Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Culture de neurones'
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Forbes, C. A. "Properties of central neurones and synapses in cell culture." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378280.
Full textGillard, Samantha Ellen. "Voltage-dependent calcium channels of cerebellar neurones in culture." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268052.
Full textMcCarthy, Peter William. "Actions of neuropeptides on mouse spinal neurones in culture." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14744.
Full textRobert, Fabienne. "Aspects ultrastructuraux et neurochimiques des astrocytes et des neurones en culture : influence des antibiotiques." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2034.
Full textMartin-Biran, Magali. "Etude par spectroscopie de RMN du métabolisme des neurones et des astrocytes en culture primaire." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28314.
Full textIn order to investigate the cellular compartmentation of the central nervous system, we first defined the metabolic properties of neurons and astrocytes in homogenous primary culture. The metabolic fate of [1-13C]glucose in cerebellar neurons and astrocytes, as well as in cortical astrocytes, was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The astrocytes, contrary to neurons, synthesized glutamine. The maturation of the glutamine synthesis pathway was delayed in cerebellar astrocytes, as compared to cortical astrocytes. The fluxes involved in exogenous glucose utilization were quantified. The results demonstrated that if neurons used exclusively glucose as carbon source to fuel the Krebs cycle, the carbon sources for astrocytes were diversified (glucose, exogenous amino acids, endogenous carbon sources). In the same way, the pyruvate carboxylase activity was of minor importance in neurons, that implied the need for these cells of exogenous carbon substrates. We evidenced that alanine and citrate were also synthesized by astrocytes and exported to their extracellular medium. These metabolites may play a role as carbon and/or nitrogen shuttles betwen neurons and astrocytes. 31P NMR data showed similar energy charges in cerebellar neurons, astrocytes and in the cerebellum. Differences in the content of metabolites linked to membrane metabolism were observed. The postnatal development of the cerebellum was studied using 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A large content of acetate was evidenced at birth, that decreased during the first postnatal days whereas the NAA content increased
Gaffuri, Anne-Lise. "Drosophila melanogaster, as a model system to study the cell biology of neuronal GPCRs." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T063.
Full textThe type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), the neuronal receptor for the major psychoactive substance of marijuana, is one, of the most abundant G-protein coupled receptors in the mammalian central nervous system. CB1R is traditionally described as a presynaptic receptor that retrogradely regulates synaptic transmission. In addition to this now relatively wellcharacterized function, in the last two decades it has become widely recognized that endocannabinoid (eCB) actions in the brain are not limited to the regulation of neurotransmission at established adult synapses. Indeed, eCB and CB1R are now recognized to be involved in brain development at the synaptic, neuronal and network levels. However, precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain poorly described. Since cellular mechanisms that mediate CB1R-activition dependent neuronal remodeling and subneuronal targeting have been demonstrated to be cell-autonomous, we aimed to combine the power of Drosophila genetics with the experimental accessibility and single-cell resolution of lowdensity primary neuronal cultures, a tool currently lacking in Drosophila. Moreover, becauseDrosophila does not have a CB1R ortholog, CB1R cell biology may be observed independently from eCB machinery. Thus, we first developed and validated an in vitro culture protocol that yields mature and fully differentiated Drosophila neurons. Secondly, we showed that activation-dependent endocytosis of ectopically expressed CB1R is conserved in Drosophila neurons. Next, we investigated whether ectopic expression and activation of CB1R in Drosophila modulate neuronal development. As observed in mammals, we observed that activation of CB1R impairs dendritogenesis in a cell-autonomous manner. For further characterization of our model, we showed that, as with mammals, transient ectopic CB1R expression and activation in mushroom body neurons (the center of olfactory memory in Drosophila) modulate the formation of a consolidated form of aversive memory. In conclusion, the validation of this new animal model opens new perspectives to better characterize mechanisms underlying modulation of neuronal functions induced by CB1Ractivity
Raynaud, Brigitte. "Aspects moléculaires de la plasticité phénotypique de neurones sympathiques en culture." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376092185.
Full textMARTINOU, AMAT ISABELLE. "Etude immunocytochimique de la plasticite phenotypique de neurones sympathiques en culture." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31175.
Full textCatone, Christelle. "Effets morphogènes et trophique de l'acetylcholine sur les motoneurones embryonnaires de rat en culture." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22153.
Full textLangui, Dominique. "Effets des neurones sur le developpement des cellules gliales en culture primaire." Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13182.
Full textPlachez, Céline. "Etude des transporteurs du glutamate au cours du développement "in vitro" des neurones hippocampiques." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20002.
Full textChateau, Yannick. "Co-culture compartimentée de cellules épidermiques et cellules nerveuses : modèle d'étude des interactions neuro-cutanées." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES3108.
Full textThe skin through its innervation is the support of the fifth sense : the touch. Exogenous stimuli are recognized at the nerve endings which represent avaried population of cutaneous receptors. Cellular bodies of those nerve endings are located in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and connected at spinal cord by neurites The principal challenge to carry out a model for in vitro studies of the neuro-cutaneous interactions lies in the reproduction orme physiological continuation previously described (skin, neurons 0f the DRG, sensitive neurons of the spinal cord) and in the reconstruction of connections between epidermal cells and neurites of the pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons. This model must integrate in the same space all these components and allow the instatlation of connections between nervous cells and epidermal cells. This feature was not realised before with other “skin equivalent”. We have performed a model, integrating nervous cells (pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons, cells of the spinal cord and glial cells) and epidermal cells (keratinocytes, melanocytes and Merkel cells). We obtained a specifically directed growth of neurites, connections, synapse-like formation with both keratinocytes and Merkel cells. This co-culture allowed the survival of Merkel cells and the recording of an activity of the pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons. The originality of this model is thus to propose an in vitro co-culture of nervous oeIls md epidermal cells allowing their connections. These results open large perspectives from fundamental research to applied research in dermatology, as an alternative to the animal experimentation
Wyart, Claire. "Dynamique de l'activité spontanée dans des réseaux de neurones hippocampiques d'architecture contrôlée en culture." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/WYART_Claire_2003.pdf.
Full textPointu, David. "Films multicouches de polyélectrolytes : Une nouvelle interface biocompatible pour la croissance de neurones." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13160.
Full textWe report the development of new bioactive coatings, based on the alternate physical adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, for survival, adhesion and outgrowth of nerve cells. Various substrates built with various polyelectrolytes adsorbed on glass substrats were used to test the effect of surface chemistry on dissociated cultures of purified rat embryonic spinal motoneurons. A complete statistical morphological studie was carried out. We found that survival and morphological properties are the best, even compared to classical substrates coated with polylysine and laminin, when polycations with an amine group are used. The polyelectrolytes increase the number of the neuritic process and decrease somewhat their length. We also investigate the effect of roughness and find that it increases significantly the length of neuritic process. We find that interaction between surface and the medium in which the neurons are is also a key parameter and influence the behaviour of the nerve cells. On the other hand, we fabricate composite multilayers films of charged dendritic macromolecules (dendrimer) and polyelectrolytes. Phosphorus-containing dendrimers of 4th generation with tri or hexafunctional core and with ammonium groups on surface and polystyrenesulfonate have been used as building units. Characterization are carried out by UV/Vis, ellipsometry and X-ray reflectivity. All dendrimers are observed to form homogeneous, stable layers on a silicon surface. The average thickness of a molecular layer varies with structure and ionic strength and is much smaller than the diameter of ideal spherical dendritic macromolecules. The model of molecular ordering dendrimer films assumes compressed dendrimers of oblate shape with the axial ratio in the range from 1:2 to 1:7. The structure of the formed films do not allow penetration of solvent. We also demonstrate that dendrimers can act as host for small organic molecules embedded in their internal cavities
Launey, Thomas. "Propriétés des récepteurs aux acides aminés excitateurs exprimés par les motoneurones crâniens de rat, en culture organotypique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11027.
Full textHernández, Navarro Lluís. "Theoretical and experimental approaches for the initiation and propagation of activity in spatially embedded neuronal cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565905.
Full textL'objectiu d'aquesta tesis és investigar els mecanismes que generen l'activitat espontània i estimulada en xarxes neuronals, més concretament en cultius corticals dissociats, i fent un especial èmfasi en l’efecte de les correlacions mètriques. En aquest marc, l’activitat col·lectiva consisteix en episodis esporàdics de dispars quasi sincronitzats entre totes les neurones del cultiu, anomenats “esclats de xarxa”. Tres elements principals en determinen les característiques: connectivitat entre neurones, dinàmica intrínseca neuronal, i soroll (activacions neuronals aleatòries). La investigació s’ha centrat en cinc línies de recerca: l’estudi de correlacions mètriques en cultius neuronals; el desenvolupament d’un model teòric per descriure i predir l’esclat de xarxa; l’anàlisi de la propagació dels fronts d’activitat experimentals sota pertorbacions estructurals de la connectivitat del cultiu; l’estudi de l’efecte de la inhibició en la iniciació i propagació dels esclats ‘in vitro’; i l’estudi de la resposta experimental dels cultius sota una estimulació elèctrica moderada de baixa freqüència. En la primera línia de recerca hem comprovat que les correlacions mètriques dominen el comportament dinàmic del cultiu, fins al punt d’emmascarar la contribució de la distribució del nombre de connexions. En la segona línia hem desenvolupat un model analític que prediu semi- quantitativament la freqüència dels esclats observada experimentalment. La tercera línia s’ha centrat en l’efecte de pertorbacions estructurals en la connectivitat; la dinàmica resultant ha mostrat una gran riquesa en patrons d’activitat, esclats de xarxa a diferents escales, i propagació altament específica de cada cultiu. La quarta línia de recerca ha demostrat que les xarxes sense inhibició disminueixen la seva freqüència d’esclat respecte a les xarxes control, que la velocitat de propagació de l’activitat incrementa lleugerament quan s’ha bloquejat la inhibició, i que els punts on s’inicien ens esclats varien respecte als controls. I, finalment, la cinquena línia de recerca ha constatat que l’aplicació d’un camp elèctric feble augmenta el soroll d’activitat de la xarxa, generant un increment en la freqüència dels esclats de xarxa.
Smith, S. M. "The properties of agonist-activated chloride channels on rat spinal neurones in cell culture." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379367.
Full textEustache, Isabelle. "Le développement morphologique et fonctionnel des motoneurones craniens d'embryons de rat en culture organotypique avec co-culture musculaire : interactions morphologiques et fonctionnelles." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30084.
Full textGómez, Orlandi Javier. "Noise, coherent activity and network structure in neuronal cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/346925.
Full textTibau, Martorell Elisenda. "Linear and nonlinear approaches to unravel dynamics and connectivity in neuronal cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460683.
Full textL’habilitat dels teixits neuronals de processar i transmetre informació de forma eficient depèn de les propietats dinàmiques intrínseques de les neurones i de la connectivitat entre elles. La present tesi proposa explorar diferents tècniques experimentals i de simulació per analitzar la dinàmica i connectivitat de xarxes neuronals corticals de rata embrionària. Experimentalment, la gravació de l’activitat espontània d’una població de neurones en cultiu, mitjançant una càmera ràpida i tècniques de fluorescència, possibilita el seguiment de forma controlada de l’activitat individual de cada neurona, així com la modificació de la seva connectivitat. En conjunt, aquestes eines permeten estudiar el comportament col.lectiu emergent de la població neuronal. Amb l’objectiu de simular els patrons observats en el laboratori, hem implementat un model mètric aleatori de creixement neuronal per simular la xarxa física de connexions entre neurones, i un model quadràtic d’integració i dispar amb adaptació i depressió per modelar l’ampli espectre de dinàmiques neuronals amb un cost computacional reduït. Hem caracteritzat la dinàmica global i individual de les neurones i l’hem correlacionat amb la seva estructura subjacent mitjançant tècniques lineals i no–lineals de series temporals. L’anàlisi espectral ens ha possibilitat la descripció del desenvolupament i els canvis en connectivitat en els cultius, així com la diferenciació entre cultius sans dels patolo`gics. La reconstrucció de la dinàmica subjacent mitjançant mètodes d’incrustació i l’ús de gràfics de recurrència ens ha permès detectar diferents transicions dinàmiques amb el corresponent guany o pèrdua de la complexitat i riquesa dinàmica del cultiu durant els diferents estudis experimentals. Finalment, a fi de reconstruir la connectivitat interna hem testejat, mitjançant simulacions, diferents quantificadors per mesurar la dependència estadística entre neurona i neurona, seleccionant finalment el mètode de transferència d’entropia gereralitzada. Seguidament, hem procedit a caracteritzar les xarxes amb diferents paràmetres. Malgrat presentar certs tres de xarxes tipus ‘petit món’, els nostres cultius mostren una distribució de grau ‘exponencial’ o ‘esbiaixada’ per, respectivament, cultius joves i madurs. Addicionalment, hem observat que les xarxes homogènies presenten la propietat de disassortativitat, mentre que xarxes amb un creixent nivell d’agregació espaial presenten assortativitat. Aquesta propietat impacta fortament en la transmissió, resistència i sincronització de la xarxa.
Cot, Christine. "Utilisation de cellules nerveuses foetales murines et humaines dans une perspective de thérapie génique." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20112.
Full textOillet, Jean. "Caractérisation d'un modèle d'étude de l'hypoxie sur les neurones centraux en culture : évaluation du rôle des radicaux libres et des acides aminés excitateurs." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN12152.
Full textSaias, Laure. "Laboratoires-sur-puce pour l'analyse cellulaire : tri de cellules tumorales circulantes et culture de neurones." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066684.
Full textLahaie, Collins Vicky. "Effet neuroprotecteur de la sésamine sur des neurones en culture en état de stress oxydant." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1333/1/030097292.pdf.
Full textTeller, Amado Sara. "Functional organization and networ resilience in self-organizing clustered neuronal cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396114.
Full textDesvelar la relación entre la red de conexiones anatómica y su emergente dinámica es uno de los grandes desafíos de la neurociencia actual. En este sentido, los cultivos neuronales han tomado un papel muy importante para entender esta cuestión, ya que fenomenologías fundamentales pueden ser estudiadas a escalas más tratables. Los cultivos neuronales se obtienen típicamente a base de disociar tejido neuronal de una parte específica del cerebro, corteza cerebral de rata en nuestro caso, y su cultivo en un medio adecuado. Neuronas en cultivo constituyen en 1-2 semanas una red nueva con una actividad espontánea rica. Una de las preparaciones in vitro que ofrece mayor potencial es las 'redes clusterizadas'. Estas redes se auto-organizan de forma natural, formando grupos de neuronas (clústeres) interconectados a través de axones. La caracterización de la dinámica de estas redes clusterizadas, así como su sensibilidad a perturbaciones, ha sido el objetivo principal de esta tesis. Así, hemos caracterizado la red funcional del cultivo a partir de su dinámica espontánea, desarrollando para ello un novedoso modelo fisicomatemático. Hemos observado que las redes tienen una conectividad modular, donde clústeres tienden a conectarse fuertemente en pequeños grupos, los cuales a su vez se conectan entre ellos. Además, las redes funcionales muestran propiedades topológicas clave, en especial asortatividad (interconexión preferente de clústeres con número similar de conexiones) y la existencia de un 'rich club' (grupo de clústeres con una interconectividad tan destacada que forman el núcleo fundamental de la red). Estas propiedades confieren una gran robustez y flexibilidad a la red. Por esta razón, en la tesis hemos investigado diferentes perturbaciones físicas y bioquímicas, demostrando que las redes clusterizadas son mucho más resistentes a daño que otras configuraciones, lo que refuerza la relación entre las propiedades topológicas descritas y resistencia al daño. Además, observamos que las redes presentaron diferentes mecanismos de reforzamiento entre conexiones para preservar la actividad de la red. Por ello, las redes clusterizadas constituyen una plataforma ideal para estudiar resistencia en redes o como sistema modelo aplicado a estudios de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, como por ejemplo Alzheimer.
Lakard, Sophie. "Culture et étude de neurones olfactifs sur des surfaces fonctionnalisées par des polymères aminés biocompatibles électrodéposés." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2031.
Full textDuring this study, we have first synthesized biocompatible polymers using electrochemistry in order to improve the adhesion and proliferation of neuronal cells. Thus, we have optimized the culture of mature olfactory neurons first on standard substrates, then on the electrodeposited polymers. We have also characterized these cells and study their structure and morphology. This study is original since extracellular matrix, such as collagen or laminin, are the most common used substrates contrary to electrodeposited polymers which are rarely used as culture substrate. The second part of this work combining electrochemistry and neurosciences consists in the elaboration of a biosensors destinated to recognize difrferent odours. Indeed, we want to elaborate a 'bio-nose' using a microsystem on which the polymer and the neurons can be fixed. Then, the neurons can grow on this microsystem and react to an olfactory stimulus by emitting an electronic and an ionic signal charasteristic of a particular odour
Bossenmeyer-Pourié, Carine. "Caractérisation des effets de l'hypoxie sur des neurones centraux en culture primaire : de l'activation du cycle cellulaire à l'apoptose." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN12007.
Full textUlmann, Lauriane. "Etude des interactions fonctionnelles entre neurones sensoriels des ganglions rachidiens et kératinocytes de l'épiderme : mise au point d'un modèle de coculture." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13213.
Full textA coculture model between sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion and keratinocytes of epidermis of newborn rats and corresponding cell lines has been developed. Each cell type has been characterized by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and calcium imagery. The coculture needs a specific medium for keratinocytes, with a low calcium concentration (MCDB 20). In this medium, axons of neurons cultivated without keratinocytes don't appear, but the axonal growth is observed when the calcium concentration is increased to 2 mM. The presence of keratinocytes (cocultures) allows an important neuritic extension similar to this observed in the 2 mM calcium medium. This observation suggests that the target cells release some trophic factors which induce the axonal growth. After determining the neuronal phenotype in coculture, we have looked for the molecules implied in the trophic effect. The addition of NGF, BDNF or DHEA induces an important axonal extension. The presence of Trk receptors and BDNF in neurons, the decrease of the axons gowth in coculture with the Trk or PBR blokers, or with the addition of the DHEA synthesis enzyme shows that neurotrophins and DHEA are imply in the trophic effect of keratinocytes. On the other hand, the physical contacts observed with electron microscopy don't show any specific morphological differentiation. This coculture system allows the study of the effects of target cells on the neuronal development, the nature of trophics factors and the transmission of the sensory signal since the periphery
Golly, Francis. "Métabolisme des phospholipides dans des neurones de poulet en culture primaire modifications induites par la CDP-choline." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375979665.
Full textBROUARD-CUVILLIEZ, ALINE. "Action de la neurotensine sur les neurones dopaminergiques embryonnaires de mesencephale de rat maintenus en culture primaire." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066067.
Full textGolly, Francis. "Metabolisme des phospholipides dans les neurones de poulet en culture primaire : modifications induites par la cdp-choline." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13149.
Full textDamjanac, Morel Milena. "Relation entre les voies de signalisation PKR et mTOR dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT1403.
Full textGarrido-Sanchez, Luis Edmundo. "Conception et mise en œuvre d'un système d'aide a la modélisation de procédés de fermentation utilisant un système expert et des réseaux de neurones." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL023N.
Full textLevasseur, Grégoire. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de récepteurs olfactifs de mammifères exprimés en lignées hétérologues : étude de l'effet de neuromodulateurs sur des cellules d'épithélium olfactif en culture primaire." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112314.
Full textOlfaction is dramatically influencing animal behaviour. Despite one century of thorough investigations main molecular actors of the olfactory perception, namely olfactory receptors, have only been identified for a decade. Even with this important discovery, molecular mechanisms underlying olfactory perception and signalisation still remain unclear. During this PhD thesis I've set up a heterologous expression system in eukaryote cell lines in order to characterise a response of receptors to odorants by a functional approach. The aim was to follow mechanisms of olfactory detection and signalisation and to allow the screening of olfactory receptor/odorant pairs. Two olfactory receptors, namely the i7 rat receptor (rORi7) and the 17-40 human receptor (hOR17-40), which already have known ligands (octanal and helional, respectively), have been used in the study. Three leading choice have been made. First, the expression system was chosen as providing a native receptor protein expression with no modification within the intrinsic open reading frame (ORF) of the receptor (which, in the particular case of OR is always free of introns), accepting solely the addition of detection tag sequence (no secretion or import tag) like the c-myc sequence. We thus hoped to limit the possibly interfering events in ligand detection or signalisation triggering. The comparative study as been carried out on mammalian cell lines usually considered as cellular factory (CHO, COS or HEK cells) and on a conditionally immortalized cell line (ODORA) that was derived from the olfactory neuron precursor lineage: globose basal cells. Least, to achieved functional characterisation, I have chosen to focus on the intracellular calcium which is the main second messenger implicated in the olfactory transduction signal. Measurements were achieved using spectrofluorimetric and imaging techniques both in real time. Beside this approach, the use of olfactory cells primary culture quickly appeared as an important tools to complete the studies in heterologous systems. Primary culture of olfactory neurons could allow to study olfactory receptors in their natural hosting cells but also to look for the action of neuromodulators on the olfactory signal transduction. That second point would then offer the possibility of studying the influence of the animal physiological state, including nutritional state, on the olfactory capacity. . .
Grignon, Sylvain. "La culture de neurones granulaires du cervelet comme modele d'etude de la pharmacologie cellulaire du lithium (doctorat : neurosciences)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX20657.
Full textCroce, Ariane. "Etude des régulations de l'activité neuronale par la noradrénaline dans les neurones hippocampiques de rat en culture primaire." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20062.
Full textParés-Herbuté, Nuria. "Mécanismes mis en jeu dans la libération de la somatostatine par les neurones de diencéphale et de cortex en culture primaire." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20192.
Full textCamu, William. "Facteurs trophiques et toxiques des motoneurones de rat embryonnaire en culture." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON1T028.
Full textCerruti, Catherine. "Etude, sur des neurones en culture primaire, du transporteur de la dopamine, au moyen d'un inhibiteur spécifique, la BTCP : pharmacologie, influence sur la maturation neuronale, neuroprotection." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20167.
Full textCouturier, Julien. "Rôle de la kinase PKR dans l'inflammation au cours de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT1401.
Full textChihab, Rifki. "Influence de la maturation cellulaire sur les conséquences d'une hypoxie transitoire dans les neurones centraux en culture : évaluation de la contribution de l'excitotoxicité et des facteurs de transcription." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0351_CHIHAB.pdf.
Full textLavergne, Pauline, and Pauline Lavergne. "Caractérisation des réponses de neurones corticaux de rat en culture suite à des stimulations glutamatergiques grâce à la microscopie holographique numérique : vers une mesure de la balance excitation/inhibition." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38153.
Full textDe nouvelles preuves suggèrent que les dysfonctionnements des circuits sous-jacents aux symptômes et aux déficits cognitifs des maladies psychiatriques pourraient être causés par une altération des paramètres d'équilibre d’excitation/inhibition (E/I). Cependant, les preuves physiologiques directes de cette hypothèse à partir de données électrophysiologiques et de neuro-imagerie non invasives sont jusqu'à présent rares. Pour apporter un soutien supplémentaire à l’hypothèse de l’équilibre E/I, la présente étude a appliqué une approche avancée de microscopie holographique numérique (MHN) pour examiner la dynamique des systèmes excitateurs/inhibiteurs suite à une stimulation glutamatergique dans des réseaux de neurones à différents stades de maturation neuronale. Cette approche fournissant une mesure approximative très précise des variations de mouvement de l’eau dans les cellules permet d’étudier certains processus physiologiques, tels que ceux reliés à l’activité neuronale. Cette étude a ainsi permis d’améliorer les connaissances sur la dynamique de la réponse neuronale induite par le glutamate, notamment en la caractérisant dans des cultures de neurones corticaux primaires de rats postnataux. L’activation des neurones engendrée par le glutamate, le principal neurotransmetteur excitateur, a révélé des changements plus ou moins persistants de la morphologie et des propriétés intracellulaires des neurones. De plus, les différentes réponses obtenues indiquent que le glutamate engendre des mécanismes d’activation et des processus de régulation du volume neuronal distincts d’un neurone à l’autre, probablement dépendant de l’état d’excitabilité de ce dernier qui résulte de l’interaction complexe des neurones inhibiteurs et excitateurs. Ainsi, la régulation de l’équilibre E/I de réseaux neuronaux pourrait potentiellement être reflétée par la proportion des différentes réponses de phase induites lors de stimulation de réseaux neuronaux au glutamate.
New evidences suggest that circuit dysfunctions underlying symptoms and cognitive deficits of psychiatric disorders may be caused by impaired excitation/inhibition equilibrium parameters (E/I). However, direct physiological evidences supporting this hypothesis from non-invasive electrophysiological and neuroimaging remain scarce. To provide additional support concerning the E/I balance hypothesis, this study uses an advanced digital holographic microscopy (DHM) approach to explore the dynamics of excitatory/inhibitory systems following glutamatergic stimulation in neural networks at different stages of neuronal maturation. This approach provides a very accurate approximate measurement of the water movement variations in cells allowing to study certain specific physiological processes, such as those related to neuronal activity. This study improves the knowledge regarding the dynamics of the glutamate-induced neuronal response, especially by characterizing it in cultures of primary cortical neurons of postnatal rats. The activation of neurons induced by glutamate, which is the main excitatory neurotransmitter, revealed more or less permanent changes in the morphology and intracellular properties of neurons. Moreover, the various responses obtained indicate that glutamate generates different neuronal activation mechanisms and neuronal volume regulation processes from a neuron to another, probably depending to the excitability state of the neuron that results from the complex interaction of inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Thus, the E/I balance regulation of neural networks could potentially be reflected by the proportion of different phase responses induced during glutamate neural network stimulation.
New evidences suggest that circuit dysfunctions underlying symptoms and cognitive deficits of psychiatric disorders may be caused by impaired excitation/inhibition equilibrium parameters (E/I). However, direct physiological evidences supporting this hypothesis from non-invasive electrophysiological and neuroimaging remain scarce. To provide additional support concerning the E/I balance hypothesis, this study uses an advanced digital holographic microscopy (DHM) approach to explore the dynamics of excitatory/inhibitory systems following glutamatergic stimulation in neural networks at different stages of neuronal maturation. This approach provides a very accurate approximate measurement of the water movement variations in cells allowing to study certain specific physiological processes, such as those related to neuronal activity. This study improves the knowledge regarding the dynamics of the glutamate-induced neuronal response, especially by characterizing it in cultures of primary cortical neurons of postnatal rats. The activation of neurons induced by glutamate, which is the main excitatory neurotransmitter, revealed more or less permanent changes in the morphology and intracellular properties of neurons. Moreover, the various responses obtained indicate that glutamate generates different neuronal activation mechanisms and neuronal volume regulation processes from a neuron to another, probably depending to the excitability state of the neuron that results from the complex interaction of inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Thus, the E/I balance regulation of neural networks could potentially be reflected by the proportion of different phase responses induced during glutamate neural network stimulation.
Šmít, Daniel. "Analysis of dynamical interactions of axon shafts and their biophysical modelling." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066095/document.
Full textWhile axon fasciculation plays a key role in the development of neural networks, very little is known about its dynamics and the underlying biophysical mechanisms. In a model system composed of neurons grown ex vivo from explants of embryonic mouse olfactory epithelia, we observed that axons dynamically interact with each other through their shafts, leading to zippering and unzippering behaviour that regulates their fasciculation. Taking advantage of this new preparation suitable for studying such interactions, we carried out a detailed biophysical analysis of zippering, occurring either spontaneously or induced by micromanipulations and pharmacological treatments.We show that there is a consistent mechanism which governs local interactions between axon shafts, supported by broad experimental evidence. This mechanism can be reconciled with changes in global structure of axonal network developing on slower time scale, analogically to well-studied relation between local relaxations, and topological changes and coarsening in two-dimensional liquid foams. We assess our observations and analysis in light of possible in vivo functional significance and propose a new role of mechanical tension in neural development: the regulation of axon fasciculation and consequently formation of neuronal topographic maps
LOUIS, JEAN-CLAUDE. "Mise au point, caracterisation et applications de cultures pures de neurones du systeme nerveux central." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13050.
Full textLaurent, Stéphanie. "Une approche de la discrimination olfactive : étude en "patch-clamp" des neurones sensoriels olfactifs de l'abeille." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066427.
Full textFerret, Blandine. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle des gangliosides dans l'activité fonctionnelle du neurone effets des gangliosides exogènes sur certains paramètres morphologiques et biochimiques des neurones de poulet en culture primaire /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605084f.
Full textFerret, Blandine. "Contribution a l'etude du role des gangliosides dans l'activite fonctionnelle du neurone : effets des gangliosides exogenes sur certains parametres morphologiques et biochimiques des neurones de poulet en culture primaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13009.
Full textJourdain, Pascal. "Caractérisation morphofonctionnelle des neurones magnocellulaires à ocytocine de rat en culture organotypique : rôle des afférences et de l'ocytocine dans le déclenchement et le contrôle d'une activité électrique en bouffée." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28520.
Full textNicolas, Frédéric. "Mise au point d'un modèle d'étude de l'hypoxie sur des neurones centraux en culture : évaluation du rôle neuroprotecteur des analogues de l'adénosine." Nancy, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10394.
Full textPuymirat, Jack. "Influence de la triiodothyronine sur le développement des neurones dopaminergiques de l'hypothalamus de souris : étude in vitro dans des cultures en milieu sans sérum." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066137.
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