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Journal articles on the topic 'Culture-independent techniques'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Hirsch, Penny R., Tim H. Mauchline, and Ian M. Clark. "Culture-independent molecular techniques for soil microbial ecology." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42, no. 6 (June 2010): 878–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.02.019.

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2

Lazarevic, Vladimir, Katrine Whiteson, Nadia Gaïa, Yann Gizard, David Hernandez, Laurent Farinelli, Magne Østerås, Patrice François, and Jacques Schrenzel. "Analysis of the salivary microbiome using culture-independent techniques." Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics 2, no. 1 (2012): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2043-9113-2-4.

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3

Vaughn, Andrew, Courtney Shaver, and David Clark. "Association Between Culture and Culture-Independent Microtyping in Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 98, no. 2 (February 2019): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561318823371.

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Background: Many different etiologies have been proposed to be responsible for the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis, including dysbiosis of the sinus microbiome. Attempts have recently been made to identify a pathogenic organism via advanced culture mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to use culture-dependent and culture-independent means of microtyping to determine whether any association exists between the quantity and quality of bacteria identified in patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients with a history of revision sinus surgery and persistent symptoms who underwent endoscopically directed culture and underwent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA of bacteria and fungi from February 1, 2014, to January 1, 2017. A total of 21 patients met the inclusion criteria. Medical records were reviewed to determine the number of bacterial isolates and relative abundance of bacteria and fungi on culture and polymerase chain reaction. Results: Using culture-independent techniques of examining purulent secretions in patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis, an average of 3.61 isolates were identified per specimen, compared with culture-dependent methods that revealed 2.10 isolates per specimen ( P < .05). The dominant species identified on each culture was rarely the most abundant species identified using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Conclusions: Traditional culture methodologies may fail to identify potential pathogens or the dominant pathogen in patients with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with acute exacerbations.

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4

Willner, Dana, and Phil Hugenholtz. "Metagenomics and Community Profiling: Culture-Independent Techniques in the Clinical Laboratory." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 35, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2012.12.001.

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5

Knight, Stephen T., Vernon R. Neece, and Donald J. Witt. "Rapid culture-independent techniques for quantitation of Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies." Journal of Microbiological Methods 10, no. 4 (December 1989): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(89)90013-4.

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6

Andorrà, Imma, Sara Landi, Albert Mas, José M. Guillamón, and Braulio Esteve-Zarzoso. "Effect of oenological practices on microbial populations using culture-independent techniques." Food Microbiology 25, no. 7 (October 2008): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2008.05.005.

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7

Martinez, M. F., P. J. Shand, and D. R. Korber. "Evaluation of microbial dynamics on low-sodium bologna using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques." Meat Science 96, no. 1 (January 2014): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.048.

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8

Afianti, Nur Fitriah, and Yeti Darmayati. "PENDEKATAN CULTURE INDEPENDENT UNTUK ANALISIS KOMUNITAS BAKTERI." OSEANA 42, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.1.34.

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CULTURE INDEPENDENT APPROACH FOR BACTERIAL COMMUNITY ANALYSIS. Analysis of bacterial community can be through two approaches, through cultivation (culture dependent) and without cultivation (culture independent). Culture dependent approach is conventional method which only covered few bacteria because not all bacteria could be cultured. Culture independent approach with molecular techniques based on DNA communities can provide more information about the structure and diversity of bacteria in nature, both culturable bacteria and unculturable bacteria. 16S rRNA gene is commonly target gene used in bacterial communities analysis. Other specific target genes also being developed for specific groups of bacteria. Several methods are developed for the analysis of molecular markers 16S rRNA or other specific genes, including Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (TRFLP), and Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP).

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9

Pearce, D. A., C. J. Gast, B. Lawley, and J. C. Ellis-Evans. "Bacterioplankton community diversity in a maritime Antarctic lake, determined by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 45, no. 1 (July 2003): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6496(03)00110-7.

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10

Varela Villarreal, Jessica, Thomas Schwartz, and Ursula Obst. "Culture-independent techniques applied to food industry water surveillance — A case study." International Journal of Food Microbiology 141 (July 2010): S147—S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.03.001.

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11

Elshafie, A. E., S. N. Al-Bahry, Y. M. Al-Wahaibi, A. S. Al-Bemani, S. J. Joshi, R. Al-Maini, W. Al-Alawi, and M. Al-Mandhari. "Bacterial Diversity of Omani Oil Wells Using Culture Dependent and Independent Techniques." APCBEE Procedia 5 (2013): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.043.

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12

Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Mohammad Bahram, Iván Sánchez-Castro, Dong-Qin Dai, Kahandawa G. S. U. Ariyawansa, Udeni Jayalal, Nakarin Suwannarach, and Leho Tedersoo. "Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090703.

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Culture techniques are vital in both traditional and modern fungal taxonomy. Establishing sexual–asexual links and synanamorphs, extracting DNA and secondary metabolites are mainly based on cultures. However, it is widely accepted that a large number of species are not sporulating in nature while others cannot be cultured. Recent ecological studies based on culture-independent methods revealed these unculturable taxa, i.e., dark taxa. Recent fungal diversity estimation studies suggested that environmental sequencing plays a vital role in discovering missing species. However, Sanger sequencing is still the main approach in determining DNA sequences in culturable species. In this paper, we summarize culture-based and culture-independent methods in the study of ascomycetous taxa. High-throughput sequencing of leaf endophytes, leaf litter fungi and fungi in aquatic environments is important to determine dark taxa. Nevertheless, currently, naming dark taxa is not recognized by the ICN, thus provisional naming of them is essential as suggested by several studies.

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13

Ranjard, Lionel, Franck Poly, and Sylvie Nazaret. "Monitoring complex bacterial communities using culture-independent molecular techniques: application to soil environment." Research in Microbiology 151, no. 3 (April 2000): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-2508(00)00136-4.

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14

Urbano, R., B. Palenik, C. J. Gaston, and K. A. Prather. "Detection and phylogenetic analysis of coastal bioaerosols using culture dependent and independent techniques." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (August 12, 2010): 5931–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-5931-2010.

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Abstract. Bioaerosols are emerging as important yet poorly understood players in atmospheric processes. Microorganisms in the atmosphere have great potential to impact chemical and physical processes that influence global climateby participating in both ice nucleation and cloud droplet formation. The role of microorganisms in atmospheric processes is thought to be species-specific and, potentially, dependent on the viability of the cell; however, few simultaneous measurements of both parameters exist. Using a coastal pier monitoring site as a sampling platform to investigate the exchange of airborne microorganisms at the air-sea interface, culture independent (i.e. DNA clone libraries from filters) and culture dependent approaches (i.e. agar plates) were combined with 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene targeting to determine the microbial diversity. The results indicate that in these coastal air samples two fungal phyla, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, predominate among eukaryotes while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria predominate among bacteria. Furthermore, our culture dependent study verifies the viability of microbes from all four phyla detected through our culture independent study. Contrary to our expectations and despite oceanic air mass sources, common marine planktonic bacteria and phytoplankton were not abundantly found in our air samples indicating the potential importance of bioaerosols derived from beaches and/or coastal erosion processes.

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Urbano, R., B. Palenik, C. J. Gaston, and K. A. Prather. "Detection and phylogenetic analysis of coastal bioaerosols using culture dependent and independent techniques." Biogeosciences 8, no. 2 (February 10, 2011): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-301-2011.

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Abstract. Bioaerosols are emerging as important yet poorly understood players in atmospheric processes. Microorganisms can impact atmospheric chemistry through metabolic reactions and can potentially influence physical processes by participating in ice nucleation and cloud droplet formation. Microbial roles in atmospheric processes are thought to be species-specific and potentially dependent on cell viability. Using a coastal pier monitoring site as a sampling platform, culture-dependent (i.e. agar plates) and culture-independent (i.e. DNA clone libraries from filters) approaches were combined with 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene targeting to obtain insight into the local atmospheric microbial composition. From 13 microbial isolates and 42 DNA library clones, a total of 55 sequences were obtained representing four independent sampling events. Sequence analysis revealed that in these coastal samples two fungal phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, predominate among eukaryotes while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria predominate among bacteria. Furthermore, our culture-dependent study verifies the viability of microbes from all four phyla detected through our culture-independent study. Contrary to our expectations and despite oceanic air mass sources, common marine planktonic bacteria and phytoplankton were not typically found. The abundance of terrestrial and marine sediment-associated microorganisms suggests a potential importance for bioaerosols derived from beaches and/or coastal erosion processes.

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16

Shawkey, Matthew D., Kimberly L. Mills, Colin Dale, and Geoffrey E. Hill. "Microbial Diversity of Wild Bird Feathers Revealed throughCulture-Based and Culture-Independent Techniques." Microbial Ecology 50, no. 1 (July 2005): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0089-4.

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17

Santos, Fernando, Pablo Yarza, Víctor Parro, Inmaculada Meseguer, Ramon Rosselló-Móra, and Josefa Antón. "Culture-Independent Approaches for Studying Viruses from Hypersaline Environments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 6 (January 13, 2012): 1635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07175-11.

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ABSTRACTHypersaline close-to-saturation environments harbor an extremely high concentration of virus-like particles, but the number of haloviruses isolated so far is still very low. Haloviruses can be directly studied from natural samples by using different culture-independent techniques that include transmission electron microscopy, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and different metagenomic approaches. Here, we review the findings of these studies, with a main focus on the metagenomic approaches. The analysis of bulk viral nucleic acids directly retrieved from the environment allows estimations of viral diversity, activity, and dynamics and tentative host assignment. Results point to a diverse and active viral community in constant interplay with its hosts and to a “hypersalineness” quality common to viral assemblages present in hypersaline environments that are thousands of kilometers away from each other.

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18

Dickson, R. P., J. R. Erb-Downward, H. C. Prescott, F. J. Martinez, J. L. Curtis, V. N. Lama, and G. B. Huffnagle. "Analysis of Culture-Dependent versus Culture-Independent Techniques for Identification of Bacteria in Clinically Obtained Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 52, no. 10 (July 30, 2014): 3605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01028-14.

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19

Stressmann, Franziska A., Geraint B. Rogers, Samuel W. Chan, Peter H. Howarth, Philip G. Harries, Ken D. Bruce, and Rami J. Salib. "Characterization of Bacterial Community Diversity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Infections Using Novel Culture-independent Techniques." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 25, no. 4 (July 2011): e133-e140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3628.

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20

Salib, Rami, Franziska A. Stressman, Kenneth Bruce, Samuel Chan, Philip G. Harries, Peter Howarth, and Geraint B. Rogers. "Characterization of Bacterial Community Diversity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Infections Using Novel Culture-Independent Techniques." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, no. 2_suppl (August 2011): P117—P118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811416318a244.

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21

Li, Lili, Waleed Abu Al-Soud, Lasse Bergmark, Leise Riber, Lars H. Hansen, Jakob Magid, and Søren J. Sørensen. "Investigating the Diversity of Pseudomonas spp. in Soil Using Culture Dependent and Independent Techniques." Current Microbiology 67, no. 4 (May 16, 2013): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-013-0382-x.

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22

Andorrà, Imma, Sara Landi, Albert Mas, Braulio Esteve-Zarzoso, and José M. Guillamón. "Effect of fermentation temperature on microbial population evolution using culture-independent and dependent techniques." Food Research International 43, no. 3 (April 2010): 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.11.014.

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23

Liu, Xiaochang, Dongping Li, Kaifeng Li, and Yongkang Luo. "Monitoring bacterial communities in ε-Polylysine-treated bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) fillets using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques." Food Microbiology 76 (December 2018): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2018.06.001.

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24

Lin, Jyun-Hong, Zong-Yen Wu, Liang Gong, Chee-Hong Wong, Wen-Cheng Chao, Chun-Ming Yen, Ching-Ping Wang, Chia-Lin Wei, Yao-Ting Huang, and Po-Yu Liu. "Complex Microbiome in Brain Abscess Revealed by Whole-Genome Culture-Independent and Culture-Based Sequencing." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030351.

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Brain abscess is a severe infectious disease with high mortality and mobility. Although culture-based techniques have been widely used for the investigation of microbial composition of brain abscess, these approaches are inherent biased. Recent studies using 16S ribosomal sequencing approaches revealed high complexity of the bacterial community involved in brain abscess but fail to detect fungal and viral composition. In the study, both culture-independent nanopore metagenomic sequencing and culture-based whole-genome sequencing using both the Illumina and the Nanopore platforms were conducted to investigate the microbial composition and genomic characterization in brain abscess. Culture-independent metagenomic sequencing revealed not only a larger taxonomic diversity of bacteria but also the presence of fungi and virus communities. The culture-based whole-genome sequencing identified a novel species in Prevotella and reconstructs a Streptococcus constellatus with a high GC-skew genome. Antibiotic-resistance genes CfxA and ErmF associated with resistance to penicillin and clindamycin were also identified in culture-based and culture-free sequencing. This study implies current understanding of brain abscess need to consider the broader diversity of microorganisms.

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25

Jara, Carla, Estibaliz Mateo, José-Manuel Guillamón, Albert Mas, and María-Jesús Torija. "Analysis of acetic acid bacteria by different culture-independent techniques in a controlled superficial acetification." Annals of Microbiology 63, no. 1 (March 28, 2012): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13213-012-0450-7.

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26

Williamson, Kurt E., K. Eric Wommack, and Mark Radosevich. "Sampling Natural Viral Communities from Soil for Culture-Independent Analyses." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 11 (November 2003): 6628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.11.6628-6633.2003.

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ABSTRACT An essential first step in investigations of viruses in soil is the evaluation of viral recovery methods suitable for subsequent culture-independent analyses. In this study, four elution buffers (10% beef extract, 250 mM glycine buffer, 10 mM sodium pyrophosphate, and 1% potassium citrate) and three enumeration techniques (plaque assay, epifluorescence microscopy [EFM], and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) were compared to determine the best method of extracting autochthonous bacteriophages from two Delaware agricultural soils. Beef extract and glycine buffer were the most effective in eluting viable phages inoculated into soils (up to 29% recovery); however, extraction efficiency varied significantly with phage strain. Potassium citrate eluted the highest numbers of virus-like particles from both soils based on enumerations by EFM (mean, 5.3 × 108 g of dry soil−1), but specific soil-eluant combinations posed significant problems to enumeration by EFM. Observations of virus-like particles under TEM gave confidence that the particles were, in fact, phages, but TEM enumerations yielded measurements of phage abundance (mean, 1.5×108 g of dry soil−1) that were about five times lower. Clearly, the measurement of phage abundance in soils varies with both the extraction and enumeration methodology; thus, it is important to assess multiple extraction and enumeration approaches prior to undertaking ecological studies of phages in a particular soil.

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Yi, S., J. H. Tay, A. M. Maszenan, and S. T. L. Tay. "A culture-independent approach for studying microbial diversity in aerobic granules." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0068.

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This study reports the use of ribosomal-based molecular techniques to study the microbial diversity in aerobic granules. Aerobic granules at different growth stages (young, mature and old) were obtained from a laboratory scale sequential aerobic sludge blanket (SASB) bioreactor fed with glucose as the main source of carbon and energy. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the young, mature and old granules. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the Eubacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and three clone libraries were constructed, corresponding to each of the three growth stages. The microbial diversity in each clone library was assessed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). The results reveal that there was considerable diversity in each clone library and there were variations in microbial diversity among the three different clone libraries. This suggests a shift in the composition of the microbial communities. Microorganisms associated with 5 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types (A, B, C, D and E) appear to play an important role in the development of aerobic granules.

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28

Valera, Maria José, Maria Jesús Torija, Albert Mas, and Estibaliz Mateo. "Acetic acid bacteria from biofilm of strawberry vinegar visualized by microscopy and detected by complementing culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques." Food Microbiology 46 (April 2015): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2014.09.006.

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29

Kao-Kniffin, Jenny, Sarah M. Carver, and Antonio DiTommaso. "Advancing Weed Management Strategies Using Metagenomic Techniques." Weed Science 61, no. 2 (June 2013): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-12-00114.1.

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Global occurrences of herbicide resistant weed populations have increased the demand for development of new herbicides targeting novel mechanisms of action. Metagenomic approaches to natural drug discovery offer potential for isolating weed suppressive compounds from microorganisms. In past research, traditional techniques entailed isolating compounds from living organisms, whereas metagenomic approaches involve extracting fragments of DNA from soil and exploring for compounds of interest produced by the transformed hosts. Several herbicidal compounds have been isolated from soil bacteria through culturing methods and have led to the development of popular herbicides, such as glufosinate. In this review, we discuss the emergence of metagenomic approaches for weed management in the context of natural product discovery using traditional culture-dependent isolation and the more recent culture-independent methods. The same techniques can be used to isolate herbicide resistance genes. Adoption of metagenomic approaches in pest management research can lead to novel control strategies in cropping and landscape systems.

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30

Etchebehere, C., A. Cabezas, P. Dabert, and L. Muxí. "Evolution of the bacterial community during granules formation in denitrifying reactors followed by molecular, culture-independent techniques." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 6 (September 1, 2003): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0360.

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The microbial community in two acetate-fed denitrifying reactors, inoculated with methanogenic sludge, was monitored by 16S rDNA-based methods (SSCP and FISH). Both reactors converged to similar, stable communities. The predominant organisms belonged to the genera Thauera, Paracoccus and Denitrobacter, detected both by molecular and culture-based methods.

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31

Delgado-Viscogliosi, Pilar, Lydie Solignac, and Jean-Marie Delattre. "Viability PCR, a Culture-Independent Method for Rapid and Selective Quantification of Viable Legionella pneumophila Cells in Environmental Water Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 11 (April 10, 2009): 3502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02878-08.

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ABSTRACT PCR-based methods have been developed to rapidly screen for Legionella pneumophila in water as an alternative to time-consuming culture techniques. However, these methods fail to discriminate between live and dead bacteria. Here, we report a viability assay (viability PCR [v-PCR]) for L. pneumophila that combines ethidium monoazide bromide with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The ability of v-PCR to differentiate viable from nonviable L. pneumophila cells was confirmed with permeabilizing agents, toluene, or isopropanol. v-PCR suppressed more than 99.9% of the L. pneumophila PCR signal in nonviable cultures and was able to discriminate viable cells in mixed samples. A wide range of physiological states, from culturable to dead cells, was observed with 64 domestic hot-water samples after simultaneous quantification of L. pneumophila cells by v-PCR, conventional qPCR, and culture methods. v-PCR counts were equal to or higher than those obtained by culture and lower than or equal to conventional qPCR counts. v-PCR was used to successfully monitor in vitro the disinfection efficacy of heating to 70°C and glutaraldehyde and chlorine curative treatments. The v-PCR method appears to be a promising and rapid technique for enumerating L. pneumophila bacteria in water and, in comparison with conventional qPCR techniques used to monitor Legionella, has the advantage of selectively amplifying only viable cells.

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32

Azhari, Azhari. "Influence Behavior Toward Consumer Buying Decisions In House Type 36. Lagan Pangka Pekanbaru." International Journal of Social Science and Business 1, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v1i1.10160.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the factor of cultural, social, personal and psychological Influential Home Buying Decision Against Type 36 PT. Lagan PangkaPekanbaru. Data analysis technique using multiple linear regression analysis. The samples used were 58 respondents with accidental sampling technique. Data collection techniques by questionnaire. Based on the results of this study concluded that the factor of cultural, social, personal and psychological significantly influence the purchase decision Houses Type 36 PT. Lagan PangkaPekanbaru. Test the correlation coefficient (R) independent variable on the dependent variable are very strong closeness of 0.951 and a contribution of independent variables on the dependent variable (R2) was 89,70%Keywords : Factor Culture, Social, Personal, Psychological and Purchase Decision

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33

He, Cai, Xiaoning Nan, Zhengqing Zhang, and Menglou Li. "Composition and Diversity Analysis of the Gut Bacterial Community of the Oriental Armyworm,Mythimna separata,Determined by Culture-Independent and Culture-Dependent Techniques." Journal of Insect Science 13, no. 165 (December 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.013.16501.

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34

Li, Huan, Qiuping Zhong, Stephan Wirth, Weiwei Wang, Yaotong Hao, Shangong Wu, Hong Zou, Wenxiang Li, and Guitang Wang. "Diversity of autochthonous bacterial communities in the intestinal mucosa of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) (Valenciennes) determined by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques." Aquaculture Research 46, no. 10 (January 27, 2014): 2344–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.12391.

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35

Zeng, Yonghui, Ying Ma, Chaoling Wei, Nianzhi Jiao, Kunxian Tang, Zaohe Wu, and Jichang Jian. "Bacterial diversity in various coastal mariculture ponds in Southeast China and in diseased eels as revealed by culture and culture-independent molecular techniques." Aquaculture Research 41, no. 9 (August 2010): e172-e186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02499.x.

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36

Orcutt, K. M., U. Rasmussen, E. A. Webb, J. B. Waterbury, K. Gundersen, and B. Bergman. "Characterization of Trichodesmium spp. by Genetic Techniques." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 5 (May 2002): 2236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2236-2245.2002.

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ABSTRACT The genetic diversity of Trichodesmium spp. from natural populations (off Bermuda in the Sargasso Sea and off North Australia in the Arafura and Coral Seas) and of culture isolates from two regions (Sargasso Sea and Indian Ocean) was investigated. Three independent techniques were used, including a DNA fingerprinting method based on a highly iterated palindrome (HIP1), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of a hetR fragment, and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the 16S-23S rDNA region. Low genetic diversity was observed in natural populations of Trichodesmium spp. from the two hemispheres. Culture isolates of Trichodesmium thiebautii, Trichodesmium hildebrandtii, Trichodesmium tenue, and Katagnymene spiralis displayed remarkable similarity when these techniques were used, suggesting that K. spiralis is very closely related to the genus Trichodesmium. The largest genetic variation was found between Trichodesmium erythraeum and all other species of Trichodesmium, including a species of Katagnymene. Our data obtained with all three techniques suggest that there are two major clades of Trichodesmium spp. The HIP1 fingerprinting and ITS sequence analyses allowed the closely related species to be distinguished. This is the first report of the presence of HIP1 in marine cyanobacteria.

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37

Papilaya, Frans. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE ORGANIZATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE." JURNAL ILMU EKONOMI & SOSIAL 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/jies.v6i1.82.

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This study aims to determine the influence of the characteristics For culture organizational on employee performance PDAM Merauke.dengan using data analysis technique in which quantitative techniques are used to test the effect of independent variables and the dependent variable.The statistical method used is to use simple regression: The formula used is Y = a + b1x1 + b2X2 + b3X3 + b4X4 + b5X5 + e. The technique of data processing is done is composed of six variables. The sixth variable is adopted from instruments that are formulated using scoring techniques. Scoring techniques in this study is "Likert scale" of scale associated with a statement about a person's attitude towards something (Kinner in Umar, 2008). Through the Likert scale, measured variables are translated into indikatot variables, hereinafter used as a starting point in preparing the items that can be a statement or a question.There is a significant influence of variable X to variable Y of 0.617 or 61.7%. It was concluded that if the variable X is high then lead to higher performance, and vice versa if the variable X is getting low, the resulting performance of employees will also be low. Based on the analysis of data obtained about the characteristics of organizational culture on employee performance in PDAM Merauke, it can be concluded that: Variable X1, X2, X3, and X4 positive and significant impact on the variable Y, and variable X5 but not significant positive effect on the variable Y, this can be seen that the value X5 by 0.264> 0.05

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Francis, Rania, Bernard La Scola, and Jacques YB Khalil. "Coculture at the crossroads of the new microbiology techniques for the isolation of strict intracellular bacteria." Future Microbiology 15, no. 4 (March 2020): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0228.

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Coculture played a major role in clinical microbiology by elucidating strict intracellular bacteria era. Since some of these bacteria are human pathogens, in-depth studies at the strain level are necessary to better understand their pathologies and treatment. Over the last decades, culture-independent tools have taken over the diagnostic procedure at the expense of coculture. These tools, although proven to be rapid and efficient, cannot overcome the need to culture the bacteria, as strain isolation remains a key factor to understanding its epidemiology, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Moreover, strain availability allows the development of molecular and serological tools, and remains crucial for taxonomy. This review revisits the current status of culture, its advantages, drawbacks and future needs.

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Tanaka, Reiji, Masashi Ootsubo, Tomoo Sawabe, Yoshio Ezura, and Kenichi Tajima. "Biodiversity and in situ abundance of gut microflora of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) determined by culture-independent techniques." Aquaculture 241, no. 1-4 (November 2004): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.08.032.

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Yadav, A. K., S. Vardhan, S. Kashyap, M. Yandigeri, and D. K. Arora. "Actinomycetes Diversity among rRNA Gene Clones and Cellular Isolates from Sambhar Salt Lake, India." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/781301.

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The vertical stratification of actinomycetes diversity in Sambhar salt lake (India’s largest salt lake) was investigated by using cultivable and uncultivable approaches. The isolates from cultured approaches were clustered on the basis of cultural, morphological, biochemical, and cell wall characteristics, and results were further strengthened by 16S rDNA-RFLP into five major groups. 16S rDNA sequencing of the representative isolates from each clusters was identified as belonging toStreptomyces, Actinopolyspora, Microbispora, Saccharopolyspora, andActinoplanesgenera, while culture independent group was established asStreptomyces(130 clones, 20 OTUs),Micromonospora(96 clones, 7 OTUs),Streptosporangium(79 clones, 9 OTUs),Thermomonospora(46 clones, 8 OTUs), andDactylosporangium(58 clones, 8 OTUs). The diversity assessment using Shannon and Wiener index was found to be 1.55, 1.52, 1.55, and 1.49 from surface lake water, at depth of 1.5 m, shallow layer of water with algal population, and finally at depth of 2.5 m, respectively. We observed diversity in terms of the species richness asStreptomycesis dominant genus in both culture dependent and culture independent techniques followed byMicrobispora(culture dependent methods) andMicromonospora(culture independent method) genera, respectively.

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Gassiep, Ian, Delaney Burnard, Michelle J. Bauer, Robert E. Norton, and Patrick N. Harris. "Diagnosis of melioidosis: the role of molecular techniques." Future Microbiology 16, no. 4 (March 2021): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2020-0202.

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Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease with an estimated global burden of 4.64 million disability-adjusted life years per year. A major determinant related to poor disease outcomes is delay to diagnosis due to the fact that identification of the causative agent Burkholderia pseudomallei may be challenging. Over the last 25 years, advances in molecular diagnostic techniques have resulted in the potential for rapid and accurate organism detection and identification direct from clinical samples. While these methods are not yet routine in clinical practice, laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases is transitioning to culture-independent techniques. This review article aims to evaluate molecular methods for melioidosis diagnosis direct from clinical samples and discuss current and future utility and limitations.

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Lv, Xu-Cong, Zhi-Chao Chen, Rui-Bo Jia, Zhi-Bin Liu, Wen Zhang, Shao-Jun Chen, Ping-Fan Rao, and Li Ni. "Microbial community structure and dynamics during the traditional brewing of Fuzhou Hong Qu glutinous rice wine as determined by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques." Food Control 57 (November 2015): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.054.

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Pangestika, Fahmida Yuga, and Setyo Yanuartuti. "Pembelajaran Mandiri Seni Tari Melalui Konten Youtube sebagai Inovasi Pembelajaran Masa Kini." Gondang: Jurnal Seni dan Budaya 4, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gondang.v4i2.18098.

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This paper aims to analyze the response of connoisseurs through independent learning through Ombyak Trimurti Dance through Youtube content that serves to hone dance skills and get to know other regional arts. Ombyak Trimurti dance uploaded by the channel of the Department of Tourism and Culture of East Java Province ‘Culture and Art’ is a creative dance originating from Ponorogo Regency, with its proud achievements, the dance received a positive response from elementary school to high school students. This makes researchers who are also the stylists of the Ombyak Trimurti dance very important to appreciate the responses of appreciators or students. Youtube content as an 'Learning Resource for Art' by presenting dance videos can do independent learning with mimicking or observing techniques. This study uses a qualitative approach and is supported by data in the form of dance videos that emphasize independent learning outcomes through imitation techniques. The conclusion of this study is the independent learning of dance through YouTube content which is the response of the community as connoisseurs of dance art from various circles provides inspiration that learning can be done anywhere with any learning resources and the presence of Youtube content is able to provide new insights and knowledge that is to know the special arts from other regions.

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Hoefel, Daniel, Paul T. Monis, Warwick L. Grooby, Stuart Andrews, and Christopher P. Saint. "Culture-Independent Techniques for Rapid Detection of Bacteria Associated with Loss of Chloramine Residual in a Drinking Water System." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 6479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.6479-6488.2005.

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ABSTRACT Chloramination is often the disinfection regimen of choice for extended drinking water systems. However, this process is prone to instability due to the growth of nitrifying bacteria. This is the first study to use alternative approaches for rapid investigation of chloraminated drinking water system instability in which flow cytometric cell sorting of bacteria with intact membranes (membrane-intact fraction) (BacLight kit) or with active esterases (esterase-active fraction) (carboxyfluorescein diacetate) was combined with 16S rRNA gene-directed PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). No active bacteria were detected when water left the water treatment plant (WTP), but 12 km downstream the chloramine residual had diminished and the level of active bacteria in the bulk water had increased to more than 1 × 105 bacteria ml−1. The bacterial diversity in the system was represented by six major DGGE bands for the membrane-intact fraction and 10 major DGGE bands for the esterase-active fraction. PCR targeting of the 16S rRNA gene of chemolithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and subsequent DGGE and DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of an active Nitrosospira-related species and Nitrosomonas cryotolerans in the system, but no AOB were detected in the associated WTP. The abundance of active AOB was then determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the amoA gene; 3.43 × 103 active AOB ml−1 were detected in the membrane-intact fraction, and 1.40 × 104 active AOB ml−1 were detected in the esterase-active fraction. These values were several orders of magnitude greater than the 2.5 AOB ml−1 detected using a routine liquid most-probable-number assay. Culture-independent techniques described here, in combination with existing chemical indicators, should allow the water industry to obtain more comprehensive data with which to make informed decisions regarding remedial action that may be required either prior to or during an instability event.

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Šuranská, Hana, Peter Raspor, Ksenija Uroić, Nataša Golić, Blaženka Kos, Sanja Mihajlović, Jelena Begović, Jagoda Šušković, Ljubiša Topisirović, and Neža Čadež. "Characterisation of the yeast and mould biota in traditional white pickled cheeses by culture-dependent and independent molecular techniques." Folia Microbiologica 61, no. 6 (March 30, 2016): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12223-016-0455-x.

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Brightwell, Gale, Robyn Clemens, Katharine Adam, Shelley Urlich, and Jackie Boerema. "Comparison of culture-dependent and independent techniques for characterisation of the microflora of peroxyacetic acid treated, vacuum-packaged beef." Food Microbiology 26, no. 3 (May 2009): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2008.12.010.

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Maturano, Y. Paola, M. Victoria Mestre, Mariana Combina, María Eugenia Toro, Fabio Vazquez, and Braulio Esteve-Zarzoso. "Culture-dependent and independent techniques to monitor yeast species during cold soak carried out at different temperatures in winemaking." International Journal of Food Microbiology 237 (November 2016): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.08.013.

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Viñas, Marc, Jordi Sabaté, Caterina Guasp, Jorge Lalucat, and Anna M. Solanas. "Culture-dependent and -independent approaches establish the complexity of a PAH-degrading microbial consortium." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 897–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-090.

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A microbial consortium (AM) obtained by sequential enrichment in liquid culture with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixture of three- and four-ringed PAHs as a sole source of carbon and energy was examined using a triple-approach method based on various cultivation strategies, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and the screening of 16S and 18S rRNA gene clone libraries. Eleven different sequences by culture-dependent techniques and seven by both DGGE and clone libraries were obtained. The comparison of three variable regions (V3–V5) of the 16S rRNA gene between the sequences obtained yielded 19 different microbial components. Proteobacteria were the dominant group, representing 83% of the total, while the Cytophaga–Flexibacter–Bacteroides group (CFB) was 11% and the Ascomycota fungi 6%. β-Proteobacteria were predominant in the DGGE and clone library methods, whereas they were a minority in culturable strains. The highest diversity and number of noncoincident sequences were achieved by the cultivation method that showed members of the α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria; CFB bacterial group; and Asco mycota fungi. Only six of the 11 strains isolated showed PAH-degrading capability. The bacterial strain (AMS7) and the fungal strain (AMF1), which were similar to Sphingomonas sp. and Fusarium sp., respectively, achieved the greatest PAH depletion. The results indicate that polyphasic assessment is necessary for a proper understanding of the composition of a microbial consortium.Key words: microbial consortium, microbial diversity, PAHs, DGGE, 16S rRNA gene.

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Suarthana, I. Ketut Putra, Ni Luh Putu Agustini K, and Widi Hardini. "The Impact of Social, Economic and Environment in Local Community Participation of Archeological Tourism Village Bedulu Gianyar, Bali." Journal of Business on Hospitality and Tourism 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v1i1.27.

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This study aims to measure the changes in the economic, socio-culture and community environment as the result of community participation at Bedulu tourism village activities. The activities of Bedulu tourist village involved the community in a various sector such as, economic, socio-culture and environment preservations. Quantitative descriptive method with quantitative regression analysis techniques applied in this research. The independent variable of this research is the local community participation (X), whereas the dependent variable consists with three economic impact (Y1), socio-culture (Y2), and environment (Y3). Purposive sampling technique conducted in order to explore the response of 50 respondents with tourism implementation impact in Bedulu tourism village. The sample consists of all local community participations and management in which involved with the tourism village. Findings to this research are the positive impact of the local community participation and significant effect on the change of economic, socio-culture and environmental preservation in Bedulu Tourism Village. The implication of this research is the incremental of local community participations in creative industries based on local community.

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Okpalanozie, Ogechukwu E., Sunday A. Adebusoye, Federica Troiano, Cristina Cattò, Matthew O. Ilori, and Francesca Cappitelli. "Assessment of indoor air environment of a Nigerian museum library and its biodeteriorated books using culture-dependent and –independent techniques." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 132 (August 2018): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.03.003.

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