Relevant bibliographies by topics / Culture in Indonesia

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Culture in Indonesia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Culture in Indonesia"

1

Mustawhisin, Alfain Nur, Rully Putri Nirmala P, and Wiwin Hartanto. "Sejarah Kebudayaan: Hasil Budaya Material dan Non-Material Akibat Adanya Pengaruh Islam di Nusantara." SINDANG: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Kajian Sejarah 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/sdg.v1i2.251.

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Indonesia is a country with diverse cultures that live side by side in it. There are various factors that influence the diversity of cultures that Indonesia has, one of which is the influence of foreign parties, it has been known that Indonesia was once influenced by Hindu and Buddhist culture in a long period of time and has instilled cultural values ​​in Indonesia, after influence Hindu and Buddhist culture declined, came new cultures and influences brought by Islam. The arrival of Islam in the form of the influence of religion and culture does not necessarily erase the Indonesian original culture or culture resulting from the acculturation of Hinduism and Buddhism and Indonesia. The arrival of Islam that uses peaceful means tends to be more easily accepted by Indonesian people, by means of Islam that comes peacefully and does not impose its influence and culture, then slowly the development of Islam in Indonesia can develop rapidly, and another way that Islam uses is to alienate culture existing ones with teachings that are considered to be in accordance with Islamic law, so that unconsciously people are led to use Islamic methods through existing cultures, which is why later Indonesian cultures will emerge that are influenced by the existence of Islam in Indonesia, both in material and non-material forms.
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Sukendro, Gregorius Genep. "Creativity of Indonesia: Analysis of Indonesian Tourism Advertisement “Pesona Indonesia”." Prosiding Semnasfi 1, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/semnasfi.v1i1.1149.

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The tourism advertisement of “Pesona Indonesia” conducted by the Indonesian government is an effort to introduce Indonesia around the globe. Questioning the advertisement will leads to the talks of communication strategy and creative execution advertising. This research analyses the application of strategies and creative execution. Qualitative approach of this study is utilizing case study method. The outcomes of the research indicate that the use of local culture in commercial advertising can have a positive impact on advertisers, culture, and society. Advertisers and advertiser agencies ought to be aware of the cultural insight importance in the advertisement. Creativity is the key to advertising success.
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Kusumaningtiyas, Tiara, and Nurazizah. "PERPUSTAKAAN DIGITAL BUDAYA INDONESIA: PERAN MASYARAKAT DAN KOMUNITAS MELINDUNGI DAN MELESTARIKAN BUDAYA INDONESIA." Jurnal Pustaka Budaya 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/pb.v9i1.9178.

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Indonesia is a country with cultural diversity, this diversity has not been able to be identified and registered, so it is feared those cultures will be eroded by globalization or claimed by another party. Perpustakaan Digital Budaya Indonesia with the concept of Virtual Community to collect data on culture which involves people and communities in the preservation of the culture of Indonesia. This article is going to describe how Perpustakaan Digital Budaya Indonesia through budaya-indonesia.org performs cultural preservation with the contribution of all elements of society. This study is using a qualitative approach with web observation and literature study as data collection techniques. The results showed that efforts to conserve the culture of the community by documenting the cultural records and inventory data, access and utilization of cultural data and the benefits of cultural data gathered at the Perpustakaan Digital Budaya Indonesia provide many benefits to Indonesia, among others present in various cultures, record various cultural heritages and minimize claims against Indonesian culture from foreign parties.
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Fawaid, Imam, and Husnul Khatimah. "WAJAH ISLAM INDONESIA." LISAN AL-HAL: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan 12, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v12i2.160.

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According to Clifford Geertz, Islam in Indonesia is a religious tradition that is influenced by religious beliefs, ethnic preferences and political ideologies carried out by Modjokuto people as a reflection of the religious traditions of the Javanese community. Geertz states that the style of Islam in Indonesia, especially Java is syncretic Islam. It was from a combination of Islam and Javanese culture. Islam is only a mere accessory but its substance is a noble Javanese culture. Whereas according to Woodward, that religious conception has a big role in transforming certain cultures in this case is Javanese Islamic culture. According to Woodward, the style of Islam in the archipelago is acculturative. It was from the encounter with the local culture in a very long time.
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Rumpaka, Rori Amelya, and Lutfiah Ayundasari. "Akulturasi budaya Tembang Lir-ilir sebagai media dakwah Sunan Kalijaga." Jurnal Integrasi dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um063v1i4p470-476.

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Islam is mostly embraced by Indonesians. The majority of Indonesians adhere to the largest religion in the world. Islam entered the archipelago through peaceful channels in accordance with the religious mission, namely rahmatan li al-'ālamīn. Which is Islam as a religion that embraces or protects all people and other things. Likewise with the culture in Indonesia. Indonesian culture has existed since time immemorial. Various cultures passed on from their ancestors to their successors. Indonesia has a variety of cultural features that need to be preserved and maintained. This is what makes Indonesian society thick with culture. Islam entering Indonesian territory is not easy. Because the majority of people still adhere to and are thick with culture. Therefore, the figures who spread the religion of Islam must know the character of Indonesian society. Using the method of acculturating existing cultures in Indonesia with Islamic religious values is the right way to spread Islam. Agama Islam dianut sebagian besar oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Mayoritas masyarakat Indonesia menganut agama yang dianut terbesar di dunia ini. Islam masuk ke wilayah Nusantara melalui jalur damai sesuai dengan misi agama yakni rahmatan li al-‘ālamīn. Yang mana Islam sebagai agama yang merangkul atau mengayomi semua umat dan hal lainnya. Begitu pula dengan kebudayaan yang ada di Indonesia. Kebudayaan Indonesia sudah ada sejak dahulu kala. Beragam kebudayaan diwariskan para leluhur kepada penerusnya. Indonesia memiliki beragam corak kebudayaan yang perlu dilestarikan dan dijaga keberadaannya. Hal tersebut yang menjadikan masyarakat Indonesia kental akan budaya. Agama Islam masuk ke wilayah Indonesia tidak mudah. Dikarenakan mayoritas masyarakat masih menganut dan kental akan budaya. Maka dari itu, para tokoh penyebar agama Islam harus mengetahui karakter masyarakat Indonesia. Menggunakan cara mengakulturasi budaya yang ada di Indonesia dengan nilai-nilai agama Islam merupakan cara yang tepat untuk penyebaran agama Islam.
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Pangestika, Nifo Ria Nurendra. "PELESTARIAN BUDAYA INDONESIA MELALUI INDONESIAN CULTURAL WEEK." Joyful Learning Journal 10, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jlj.v10i1.44404.

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Banyaknya budaya yang ada di Indonesia sangat perlu untuk dilestarikan, terutama di Elementary School of Semarang Multinational School yang mayoritas siswanya merupakan warga negara asing, maka sekolah ini mengadakan kegiatan Indonesian Cultural Week guna melestarikan budaya Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pelestarian budaya Indonesia melalui kegiatan Indonesian Cultural Week yang dilaksanakan di Elementary School of Semarang Multinational School. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Elementary School of Semarang Multinational School. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru, dan siswa yang berjumlah 13 orang yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan catatan lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelestarian budaya lokal di Elementary School of Semarang Multinational School dilaksanakan dengan sangat baik melalui kegiatan Indonesian Cultural Week dengan dukungan dari seluruh pihak terkait yaitu kepala sekolah, guru, staff, siswa, dan juga orang tua yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya penambahan tingkat pengetahuan siswa mengenai budaya Indonesia.Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kegiatan Indonesian Cultural Week dapat melestarikan kebudayaan lokal di Elementary School of Semarang Multinaional School termasuk dalam kategori baik. Pelaksanaan kegiatan Indonesian Cultural Week meliputi upaya mempertahankan budaya lokal, pelestarian budaya didasarkan pada kebutuhan, serta terdapat strategi pelestarian budaya. Faktor pendukung pelaksanaan kegiatan Indonesian Cultural Week yaitu dimulai dari tahap persiapan yang meliputi penyusunan rancangan kegiatan, anggaran dana, tempat dan waktu pelaksanaan dan penyusunan kepanitiaan, sampai dengan tahap pelaksanaan kegiatan dan evaluasi pasca kegiatan Many cultures in Indonesia are very necessary to be preserved, especially in Elementary School of Semarang Multinational School, where the majority of students are foreign nationals, so this school holds Indonesian Cultural Week activities to preserve Indonesian culture. This research aims to describe the preservation of Indonesian culture through Indonesian Cultural Week activities held at Elemenary School of Semarang Multinational School. This research uses qualitative approach. The research was conducted at Elementary School of Semarang Multinational School. The samples in this study were principals, teachers, and students of 13 people determined by purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, documentation and field notes. Data analysis is done through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the preservation of local culture at Elementary School of Semarang Multinational School was carried out very well through Indonesian Cultural Week activities with support from all relevant parties, namely principals, teachers, staff, students, and also parents, which was shown by the addition of students' level of knowledge about Indonesian culture.The conclusion of this research is that Indonesian Cultural Week activities can preserve local culture at Elementary School of Semarang Multinaional School in the good category. The implementation of Indonesian Cultural Week activities includes efforts to maintain local culture, cultural preservation based on needs, and there are strategies for cultural preservation. Supporting factors for the implementation of Indonesian Cultural Week activities are starting from the preparation stage which includes the preparation of the draft activities, budget funds, place and time of implementation and preparation of committee, up to the stage of implementation of activities and post-activity evaluation
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Bonafix, Dominikus Nunnun, and Hendrie Hartono. "Perayaan Sejit Kongco Ceng Gwan Cin Kun di Kelenteng Tek Hay Kiong dalam Kacamata Fotografi." Humaniora 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2014): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v5i2.3226.

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Chinese culture is one has formed the Indonesian culture nowadays and has become an integral part of the Indonesian culture. Although it is still originated from their ancestors, Chinese culture in Indonesia has become local and has had assimilation process with other local cultures. In order to preserve the physical structure, documentation in Digital Photography media is important so that this result in highly artistic and prime quality. Photography media is very effective to show visually the Chinese culture in Indonesia, especially in Tegal in details, as well as the artistic side in taking picture technique. It is an early step to introduce old and well preserved culture heritage, especially Chinese culture in Tegal.
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Arifin, Ardian, Ferry Marlianto, and Aris Budiman. "PENGEMBANGAN GAME EDUKASI PAKAIAN TRADISIONAL INDONESIA BERBASIS ANDROID." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 1, no. 2 (May 23, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v1i2.99.

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Culture in Indonesia has a lot of diversity. Indonesia which has many provinces also has many cultures. One of the cultures that exist in Indonesia is raditional clothing. Traditional clothing, a characteristic of adat and culture in each region and also used in each traditional ceremony. Along with the development of the times, the concern for the preservation of national culture, especially traditional clothing, was very minimal. For example, the lack of recognition and socialization of Indonesian culture in the community is one of the important factors why people's interest is lacking in traditonal clothing. This study aims to develop the development of an Android-based educational game on traditional Indonesian clothing. The method used in this study uses Research and Development methods. The results of this study were developed an educational game "Introduction to Traditional Clothing in Indonesia" on the Android platform that provides information to users about any traditional musical instruments in Indonesia. Educational games are expected to help in the introduction of existing cultures and can be used as a way to provide insight to children. From the results of testing carried out with the black box method, it can be concluded that this application can function well. And can provide users of Android smartphone games that are educational.Keywords: Educational Games, Traditional Clothing, Android Smartphones
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Akmaliah, Wahyudi. "When Ulama Support A Pop Singer: Fatin Sidqiah and Islamic Pop Culture in Post-Suharto Indonesia." Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 52, no. 2 (December 26, 2014): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2014.522.351-373.

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<p>Television, music videos, films, and pop bands are all part of global popular culture and thought to be the product of “the west”. These media are therefore often seen as a threat to the identities of nationalities, local cultures, and religious groups. In contrast, in the context of Indonesian Muslims, the Indonesian Ulama Council’s (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) showed support for Fatin Shidqia Lubis to the singing contest of Indonesian X Factor, 2013. This paper intends to study the presence of Fatin Sidqiah as the winner of Indonesian X Factor and the response of Indonesian muslims regarding Islamic popular culture in Indonesia. This paper argues that the presence of Islamic popular culture in Indonesia through books, novels, films, as well as fashion, show that Indonesian Islam and muslims are compatible not only with democracy but also with global popular culture. In addition, the presence of Fatin is a symbol of young Indonesian muslims who already connect globally. Whatever they consume in terms of popular culture is intrinsic to the creation of their hybrid identities, as both Indonesian muslims and global citizens.<br />[Televisi, musik, film, dan bands merupakan bagian dari budaya popular dunia dan selalu dipandang sebagai produk “barat”. Karenanya, media ini sering dianggap sebagai ancaman bagi identitas nasional, budaya lokal, dan kelompok agama. Namun, dalam konteks keindonesiaan, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) memberikan dukungan kepada Fatin Sidqia Lubis dalam kompetisi menyanyi “Indonesian X Factor” Tahun 2013. Tulisan ini mencoba menelisik kemunculan Fatin sebagai pemenang “Indonesian X Factor” dan tanggapan masyarakat mengenai budaya pop Islam di Indonesia. Melalui artikel ini penulis berpendapat bahwa kehadiran budaya pop di Indonesia dalam berbagai buku, novel, film, serta pakaian menunjukkan bahwa Islam dan masyarakat Islam di Indonesia tidak hanya sejalan dengan demokrasi, tetapi juga dengan budaya pop dunia. Lebih dari itu, Fatin adalah simbol muslim muda Indonesia yang telah terhubung dengan dunia. Apa pun yang mereka nikmati dalam hal budaya pop telah menciptakan identitas ganda: sebagai muslim Indonesia sekaligus sebagai warga dunia.]</p>
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Saenal. "Upaya Melestarikan Budaya Indonesia di Era Globalisasi." Ad-Dariyah: Jurnal Dialektika, Sosial dan Budaya 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55623/ad.v1i1.25.

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The era of globalization can lead to changes in the lifestyle of a more modern society. As a result, people tend to choose a new culture that is considered more practical and simpler than the local culture. One of the factors that cause local culture to be forgotten in the present is; lack of future generations who have an interest in learning and inheriting their own culture. Therefore, this article aims to describe the efforts to maintain Indonesia culture in the era of globalization. According to Malinowski, higher and more active cultures will influence lower and passive cultures through culture contact.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Culture in Indonesia"

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Jones, Tod. "Indonesian cultural policy, 1950-2003: culture, institutions, government." Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/403.

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This thesis examines official cultural policy in Indonesia, focussing on the cultural policy of the national governments from 1950 until 2003. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s writings about government and debates about cultural policy in Cultural Studies, the study proposes that the features of cultural policy in Indonesia are primarily determined by the changing ways that the state has put culture to work in its versions of modern governance. Part I of the thesis provides a history of official cultural policy, including a background chapter on the late colonial era and the Japanese occupation. Although contemporary cultural policy was first articulated within Western liberal democracies to shape self-governing national citizens, the Dutch colonial cultural policy differed in that it assumed indigenous subjects had reduced capacities and focussed on managing ethnic populations. The cultural policies of subsequent governments maintained the twin imperatives of ‘improving’ individuals and managing populations, but with different understandings of both imperatives. While a more autonomous subject was assumed during Constitutional Democracy, Guided Democracy exercised greater state guidance as part of Sukarno’s mobilisation of the population behind his political program. Cultural policy during the New Order era rejected Sukarno’s ‘politicisation’ of culture, replaced ‘improvement’ with ‘development’ and further strengthened the role of the state in providing cultural guidance, a move justified by designating Indonesians backward by modern standards.The Japanese administration was the first government to address a national population. Relations among indigenous ethnic populations and between ethnicity and the nation were addressed in cultural policy from 1956 and were central to cultural policy throughout the New Order era. Part II of the thesis consists of two case studies of cultural programs in the New Order and Reform eras: (1) the arts councils and cultural parks and (2) a cultural research project. It explores New Order centralism, demonstrating the heterogeneity between different levels of the state and how governmental goals imbued particular practices and objects with special significance and meaning by constructing them as culture. Cultural policy in the post-Suharto period is addressed in both Parts I and II. While the practices of the New Order era are generally continuing, decentralisation created the possibility of a plurality of cultural policies across Indonesia, as lower levels of government are responsible for administering cultural policy. Decentralisation could result in a more participatory cultural policy as more cultural practices are addressed or a narrowing of cultural policy if conservative ethnic identity politics drives changes.
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Jones, Tod. "Indonesian Cultural policy, 1950-2003 : culture, institutions, government /." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Media and Information, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16663.

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This thesis examines official cultural policy in Indonesia, focussing on the cultural policy of the national governments from 1950 until 2003. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s writings about government and debates about cultural policy in Cultural Studies, the study proposes that the features of cultural policy in Indonesia are primarily determined by the changing ways that the state has put culture to work in its versions of modern governance. Part I of the thesis provides a history of official cultural policy, including a background chapter on the late colonial era and the Japanese occupation. Although contemporary cultural policy was first articulated within Western liberal democracies to shape self-governing national citizens, the Dutch colonial cultural policy differed in that it assumed indigenous subjects had reduced capacities and focussed on managing ethnic populations. The cultural policies of subsequent governments maintained the twin imperatives of ‘improving’ individuals and managing populations, but with different understandings of both imperatives. While a more autonomous subject was assumed during Constitutional Democracy, Guided Democracy exercised greater state guidance as part of Sukarno’s mobilisation of the population behind his political program. Cultural policy during the New Order era rejected Sukarno’s ‘politicisation’ of culture, replaced ‘improvement’ with ‘development’ and further strengthened the role of the state in providing cultural guidance, a move justified by designating Indonesians backward by modern standards.
The Japanese administration was the first government to address a national population. Relations among indigenous ethnic populations and between ethnicity and the nation were addressed in cultural policy from 1956 and were central to cultural policy throughout the New Order era. Part II of the thesis consists of two case studies of cultural programs in the New Order and Reform eras: (1) the arts councils and cultural parks and (2) a cultural research project. It explores New Order centralism, demonstrating the heterogeneity between different levels of the state and how governmental goals imbued particular practices and objects with special significance and meaning by constructing them as culture. Cultural policy in the post-Suharto period is addressed in both Parts I and II. While the practices of the New Order era are generally continuing, decentralisation created the possibility of a plurality of cultural policies across Indonesia, as lower levels of government are responsible for administering cultural policy. Decentralisation could result in a more participatory cultural policy as more cultural practices are addressed or a narrowing of cultural policy if conservative ethnic identity politics drives changes.
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Kitley, Philip Thomas. "Television, nation and culture in Indonesia." Thesis, Kitley, Philip Thomas (1998) Television, nation and culture in Indonesia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50597/.

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This account of relations between television, nation and culture presents the first detailed study of television in Indonesia. The thesis traces developments in the use and reception of television in Indonesia from its beginnings in 1962 to a time when it is poised on the edge of a global revolution in electronic communications. This has implications for the regulation of television, its use as a normative influence in the fashioning of national culture, and the continued relevance of the idea of the nation as a territorially limited, sovereign, imagined community. Accordingly the thesis has been divided into two parts which correspond to the period when television was a state monopoly, and the period of deregulation when five national commercial channels were added to the two government channels. Part I examines historical processes of using television to shape national culture in line with official national development and the cultural objectives of Indonesia’s New Order. These processes are examined in five chapters which analyse the history of state involvement in television, changing conceptions of the audience, and three generic case studies: a popular children's program, a soap opera, and the national news. Each of these chapters examines the inscribed construct of the idealised Indonesian subject. Part II of the thesis discusses the global dispersal of new television technologies and their impact on the mediation of the national culture project. It is argued that the incursion of foreign cultural products led to the introduction of commercial television as a way of domesticating the global. Deregulation of the television sector has opened up increased opportunities for citizens to contribute to media policy and regulation and has fragmented representations of Indonesian subjectivity. The thesis concludes that the scope and content of domestic programming is likely to become an important site of cultural and political struggle in the years ahead.
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Majani, Saiful. "Religious democrats: democratic culture and Muslim political participation in post-Suharto Indonesia." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054572222.

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Firzal, Yohannes. "Reconstructing socio-cultural identity : Malay culture and architecture in Pekanbaru, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2989.

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Identity can be changed and reconstructed. Thus, it is seen as capable of supporting dynamic changes in real life through the transformation of practices and the articulation of social relations. This study examines how the reconstruction of identity of place is affected by culture and cultural production, and is an unfixed, unfinished and varying process that affects both the place and society. Particularly concomitant with shifts of power, the reconstruction attempts to impose one group’s values over those of other groups in cultural life and social transformation. Despite forming only one‐fifth of the population of the Indonesian city of Pekanbaru, Malay people have emerged as a group who have held important positions in both local government and urban society since 2000. This makes Pekanbaru city an intriguing research case. After more than a decade, the implementation of the group’s has led to visible changes in the city. This can be seen in the use of Malay architectural motifs on buildings, and the introduction of ‘new’ traditions to establish the madani city, which develops physically, socially and in the spirit of Malayness. By using a qualitative approach, this study investigates the influence of Malay culture in Pekanbaru city. The field data can be grouped into three types: physical evidence, people’s interpretations, and archive data collected using a range of methods such as observation, semi‐structured interviews, testimonies, and group discussions. The data are analysed and interpreted within an iterative process to expand understanding of the processes of reconstructing identity. Thus, this study affirms a wide range of thought about connections between the culture and identity of place which is identified through architecture and sociocultural change in urban society. In turn, this study offers particular insights into how identity on the margins becomes an exclusive set of collective identities.
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Elmhirst, Rebecca Jane. "Gender, environment and culture : political ecology of transmigration in Indonesia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8414.

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Kettunen, V. (Virve). "Managing international partner opportunism:roles of trust and culture in Indonesia." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201503121153.

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International partnering is an attractive internationalisation vehicle and one of the main concerns when managing international partnerships is opportunism. Opportunism is self-interest seeking behaviour which aims to gain benefit at the cost of the partner. In international partnerships the cultural differences complicate the management of the partnership and induce opportunistic behaviour. This study aims to get a better insight of international opportunism and its management. There are both formal and relational governance mechanisms to curb opportunism, and in this paper the relational governance mechanism of trust is investigated, as previous research indicated trust to be the most efficient governance mechanism in international partnerships with high environmental uncertainty. Furthermore the impact of culture on opportunism and trust building were the main interests. These issues were studied in Western-Indonesian partnerships, the focus on managing Indonesian partner opportunism from the Western firm’s viewpoint. This is a qualitative multiple case study, which aims to get a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of international partner opportunism. Data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with relevant representatives of the Western companies partnering with Indonesian firms. Data was coded and analysed accordingly. It was found that for managing foreign partner opportunism in Indonesia relationship building and trust are essential factors. Relationship building requires a lot of socializing and rather informal business relationships. Cultural differences impact both opportunism and the building process of a trustful relationship notably. The main elements noted in the Indonesian culture were differences in values, communication style and mind-sets. These aspects affect and complicate the process of building trust and good quality relationship, besides affecting the level of opportunism. Managers should acknowledge these elements of cultural differences and find ways to mitigate their unfavourable effects. This study contributes to research by offering a qualitative study on international opportunism and this way enriching the knowledge of the subject. Especially pointing out the critical elements of culture regarding opportunism and trust building truly enhances the current research. The contributions can be used to guide Western managers aiming to develop a partnership in South-East Asia.
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Mujani, Saiful. "Religious democrats: democratic culture and Muslim political participation in post-Suharto Indonesia." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1054572222.

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Azeharie, Suzy. "Representations of women in Femina: An Indonesian women's magazine." Thesis, Azeharie, Suzy (1997) Representations of women in Femina: An Indonesian women's magazine. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1997. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/193/.

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Since the advent of the women's movement, the mass media and literary classics have become targets for intensive scrutiny by some feminists who are concerned with the role and influence the media and literature play in promoting a gendered society. This thesis, focuses mainly on representations of Indonesian women as presented by the Jakarta-based women's magazine, femina. By analysing six articles that appeared in the magazine from the 1970s to the 1990s, representations of gender relationships have been highlighted. Shaped dominantly by Islamic beliefs, and the Javanese values, which consist of a syncretic blend of Animist, Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic beliefs, contemporary Indonesian society is dominated by a strong political state and patriarchal value system which downgrades women. Resulting from the political changes introduced by the New Order, there has been a pivotal transformation of Indonesian women's organisations. The regime strongly encourages wives' organisations, despite the full equality guaranteed to men and women by the 1945 Constitution. It is demanded of Indonesian women that their foremost duties are their motherly and wifely roles. The influence of the priyayi, the Javanese elite, who believe that woman's destiny is primarily centred on her role as wife and mother, is partially responsible for the continuing influence of this ideal and the way it subordinates women to men. The religious traditions are also not without considerable influence in this area. These values can be found in the articles examined. Further, the thesis investigates attitudes to women who work outside the home, the double burden that they carry, and any changes in the representations of women and gender relations over the twenty years as revealed infemina.
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Azeharie, Suzy. "Representations of women in Femina : an Indonesian women's magazine." Murdoch University, 1997. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071212.113330.

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Since the advent of the women's movement, the mass media and literary classics have become targets for intensive scrutiny by some feminists who are concerned with the role and influence the media and literature play in promoting a gendered society. This thesis, focuses mainly on representations of Indonesian women as presented by the Jakarta-based women's magazine, femina. By analysing six articles that appeared in the magazine from the 1970s to the 1990s, representations of gender relationships have been highlighted. Shaped dominantly by Islamic beliefs, and the Javanese values, which consist of a syncretic blend of Animist, Hindu, Buddhist and Islamic beliefs, contemporary Indonesian society is dominated by a strong political state and patriarchal value system which downgrades women. Resulting from the political changes introduced by the New Order, there has been a pivotal transformation of Indonesian women's organisations. The regime strongly encourages wives' organisations, despite the full equality guaranteed to men and women by the 1945 Constitution. It is demanded of Indonesian women that their foremost duties are their motherly and wifely roles. The influence of the priyayi, the Javanese elite, who believe that woman's destiny is primarily centred on her role as wife and mother, is partially responsible for the continuing influence of this ideal and the way it subordinates women to men. The religious traditions are also not without considerable influence in this area. These values can be found in the articles examined. Further, the thesis investigates attitudes to women who work outside the home, the double burden that they carry, and any changes in the representations of women and gender relations over the twenty years as revealed infemina.
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Books on the topic "Culture in Indonesia"

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Barbara, Hall, ed. Culture shock! Indonesia. 2nd ed. London: Kuperard, 1991.

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Draine, Cathie. Culture shock!: Indonesia. Portland, Or: Graphic Arts Center Pub. Co., 1990.

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Bacon, Derek. Culture shock! Portland, Or: Graphic Arts Center Pub. Co., 1999.

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1960-, Goodfellow Rob, ed. Indonesian business culture. Singapore: BH Asia, 1997.

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Hollan, Douglas Wood. Contentment and suffering: Culture and experience in Toraja. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.

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Constituting the Minangkabau: Peasants, culture, and modernity in colonial Indonesia. Providence, RI: Berg, 1993.

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Tineke, Hellwig, and Tagliacozzo Eric, eds. The Indonesia reader: History, culture, politics. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.

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Singgih, Emmanuel Gerrit. Doing theology in Indonesia: Sketches for an Indonesian contextual theology. Deresan, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius, 2003.

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T, Hill David, ed. Media, culture, and politics in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Pub., 2007.

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The culture of business in Indonesia. [Toronto]: Gateway Books, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Culture in Indonesia"

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Woodward, Mark. "Yogyakarta: Religion, Culture and Nationality." In Java, Indonesia and Islam, 1–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0056-7_1.

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Heryanto, Ariel. "Popular culture and identity politics." In Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Indonesia, 357–68. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315628837-29.

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Spiller, Henry, and Elizabeth A. Clendinning. "Music and Culture in Southeast Asia." In Focus: Gamelan Music of Indonesia, 23–38. 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003014836-3.

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Anderson, Benedict R. O'G. "The Idea of Power in Javanese Culture." In Culture and Politics in Indonesia, 1–70. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501743900-006.

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Lev, Daniel S. "Judicial Institutions and Legal Culture in Indonesia." In Culture and Politics in Indonesia, 246–318. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501743900-010.

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Siegel, James. "Preface." In Culture and Politics in Indonesia, ix—xii. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501743900-004.

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Landry, Lionel. "Foreword." In Culture and Politics in Indonesia, xiii—xvi. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501743900-005.

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Kartodirdjo, Sartono. "Agrarian Radicalism in Java: Its Setting and Development." In Culture and Politics in Indonesia, 71–125. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501743900-007.

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Liddle, R. William. "Ethnicity and Political Organization: Three East Sumatran Cases." In Culture and Politics in Indonesia, 126–78. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501743900-008.

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Abdullah, Taufik. "Modernization in the Minangkabau World: West Sumatra in the Early Decades of the Twentieth Century." In Culture and Politics in Indonesia, 179–245. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501743900-009.

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Conference papers on the topic "Culture in Indonesia"

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Saputri, Herlina Muryan. "Indonesian Culture-Based Comic for Teaching Young Learners in Indonesia." In The 2nd International Conference 2017 on Teaching English for Young Learners (TEYLIN). Badan Penerbit Universitas Muria Kudus, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/03.3201.15.

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Agustina, H. "Bureaucracy Culture in Public Service in Indonesia." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Management, Business, Applied Science, Engineering and Sustainability Development, ICMASES 2019, 9-10 February 2019, Malang, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.3-8-2019.2290726.

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Mukartono, Ali, Hartiwiningsih, and Muhammad Rustamaji. "The Development of Corruption in Indonesia (is Corruption a Culture of Indonesia?)." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Globalization of Law and Local Wisdom (ICGLOW 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icglow-19.2019.36.

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Halid, Dr. "Shia Muslim In Indonesia: Intellectual Transmission and Spreading Patterns in Indonesia." In International Conference on Culture and Language in Southeast Asia (ICCLAS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icclas-17.2018.40.

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Azwar, Muhammad. "The Development of Indonesia One Search: Retrieving Information Resources in Indonesia." In International Conference on Culture and Language in Southeast Asia (ICCLAS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icclas-17.2018.5.

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Sudarsana, I. Ketut, Dian Rianita, Rianti Setyawasih, akbar Iskandar, Nurhasnah Manurung, Pandu Warsodirejo, Dharma Sari Harahap, and Yulia Ramadhani. "Culture As The Foundation of Education In Indonesia." In The 3rd International Conference on Advance & Scientific Innovation. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-6-2020.2300609.

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Pasteruk, Ilona. "Community Development in Indonesia: Contemporary Aspects of Culture." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.075.

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Bhagaskoro, Pradipto, Rommel Utungga Pasopati, and Mr Syarifuddin. "Consumption and Nationalism of Indonesia: Between Culture and Economy." In Third International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (ICSPS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsps-17.2018.45.

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Sibarani, Roza Marsaulina. "The Culture Styles of Management Consulting Industry in Indonesia." In The 2nd International Conference on Inclusive Business in the Changing World. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008428501430150.

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Ummah, Nurul, Mokhamad Najeh, and Tongat Tongat. "Transgender in Indonesia According to The Legal, Health and Culture Perspective." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2020, July 1st 2020, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-7-2020.2303651.

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Reports on the topic "Culture in Indonesia"

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Wilopo, Wahyu. Building a disaster-ready culture in Indonesia. Edited by Ria Ernunsari and Sara Phillips. Monash University, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/c045-7bbd.

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Arif, Sirojuddin, Rezanti Putri Pramana, Niken Rarasati, and Destina Wahyu Winarti. Nurturing Learning Culture among Teachers: Demand-Driven Teacher Professional Development and the Development of Teacher Learning Culture in Jakarta, Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/117.

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Despite the growing attention to the importance of learning culture among teachers in enhancing teaching quality, we lack systematic knowledge about how to build such a culture. Can demand-driven teacher professional development (TPD) enhance learning culture among teachers? To answer the question, we assess the implementation of the TPD reform in Jakarta, Indonesia. The province has a prolonged history of a top-down TPD system. The top-down system, where teachers can only participate in training based on assignment, has detached TPD activities from school ecosystems. Principals and teachers have no autonomy to initiate TPD activities based on the need to improve learning outcomes in their schools. This study observes changes in individual teachers related to TPD activities triggered by the reform. However, the magnitude of the changes varies depending on teachers’ skills, motivation, and leadership style. The study suggests that shifting a TPD system from top-down to bottom-up requires differentiated assistance catered to the school leaders’ and teachers’ capabilities.
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Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. The Role of District-Level Political Elites in Education Planning in Indonesia: Evidence from Two Districts. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/109.

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Focus on decentralisation as a way to improve service delivery has led to significant research on the processes of education-policy adoption and implementation at the district level. Much of this research has, however, focused on understanding the working of the district education bureaucracies and the impact of increased community participation on holding teachers to account. Despite recognition of the role of political elites in prioritising investment in education, studies examining this, especially at the district-government level, are rare. This paper explores the extent and nature of engagement of political elites in setting the education-reform agenda in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia: Karawang (urban district) and Purwakarta (rural district). The paper shows that for a country where the state schooling system faces a serious learning crisis, the district-level political elites do show considerable levels of engagement with education issues: governments in both districts under study allocate higher percentages of the district-government budget to education than mandated by the national legislation. However, the attitude of the political elites towards meeting challenges to the provision of good-quality education appears to be opportunistic and tokenistic: policies prioritised are those that promise immediate visibility and credit-taking, help to consolidate the authority of the bupati (the top political position in the district-government hierarchy), and align with the ruling party’s political positioning or ideology. A desire to appease growing community demand for investment in education rather than a commitment to improving learning outcomes seems to guide the process. Faced with public pressure for increased access to formal employment opportunities, the political elites in the urban district have invested in providing scholarships for secondary-school students to ensure secondary school completion, even though the district-government budget is meant for primary and junior secondary schools. The bupati in the rural district, has, on the other hand, prioritised investment in moral education; such prioritisation is in line with the community's preferences, but it is also opportunistic, as increased respect for tradition also preserves reverence for the post of the bupati—a position which was part of the traditional governance system before being absorbed into the modern democratic framework. The paper thus shows that decentralisation is enabling communities to make political elites recognise that they want the state to prioritise education, but that the response of the political elites remains piecemeal, with no evidence of a serious commitment to pursuing policies aimed at improving learning outcomes. Further, the paper shows that the political culture at the district level reproduces the problems associated with Indonesian democracy at the national level: the need for cross-party alliances to hold political office, and resulting pressure to share the spoils. Thus, based on the evidence from the two districts studied for this paper, we find that given the competitive and clientelist nature of political settlements in Indonesia, even the district level political elite do not seem pressured to prioritise policies aimed at improving learning outcomes.
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Lim, Delbert, Niken Rarasati, Florischa Ayu Tresnatri, and Arjuni Rahmi Barasa. Learning Loss or Learning Gain? A Potential Silver Lining to School Closures in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/041.

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Indonesian students have lagged behind their global peers since before the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the risk of significant loss and permanence of the phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries, along with the particularly lengthy period of school closure in Indonesia, this paper aims to give an insight into the discussion on student learning progress during school closures. We will present the impact of the closures on primary school students’ achievement in Bukittinggi, the third-largest city on the island of Sumatra and a highly urbanised area. The city has consistently performed well in most education-related measures due to a strong cultural emphasis on education and a supportive government (Nihayah et al., 2020), but has been significantly affected during the pandemic as most students are confined to their homes with very limited teacher-student interaction.
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INDASEA INC KULA HAWAII. A Window of Opportunity for Aceh, Indonesia Post-Tsunami: Historic Continuity, Current Points of Interest, and a Pattern. Output of the Cultural Simulation Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456976.

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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/5jchdy.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0001.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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Donaldson, Sarah. The Secret Life of the Cross-Cultural Fairy Tale: A Comparative Study of the Indonesian Folktale "Bawang Merah, Bawang Putih" and Three European Fairy Tales. Portland State University Library, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.105.

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Tull, Kerina. Social Inclusion and Immunisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.025.

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The current COVID-19 epidemic is both a health and societal issue; therefore, groups historically excluded and marginalised in terms of healthcare will suffer if COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments are to be delivered equitably. This rapid review is exploring the social and cultural challenges related to the roll-out, distribution, and access of COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments. It highlights how these challenges impact certain marginalised groups. Case studies are taken from sub-Saharan Africa (the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa), with some focus on South East Asia (Indonesia, India) as they have different at-risk groups. Lessons on this issue can be learned from previous pandemics and vaccine roll-out in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs). Key points to highlight include successful COVID-19 vaccine roll-out will only be achieved by ensuring effective community engagement, building local vaccine acceptability and confidence, and overcoming cultural, socio-economic, and political barriers that lead to mistrust and hinder uptake of vaccines. However, the literature notes that a lot of lessons learned about roll-out involve communication - including that the government should under-promise what it can do and then over-deliver. Any campaign must aim to create trust, and involve local communities in planning processes.
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Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. Community-Responsive Education Policies and the Question of Optimality: Decentralisation and District-Level Variation in Policy Adoption and Implementation in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/108.

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Decentralisation, or devolving authority to the third tier of government to prioritise specific policy reforms and manage their implementation, is argued to lead to pro-poor development for a number of reasons: local bureaucrats can better gauge the local needs, be responsive to community demands, and, due to physical proximity, can be more easily held accountable by community members. In the education sector, devolving authority to district government has thus been seen as critical to introducing reforms aimed at increasing access and improving learning outcomes. Based on fieldwork with district-level education bureaucracies, schools, and communities in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia, this article shows that decentralisation has indeed led to community-responsive policy-development in Indonesia. The district-level education bureaucracies in both districts did appear to prioritise community preferences when choosing to prioritise specific educational reforms from among many introduced by the national government. However, the optimality of these preferences could be questioned. The prioritised policies are reflective of cultural and religious values or immediate employment considerations of the communities in the two districts, rather than being explicitly focused on improving learning outcomes: the urban district prioritised degree completion, while the rural district prioritised moral education. These preferences might appear sub-optimal if the preference is for education bureaucracies to focus directly on improving literacy and numeracy outcomes. Yet, taking into account the socio-economic context of each district, it becomes easy to see the logic dictating these preferences: the communities and the district government officials are consciously prioritising those education policies for which they foresee direct payoffs. Since improving learning outcomes requires long-term commitment, it appears rational to focus on policies promising more immediate gains, especially when they aim, indirectly and implicitly, to improve actual learning outcomes. Thus, more effective community mobilisation campaigns can be developed if the donor agencies funding them recognise that it is not necessarily the lack of information but the nature of the local incentive structures that shapes communities’ expectations of education. Overall, decentralisation is leading to more context-specific educational policy prioritisation in Indonesia, resulting in the possibility of significant district-level variation in outcomes. Further, looking at the school-level variation in each district, the paper shows that public schools ranked as high performing had students from more privileged socio-economic backgrounds and were catering for communities that had more financial resources to support activities in the school, compared with schools ranked as low performing. Thus, there is a gap to bridge within public schools and not just between public and private schools.
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