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Journal articles on the topic 'Culture heterotrophe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 September 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wang, Jing Han, Hai Zhen Yang, and Feng Wang. "Potential of Mixotrophic Cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana for Biodiesel Production." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1509.

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Biodiesel from microalgae provides a promising alternative for biofuel production. Microalgal biodiesel can be produced under three major cultivation modes, namely, photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Studies of biodiesel production from microalgae have been reported mostly focusing on photoautotrophic cultivation, mixotrophic cultivation has rarely been researched. This paper compared the biomass productivity, lipid content, and lipid productivity ofChlorella sorokinianaunder photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Glucose was adopted as organic

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Wang, Jing Han, Hai Zhen Yang, and Feng Wang. "Mixotrophic Cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. as Biodiesel Feedstock." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.268.

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Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. Microalgal biodiesel can be obtained under three major cultivation modes, namely, photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Reported studies of microalgal biodiesel production are mainly based on photoautotrophic cultivation, mixotrophic cultivation has rarely been researched. This paper compared the biomass productivity, lipid content, and lipid productivity of Scenedesmus sp. under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Glucose was added as organic carbon source at five concentrations (0

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Correia, Nádia, Hugo Pereira, Peter S. C. Schulze, et al. "Heterotrophic and Photoautotrophic Media Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for the Novel Microalga Chlorococcum amblystomatis." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042089.

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The nutritional requirements of novel microalgal strains are key for their effective cultivation and metabolite content. Therefore, the optimization of heterotrophic and photoautotrophic culture media is crucial for novel Chlorococcum amblystomatis growth. Heterotrophic and photoautotrophic biomass samples were characterized to identify the differences between their heterotrophic and photoautotrophic biomass composition and their biotechnological potential. Media optimization through surface response methodology led to 44.9 and 51.2% increments in C. amblystomatis-specific growth rates under h

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Park, Jeong-Eun, Shan Zhang, Thi Hiep Han, and Sun-Jin Hwang. "The Contribution Ratio of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Metabolism during a Mixotrophic Culture of Chlorella sorokiniana." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (2021): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031353.

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The contribution ratio of autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism in the mixotrophic culture of Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana) was investigated. At the early stage of mixotrophic growth (day 0–1), autotrophy contributed over 70% of the total metabolism; however, heterotrophy contributed more than autotrophy after day 1 due to the rapid increase in cell density, which had a shading effect in the photo-bioreactor. Heterotrophy continued to have a higher contribution until the available organic carbon was depleted at which point autotrophy became dominant again. Overall, the increase in

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Cupo, Adelaide, Simone Landi, Salvatore Morra, et al. "Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Marine Diatom Cyclotella cryptica for EPA Production." Marine Drugs 19, no. 7 (2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19070355.

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Recently, the marketable value of ω-3 fatty acid, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), increased considering their health effects for human consumption. Microalgae are considered a valuable and “green” source of EPA alternative to fish oils, but considerable efforts are necessary for their exploitation at an industrial level. Due to the high operation costs of photoautotrophic microalgae cultivation, heterotrophic growth represents a promising economic solution. Marine diatoms are the major ecological producers of ω-3 fatty acids. Few species of diatoms are capable to grow in the dark usi

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Wang, Kaixuan, Zhongjie Wang, Yi Ding, et al. "Optimization of Heterotrophic Culture Conditions for the Algae Graesiella emersonii WBG-1 to Produce Proteins." Plants 12, no. 12 (2023): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12122255.

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The aim of this study was to improve the protein content and yield of heterotrophic microalgal cultivation and establish a simple, economical, and efficient method for microalgal protein production using the novel green alga, Graesiella emersonii WBG-1, which has not been previously reported for heterotrophic cultivation. Through batch heterotrophic cultivation of this alga, we observed that glucose was the optimal carbon source, while it could not use sucrose as a carbon source. Biomass production and protein content were significantly reduced when sodium acetate was used as the carbon source

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Morris, J. Jeffrey, Robin Kirkegaard, Martin J. Szul, Zackary I. Johnson, and Erik R. Zinser. "Facilitation of Robust Growth of Prochlorococcus Colonies and Dilute Liquid Cultures by “Helper” Heterotrophic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 14 (2008): 4530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02479-07.

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ABSTRACT Axenic (pure) cultures of marine unicellular cyanobacteria of the Prochlorococcus genus grow efficiently only if the inoculation concentration is large; colonies form on semisolid medium at low efficiencies. In this work, we describe a novel method for growing Prochlorococcus colonies on semisolid agar that improves the level of recovery to approximately 100%. Prochlorococcus grows robustly at low cell concentrations, in liquid or on solid medium, when cocultured with marine heterotrophic bacteria. Once the Prochlorococcus cell concentration surpasses a critical threshold, the “helper

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Singh, V., and A. K. Mittal. "Characterization of biofilm of a rotating biological contactor treating synthetic wastewater." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 2 (2012): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.221.

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A four-stage rotating biological contactor (RBC) was designed and operated to treat synthetic wastewater containing 1,000 mg/l chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 112 mg/l NH4+-N. A mixed culture bacterial biofilm was developed consisting of a heterotrophic bacterium Paracoccus pantotrophus, nitrifiers and other heterotrophs. Applying the peculiar characteristics of P. pantotrophus of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification, high simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen could be achieved in the fully aerobic RBC. The microbial community structure of the RBC biofilm

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Hršak, Dubravka, and Ana Begonja. "Possible Interactions within a Methanotrophic-Heterotrophic Groundwater Community Able To Transform Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 10 (2000): 4433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.10.4433-4439.2000.

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ABSTRACT The relationships and interactions within a methanotrophic-heterotrophic groundwater community were studied in a closed system (shake culture) in the presence of methane as the primary carbon and energy source and with the addition of the pure linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) congener 2-[4-(sulfophenyl)]decan as a cometabolic substrate. When cultured under different conditions, this community was shown to be a stable association, consisting of one obligate type II methanotroph and four or five heterotrophs possessing different nutritional and physiological characteristics. The resul

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Tsuneda, S., S. Park, H. Hayashi, J. Jung, and A. Hirata. "Enhancement of nitrifying biofilm formation using selected EPS produced by heterotrophic bacteria." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 6 (2001): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0374.

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The possibility of enhancing nitrifying biofilm formation rate with the aid of selected EPS produced by heterotrophic bacteria was investigated. When EPS production characteristics were examined for four kinds of heterotrophs isolated from a domestic wastewater treatment reactor, two strains obtained from biofilms (B1, B2) exhibited a higher polysaccharide production rate than those from suspended flocs (A1, A2). Among EPS components, the concentration of uronic acids gave a good correlation with flocculation ability, which suggests that acidic polysaccharides play a major role in bioaggregate

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Sedlacek, Christopher J., Susanne Nielsen, Kenneth D. Greis, et al. "Effects of Bacterial Community Members on the Proteome of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Nitrosomonas sp. Strain Is79." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 15 (2016): 4776–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01171-16.

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ABSTRACTMicroorganisms in the environment do not exist as the often-studied pure cultures but as members of complex microbial communities. Characterizing the interactions within microbial communities is essential to understand their function in both natural and engineered environments. In this study, we investigated how the presence of a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB) and heterotrophic bacteria affect the growth and proteome of the chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB)Nitrosomonassp. strain Is79. We investigatedNitrosomonassp. Is79 in co-culture withNitrobacter winogradsky

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Beaver, Rachel C., Katja Engel, W. Jeffrey Binns, and Josh D. Neufeld. "Microbiology of barrier component analogues of a deep geological repository." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 68, no. 2 (2022): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2021-0225.

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Canada is currently implementing a site selection process to identify a location for a deep geological repository (DGR) for the long-term storage of Canada’s used nuclear fuel, wherein used nuclear fuel bundles will be sealed inside copper-coated carbon steel containers, encased in highly compacted bentonite clay buffer boxes, and sealed deep underground in a stable geosphere. Because a DGR must remain functional for a million years, it is important to examine ancient natural systems that serve as analogues for planned DGR components. Specifically, studying the microbiology of natural analogue

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Blöthe, Marco, and Eric E. Roden. "Composition and Activity of an Autotrophic Fe(II)-Oxidizing, Nitrate-Reducing Enrichment Culture." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 21 (2009): 6937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01742-09.

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ABSTRACT 16S rRNA gene libraries from the lithoautotrophic Fe(II)-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing enrichment culture described by Straub et al. (K. L. Straub, M. Benz, B. Schink, and F. Widdel, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:1458-1460, 1996) were dominated by a phylotype related (95% 16S rRNA gene homology) to the autotrophic Fe(II) oxidizer Sideroxydans lithotrophicus. The libraries also contained phylotypes related to known heterotrophic nitrate reducers Comamonas badia, Parvibaculum lavamentivorans, and Rhodanobacter thiooxidans. The three heterotrophs were isolated and found to be capable of onl

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Korozi, Evagelina, Vasiliki Tsagou, Io Kefalogianni, et al. "Continuous Culture of Auxenochlorella protothecoides on Biodiesel Derived Glycerol under Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic Conditions: Growth Parameters and Biochemical Composition." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (2022): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030541.

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As crude glycerol comprises a potential substrate for microalga fermentation and value added products’ biosynthesis, Auxenochlorella protothecoides was grown on it under heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions and its growth kinetics were evaluated in a continuous system under steady state conditions. Increasing initial glycerol concentration (from 30 to 50 g/L) in the heterotrophic culture led to reduced biomass yield (Yx/S) and productivity (Px), but favored lipid accumulation. Under heterotrophic conditions, the microalga was found to grow better (biomass up to 7.888 g/L) and faster (highe

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Le, Thanh Tung, Amélie Corato, Thomas Gerards, Stéphanie Gérin, Claire Remacle, and Fabrice Franck. "Heterotrophy Compared to Photoautotrophy for Growth Characteristics and Pigment Compositions in Batch Cultures of Four Green Microalgae." Plants 13, no. 9 (2024): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13091182.

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Four strains of green microalgae (Scenedesmus acutus, Scenedesmus vacuolatus, Chlorella sorokiniana, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) were compared to determine growth and pigment composition under photoautotrophic or heterotrophic conditions. Batch growth experiments were performed in multicultivators with online monitoring of optical density. For photoautotrophic growth, light-limited (CO2-sufficient) growth was analyzed under different light intensities during the exponential and deceleration growth phases. The specific growth rate, measured during the exponential phase, and the maximal bioma

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Khanichaidecha, W., A. Nakaruk, K. Ratananikom, R. Eamrat, and F. Kazama. "Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification using pure-culture bacteria for wastewater treatment." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 9, no. 1 (2018): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2018.064.

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Abstract Due to the high water demand and unsustainable water resource, wastewater reclamation and wastewater treatment prior to discharge have become current important issues. Various treatment technologies, such as biological processes, have been improved as alternatives. In this study, the biological nitrogen removal system using pure-culture Bacillus licheniformis was developed and used as an internal treatment unit in an aquarium to improve the effluent quality for water reuse. The efficiencies for NH4-N and total nitrogen (TN) removal and the quality of treated water verified the occurre

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Obayagbona, O. N., A. Dunkwu-Okafor, O. Odigie, and J. U. Oghene. "Biodegradation potentials of edaphic bacterial isolates cultured on Haloxyfop R Methyl ester herbicide-mineral salt medium." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 40, no. 2 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v40i2.1.

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The heterotrophic and haloxyfop-R methyl ester utilizing bacterial counts associated with top soil samples was evaluated. Three (3) bacterial isolates; Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were cultured and screened for their ability to utilize haloxyfop-R methyl ester as sole source of carbon and energy using the turbidimeteric procedure. The growth profiles of two axenic cultures; Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp. were determined using the shake flask test. Parameters which included pH, mean viable bacterial counts, optical density and dissolved CO2 were determined during grow

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Fruhen, M., E. Christan, W. Gujer, and O. Wanner. "Significance of Spatial Distribution of Microbial Species in Mixed Culture Biofilms." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (1991): 1365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0589.

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Experimental data from a biofilm reactor, in which two groups of organisms (Nitrifiers and Heterotrophs) compete for dissolved oxygen, were analyzed by a Mixed Culture Biofilm Model. The objective was to investigate to what extent and how fast relative abundance and spatial distribution of microbial species in a mixed culture biofilm changed upon variations of the bulk fluid substrate composition, and what the consequences of these changes were for substrate removal. Experimental results showed that within nine days the nitrification rate in a biofilm of constant thickness could change by a fa

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Bacelar-Nicolau, Paula, and D. Barrie Johnson. "Leaching of Pyrite by Acidophilic Heterotrophic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria in Pure and Mixed Cultures." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 2 (1999): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.2.585-590.1999.

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ABSTRACT Seven strains of heterotrophic iron-oxidizing acidophilic bacteria were examined to determine their abilities to promote oxidative dissolution of pyrite (FeS2) when they were grown in pure cultures and in mixed cultures with sulfur-oxidizingThiobacillus spp. Only one of the isolates (strain T-24) oxidized pyrite when it was grown in pyrite-basal salts medium. However, when pyrite-containing cultures were supplemented with 0.02% (wt/vol) yeast extract, most of the isolates oxidized pyrite, and one (strain T-24) promoted rates of mineral dissolution similar to the rates observed with th

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Gao, Yifan, Yuan Li, Yan Yang, Jia Feng, Li Ji, and Shulian Xie. "Effects of Trophic Modes on the Lipid Accumulation of Parachlorella kessleri TY." Fermentation 9, no. 10 (2023): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9100891.

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Microalgae are considered to have great potential as a source of biodiesel. Currently, algae culture has three different trophic modes, i.e., autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic, but not all kinds of algae are suitable for heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation. In this study, Parachlorella kessleri TY, screened from the soil of Shanxi Province, was heterotrophically and mixotrophically treated with glucose as an organic carbon source, and the physiological and biochemical levels of its growth and lipid accumulation were measured. The results showed that the highest biomass and biom

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Aislabie, J., J. Ryburn, and A. Sarmah. "Culturable microbes in shallow groundwater underlying ornithogenic soil of Cape Hallett, AntarcticaThis article is one of a selection of papers in the Special Issue on Polar and Alpine Microbiology." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 1 (2009): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-118.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the culturable psychrotolerant microbial community in groundwater from Seabee Hook, Antarctica. Shallow groundwater can be present in coastal regions at higher latitudes during the Antarctic summer. Perched groundwater atop ice-cemented permafrost occurs on Seabee Hook, Cape Hallett, at depths from 5 to 80 cm below the soil surface. Compared with terrestrial water from other sites in Antarctica, the groundwater was high in salt and nutrients, reflecting proximity to the sea and ornithogenic soil. Microbial communities in groundwater samples from S

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Nicodemou, Andonia, Michalis Kallis, Anastasia Agapiou, Androulla Markidou, and Michalis Koutinas. "The Effect of Trophic Modes on Biomass and Lipid Production of Five Microalgal Strains." Water 14, no. 2 (2022): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14020240.

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Five microalgae strains, namely Isochrysis galbana, Microchloropsis gaditana, Scenedesmus obliquus, Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis suecica, were selected as potential candidates for polyunsaturated fatty acids’ production, evaluating biomass productivity and their capacity to accumulate high lipid contents under different trophic modes. Microalgae strains were cultivated in the presence of 1% glucose using mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, while autotrophic cultures served as control experiments. The results demonstrate that S. obliquus performed the highest biomass productivi

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Puzanskiy, Roman K., Daria A. Romanyuk, Anastasia A. Kirpichnikova, Vladislav V. Yemelyanov, and Maria F. Shishova. "Plant Heterotrophic Cultures: No Food, No Growth." Plants 13, no. 2 (2024): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13020277.

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Plant cells are capable of uptaking exogenous organic substances. This inherited trait allows the development of heterotrophic cell cultures in various plants. The most common of them are Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant cells are widely used in academic studies and as factories for valuable substance production. The repertoire of compounds supporting the heterotrophic growth of plant cells is limited. The best growth of cultures is ensured by oligosaccharides and their cleavage products. Primarily, these are sucrose, raffinose, glucose and fructose. Other molecules such as gl

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Şentürk, Tuğba. "Effect of different trophic cultures on the amount of total carbohydrate and chlorophyll of Oscillatoria sp." Aquatic Research 7, no. 3 (2024): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/ar24013.

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Cyanobacteria (blue-green microalgae) is a gram-negative prokaryotic autotroph found in natural waters that plays a pivotal role in biochemical cycles. The present investigation proposed to study the potential of using different concentrations of glucose as the carbon substrate to produce microalgal biomass and biochemical components, such as photosynthetic pigments and total carbohydrates (CH) by Oscillatoria sp. The cyanobacteria were collected, and the isolated colony was found to be Oscillatoria sp., and it was grown in BG-11 medium for mass cultivation. Then, the centrifuged biomass was w

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Dong, Kaiyi, Ying Wang, Wenjing Zhang, and Qian Li. "Prevalence and Preferred Niche of Small Eukaryotes with Mixotrophic Potentials in the Global Ocean." Microorganisms 12, no. 4 (2024): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040750.

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Unicellular eukaryotes that are capable of phago-mixotrophy in the ocean compete for inorganic nutrients and light with autotrophs, and for bacterial prey with heterotrophs. In this study, we ask what the overall prevalence of eukaryotic mixotrophs in the vast open ocean is, and how the availability of inorganic nutrients, light, and prey affects their relative success. We utilized the Tara Oceans eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene and environmental context variables dataset to conduct a large-scale field analysis. We also performed isolate-based culture experiments to verify growth and nutritional reso

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Childress, H., B. Sullivan, J. Kaur, and R. Karthikeyan. "Effects of ultraviolet light disinfection on tetracycline-resistant bacteria in wastewater effluents." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 3 (2013): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.257.

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The ubiquitous use of antibiotics has led to an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, including strains that are multidrug-resistant, pathogenic, or both. There is also evidence to suggest that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) spread to the environment, humans, and animals through wastewater effluents. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Wastewater effluent samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Texas were evaluated for differences in tetracycline-resista

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Lehman, R. Michael, Francisco F. Roberto, Drummond Earley, et al. "Attached and Unattached Bacterial Communities in a 120-Meter Corehole in an Acidic, Crystalline Rock Aquifer." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 5 (2001): 2095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.5.2095-2106.2001.

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ABSTRACT The bacteria colonizing geologic core sections (attached) were contrasted with those found suspended in the groundwater (unattached) by examining the microbiology of 16 depth-paired core and groundwater samples using a suite of culture-independent and culture-dependent analyses. One hundred twenty-two meters was continuously cored from a buried chalcopyrite ore hosted in a biotite-quartz-monzonite porphyry at the Mineral Park Mine near Kingman, Ariz. Every fourth 1.5-m core was acquired using microbiologically defensible methods, and these core sections were aseptically processed for

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Wu, Kangping, Yilin Fang, Biyuan Hong, et al. "Enhancement of Carbon Conversion and Value-Added Compound Production in Heterotrophic Chlorella vulgaris Using Sweet Sorghum Extract." Foods 11, no. 17 (2022): 2579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172579.

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High-cost carbon sources are not economical or sustainable for the heterotrophic culture of Chlorella vulgaris. In order to reduce the cost, this study used sweet sorghum extract (SE) and its enzymatic hydrolysate (HSE) as alternative carbon sources for the heterotrophic culture of Chlorella vulgaris. Under the premise of the same total carbon concentration, the value-added product production performance of Chlorella vulgaris cultured in HSE (supplemented with nitrogen sources and minerals) was much better than that in the glucose medium. The conversion rate of the total organic carbon and the

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Jia, Shi Ru, Zhen Ding, Ning Tan, Nan Wang, Pei Pei Han, and Nan Nan Yuan. "Heterotrophic Fed-Batch Cultures of Nostoc flagelliforme and Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5468.

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Nostoc flagelliforme is a kind of terrestrial cyanobacterium with high economic value. Dissociated cells, which separated from a natural colony of N. flagelliforme, could be cultivated heterotrophically in the darkness on xylose and glucose under fed-batch culture conditions. Growth and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) production in different cultures are investigated. At harvest time, the cultures contain 1.215 g•L-1 of biomass and 122.5 mg•L-1 of EPS respectively. The gravimetric EPS production rate is 17.5 mg•g-1•day-1, which is 1.65 times higher than previously reported results for hete

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Tisserat, Brent, and Robert Silman. "Growth of Plant Tissue Cultures in Ultra-high Levels of Carbon Dioxide under Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Conditions." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 587e—587. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.587e.

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A comparative study was undertaken to determine the influence of lighting, carbohydrate concentrations and ultra-high levels of CO2, i.e., >10,000 ppm, on sterile culture growth. Past CO2-sterile studies have confirmed that elevation of CO2 to as high as 1000 ppm resulted in beneficial growth. Within special constructed chambers, tissue cultures were given a variety of CO2 levels for 12–16 hours/day using artificial lighting and natural sunlight. Several different plants (lettuce, beans, pine) and plant culture types were grown in CO2-enriched environments, ranging from 350 to 50,000 ppm. I

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Inamori, Yuhei, Xiao-Lei Wu, and Motoyuki Mizuochi. "N2O producing capability of nitrosomonas europaea, nitrobacter winogradskyi and alcaligenes faecalis." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 10 (1997): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0360.

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Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrobacter winogradskyi and Alcaligenes faecalis—typical ammonia-oxidizer, nitrite-oxidizer and heterotrophic nitrifier were immobilized in PVA gel and employed in the study. Continuous experiments were conducted in their pure and mixed cultures with DO concentrations in the cultures kept at 4, 2, 0.5 mg·l−1. Comparisons among N2O emission from different cultures were made to show their N2O producing capabilities. Results showed that: compared with N. europaea and A. faecalis, N. winogradskyi produced negligible N2O. On the other hand, N. europaea had the highest N2O pr

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Bhattacharyya, Saswati, B. K. Chakrabarty, A. Das, P. N. Kundu, and P. C. Banerjee. "Acidiphilium symbioticum sp.nov., an acidophilic heterotrophic bacterium from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultures isolated from Indian mines." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 1 (1991): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-012.

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Two cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans enriched from Indian mine samples and grown autotrophically on FeSO4 – basal salts medium for periods ranging from several months to years contained acidophilic, heterotrophic bacterial contaminants. The heterotrophs (strains KM2 and H8) were isolated by selective growth in a mineral salts – glucose – yeast extract medium of pH 3 and were purified as single colonies on an agarose medium. Mannose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, citrate, mannitol, and glycerol supported the growth of these strains in the presence of yeast extract. The heterotrophs grew poo

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Sorokin, Dimitry Y., Tatyana P. Tourova, Anatoly M. Lysenko, and J. Gijs Kuenen. "Microbial Thiocyanate Utilization under Highly Alkaline Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 2 (2001): 528–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.2.528-538.2001.

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ABSTRACT Three kinds of alkaliphilic bacteria able to utilize thiocyanate (CNS−) at pH 10 were found in highly alkaline soda lake sediments and soda soils. The first group included obligate heterotrophs that utilized thiocyanate as a nitrogen source while growing at pH 10 with acetate as carbon and energy sources. Most of the heterotrophic strains were able to oxidize sulfide and thiosulfate to tetrathionate. The second group included obligately autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing alkaliphiles which utilized thiocyanate nitrogen during growth with thiosulfate as the energy source. Genetic analysis de

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Ronan, Patrick, Otini Kroukamp, Steven N. Liss, and Gideon Wolfaardt. "Interaction between CO2-consuming autotrophy and CO2-producing heterotrophy in non-axenic phototrophic biofilms." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0253224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253224.

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As the effects of climate change become increasingly evident, the need for effective CO2 management is clear. Microalgae are well-suited for CO2 sequestration, given their ability to rapidly uptake and fix CO2. They also readily assimilate inorganic nutrients and produce a biomass with inherent commercial value, leading to a paradigm in which CO2-sequestration, enhanced wastewater treatment, and biomass generation could be effectively combined. Natural non-axenic phototrophic cultures comprising both autotrophic and heterotrophic fractions are particularly attractive in this endeavour, given t

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Nishimura, Takao, Raghunath Ramu Pachpande, and Tatsuichi Iwamura. "A heterotrophic synchronous culture of Chlorella." Cell Structure and Function 13, no. 3 (1988): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1247/csf.13.207.

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Charria-Girón, Esteban, Vanessa Amazo, Daniela De Angulo, et al. "Strategy for Managing Industrial Anaerobic Sludge through the Heterotrophic Cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana: Effect of Iron Addition on Biomass and Lipid Production." Bioengineering 8, no. 6 (2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8060082.

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Microalgae provides an alternative for the valorization of industrial by-products, in which the nutritional content varies substantially and directly affects microalgae system performance. Herein, the heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana was systematically studied, allowing us to detect a nutritional deficiency other than the carbon source through assessing the oxygen transfer rate for glucose or acetate fermentation. Consequently, a mathematical model of the iron co-limiting effect on heterotrophic microalgae was developed by exploring its ability to regulate the specific growth

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Fu, Yunlei, Lanbo Yi, Shufang Yang, et al. "Light Induction of Seed Culture Accelerates Lutein Accumulation in Heterotrophic Fermentation of Chlorella protothecoides CS-41." Fermentation 9, no. 8 (2023): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080768.

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Microalgae are recognized as a promising and valuable source of lutein. However, the current two-stage method for lutein production has drawbacks, such as complex operations and a long cultivation time. Additionally, utilizing heterotrophic fermentation to cultivate microalgae for lutein production leads to low lutein content due to the absence of light. In this study, we proposed a novel cultivation method that involves light induction of the seed culture to enhance lutein production during the heterotrophic cultivation phase of Chlorella protothecoides CS-41. To gain comprehensive insights i

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Amaral, J. A., A. Ekins, S. R. Richards, and R. Knowles. "Effect of Selected Monoterpenes on Methane Oxidation, Denitrification, and Aerobic Metabolism by Bacteria in Pure Culture." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 2 (1998): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.2.520-525.1998.

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ABSTRACT Selected monoterpenes inhibited methane oxidation by methanotrophs (Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, Methylobacter luteus), denitrification by environmental isolates, and aerobic metabolism by several heterotrophic pure cultures. Inhibition occurred to various extents and was transient. Complete inhibition of methane oxidation by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b with 1.1 mM (−)-α-pinene lasted for more than 2 days with a culture of optical density of 0.05 before activity resumed. Inhibition was greater under conditions under which particulate methane monooxygenase was expressed. No app

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Zhang, Han, Jiaxin Shi, Cuibai Chen, Meng Yang, Jianping Lu, and Baogang Zhang. "Heterotrophic Bioleaching of Vanadium from Low-Grade Stone Coal by Aerobic Microbial Consortium." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (2022): 13375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013375.

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Bioleaching is a viable method that assists in increasing the vanadium output in an economical and environmentally friendly manner. Most bioleaching is conducted by pure cultures under autotrophic conditions, which frequently require strong acidity and produce acid wastewater. However, little is known about heterotrophic bioleaching of vanadium by mixed culture. This study investigated the bioleaching of vanadium from low-grade stone coal by heterotrophic microbial consortium. According to the results, vanadium was efficiently extracted by the employed culture, with the vanadium recovery perce

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Xie, Weiying, Xiaojie Li, Huo Xu, et al. "Optimization of Heterotrophic Culture Conditions for the Microalgae Euglena gracilis to Produce Proteins." Marine Drugs 21, no. 10 (2023): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21100519.

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Euglena gracilis is one of the few permitted edible microalgae. Considering consumer acceptance, E. gracilis grown heterotrophically with yellow appearances have wider food industrial applications such as producing meat analogs than green cells. However, there is much room to improve the protein content of heterotrophic culture cells. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources, temperature, initial pH, and C/N ratios on the protein production of E. gracilis were evaluated under heterotrophic cultivation. These results indicated that ammonium sulfate was the optimal nitrogen source for prot

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De la Hoz, H., A. Ben-Zvi, R. Burrell, and W. McCaffrey. "Optimization of Heterotrophic Microalgal Cultures." Journal of Biotechnology 150 (November 2010): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.058.

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Alongi, Deborah A., Jeffrey P. Hill, and Matthew J. Germino. "Opportunistic heterotrophy in gametophytes of the homosporous fern Ceratopteris richardii." Botany 87, no. 8 (2009): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b09-039.

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Fern gametophytes are extremely shade-tolerant, potentially existing for long periods under conditions of extreme light limitation. Many previous studies have demonstrated an increase in gametophyte growth and incidence of spontaneous transition to sporophyte morphology (apogamy) under culture on media containing exogenous sugar. However, these studies did not verify sugar uptake or quantify relative growth on media containing different sugar types. Here, we examine the extent of heterotrophy and underlying mechanisms of sugar transport in photosynthetic gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris r

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Santo, Gonçalo Espírito, Ana Barros, Margarida Costa, et al. "Scenedesmus rubescens Heterotrophic Production Strategies for Added Value Biomass." Marine Drugs 21, no. 7 (2023): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21070411.

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Microalgae attract interest worldwide due to their potential for several applications. Scenedesmus is one of the first in vitro cultured algae due to their rapid growth and handling easiness. Within this genus, cells exhibit a highly resistant wall and propagate both auto- and heterotrophically. The main goal of the present work is to find scalable ways to produce a highly concentrated biomass of Scenedesmus rubescens in heterotrophic conditions. Scenedesmus rubescens growth was improved at the lab-scale by 3.2-fold (from 4.1 to 13 g/L of dry weight) through medium optimization by response sur

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Jehlička, Jan, Howell G. M. Edwards, Kateřina Osterrothová, et al. "Potential and limits of Raman spectroscopy for carotenoid detection in microorganisms: implications for astrobiology." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2030 (2014): 20140199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0199.

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In this paper, it is demonstrated how Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect different carotenoids as possible biomarkers in various groups of microorganisms. The question which arose from previous studies concerns the level of unambiguity of discriminating carotenoids using common Raman microspectrometers. A series of laboratory-grown microorganisms of different taxonomic affiliation was investigated, such as halophilic heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, the anoxygenic phototrophs, the non-halophilic heterotrophs as well as eukaryotes (Ochrophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta). The data p

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Steen, R. G. "Evidence for facultative heterotrophy in cultured zooxanthellae." Marine Biology 95, no. 1 (1987): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00447480.

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León, María José, Ana B. Fernández, Rohit Ghai, Cristina Sánchez-Porro, Francisco Rodriguez-Valera, and Antonio Ventosa. "From Metagenomics to Pure Culture: Isolation and Characterization of the Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Spiribacter salinus gen. nov., sp. nov." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 13 (2014): 3850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00430-14.

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ABSTRACTRecent metagenomic studies on saltern ponds with intermediate salinities have determined that their microbial communities are dominated by bothEuryarchaeotaand halophilic bacteria, with a gammaproteobacterium closely related to the generaAlkalilimnicolaandArhodomonasbeing one of the most predominant microorganisms, making up to 15% of the total prokaryotic population. Here we used several strategies and culture media in order to isolate this organism in pure culture. We report the isolation and taxonomic characterization of this new, never before cultured microorganism, designated M19-

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De la Hoz Siegler, H., A. Ben-Zvi, R. E. Burrell, and W. C. McCaffrey. "The dynamics of heterotrophic algal cultures." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 10 (2011): 5764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.081.

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Azma, Mojtaba, Rosfarizan Mohamad, Raha Abdul Rahim, and Arbakariya B. Ariff. "Improved Protocol for the Preparation of Axenic Culture and Adaptation to Heterotrophic Cultivation." Open Biotechnology Journal 4, no. 1 (2010): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701004010036.

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The effectiveness of various physical and chemical methods for the removal of contaminants from the microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica, culture was investigated. The information obtained was used as the basis for the development of improved protocol for the preparation of axenic culture to be adapted to heterotrophic cultivation. Repeated centrifugation and rinsing effectively removed the free bacterial contaminants from the microalgae culture while sonication helped to loosen up the tightly attached bacterial contaminants on the microalgae cells. Removal of bacterial spores was accomplished usin

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Xiao, Yibo, Xi He, Qi Ma, et al. "Photosynthetic Accumulation of Lutein in Auxenochlorella protothecoides after Heterotrophic Growth." Marine Drugs 16, no. 8 (2018): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16080283.

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In order to enhance lutein accumulation and to explain the reasons for the difference in lutein accumulation under photoautotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, different culture modes and the associated transcriptome profiles were investigated in Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The heterotrophic-photoautotrophic transition culture mode was investigated for lutein accumulation, changing from organic carbon to increase biomass in dark fermentation to irradiation under nitrogen rich conditions. This strategy increased the lutein content 10 times along with chloroplast regeneration and little bi

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Mozumder, Md Salatul Islam, Laurens Goormachtigh, Linsey Garcia-Gonzalez, Heleen De Wever, and Eveline I. P. Volcke. "Modeling pure culture heterotrophic production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)." Bioresource Technology 155 (March 2014): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.103.

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