Ana Carolina Pereira da Silva. ""Se meu pai viesse aqui hoje nessa escola, ele não ia aprender": Cibercultura e processos de ensino-aprendizagem." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4550.

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A sociedade na qual vivemos vem passando por grandes transformações que influenciam os modos de construir conhecimentos e veicular informações, as formas de se relacionar com o outro, a maneira de perceber o mundo e a si mesmo no mundo. Estas mudanças são marcadas pela interatividade, pela conectividade, pela velocidade, pela multilinearidade, pela complexidade e pela fragmentação tão presentes na cultura digital. Os jovens, nascidos em meio a estas transformações, vivenciam essas marcas em suas práticas culturais cotidianas, construindo uma nova lógica que orienta seu modo de perceber e agir na sociedade. No entanto, ao mesmo tempo em que os jovens orientam suas ações a partir dessa lógica que chamo nesse trabalho de cibercultural, vivenciam uma lógica linear na escola, o que acaba por produzir um hiato entre as culturas juvenis e a cultura escolar. Buscando contribuir para a construção de práticas pedagógicas mais concernentes às necessidades dos jovens contemporâneos, este estudo se propôs investigar o papel mediador das tecnologias digitais nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma escola de Ensino Médio Integrado, na zona norte do Rio de Janeiro, na qual os alunos têm acesso, em período integral, às disciplinas do currículo do MEC integradas às disciplinas de formação técnica voltadas às tecnologias digitais. Este projeto é fruto de uma parceria da Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com um instituto privado, cujo objetivo é construir um espaço de pesquisa e de inovações em educação. A pesquisa se configurou como um estudo de caso, embora algumas reflexões possam contribuir para debates mais amplos em educação. O estudo apoiou-se teórico-metodologicamente nos Estudos Culturais Latino-americanos (Martín-Barbero e Canclini), que trazem contribuições para pensar o papel das mediações nos processos de recepção dos meios comunicacionais. Baseia-se, também, nos estudos sobre juventude (Dayrell e Carrano) que ajudaram a construir um olhar para os jovens pesquisados a partir do lugar ativo e protagonista de suas práticas dentro e fora da escola. Complementando estes aportes teóricos, o trabalho se fundamenta, ainda, nos estudos sobre a relação dos sujeitos com os ambientes virtuais ou ciberculturais (Lévy, Lemos e Santaella). As entrevistas realizadas com jovens e professores da escola e as observações em sala de aula foram exercícios de alteridade e exotopia, inspirados em Mikhail Bakhtin. O trabalho foi tecido numa perspectiva dialógica, buscando trazer para o texto impresso as experiências vividas no campo e os debates desencadeados a partir dessas experiências, propondo alguns caminhos para contribuir com uma escola mais significativa aos novos tempos.
The society in which we live is undergoing major transformations that influence the ways of constructing knowledge and relay information, the forms of relating with other people, the way of perceiving the world and himself in the world. These changes are marked by interactivity, connectivity, speed, multilinearity, complexity and fragmentation so prevalent in digital culture. The contemporary young people who had been born in the middle of these changes, live these brands in their daily cultural practices, constructing a new logic that guides their way of perceiving and acting in society. However, while young people guide their actions from that logic that I call in this work of cybercultural, they live a linear logic inside the school, which produce a gap between youth culture and school culture. Searching to contribute to construct pedagogical practices concerning the needs of contemporary youth, this study aimed to investigate the digital technologies as their role as mediators in the teaching-learning process. The study was developed in a high school integrated in the northern zone of Rio de Janeiro, where the students have access, full time, on the subjects in the curriculum of MEC integrated to the disciplines of technical training related to digital technologies. This project is the result of a partnership between the Education Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro with a private institute, whose the objective is construct a space of research and innovations in education. The research was configured as a case study, although some reflections can contribute to wider debates in education. The study was supported theoretical and methodological by the Latin American Cultural Studies (Martín-Barbero and Canclini), which contributes to reflect on the role of mediation and the processes of reception the communication media. It is based also on studies of youth (Dayrell and Carrano) who helped to construct a way to look to the young people respondents from the place and active protagonist of their practices inside and outside of school. Complementing these theoretical contributions, the work is based also on studies of the relation of subjects with virtual or cybercultural environments (Lévy, Lemos and Santaella). The interviews with young people and school teachers and the classroom observations were exercises to construct a responsive look, inspired in Mikhail Bakhtin. This work was woven in a dialogic perspective, trying to bring to the printed text the experiences in the field and the debates initiated from these experiences and propose some ways to contribute to a school more meaningful to the contemporary times.

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Mosher, Ruby A. "Assessment of response variables in bovine models of pain and stress, with and without meloxicam." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16975.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology
Ronette Gehring
The absence of pain management for common husbandry procedures, such as dehorning and castration of cattle, is considered to be an important animal welfare consideration, but there are currently no drugs approved by the FDA for the purpose of providing pain relief in cattle. The FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) recognizes the need for the availability of pain-relieving drugs and has encouraged research into the development of behavioral and physiologic measures which can reliably demonstrate the effectiveness in that species. The USDA has also recognized this need by providing grants for research into investigating pain models for cattle that can be used for the development of pain mitigation methods. The studies reported in this dissertation were funded by the USDA and the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. They add to the body of knowledge from which a pain model in cattle may eventually be validated for use in the drug approval process and also contribute to knowledge base for a candidate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for convenient use in cattle. The study reported in Chapter 2 was conducted to support research of a candidate pain-assessment variable, substance P. This study provides future researchers with recommended sample handling procedures for obtaining reliable and repeatable results, which is important if substance P is to be validated as pain biomarker in cattle. The study in Chapter 3 investigated the use of several variables for use in a pain model. The results provided researchers, veterinarians and policy-makers with evidence to support the common practice of castrating and dehorning calves at the same time rather than as individual procedures separated by a healing interim. The study in Chapter 4 investigated the pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam when administered to juvenile ruminant and pre-ruminant calves. This study added to the growing knowledge base of the pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in cattle and also provided practitioners with practical information concerning the administration of the drug in milk replacer. Chapter 5 investigated the use of oral meloxicam in a production setting and indicated that meloxicam administration prior to surgical castration may reduce the incidence of respiratory disease in the post-surgical period.

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Chatchumni, Manaporn. "Post-operative pain management practice : Current situation and challenges within nursing practice in a Thai context." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-31674.

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Patients’ recovery after surgery is one of the most important health processes in planned hospital healthcare and has a direct impact on welfare and welfare systems. Therefore, what nurses do in the immediate postoperative period is of vital importance. This thesis addresses the question of understanding how nurses work in managing post-operative pain by exploring their daily nursing practices and experiences in responding to the patient in pain within a Thai cultural context. The project applied a qualitative methodology where the local culture and its day-to-day practices of pain management were studied by using observations, focus groups, in-depth interviews and a critical incident interview approach with nurses. Informants were recruited at a public hospital in Bangkok in a surgical ward. In all, 100 hours of observations, 39 interviews and 69 descriptions of critical incidents related to nurse’s pain management were gathered. The data analysis followed the principles of qualitative research. The findings showed that, although there is a clearly defined approach to pain management, the response system followed by the nurses to address patients’ pain is complex and includes much lead time between assessing patients’ pain and the nurses responding to the pain. Furthermore, nurses are caught in what is labeled a patient paradigm, where evidence of pain often is double- and triple-checked by scoring and recording signs that are then subject to confirmation by a third party. Underpinning this is a culture of pain management cultivated between the nurses that rests first and foremost on their own experiences and a working/professional culture where nurses offer each other practical help in urgent situations, but seldom discuss event-based strategies together. Nevertheless, when nurses described situations when they were successful in practicing pain management, they considered their own engagement and their availability of time, space and therapeutic options to be important. Keywords: Culture of nursing, Nursing in pain management, Pain assessment, Perception of pain, Pain management, Pain post-operative

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Onsongo, Lister Nyareso. "Examining cancer pain management practices among nurses in Kenya: a focused ethnography." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5821.

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Inadequate cancer pain management is a global problem. The problem is particularly worse in developing countries where the majority of patients present with advanced stages of the disease. Nurses play an important role in cancer pain management because they spend the majority of their time with patients. The purpose of the study was to examine role of unit cultures on cancer pain management practices among nurses in Kenya. A focused ethnography was used to explore cancer pain management practices of two different units (general and private) within the same institution. Data were collected for four months in a national referral hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. A total of twenty five nurses and fourteen secondary participants (e.g., nurse managers) participated in this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document reviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The study findings show that the unit culture plays a role in cancer pain management practices. For instance, nurses on the oncology unit prioritize pain while nurses on the private unit prioritize overall patient satisfaction. Nurses in both units do not conduct a comprehensive pain assessment and they do not use validated pain assessment tools. Facilitators, such as availability of analgesics and palliative care training, were helpful in managing cancer pain especially in the oncology unit. Barriers such as, negative attitudes towards opioids and doubting patients’ report of pain continue to hinder adequate cancer pain management in the private unit. Other barriers including lack of pain management policies, assessment tools, and workload, influence cancer pain management practices negatively in both units. Understanding the role of unit culture in nursing cancer pain management practices has important implications for policy and practice. Findings in this study show a divergence of the prevailing training of nurses on pain management and practice. Findings could be used to develop pain management policies and protocols for nurses to use as a guide in cancer pain management. Also, nurse managers could use this findings to improve practice for instance, training in cancer pain management could be expanded to include nurses in the private unit. In terms of research, studies could be done to capture patients’ perspectives regarding cancer pain management, or implementation studies could be carried out to alleviate the barriers identified. Lastly, tailored strategies aimed at changing the culture in a unit to enhance change in practice are needed.

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Martrus, Zapater Gloria. "Changes in codon-pair bias of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have profound effects on virus replication in cell culture." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119363.

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has a biased nucleotide composition different from human genes. This raises the question of how evolution has chosen the nucleotide sequence HIV-1 observed today, or to what extent the actual encoding contributes to virus replication capacity, evolvability and pathogenesis. Prior work has documented the effectiveness of making changes to the codon-pair bias of viral genomes in order to generate attenuated poliovirus and influenza virus. In this thesis, we applied the previously described synthetic attenuated virus engineering (SAVE) approach to HIV-1. Using synonymous codon pairs, we rationally recoded and codon pair–reoptimized and deoptimized different moieties of the HIV-1 gag and pol genes. RNA structures and codon usage of new recoded fragments were not affected by recoding. Deoptimized viruses had significantly lower viral replication capacity in MT-4 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Various degrees of ex vivo attenuation were obtained depending upon the specific deoptimized region and the number of deoptimized codons. After restricting viral replication to a single cycle by using a single-cycle HIV-1 vector, a significant reduction in protein production was observed in the vector carrying an attenuated virus variant. This reduction in protein synthesis was not accompanied by a reduction in the targeted transcript copy number, which strongly suggests that translation, and not transcription, is implicated in the generation of the attenuated phenotype by SAVE technology. A protease reoptimized virus carrying 38 synonymous mutations was not attenuated and displayed a replication capacity similar to that of the wild type virus in MT-4 cells and PBMCs. Although attenuation is based on several tens of nucleotide changes, after serial passages in MT-4 cells, both gag and protease deoptimized HIV-1 reverted to wild-type virulence in MT-4 cells while some maintain a certain attenuation degree in PBMCs. Quasispecies analysis of viral passaged sequences showed that attenuated viruses accumulated either synonymous mutations (reversions to wild-type sequences or novel mutations) or non-synonymous mutations. Recoded viruses explored different space sequences. Remarkably, no important reversion was observed in the reoptimized virus. Thus, these data demonstrate that SAVE is a useful strategy to gradually affect the replicative properties of HIV-1 by a mechanism that involves translation. HIV-1 with different degrees of attenuation can be a useful tool for the development of a safe and effective vaccine as well as the development of safer gene-therapy lentiviral vectors.
El virus de la immunodeficiència humana 1 (VIH-1) conté una composició de nucleòtids diferent de la existent en el gens humans. Aquest fet planteja les qüestions de com la evolució ha triat la seqüència nucleotídica del VIH1 observada avui en dia, i de fins a quin punt aquesta seqüència actual contribueix a la capacitat replicativa, evolució i patogènesis virals. S’ha descrit que canvis en el ús de parelles de codons són eficaços per tal de generar virus atenuats de Poliovirus i Influenza. En aquesta tesi, hem aplicat la tecnologia prèviament descrita, “synthetic attenuated virus engineering” (SAVE) al VIH-1. Emprant parelles de codó sinònimes de manera racional, hem recodificat reoptimizant i desoptimizant per parelles de codó diferents fragments dels gens gag i pol del VIH-1. Les estructures de ARN i el us de codó dels nous fragments recodificats no es van veure afectades per la recodificació. Els virus desoptimizats van mostrar una replicació viral significativament inferior al virus control en cèl·lules MT-4 i en cèl·lules mononuclears de sang perifèrica (PBMCs). Depenent de la regió específica desoptimizada i del número de codons desoptimizats, es van obtenir diversos nivells d’atenuació ex vivo. Una reducció significant en la producció proteica es va observar quan la replicació viral va ser restringida a un sol cicle de replicació emprant un vector VIH-1 d’un sol cicle de replicació. La menor producció proteica no va correlacionar amb una reducció en el número de còpies del transcrit diana. Aquest fet suggereix que la transcripció, i no la traducció, es troba implicada en la generació dels fenotips atenuats produïts per la tecnologia de SAVE. El virus de proteasa reoptimizat que contenia 38 mutacions sinònimes, no es va mostrar atenuat, ans el contrari, mostrava una capacitat replicativa similar a la del virus control en cèl·lules MT-4 i en PBMCs. Encara que l’atenuació dels virus desoptimizats es basava en varies desenes de canvis nucleotídics, després de varis passis seriats en cèl·lules MT-4s, els virus desoptimizats de les regions de gag i proteasa van revertir a la virulència del virus control en cèl·lules MT-4. Alguns virus desoptimizats passats encara van mantenir un cert grau d’atenuació en PBMCs. Els anàlisis de quasiespècies de les seqüències dels virus passats en cultiu van mostrar que els virus atenuats acumulaven o bé mutacions sinònimes (reversions a la seqüència control o noves mutacions) o bé mutacions no-sinònimes. Els virus recodificats per la tecnologia de SAVE exploren diferents espais de seqüència. Singularment, no es va observar cap reversió important al virus reoptimizat passat en cultiu. Per tant, totes aquestes dades demostren que la tecnologia de SAVE és una estratègia útil per a afectar gradualment fenotípicament la capacitat replicativa del VIH-1, mitjançant un mecanisme que implica la traducció. El VIH-1 amb diferents nivells d’atenuació pot ser una eina utilitzable per al desenvolupament d’una vacuna segura i efectiva, així com pel desenvolupament de vectors lenvirals per a teràpia gènica més segurs.

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Pasqualin, Flavia Andréa. "Modo de vida e vivência do morto na tenda espírita de umbanda Pai Benedito." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-22122009-112904/.

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Essa pesquisa trata-se do estudo de caso de um terreiro de umbanda, a Tenda Espírita de Umbanda Pai Benedito, situada na cidade de Jardinópolis-SP. Teve como objetivo geral apreender o modo de vida de uma comunidade afro-brasileira e específicos identificar especificidades e possibilidades de construção de significados abertas pelo recurso ao dispositivo cultural que afirma a sobrevida dos mortos e a sua participação na vida social e psicológica dos vivos, como também, conhecer concepções umbandistas a este respeito. O método adotado foi a participação da pesquisadora no cotidiano do grupo e o registro sistemático das narrativas que envolviam relatos deste tipo. Para efeito de análise deixou-se em suspenso quaisquer juízos a respeito da plausibilidade ou inverosimilhança da tese, uma vez que não se tratou de discutir a crença metafísico-religiosa subjacente, mas tão somente de observar e descrever o seu alcance na vida psíquica e na interação social. Sendo assim, admitido que o morto participa da vida social e psíquica do grupo, visou-se compreender como essa presença entre os vivos cria ou modula sentidos e possibilidades de vivências psíquicas, assim como regula as relações interpessoais. O método adotado foi o etnográfico, que proporcionou uma participação observante, com o objetivo de descrever a comunidade por dentro e a história oral, foi utilizada como um recurso a mais para ouvir os relatos orais. Para efeito de análise levaram-se em conta considerações teóricas a respeito da natureza do discurso narrativo, inspiradas em Lacan e Bakhtin, que propiciaram tratar além das narrativas. Contudo, não se pretendeu esgotar a totalidade de possibilidades abertas por estes recursos. Conclui-se que o recurso ao morto como significante e interlocutor social possibilita grande riqueza e sutileza de recursos expressivos, capazes de fortalecer laços interpessoais e intergeracionais e de promover concomitantemente inclusão social e integração psíquica.
This research is a case of an umbanda worship place, the Pai Benedito Spiritist Umbanda Tent, located in the city of Jardinópolis, state of São Paulo. The study aimed, generally, to apprehend the way of life of an African-Brazilian community and specifically to identify specificities and possibilities of construction of meanings open by the resort to the cultural device that states the survival of the dead people and their participation in the social and psychological life of the people alive; to know the umbanda conceptions on this issue. The adopted method was researcher´s participation in the daily life of the group and the systematic register of the narratives involving such reports. For the analysis, no judgment was done regarding the plausibility or unlikelihood of the thesis, since the implied metaphysical-religious belief was not discussed, the study only observed and described its reach on the psychic life and social interaction. Thus, assuming the dead people participate in the social and psychic life of the group, the study aimed to comprehend how this presence among alive people creates or modules meanings and possibilities of psychic experiences, as well as how it regulates interpersonal relationships. The ethnographic method was used, permitting an observant participation by the researcher, aiming to describe the community from the inside. The oral history was used as an additional resort to listen to the oral reports. The theoretical consideration of the narrative discourse, inspired in Lacan and Bakhtin, was considered for the analysis, which enable to consider beyond the narratives. Nevertheless, it was not aimed to drain all possibilities opened by these resorts. It is concluded that the resort of the dead as significant and social interlocutor permits abundant and subtle expressive resorts, responsible to strengthen interpersonal and intergenerational ties, and to promote, simultaneously, social inclusion and psychic integration.

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Damba, Nicole. "Education à la paix." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081774.

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La montee de la delinquance juvenile en france souleve bien des questions : pourquoi la violence fait rage ?qu'est-ce que l'education a la paix ? ce sont la des questions prioritaires auxquelles je tente de repondre. Concernant le plan du memoire : la premiere partie est un reve eveille sur la paix. La seconde est une entree dans l'univers interculturel de la danse. La troisieme est une verification sur le terrain. Le but ici est de rappeler aux educateurs que leur mission premiere est de preserver l'humanite. Cette recherche a consiste a demontrer a travers des exemples, qu'on peut obtenir la paix par la mobilisation, la sensibilisation des gens et en faisant bouger les mentalites et les consciences. Pas d'education sans paix. Les resultats obtenus par les investigations permettent de constater que les gens commencent a bouger pour faire en sorte que la france conserve aux yeux du monde, son image tant convoitee de << pays des droits de l'homme >>.

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Cuny, Lara. "Between the State and the Arts ˸ Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts/Arts Council of Northern Ireland (1943-2016)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030041.

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En 1939, le Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts (CEMA) est créé en Grande-Bretagne afin de financer la production artistique. Quatre ans plus tard, sous les pressions du gouvernement de Londres, la même institution est constituée en Irlande du Nord. N’étant pas le fruit d’une volonté politique locale, le CEMA (NI) mettra de longues années à faire accepter le principe d’un soutien public aux arts. Ce travail étudie cette institution, renommée Arts Council of Northern Ireland (ACNI) en 1963, dans toutes ses dimensions : politique, économique, sociale, identitaire, culturelle et, bien sûr, artistique. En effet, si les fonctions et le budget du CEMA sont extrêmement restreints en 1943, le Conseil acquiert de nombreuses responsabilités et s’affirme progressivement, même si sa ligne directrice reste très influencée, voire contrôlée, par le gouvernement unioniste. A partir des année 1970, le conflit opposant républicains et loyalistes l’oblige néanmoins à se replier sur lui-même et à se murer dans une politique souvent critiquée comme élitiste, afin de maintenir une neutralité qu’il juge irréprochable. Par la suite, le processus de paix lui confère un réel rôle en termes de promotion de la réconciliation entre les communautés. La création d’un ministère de la Culture en 1998 augmente son intégration dans une politique culturelle menée par un gouvernement local de coalition. La culture, en tant que révélatrice des identités régionales, demeure cependant un point controversé et clivant, certains universitaires allant jusqu’à dire qu’il s’agit maintenant d’une guerre non plus armée, mais culturelle
In 1939, as war had just broken out, the Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts (CEMA) was created in Great Britain to finance the arts. Four years later, the same organisation was established in Northern Irelad because of the pressure coming from the London government. As it was not born out of regional political conviction, CEMA (NI) struggled for years to get the principle of public support for the arts accepted.The present work studies this organisation, which was renamed Arts Council of Northern Ireland (ACNI) in 1963, under various angles: political, economic, social, cultural and, of course, artistic. It will also question the arm’s length principle and the separation between the realm of politics and that of the arts that the Council was supposed to guarantee. Indeed, even though the role and the budget of CEMA were extremely limited in 1943, the Council progressively acquired numerous responsibilities. This did not go unnoticed by the unionist government, which sought to control CEMA/ACNI and how it distributed grants. With the outbreak of the Troubles in the late 1960s, the Council increasingly isolated itself in order to be recognised as neutral in the conflict. However, this also pushed it to put in place a policy that was perceived as elitist and cut out from the population. In the 1990s, the Peace Process gave ACNI a new role in the promotion of reconciliation between the communities. With the creation of the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure in 1998, the Council was further integrated into the cultural policy framework of the regional and power-sharing government. Nevertheless, culture remained a sore point and a divisive issue in Northern Ireland, with academics going as far as to say that the conflict has now become a cultural war

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Joneken, Isabelle. "Empathy and Ethnicity : The Ethnic Empathy Bias." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10139.

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The aim of this thesis is to overview studies examining the effect ethnicity has on the neural and physiological responses associated with empathy and the underlying mechanisms behind this effect. It has been revealed that ethnicity can modulate the empathic responses in that faster physiological arousal and greater sensorimotor resonance occurs during the perception of own ethnic members in suffering. A reduction and even total absence of activity in empathy-associated brain regions such as anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, temporo partial junction and medial prefrontal cortex has further been seen during the perception of other ethnic members in pain. There have however been studies where ethnicity has not had an effect on empathic responses, indicating that it might not be ethnicity per se but instead other underlying mechanisms that causes the difference in empathic responses. There is an ongoing debate on which these mechanisms might be. It has been suggested that it might be attitudes, similarity and familiarity with the target, general ingroup bias, differences in perceptual processes and culture. The thesis will end with a discussion on how the results can be interpreted, the implications of the results, proposals for future research directions and a conclusion.

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Van, Renterghem Pierre. "Etude de l'expression des facteurs de transcription TTF-1 et Pax 8 dans les thyrocytes de chien en culture primaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212612.

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Christmann, Olivia. "La consolidation de la paix en Bosnie-Herzégovine : instruments de paix européens et limites." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010273.

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Le rapport du groupe d'étude sur les opérations de paix de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, du 21 août 2000, dit «rapport Brahimi », définit ces opérations comme faisant appel à trois activités principales: la prévention des conflits et le rétablissement de la paix, le maintien de la paix et la consolidation de la paix. Cette dernière activité correspond à l'action menée après les conflits en vue de reconstituer les bases propres à affermir la paix. A cet égard, l'Etat de Bosnie-Herzégovine, né de l'éclatement yougoslave, constitue un cas topique non seulement pour la mise en place d'instruments destinés à mettre en œuvre la consolidation de la paix mais aussi pour les développements de la coopération des Nations Unies avec le Conseil de l'Europe, l'Organisation pour la Sécurité et la Coopération en Europe et en particulier avec l'Union européenne, pour laquelle la Bosnie-Herzégovine a constitué un laboratoire de la gestion de crise. Ainsi, c'est l'aune du cas de la Bosnie-Herzégovine que cette thèse, qui s'inscrit dans une démarche empirique, se propose, dans une première partie, d'analyser les instruments de paix mis en place à la suite des Accords de Dayton-Paris de décembre 1995 pour consolider la paix et d'en dégager les spécificités européennes. Après avoir envisagé la possibilité pour ces instruments de paix européens de constituer des modèles pour d'autres opérations de paix, cette thèse revient, dans une seconde partie, sur les limites de la consolidation de la paix ainsi que sur celles des instruments de paix européens.

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Safai, Parissa. "Healing the body in the "culture of risk," pain, and injury, negotiations between clinicians and injured athletes in Canadian competitive intercollegiate sport." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58806.pdf.

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BENCHEIKH, LATMANI OMAR. "L'ocean indien : zone de paix." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010315.

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Jocelyne, Vivien. "Élaboration d’un matériel pédagogique pour l’éducation à la paix basé sur des modèles de paix." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9600.

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L’éducation à la paix s’est développée juste après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, notamment avec la création de l’UNESCO. D’ailleurs, son Acte constitutif commence avec l’énoncé du principe suivant: « Les guerres prenant naissance dans l’esprit des hommes, c’est dans l’esprit des hommes que doivent être élevées les défenses de la paix. » (Unesco, 1945, 2014, p. 5) Après des recherches sur l’idéal de paix et sur les conceptions de l’éducation à la paix, nous avons posé quelques questions: Quelles sont les différentes stratégies d’éducation à la paix formelles, informelles et non formelles mises en place à travers le monde? À partir de l’inventaire des stratégies d’éducation à la paix, quelles sont celles qui participent le plus à l’objectif de construire un artisan de paix en chaque individu, peu importe son âge, sa classe sociale, sa culture et sa société? La recension des écrits a permis de mettre en évidence quelques pratiques: le dialogue pour la réconciliation, l’éducation interculturelle et aux droits humains, la médiation des conflits. Mais on ne relève pas de pratiques d’éducation à la paix basée sur les modèles. C’est pourquoi, nous avons énoncé la question générale de recherche en ces termes: En quoi les vies des figures de paix en tant que modèles de paix peuvent-elles contribuer à l’éducation à la paix? Nous avons mis en relief le lien possible entre le modèle de paix et la pédagogie basée sur le modèle (Gardner, 1999) dans le but de faire de l’éducation à la paix. Puis, nous avons pu poser deux objectifs de recherche: 1. Élaborer un matériel pédagogique à partir de la vie de modèles de paix pour servir à l’éducation à la paix dans des contextes éducatifs non formels; 2. Faire valider le matériel par des experts. Selon la démarche méthodologique de la recherche de développement (Van der Maren, 2014), nous avons élaboré le prototype du matériel pédagogique. Pour cela, nous avons sélectionné cinq modèles de paix: le Mahatma Gandhi, Mère Teresa, Martin Luther King, Wangari Maathai et Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba. Pour chaque modèle, nous avons créé des scénarios pédagogiques et élaboré du matériel d’accompagnement en fonction d’événements marquants dans leurs vies. Sept experts ont évalué le matériel produit et ont fait des suggestions pour l’améliorer. L’analyse de leur évaluation et leurs recommandations nous a permis de rédiger une nouvelle version que nous avons appelée la version validée du matériel. Le matériel pédagogique produit est intitulé La vie de modèles de paix: Outils d’éducation à la paix. La visée de ce matériel est de donner la possibilité à l’être humain d’identifier son potentiel en tant qu’artisan de paix et de l’amener à développer la paix en lui-même afin de semer la paix autour de lui. Les retombées de cette recherche concernent tant la communauté scientifique que la communauté professionnelle. Nous avons développé une approche pédagogique nouvelle pour faire de l’éducation à la paix et avons dégagé ses fondements théoriques, en plus de produire pour des intervenants socioéducatifs un matériel pédagogique qui a fait l’objet d’une évaluation rigoureuse.

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Ferreira, Aurimar Pacheco. "A Pax que vai à luta: um estudo sobre o projeto construção coletiva de espaços e tempos de paz ABCD/SP." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17541.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aurimar Pacheco Ferreira.pdf: 709795 bytes, checksum: 0817a7e4a7955bd7d893be4debc94ec1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-24
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The theme of this research referred to an experience conducted by NECA Associação dos Pesquisadores de Núcleos de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Crianças e o Adolescente, named Collective Construction Project of Spaces and Times of Peace , which occurred along twelve months (January to December/2006) in seven municipalities of the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, known as Great ABCD, composed by the cities of Santo Andre, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirao Pires and Rio Grande da Serra. The operation of the Project was proposed by the Intermunicipal Consortium of the Great ABCD, which represented the juridical collegiate instance of the seven cities, that have been acting in those places for around ten years, as a development agency for the municipalities, affecting the Public Policies and its paths of intermunicipal interactions. The study aimed to investigate the many forms of thematic, the content and the shape of the workshops received by the participants, all them indicated, in their respective cities, by its local municipalities, that was supported by the municipals secretaries of Education, Health, Transport, as well other Public Policies having transversal actuation with the Social Assistances policies. The implementation process of the workshops took twelve months of work, including stages of selection and formation of instructors, work assemblies with the respective municipal secretaries, along with the Greater ABCD Intermunicipal Consortium, local preparation seminaries, mobilization, opening and evaluation of the developed activities. The workshops were accomplished itself between the months of August and December of the year of 2006 and totalized a number of thirty nine, beginning with thirty participants, who were kept in the workshops during four hours a week, during ten weeks. The study presented a cut view about the totality of the workshops and analyses the objective and subjective meanders of such a proposal
O tema desta pesquisa refere-se à experiência realizada pelo NECA - Associação dos Pesquisadores de Núcleos de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Criança e o Adolescente, denominada Projeto Construção Coletiva de Espaços e Tempos de Paz que se desencadeou durante doze meses (janeiro a dezembro / 2006) em sete municípios da Grande São Paulo, na região do ABCD, composta pelos municípios de Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra. A operação do Projeto foi proposta pelo Consórcio Intermunicipal do Grande ABC, instância jurídica colegiada dos sete municípios, a qual atua há cerca de dez anos, como uma agência de desenvolvimento regional, incidindo sobre as Políticas Públicas e suas formas de interação intermunicipal. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar as diversas formas, a temática, o conteúdo e o formato das oficinas recebidas pelos participantes, todos indicados em cada município pela municipalidade local, por meio das secretarias de municipais de Educação, Saúde, Transporte e demais Políticas Públicas com atuação transversal à política de Assistência Social. O processo de implantação das oficinas compreendeu doze meses de trabalho, com seleção e formação dos oficineiros, reuniões de trabalhos com as respectivas secretarias municipais em conjunto com o Consórcio Intermunicipal do Grande ABCD, seminários locais e regionais de preparação, mobilização, abertura e avaliação dos trabalhos. As oficinas em si foram realizadas entre agosto e dezembro de 2006 e foram constituídas de trinta e nove, com trinta participantes inscritos, carga horária de quatro horas semanais, durante dez semanas. O estudo apresenta uma visão recortada da totalidade das oficinas e analisa os meandros objetivos e subjetivos de uma proposta dessa natureza

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Tolley-Stokes, Rebecca. "(The Way I See It): Try on a New Pair of Sensible Shoes: What Libraries Can Learn About Customer Service and Organizational Culture." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5758.

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Akemakou, Njinga Nessan. "L’existence d’une « paix autoritaire » en Afrique ? : une réflexion antithétique à la théorie de la paix démocratique." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10022.

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La théorie de la paix démocratique d’inspiration kantienne postule que les démocraties entretiennent des rapports pacifiques. Nolens volens, force est de constater que depuis 1945, deux régimes dits démocratiques ne se sont pas affrontés militairement de manière frontale. Nonobstant, les arguments avancés pour expliquer cette paix (la nature irénique des démocraties, les valeurs du libéralisme politique et économique, etc.) sont discutables ; a fortiori lorsque des vertus pacifiques sont prêtées aux démocraties et des vices belligènes aux autocraties. Cette étude, qui tente d’éprouver les postulats de ce modèle théorique libéral, suggère l’hypothèse d’une « paix autoritaire ». Il affleure que la nature d’un régime n’a pas d’incidence notable sur son comportement extérieur. Les régimes autoritaires, à l’instar de leurs pairs démocratiques, se trouvent aussi généralement en état de paix séparée entre eux. Cette hypothèse souffre toutefois quelques réserves. Si l’autoritarisme ne constitue pas un facteur aggravant de conflictualité internationale, il en va tout autrement sur un plan domestique. C’est par exemple une cause et un catalyseur des dynamiques de belligérance interne en Afrique. Il fragilise le corps social et favorise l’autolyse de ses cellules i.e. les citoyens. Plusieurs autres facteurs expliquent la prévalence élevée des guerres civiles au sein du continent africain tels que la monopolisation du pouvoir politique et sa gestion néopatrimoniale, les carences de gouvernance, l’ethnicité etc. La variable identitaire apparaît toutefois moins importante que ne le suggère la littérature. En effet, en dépit de leur pluricausalité, ces conflits surviennent essentiellement en raison de l’absence de partage équitable du pouvoir politique et des ressources économiques. Ils ont aussi partie liée avec l’insuffisante reconnaissance symbolique des communautés ethniques. L’ethnicité n’intervient qu’incidemment et notamment lorsqu’elle est manipulée à dessein par des entrepreneurs politiques à des fins politiciennes. Ces causes de conflictualité doivent être associées à l’impéritie de l’État postcolonial qui se révèle structurellement inadéquat, et partant inapte à enrayer la fratricide spirale guerrière qui a transformé l’Afrique en vaste sépulcre. Un tel constat suscite la quête théorique d’un modèle d’État et d’un système de gouvernance propices à une paix durable, pouvant seoir aux pays africains et prenant en considération leurs réalités endogènes ainsi que leurs caractéristiques culturelles et sociologiques propres
The theory of democratic peace derived from Kantianism posits that democratic states maintain peaceful relationships amongst them. However, one cannot fail to observe nolens volens that since 1945 there has been no direct military confrontation between two regimes considered as democratic. Notwithstanding the arguments that have been put forward to explain this state of peace—the peaceful nature of democracies, the values of economic and political liberalism, etc.—are questionable, especially when some virtues of peacefulness are attributed to democracies and warmongering vices to autocracies. This study attempts to put to the test the premises of this theoretical liberal model while introducing the hypothesis of an “authoritarian peace”. It transpires that the nature of a regime does not affect the way it handles its external affairs. The authoritarian regimes like their democratic counterparts generally exist peacefully side by side. Yet, this hypothesis is not without its own limitations. While authoritarianism does not represent an aggravating factor of conflictuality internationally, it can have an adverse effect domestically. It is for instance a cause and a catalyst of the dynamics of internal warfare in African states. It weakens the social body and causes the autolysis of its cells, ie. the citizens. Other factors such as the monopolization of political power, neo-property management, lack of effective governance, ethnicity, etc. can explain the high prevalence of civil wars in Africa. The identity factor is not as important as the current literature suggests. In fact, despite the plurality of their causes, these conflicts generally occur due to the lack of equitable sharing of political power and economic resources. There is also the fact that the power-holders often fail to pay proper regard to some ethnic communities. Ethnicity is therefore simply the by-product of these main causes, stoked up by some political entrepreneurs in pursuit of their political ends. These causes of conflictuality should not be divorced from the failure of the post-colonial African state, structurally inadequate and therefore incapable of bringing to a halt the fratricidal spiral of warfare which has transformed Africa into a large sepulchre. In view of this fact, there is a need to find a theory for a model of state and governance that could guarantee a lasting peace; that would be suitable for the African countries; and that would take into account their endogenous realities and their own cultural and sociological characteristics

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Clerc, Lidwine. "Semer les graines de la paix : les Organisations Internationales et l’éducation à la paix au Kenya." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH034.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse au programme et aux activités d'éducation à la paix menées par le gouvernement Kenyan analysés grâce à un cas d'étude qualitatif et une ethnographie "multi-site". Les violences postélectorales de 2007-2008 ont été le point de départ de considérable programme et activités œuvrant à la construction de la paix. Notre analyse débute à l'indépendance, en 1963; en effet, ce fut un point charnière de l'histoire nationale car le Kenya a été rendu aux Kenyans mais aussi car la violence structurelle du pays, ses injustices sociales, se renforcèrent dans les mains même des Africains. Nous revoyons l'histoire de la politique étatique pour saisir les notions de groupe ethnique, de communauté ethnique, de politique ethnique en plus des répartitions inégales des terres et des frontières intérieures. En conséquence, les principales causes de conflit ethniques sont revues aussi. En dehors de la violence physique, le Kenya est sérieusement défié au cœur de sa sécurité nationale; par l'urbanisation rapide et la croissance incessante des bidonvilles avec de forts taux de chômage chez les jeunes; et par de nombreux problèmes liés aux 500,000 réfugiés habitant sur son sol. Nous revoyons aussi brièvement comment la corruption est omniprésente et sous-jacente à tous les problèmes mentionnés ci-dessus. Le Kenya a fait la paix avec l'aide d'une médiation internationale et de l'implémentation inhérente des quatre agendas adressant les causes urgentes et celles de long terme du conflit Kenyan. Cette thèse explore pourquoi, et surtout, comment l'éducation à la paix s'est développée au niveau national; et si elle a eu un impact sur la violence structurelle. Notre inspection commence à la naissance du programme d'éducation à la paix au Ministère de l'Education, de la Science et de la Technologie, avec le HCR; et ensuite avec l'UNICEF. Après, la campagne nationale d'éducation à la paix a été construite en vue des élections générales, notablement paisibles, de 2013 et aussi grâce à d’autres activités. Le Kenya devint le leader continental de l'ADEA: ICQN-EP, en apprenant et partageant ses expériences avec d'autre pays africains. Une politique nationale d'éducation à la paix a été promulguée en 2014 avec l'UNICEF et l'UNESCO; l'éducation à la paix appartient désormais au patrimoine national kenyan
This thesis investigates Kenya's governmental journey into peace education through a qualitative case study and multi-sited ethnography. The relentless post-election violence of 2007-2008 signed the beginning of extensive peace building activities. Our analysis starts right at independence, in 1963; a corner stone in the national history since it rendered Kenya to Kenyans but also because the country's structural violence, social injustices, started building up in the hands of Africans. We reviewed the history of national politics to understand notions of ethnic group, ethnic community, ethnic politics in addition to unequal land allocations and internal borders. Accordingly main reasons of ethnic conflicts were assessed as well. Besides behavioural violence, Kenya is greatly challenged in terms of internal security; by rapid urbanization and ever growing slum areas with high rates of unemployed youth and by facing daily tough issues with over 500,000 refugees on its soil. We also reviewed briefly the ubiquitous corruption as an underlying matter of the issues above mentioned. Kenya made peace with an international mediation and the implementation of four agendas attending to proximate and long term issues. This thesis explored why, and most importantly, how peace education rallied round to the national peace building cause; further wondering if peace education had an impact on structural violence. Our review started at the beginning of the peace education programme in the MoEST headquarters with UNHCR and later with UNICEF. Afterwards, a national peace education campaign was built in sight of the notably peaceful 2013-general election, alongside with other activities. Kenya became the continental lead country of the ADEA: ICQN-PE, learning and sharing experiences with fellow African countries. A governmental policy on peace education was launched in 2014 with UNICEF and UNESCO; peace education now belongs to the patrimony of Kenya

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Claparède-Albernhe, Brigitte. "Amos Oz, une écriture de paix /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399472278.

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Ekwa, Mateke Wilfried. "Le processus de paix en Angola." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020092.

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Les dernieres evolutions semblent indiquer une acceleration du processus de reconciliation nationale tant esperee et toujours repoussee. Des annees de guerre sauvage et destructrice finissent par lasser les belligerents qui entreprennent des negociations quadripartites -usa, angola, cuba et rsa- a londres en mai 1988. Les parties signent solennellement deux accords de paix a new york en decembre 1988, mettant fin au "conflit international" en angola. Restait a regler le conflit interangolais. Des rudes marchandages entre le mpla au pouvoir et l'unita, sous la mediation zairoise, aboutissent en juin 1988 aux accords de gbadolite demeures sans lendemain. De nouvelles negociations orchestrees par le portugal a lisbonne, a partir de 1990, se terminent par la signature des accords de bicesse le 31 mai 1991, qui posent les jalons d'un angola democratique aux termes d'elections legislatives et presidentielles prevues pour l'annee 1992. Malheureusement, l'unita reprend les hostilites apres sa defaite aux urnes pour tenter de conquerir le pouvoir par la force. La confrontation tourne a l'avantage du pouvoir en place. Totalement defaite, la rebellion accepte de signer les accords de lusaka qui consacrent la suprematie du mpla, en novembre 1994. Quelles sont les raisons conjoncturelles et structurelles qui ont contraint les protagonistes a engager des pourparlers et a conclure des accords de paix ? des facteurs internes et externes, lesquels ont ete determinants en derniere analyse ?
The latest developments seem to point towards some acceleration in the national reconciliation process xhich has been so much hoped for yet always turned down. Years of savage and destructive war finally tired the belligerents who agreed to negociations with the four powers which are u. S. A. , angola, cuba and republic of south africa in may 1988. The parties solemnly signed two peace-agreements in new york in december 1988, putting an end to the "international conflict" in angola. One problem remained - finding a solution for the conflict within angola itself. Harsh bargaining between the mpla in power and the unita, under the mediation of zaire, finally led to the agreements of gbadolite, in 1989, but these short-lived. New negociations conducted by portugal in lisbon from 1990 ended by the signing of the bicesse agreement on may 31st, 1991. These paved the way for a democratic angola to come into existence with the end of general and presidential elections scheduled for 1992. Unfortunately, unita resumed hostilities after their poll defeat in order to gain power by force. Confrontation turned to the advantage of those in power. The rebels, after this total defeat, accepted to sign the lusaka agreements, thus establishing mpla supremacy in november 1994. Which structural and conjonctural reasons have forced the protagonists to open talks and sign peace-agreements ? were there any deciding interior or exterior factors after all ?

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Chevalier, Laurent. "La frontière entre guerre et paix." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100053.

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La frontière est le concept central de la géographie. Non pas parce qu'elle serait une donnée naturelle de la Terre (géo), mais bien parce qu'elle est son écriturre (graphie). La frontière ne naît pas avec la Terre mais avec son dédoublement cartographique. Son écriture suppose autant le mythe que l'histoire, car elle est de l'ordre du signe entre sacralisation et désacralisation. Mais plus qu'un signe parmi d'autres, nous verrons qu'elle est consécutive de l'acte même de signifier et de faire sens. Aussi, nous nous limiterons pas à étudier l'un de ses masques en particulier. Nous tenterons plutôt de saisir son fonctionnement même à travers ses principales articulations. Car celles-ci fondent et structurent autant l'espace et le temps de toute communauté humaine que l'espace et le temps de tout individu qui y est intégré, voudrait l'être ou chercherait, au contraire, à s'en libérer. Dans cette perspective penser la frontière, c'est rester à la frontière de la philosophie, de la psychanalyse et des sciences. Enfin, si la réalité de la frontière c'est la guerre et sa fiction la paix, c'est en explorant l'entre-deux que nous ne serons peut-être plus dupe de l'un ou de l'autre. L'enjeu ne pourra se réduire à l'espoir d'une autre vie, mais à l'invention d'une histoire qui ne sera plus celle de la violence et de l'illusion des frontières.

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Clément, Renaud. "Bioculture : l’adaptivité culturelle dans les discours du gouvernement canadien (1967-2014)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37045.

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L’idée que les discours du gouvernement Harper représenteraient une rupture fondamentale par rapport à la mythologie nationale établie est répandue dans les discours populaires et universitaires. Selon ces perspectives, une ancienne mythologie canadienne, exemplifiée par les symboles du multiculturalisme et du maintien de la paix, serait animée par l’idéal d’une ouverture exceptionnelle à la diversité. En contraste, la nouvelle symbolique conservatrice serait monolithiquement britannique, monarchique, impérialiste, et raciste. Ce penchant sur la question d’une telle rupture, cette thèse doctorale offre une analyse systématique des discours historiques du gouvernement fédéral, par lesquels l’ancienne mythologie nationale s’est ancrée dans l’imaginaire canadien. À la lumière d’une telle analyse, la nature et l’ampleur des continuités et ruptures entre ancienne et nouvelle mythologies sont évaluées. Du point de vue théorique, cette thèse innove en développant un concept apte à cerner les limites de ces deux systèmes symboliques mythologiques en ce qui a trait à leurs ouvertures relatives à la diversité. Adoptant comme point de départ la biopolitique foucaldienne et les conceptions poststructuralistes de l’identité/différence, la bioculture s’en distingue en étant sensible à la possibilité que les discours identitaires reconnaissent l’importance centrale de la diversité pour assurer l’optimisation de mécanismes adaptifs culturels, de façon analogue aux processus de la biologie évolutive. Une telle grille d’intelligibilité, qui appréhende la culture comme le résultat de la tension entre dynamiques autotransgressive et autopréservative, nous permet de répondre à notre questionnement sur la symbolique nationale.

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Hamdi, Mehdi. "Les opérations de consolidation de la paix." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00474193.

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Les opérations de consolidation de la paix (OCP) sont l'ensemble des actions menées en vue de définir et d'étayer les structures propres à raffermir la paix afin d'éviter une reprise des hostilités. Bien que des actions de consolidation se rencontrent avant 1992, l'existence des opérations de consolidation de la paix fut consta-tée et dénommée par l'ancien Secrétaire général des Nations unies Boutros Boutros-Ghali dans l'Agenda pour la paix. Par la suite, les diffé-rentes études réalisées et la pratique ont permis de cerner les acteurs, les objectifs et les besoins d'une OCP. Ainsi la consolidation de la paix inclut non seulement des questions de sécurité – qui peuvent relever d'une mission de police – mais également des questions de restauration de la démocratie, de développement socio-économique et de la justice. Même si le Conseil de sécurité occupe une place importante dans la consolidation de la paix, il n'en est ni le seul acteur, ni le principal responsable. Ce sont, au contraire, de nombreux organes de l'ONU et organismes internationaux qui interviennent au cours des différentes étapes de la consolidation de la paix. Afin d'apporter une réponse adéquate au besoin de coordination et de coopération entre ces différents acteurs, la Commission de consolidation de la paix a été créée en 2005. Elle est le premier organe cosubsidiaire des Nations unies : elle dépend à la fois de l'Assemblée générale et du Conseil de sécurité, ce qui n'est pas sans susciter des difficultés. Elle n'est cependant pas le principal acteur de la consolida-tion de la paix puisque la responsabilité principale de chaque opération incombe à l'Etat en question. Malgré le nombre important de conflits dans le monde, la Commission n'a actuellement que quatre pays inscrits à son ordre du jour : le Burundi, la Sierra Leone, la Guinée-Bissau et la République Centrafricaine. On peut, toutefois, souhaiter qu'un nombre croissant d'Etats s'inscrive prochainement auprès de cette nouvelle Commission pour éviter le retour des conflits.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Culture de la paix'

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