Relevant bibliographies by topics / Culture de neurones

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Academic literature on the topic 'Culture de neurones'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Culture de neurones"

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Orr, D. J., and R. A. Smith. "Neuronal maintenance and neurite extension of adult mouse neurones in non-neuronal cell-reduced cultures is dependent on substratum coating." Journal of Cell Science 91, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.91.4.555.

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Adult mouse DRG neurones have been maintained for 14 days in cultures where non-neuronal cell proliferation was inhibited by the inclusion of 5 × 10(−6) microM-cytosine arabinoside (AraC) in the medium from the onset of culture. On uncoated plastic neurone numbers significantly declined in the absence of non-neuronal cell outgrowth compared with uninhibited co-cultures. However, when neurones were maintained in the presence of AraC on certain coated surfaces this decrease in neurone numbers was not observed. Combinations of fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM) proved most effective for 7 and 14 days in vitro, although either was beneficial if used separately. Microexudates produced by the fibroblast line, 3T6, also significantly improved neuronal counts for 14 days in vitro. However, a microexudate derived from primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes, although advantageous for 7 days in vitro, was not effective in maintaining neurones over the 14-day culture period, reminiscent of previous observations when synthetic cationic agents were used. Electrophoretic analysis of the fibroblast exudate indicated that fibronectin was present in the substrate-attached material generated by this cell line. The reduction in non-neuronal cell growth facilitated the monitoring of neuronal structural detail by scanning electron microscopy. Examination of neurite extension, indicative of neurone differentiation, was particularly improved. FN/LAM and the fibroblast-derived exudate increased nerve fibre growth, whilst the hepatocyte exudate had little effect on neurite regeneration, and polylysine had a detrimental effect. The data demonstrate that substrata can have a significant effect on maintenance and differentiation of adult neurones in primary culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PRZYSIEZNIAK, JAN, and ANDREW N. SPENCER. "Primary Culture of Identified Neurones from a Cnidarian." Journal of Experimental Biology 142, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.142.1.97.

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Several types of neurones were dissociated from the nerve-rings of the hydrozoan jellyfish Polyorchis penicillatus, using collagenase digestion preceded, and if necessary followed, by removal of external divalent cations. The neurones were cultured for up to 2 weeks in artificial sea water, on a mesogloeal substratum. One subset of large neurones, the swimming motor neurones (SMNs; soma approx. 20×50 μm), exhibited distinct morphological features in vitro, such as large size, wide processes, clear cytoplasm and membranous inclusions around the nucleus. These neurones retained their characteristic action potential shape in culture, with spikes measuring 50±11 mV (N=18) in peak amplitude and 37 ± 11 ms in duration. SMNs could be labelled in vivo with carboxyfluorescein or Lucifer Yellow, subsequently dissociated, and identified in vitro. Two subsets of small neurones were also identifiable. One exhibited electrophysiological similarities with B system neurones, known to be presynaptic to the SMNs in vivo, showing a burstlike pattern of spikes of short duration (5.4 ± 1.4 ms; N=6) and small amplitude (25 ± 7mV). Another subset of small neurones could be labelled with antiserum against the carboxy-terminal peptide moiety, Arg-Phe-amide. Biophysical and neurotransmitter studies at the level of the single identified hydrozoan neurone will be easier in isolated cell culture. This approach will avoid problems encountered in studying the semidissected nerve-ring preparation.
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GREEN, K. A., G. B. POWELL, and A. COTTRELL. "Unitary K+ Currents in Growth Cones and Perikaryon of Identified Helix Neurones in Culture." Journal of Experimental Biology 149, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149.1.79.

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Unitary potassium (K+) currents of several different conductances have been recorded from the growth cones of isolated Cl neurones from Helix aspersa. The isolated neurones were maintained in culture for up to 1 week. Similar unitary currents were recorded in the growth cones of other isolated Helix neurones. The activity of one type of unitary K+ current recorded from the growth cones of the Cl neurone and other neurones was very similar to that described for the S-channel of the perikarya of Aplysia sensory neurones. Another type of unitary K+ current showed fast flickering and reduced amplitude when the membrane was held at large positive potentials, which is suggestive of channel block by some agent. The conductances of the K+ channels in the growth cones of isolated Cl neurones were generally smaller than those recorded in this and in previous studies from the perikarya of Cl neurones in situ. However, unitary K+ currents recorded from the perikaryon of the Cl neurone, and from other identified neurones, in culture also had lower conductances than those recorded in situ. The mean resting potential of the isolated neurones was smaller than those from neurones in situ. This and other results suggested that reduced intracellular K+ concentration in the isolated neurones might be an important factor in deciding the conductance of the recorded channels.
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Chiquet, M., and J. G. Nicholls. "Neurite outgrowth and synapse formation by identified leech neurones in culture." Journal of Experimental Biology 132, no. 1 (September 1, 1987): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.132.1.191.

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After injury, neurones in the central nervous system (CNS) of the leech regenerate with a high degree of specificity. The aim of our experiments has been to study the sequential steps involved in neurite growth and synapse formation using isolated identified neurones in culture. An important requirement for sprouting of leech neurones is the substrate. Neurites grow only slowly and sparsely on polylysine or vertebrate laminin. The extracellular matrix of leech ganglion capsules contains a protease-sensitive factor which can be extracted with urea. With this material as substrate, growth proceeds rapidly in defined medium. Another neurite-promoting substrate is provided by the plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A). The activity of Con A, but not of the capsule matrix factor, is blocked by the Con A-specific hapten methyl alpha-D-mannoside. The morphology and branching pattern of the neurites in culture depend on the specific substrate and on the type of neurone. During stimulation, less Ca2+ uptake occurs into growth cones than in cell bodies. The mechanism of neurite growth seems not to depend on activity-mediated Ca2+ influx or on interactions between neuronal cell surfaces. However, even without profuse outgrowth, electrical and chemical synapses develop between neighbouring neurones. The type of synapse depends predictably on the types of neurones within the cell pair. Since the development of a synapse can be followed with time in culture, the sequential events can each be studied separately for this multi-step process.
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Newland, N. L., P. J. S. Smith, and E. A. Howes. "REGENERATING ADULT COCKROACH DORSAL UNPAIRED MEDIAN NEURONES IN VITRO RETAIN THEIR IN VIVO MEMBRANE CHARACTERISTICS." Journal of Experimental Biology 179, no. 1 (June 1, 1993): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.179.1.323.

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The ability of differentiated neurones to recover from disease or injury depends upon both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Whereas most mammalian neurones have a limited capacity for regeneration, regulated, in part, by physical and chemical cues in the brain microenvironment (Bray et al. 1987; Caroni and Schwab, 1988, 1989), invertebrates, and in particular insects, exhibit a far greater capacity for repair of central neurones and circuits (Treherne et al. 1988). Studies of the cues that regulate the regenerative process are made easier by the use of individual, identified neurones, cultured under controlled conditions. Invertebrates are particularly useful in this regard; neurones from mature nervous systems of both annelids and molluscs have been grown successfully in culture and their growth can be influenced by changes in the culture conditions (Acklin and Nicholls, 1990; Dagan and Levitan, 1981; Ready and Nicholls, 1979; Syed et al. 1990). Routine and long-term culture of identified neurones from the insect central nervous system (CNS) has proved more elusive, preventing the use of neurones from these well-studied systems. Recently, however, cultures of cockroach (Howes et al. 1991), locust (Kirchoff and Bicker, 1992) and moth (Hayashi and Levine, 1992) adult neurones have been described.
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Duprat, Anne-Marie, Paulette Kan, Françoise Foulquier, and Michel Weber. "In vitro differentiation of neuronal precursor cells from amphibian late gastrulae: morphological, immunocytochemical studies, biosynthesis, accumulation and uptake of neurotransmitters." Development 86, no. 1 (April 1, 1985): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.86.1.71.

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Neuronal differentiation has been studied in dissociated cell cultures from early neurulae of Pleurodeles waltl and Ambystoma mexicanum. Cocultures were prepared from the neural primordium and underlying chordamesoderm. NP and NF cultures were prepared from isolated neural plate and neural folds, respectively. Neuronal precursors in NP and NF cultures had distinctive aggregation properties already evident after 1–2 days in culture. After 10–15 days, mature neurones and synapses were observed by electron microscopy in the three culture types. The expression of neurofilament polypeptides and tetanus-toxin-binding sites was also present in these cultures. A small percentage of neurones contained cytochemically detectable catecholamine. Many neurones took up tritiated dopamine with a high affinity. Quantitative measurement of [3H]acetylcholine synthesis and storage from [3H]choline were negative at the early neurula stage and in 5 to 15-day-old NF cultures, and remained low in 5 to 15-day-old NP cultures. Acetylcholine production in cocultures increased linearly with time and was always much higher than in NP cultures. These results suggest that, at the early neurula stage, some neuronal precursors have acquired the capacity to express a high degree of morphological and biochemical differentiation even in the absence of further chordamesoderm influence. However, the chordamesodermal cells in the cultures increased acetylcholine synthesis.
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Fernaud-Espinosa, I., M. Nieto-Sampedro, and P. Bovolenta. "Differential effects of glycosaminoglycans on neurite outgrowth from hippocampal and thalamic neurones." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.6.1437.

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Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans are expressed in a temporally restricted pattern from embryonic day 17 to postnatal day 0 in both the thalamus and the cortical subplate, to which thalamic neurones transiently project. To study whether chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans could be specifically involved in the modulation of thalamic axon outgrowth, we compared neurite outgrowth from cultured rat embryonic hippocampal and thalamic neurones, in the presence of chondroitin sulphate type C (isolated from shark cartilage) and chondroitin sulphate type B (dermatan sulphate; isolated from bovine mucosa). When added to the culture medium, both types of glycosaminoglycan lowered the adhesion to laminin and polylysine of both hippocampal and thalamic neurones. However, only chondroitin sulphate specifically modified the pattern of thalamic but not hippocampal neurone outgrowth, promoting axon growth. The morphological changes induced by chondroitin sulphate were concentration dependent and correlated with the selective binding of chondroitin sulphate to the neuronal plasma membrane and its subsequent internalisation. Chondroitin sulphate loosely bound to the surface of hippocampal neurones, but was not internalised. These results indicate that proteoglycans, and in particular the glycosaminoglycan component of these molecules, can differentially modulate neurite outgrowth, depending on their biochemical composition and on the type of neurones they bind to; this would be a possible mechanism of controlling axon guidance in vivo.
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Clarke, M. J. O., and G. E. Gillies. "Comparison of peptide release from fetal rat hypothalamic neurones cultured in defined media and serum-containing media." Journal of Endocrinology 116, no. 3 (March 1988): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1160349.

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ABSTRACT Primary cultures of rat hypothalamic neurones were maintained either in a serum-supplemented medium or in a serum-free chemically defined medium for up to 6 weeks. The release of the 41 amino acid-containing peptide, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF-41), vasopressin (AVP) and somatostatin (SRIF) were followed using immunoassays. In response to K+ (56 mmol/l) depolarization both the quantities of peptides released and the magnitude of responses were significantly greater from cultures maintained in the fully supplemented defined medium. As a consequence, release of CRF-41 and AVP could be measured directly, without requiring the concentration step necessary for cultures grown in serum. The response to K+ depolarization increased with the age of the culture, suggesting neuronal maturation. Responses to K+ depolarization were Ca2+-dependent, and the addition of corticosterone (100 nmol/l) to the defined medium caused a significant reduction in the response of neurones secreting CRF-41 and AVP, but not those secreting SRIF, to depolarization. This suggests the retention in vitro of the responsiveness of stress-associated neuropeptides to the negative feedback effects of corticosterone. Neurones producing CRF-41 and AVP responded significantly in a dose-dependent manner to acetylcholine stimulation, whereas those producing SRIF did not. As cultures matured, the CRF-41- and AVP-producing neurones became more sensitive to acetylcholine with the maximal response at 1 nmol acetylcholine/1. In conclusion, the culture of rat hypothalamic neurones is improved in terms of peptide output when the cultures are maintained in a defined medium. Differential responses of the peptidergic neurones may be seen in the presence of corticosterone and neurotransmitters, illustrating the retention in vitro of specific receptor-mediated responses which have been observed in vivo. This model should prove useful in the further study of the physiological, pharmacological and biochemical maturation and control of peptidergic neurones. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 349–356
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NICHOLLS, J. G., Y. LIU, B. W. PAYTON, and D. P. KUFFLER. "The Specificity of Synapse Formation by identified Leech Neurones in culture." Journal of Experimental Biology 153, no. 1 (October 1, 1990): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.153.1.141.

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The physiological and fine structural events accompanying synapse formation have been followed while identified neurones of known function make contact in tissue culture. Particular pairs of identified neurones isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) of the leech form chemical synapses; other pairs of cells form nonrectifying electrical junctions, rectifying electrical junctions, mixed chemical and electrical synapses or no synapses at all, depending upon the partners that have been paired. Moreover, certain specific regions on the cell surface (such as the soma, initial cell segment or axon tips) preferentially develop chemical or electrical synapses. Of particular interest are the large, serotonergic Retzius cells that form mixed chemical and electrical synapses in culture, as in the animal. When these cells are juxtaposed at their initial segments, it has been shown that chemical synapses can develop reliably within 6h of contact in culture. Shortly after transmission can be detected physiologically, the principal features of synaptic structure are evident. The physiological and morphological characteristics resemble those of mature synapses studied within the central nervous system. Only at later times, after the chemical synapses have been formed, do electrical connections appear. By contrast, when other specialized regions of the Retzius cells are apposed (the tips of their axons), electrical synapses appear earlier. By comparing the connections that different types of serotonergic neurones make in culture we have been able to assess the role played by the transmitter in determining specificity: the results show that the transmitter does not determine what type of synapse is made on a particular partner. For example, Retzius cells make purely chemical synapses upon the sensory P neurone in culture; other serotonergic neurones (known as DL and VL) make purely electrical connections on this same pressure sensory neurone. Together, these results demonstrate that highly specific cell-cell recognition is a necessary feature of synapse formation after neurones have grown to their appropriate destinations.
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Atterwill, Christopher K., Wendy J. Davies, and Michael A. Kyriakides. "An Investigation of Aluminium Neurotoxicity using some In Vitro Systems." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 18, no. 1_part_1 (November 1990): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299001800119.1.

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It has been shown that acute exposure in vitro to high concentrations of aluminium chloride does not appear to perturb neural function in terms of the electrophysiological properties of lower vertebrate leech neurones. Longer term exposure in vitro, however, both non-specifically inhibits cellular differentiation and also produces neural cytotoxicity in the rat midbrain micromass, mixed cell culture model. Furthermore, previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated a reduction of cholinergic neuronal function in brain organotypic reaggregate cultures following long-term, but not short-term, exposure. More-immature neural cells appear to be most sensitive to the effects of aluminium. Relating these data to the tiered in vitro test system for neurotoxicants previously proposed by Atterwill (13), it is apparent that the neurotoxic effects of aluminium are detectable in a first-stage procedure using the micromass culture model, but not following acute exposure in freshly isolated, ex vivo leech neurones. Functional cholinergic toxicity was also detected in the organotypic reaggregate cultures proposed as a second level screen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Culture de neurones"

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Forbes, C. A. "Properties of central neurones and synapses in cell culture." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378280.

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Gillard, Samantha Ellen. "Voltage-dependent calcium channels of cerebellar neurones in culture." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268052.

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McCarthy, Peter William. "Actions of neuropeptides on mouse spinal neurones in culture." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14744.

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1] Spinal cords from mouse embryos were successfully prepared and maintained in primary dissociated cell culture, for periods in excess of 10 weeks. 2] Stable intracellular recordings were made from spinal neurones which had been sustained in these cultures. 3] Experiments were made on these spinal neurones using various amino acids and peptides. Solutions of these compounds were discretely applied by pressure ejection. 4] L-Glutamate, GABA and glycine evoked responses which appeared the same as those documented previously. 5] Ethylene-diamine did not evoke a response from the spinal neurones tested. 6] Only a small percentage of the spinal neurones responded to met5- and leu5 - enkephalin, FMRFamide, neurotensin and glycyl L-glutamine. Supplementing the cultures with tissue from other organs did not increase the percentage of spinal neurones which were capable of responding to peptide. 7] Met5 -enkephalin and leu5 -enkephalin each evoked responses from the spinal neurones. 8] The enkephalin-evoked depolarizations accompanied by an increased input resistance were apparently voltage dependent. These responses were abolished at potentials more negative than -90mV and did not invert under normal recording conditions. 9] The enkephalin-evoked depolarizations associated with a decreased input resistance had extrapolated inversion potentials of -20mV. No voltage dependence was seen. 10] Enkephalins also evoked responses which had an inversion potential close to the resting membrane potential. These were accompanied by a decreased input resistance and were not desensitized by prolonged application of peptide. 11] None of these responses showed obvious desensitization with prolonged application, however, they were all attenuated by naloxone. 12] Met5 -enkephalin was apparently more potent than leu5 -enkephalin on a small number of neurones. Furthermore, met5 -enkephalin application, during the weaker response from those neurones to leu5 -enkephalin, evoked a attenuated response. 13] FMRFamide evoked two responses from these spinal neurones. These responses were seen separately and mixed. In the latter case they were referred to as biphasic responses. 14] The depolarizing response to FMRFamide was accompanied by an increase in input resistance. Potassium had some involvement in these responses. 15] The FMRFamide responses which were accompanied by a decreased input resistance showed a great variety of inversion potentials between neurones. These actions were dependent upon sodium and chloride ions. 16] Enkephalin and FMRFamide, when applied separately to the same spinal neurone, did not evoke the same response. 17] Responses evoked by neurotensin were hyperpolarizations associated with a decreased input resistance. These responses were dependent upon potassium and independent of chloride ions. 18] Glycyl L-glutamine evoked two types of hyperpolarizing response from the spinal neurones. These could appear separately or combined. 19] The faster responses to glycyl L-glutamine were apparently dependent on potassium ions. 20] The slower responses to glycyl L-glutamine were apparently insensitive to changes in extracellular potassium or chloride. However, these responses were sensitive to intracellular injection of chloride ions. 21] At concentrations of peptide which evoked a response from other spinal neurones, none of the peptides produced any measurable modulation of amino acid-evoked responses.
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Robert, Fabienne. "Aspects ultrastructuraux et neurochimiques des astrocytes et des neurones en culture : influence des antibiotiques." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2034.

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Les cultures d'astrocytes et de neurones sont des modèles couramment utilisés pour l'étude des fonctions du système nerveux central. Le but du présent travail est la recherche de l'influence des conditions de culture sur les astrocytes et les neurones. L'étude ultrastructurale montre la présence de mitochondries difformes et de vésicules multilamellaires dans les cellules. Les antibiotiques utilisés en culture renforcent la présence des vésicules multilamellaires. L'utilisation de traceurs du système endolysosomal montre que ces vésicules sont d'origine lysosomale. Les antibiotiques modifient l'activité de plusieurs fonctions astrocytaires et altèrent l'intégrité membranaire. Par une étude de l'apoptose, nous observons que les antibiotiques ont un effet délétère sur les astrocytes et les neurones. Ces résultats montrent que la culture perturbe le système lysosomal des cellules étudiées. Les antibiotiques amplifient ces modifications et altèrent certaines fonctions cellulaires.
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Martin-Biran, Magali. "Etude par spectroscopie de RMN du métabolisme des neurones et des astrocytes en culture primaire." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28314.

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Dans la perspective de mieux comprendre les phénomènes de compartimentation cellulaire au sein du système nerveux central, nous avons choisi de définir les caractéristiques métaboliques des neurones et des astrocytes en culture primaire homogène. Le devenir métabolique du [1-13C]glucose dans les neurones et les astrocytes cérébelleux, de même que dans les astrocytes corticaux, a été caractérisé par spectroscopie de RMN. Les astrocytes, contrairement aux neurones, synthétisent la glutamine. La maturation des voies de biosynthèse de cet acide aminé est retardée dans les astrocytes cérébelleux par rapport aux astrocytes corticaux. La quantification des flux du catabolisme du glucose exogène a été réalisée. Ces résultats ont montré l'utilisation quasi-exclusive du glucose comme source de carbone par les neurones, alors que les astrocytes utilisent des sources plus diversifiées (glucose, acides aminés exogènes, sources endogènes de carbone). De même, l'activité de la voie de la pyruvate carboxylase est de faible importance dans les neurones, ce qui implique la nécessité d'un apport de carbone extérieur pour ces cellules. Cette étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence des composés synthétisés et libérés par les astrocytes dans le milieu extracellulaire, l'alanine et le citrate, susceptibles de servir de navettes de carbone et/ou d'azote, autres que la glutamine, entre les neurones et les astrocytes. Les données acquises par RMN du 31P ont révélé des charges énergétiques très similaires dans les neurones et les astrocytes cérébelleux, de même que dans le cervelet entier. Des différences concernant les composés liés au métabolisme des membranes ont pu être observées. Une étude du développement du cervelet de rat a été réalisée par RMN du 31P et du 1H, démontrant l'existence d'un contenu élevé en acétate dans le cervelet à la naissance. Celui-ci décroît lors des 1ers jours postnataux, alors que la concentration en NAA augmente
In order to investigate the cellular compartmentation of the central nervous system, we first defined the metabolic properties of neurons and astrocytes in homogenous primary culture. The metabolic fate of [1-13C]glucose in cerebellar neurons and astrocytes, as well as in cortical astrocytes, was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The astrocytes, contrary to neurons, synthesized glutamine. The maturation of the glutamine synthesis pathway was delayed in cerebellar astrocytes, as compared to cortical astrocytes. The fluxes involved in exogenous glucose utilization were quantified. The results demonstrated that if neurons used exclusively glucose as carbon source to fuel the Krebs cycle, the carbon sources for astrocytes were diversified (glucose, exogenous amino acids, endogenous carbon sources). In the same way, the pyruvate carboxylase activity was of minor importance in neurons, that implied the need for these cells of exogenous carbon substrates. We evidenced that alanine and citrate were also synthesized by astrocytes and exported to their extracellular medium. These metabolites may play a role as carbon and/or nitrogen shuttles betwen neurons and astrocytes. 31P NMR data showed similar energy charges in cerebellar neurons, astrocytes and in the cerebellum. Differences in the content of metabolites linked to membrane metabolism were observed. The postnatal development of the cerebellum was studied using 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A large content of acetate was evidenced at birth, that decreased during the first postnatal days whereas the NAA content increased
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Gaffuri, Anne-Lise. "Drosophila melanogaster, as a model system to study the cell biology of neuronal GPCRs." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T063.

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Le récepteur cannabinoique de type 1 (CB1R) est l’un des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G les plus abondants du cerveau mammifère. CB1R a longtemps été décrit comme un récepteur présynaptique régulant de manière rétrograde la transmission synaptique. Cependant, depuis les vingt dernières années, de nouveaux rôles ont été découverts et il est maintenant clairement admis que l’action des endocannabinoides (eCBs) ne se limite pas à la régulationde la neurotransmission au niveau de synapses adultes déjà établies. En effet, les eCBs et le CB1R sont des acteurs majeurs de l’ensemble des phases du développement cérébral. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués n’ont toujours pas été identifiés. Les mécanismes cellulaires auxquels nous nous intéressons ne dépendant pas de l’environnement cellulaire, nous proposons donc de combiner la puissance génétique du modèle drosophile à l’accessibilité et la haute résolution offerte par la culture primaire de neurones. De plus, le récepteur CB1 ne possédant pas d’orthologue parmi les invertébrés, ce système offre la possibilité d’étudier la biologie du récepteur en s’affranchissant de la machinerie endocannabinoide. Cependant, actuellement, aucun protocole de culture primaire de neurones de drosophile ne permet d’obtenir des cellules hautement différenciées et polarisées à basse densité. Ainsi, nous avons tout d’abord développé, optimisé et validé un nouveau protocole permettant de d’obtenir des neurones fonctionnels, hautement différenciés et polarisés en culture de basse densité. Dans un second temps, nous avons démontré que l’activation durécepteur CB1, exprimé ectopiquement dans les neurones de drosophile, entrainait son internalisation, de manière identique à ce qui avait déjà été observé chez les mammifères. Puis, nous avons étudié l’effet de l’expression et de l’activation ectopique de CB1R sur le développement neuronal chez la drosophile. Ainsi, nous avons démontré que l’activation du récepteur module directement la dendritogénèse. Afin de compléter la caractérisation de notremodèle, nous avons démontré que l’activation transitoire du récepteur dans les corps pédonculés (le centre de la mémoire olfactive chez la drosophile) altérait spécifiquement la formation d’une forme consolidée de mémoire après un conditionnement aversif. En conclusion, la validation du modèle drosophile dans l’étude de la biologie cellulaire durécepteur CB1 ouvre de nouvelles perspectives quant à la détermination des mécanismes moléculaires régissant l’action du récepteur sur le fonctionnement neuronal
The type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), the neuronal receptor for the major psychoactive substance of marijuana, is one, of the most abundant G-protein coupled receptors in the mammalian central nervous system. CB1R is traditionally described as a presynaptic receptor that retrogradely regulates synaptic transmission. In addition to this now relatively wellcharacterized function, in the last two decades it has become widely recognized that endocannabinoid (eCB) actions in the brain are not limited to the regulation of neurotransmission at established adult synapses. Indeed, eCB and CB1R are now recognized to be involved in brain development at the synaptic, neuronal and network levels. However, precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain poorly described. Since cellular mechanisms that mediate CB1R-activition dependent neuronal remodeling and subneuronal targeting have been demonstrated to be cell-autonomous, we aimed to combine the power of Drosophila genetics with the experimental accessibility and single-cell resolution of lowdensity primary neuronal cultures, a tool currently lacking in Drosophila. Moreover, becauseDrosophila does not have a CB1R ortholog, CB1R cell biology may be observed independently from eCB machinery. Thus, we first developed and validated an in vitro culture protocol that yields mature and fully differentiated Drosophila neurons. Secondly, we showed that activation-dependent endocytosis of ectopically expressed CB1R is conserved in Drosophila neurons. Next, we investigated whether ectopic expression and activation of CB1R in Drosophila modulate neuronal development. As observed in mammals, we observed that activation of CB1R impairs dendritogenesis in a cell-autonomous manner. For further characterization of our model, we showed that, as with mammals, transient ectopic CB1R expression and activation in mushroom body neurons (the center of olfactory memory in Drosophila) modulate the formation of a consolidated form of aversive memory. In conclusion, the validation of this new animal model opens new perspectives to better characterize mechanisms underlying modulation of neuronal functions induced by CB1Ractivity
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Raynaud, Brigitte. "Aspects moléculaires de la plasticité phénotypique de neurones sympathiques en culture." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376092185.

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MARTINOU, AMAT ISABELLE. "Etude immunocytochimique de la plasticite phenotypique de neurones sympathiques en culture." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31175.

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Catone, Christelle. "Effets morphogènes et trophique de l'acetylcholine sur les motoneurones embryonnaires de rat en culture." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22153.

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Langui, Dominique. "Effets des neurones sur le developpement des cellules gliales en culture primaire." Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13182.

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Books on the topic "Culture de neurones"

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Amini, Shohreh, and Martyn K. White, eds. Neuronal Cell Culture. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-640-5.

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Amini, Shohreh, and Martyn K. White, eds. Neuronal Cell Culture. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1437-2.

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Grounding sociality: Neurons, mind, and culture. New York: Psychology Press, 2011.

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Amini, Shohreh, and Martyn K. White. Neuronal cell culture: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana Press, 2013.

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Saint hysteria: Neurosis, mysticism, and gender in European culture. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1996.

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Bartlett, Mary Claire. Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate currents in cultured hippocampal neurones by protein kinase C. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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Pietikäinen, Petteri. Neurosis and modernity: The age of nervousness in Sweden. Leiden: Brill, 2007.

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Kassiri, Kamrouz. Adenosine promotes the survival of adult and aged pyramidal neurons in cultured hippocampal slices. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

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Protocols for neural cell culture. 4th ed. New York: Humana Press, 2010.

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The atomized body: The cultural life of stem cells, genes and neurons. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Culture de neurones"

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Quenet, B., J. M. Devaud, J. Gascuel, and C. Masson. "Is a Classification of Honeybee Antennal Lobe Neurones Grown in Culture Possible ? - Yes!" In The Neurobiology of Computation, 123–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2235-5_20.

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Taylor, Alison, Isabel Bermudez, and David J. Beadle. "Pharmacology of the GABA receptor of insect central neurones in culture: A patch-clamp study." In Comparative Molecular Neurobiology, 146–71. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7265-2_7.

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Peters, J. A., H. M. Malone, and J. J. Lambert. "Characterization of 5HT3 Receptor Mediated Electrical Responses in Nodose Ganglion Neurones and Clonal Neuroblastoma Cells Maintained in Culture." In Serotonin: Molecular Biology, Receptors and Functional Effects, 84–94. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7259-1_8.

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Gordon, Jennifer, Shohreh Amini, and Martyn K. White. "General Overview of Neuronal Cell Culture." In Neuronal Cell Culture, 1–8. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-640-5_1.

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Struckhoff, Amanda Parker, and Luis Del Valle. "Neurospheres and Glial Cell Cultures: Immunocytochemistry for Cell Phenotyping." In Neuronal Cell Culture, 119–32. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-640-5_10.

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Sariyer, Ilker Kudret. "Transfection of Neuronal Cultures." In Neuronal Cell Culture, 133–39. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-640-5_11.

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Wollebo, Hassen S., Baheru Woldemichaele, and Martyn K. White. "Lentiviral Transduction of Neuronal Cells." In Neuronal Cell Culture, 141–46. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-640-5_12.

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Darbinyan, Armine, Paul Pozniak, Nune Darbinian, Martyn K. White, and Kamel Khalili. "Compartmentalized Neuronal Cultures." In Neuronal Cell Culture, 147–52. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-640-5_13.

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Smith, George M., Yingpeng Liu, and Jee W. Hong. "Quantitative Assessment of Neurite Outgrowth Over Growth Promoting or Inhibitory Substrates." In Neuronal Cell Culture, 153–61. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-640-5_14.

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Kovalevich, Jane, and Dianne Langford. "Considerations for the Use of SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells in Neurobiology." In Neuronal Cell Culture, 9–21. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-640-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Culture de neurones"

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Cao, Guoxin, You Zhou, Jeong Soon Lee, Jung Yul Lim, and Namas Chandra. "Mechanical Model of Neuronal Function Loss." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39447.

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The mechanism of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is directly related to the relationship between the mechanical response of neurons and their biological/chemical functions since the neuron is the main functional component of brain.1 The hypotheses is that the external mechanical load will firstly cause the mechanical deformation of neurons, and then, when the mechanical deformation of neurons reaches to a critical point (the mechanical deformation threshold), it will initiate the chemical/biological response (e.g. neuronal function loss). Therefore, defining and measuring the mechanical deformation threshold for the neuronal cell injury is an important first step to understand the mechanism of mTBI. Typically, the mechanical response of neurons is investigated based on the deformation of in vitro model, in which the neurons are cultured on the elastic substrate (e.g. PDMS membranes). The elastic membrane is deformed by the external load, e.g. equibiaxial stretching. The substrate deformation is considered to be the deformation of neurons since the substrate is several orders stiffer than the neurons and the neurons are perfectly bonded with the substrate. The fluoresce method is typically used to test the cell injury, e.g. the cell vitality and the neuron internal ROS level.1, 2
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Bernick, Kristin B., and Simona Socrate. "Substrate Dependence of Mechanical Response of Neurons and Astrocytes." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53538.

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The response of neural cells to mechanical cues is a critical component of the innate neuroprotective cascade aimed at minimizing the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Reactive gliosis and the formation of glial scars around the lesion site are among the processes triggered by TBI where mechanical stimuli play a central role. It is well established that the mechanical properties of the microenvironment influence phenotype and morphology in most cell types. It has been shown that astrocytes change morphology [1] and cytoskeletal content [2] when grown on substrates of varying stiffness, and that mechanically injured astrocyte cultures show alterations in cell stiffness [3]. Accurate estimates of the mechanical properties of central nervous system (CNS) cells in their in-vivo conditions are needed to develop multiscale models of TBI. Lu et al found astrocytes to be softer than neurons under small deformations [4]. In recent studies, we investigated the response of neurons to large strains and at different loading rates in order to develop single cell models capable of simulating cell deformations in regimes relevant for TBI conditions [5]. However, these studies have been conducted on cells cultured on hard substrates, and the measured cell properties might differ from their in-vivo counterparts due to the aforementioned effects. Here, in order to investigate the effects of substrate stiffness on the cell mechanical properties, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal imaging techniques to characterize the response of primary neurons and astrocytes cultured on polyacrylamide (PAA) gels of varying composition. The use of artificial gels minimizes confounding effects associated with biopolymer gels (both protein-based and polysaccharide-based) where specific receptor bindings may trigger additional biochemical responses [1].
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Kawana, Akio. "Dynamics of cultured neuronal networks." In Stochastic dynamics and pattern formation in biological systems. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59939.

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Lin, Yunsheng, Lin Chen, Shaoqun Zeng, and Qingming Luo. "Synchronies in cultured neuronal network." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Qingming Luo, Lihong V. Wang, Valery V. Tuchin, and Min Gu. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.741466.

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Dastgheyb, R. M., G. Gallo, and K. A. Barbee. "Quantification of beading intensity in cultured neurons." In 2011 37th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2011.5778566.

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Gurel, Tayfun, Ulrich Egert, Steffen Kandler, Luc De Raedt, and Stefan Rotter. "Predicting Spike Activity in Neuronal Cultures." In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2007.4371428.

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Ahluwalia, Arti, Ines Mauricio, Alberto Mazzoldi, Giorgio Serra, and Francesca Bianchi. "Conducting polymer as smart interfaces for cultured neurons." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.593732.

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Jiang, Frank X., Yangzhou Du, Uday Chippada, Lulu Li, Bonnie L. Firestein, Bernard Yurke, David I. Shreiber, Rene S. Schloss, and Noshir A. Langrana. "Neurite Elongation and Branching on DNA Crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176153.

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Mechanical cues have been found to play an important role in the cell decision making process, as manifested in survival, adhesion, growth, proliferation, differentiation and functioning. Due to their resemblance to the natural tissues, polyacrylamide hydrogels have been used in the studies of mechanobiology and particularly cell-substrate interactions for various cell types including fibroblasts, hepatocytes and neurons [1]. As the initial investigation, we have successfully cultured rat spinal cord neurons on bis-crosslinked gels with large range of stiffnesses [2].
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Lama, Nikesh, Alan Hargreaves, Bob Stevens, and TM McGinnity. "Spike Train Synchrony Analysis of Neuronal Cultures." In 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489728.

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Lin, Yunsheng, Lin Chen, Wei Zhou, Shaoqun Zeng, and Qingming Luo. "Analysis of synchrony in cultured neuronal network." In Biomedical Optics 2006, edited by Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.647187.

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Reports on the topic "Culture de neurones"

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Bergey, Gregory K. Mechanisms of Action of Clostridial Neurotoxins on Dissociated Mouse Spinal Cord Neurons in Cell Culture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244092.

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Lam, D., H. Enright, and N. Fischer. Probing function in 3D neuronal cultures: a survey of 3D multielectrode array advances. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1812566.

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