Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Culture matérielle – Aspect social'
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Noblet, Jocelyn de. "Les Langages de la culture matérielle : évolution comparée de la forme des objets produits industriellement." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080737.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show that all man-made objects are endowed with a symbolic value of meaningful signifiance. When objects have been designed and produced, all their inherent contradictions have been revolved and they can be situated in their proper context, providing the keys to decode this contex are available. After analysing the origins of materail culture, the thesis seeks to define the implicit rules regulating the complex interactions between the technical and sybollic constraints. Which are the two essential ingrediants in the design of all products. A comparative analysis of material culture in the twenties (1919-1929) and the seventies eighties (1973-1990) highlihts the relationship between a civilization's dominant ideology and the objects it produces
Billiard, Elise. "Construire une cuisine et une identité nationales à Malte : discours et pratique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10058.
Full textCharpy, Manuel. "Le théâtre des objets. Espaces privés, culture matérielle et identité sociale. Paris, 1830-1914." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2007/document.
Full textThe study analyses the ways by which a social group consumed and produced a world of goods in order to shape its own social and cultural identity. With a view to reconstruct the social and cultural uses of things in a city which underwent deep commercial and spatial changes, the thesis identifies the nature and forms of the Parisian bourgeoisie’s consumption, through private and business archives. It studies how the bourgeois home was redefined in flat and in the growing city and how daily technology forged the bourgeoise’s private scenography and self-awareness. It studies then the material culture of 19th century Parisian bourgeoisie, understood as a set of signs and narratives designed by dealers and consumers, whilst industrialisation radically transformed the nature and hierarchy of materials and commodities. Finally, this work sheds light on phenomenons of imitation and distinction as social mobility increased and analyses how fashion trends came to being onto specific urban scenes, through the mediating role of taste legislators and the means of new forms of urban advertising
Roussel, Valérie. "La culture matérielle dans l'espace domestique : rupture et continuité identitaire chez des femmes autochtones à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26618.
Full textIn this master thesis, we are interested in the relationship between domestic material culture and the conception of the identity amongst Aboriginal women recently immigrated to Quebec City, an area of study that is attracting growing interest in a large number of disciplines. So far only a few studies have addressed these issues via observations on women in urban areas. We explore thus the universe of everyday objects of Aboriginal women in this place of solace, meditation and encounter with oneself which is the new city home. For these Aboriginal women in migration from rural to urban settings, domestic objects are important vectors of personal and collective identity. Through interviews, we try to understand the identity status of these objects, their arrangement in space, and the power and scope of their uses by Aboriginal women residing in Quebec City. The indigenous women we interviewed still keep most of their inherited traditional objects that carry with them the traditional Aboriginal values, such as sharing and non-competitiveness. These values are often in conflict with those of the dominant society, such as consumerism and individualism, which can gradually slowdown and disregard the recognition of Aboriginal heritage and self-identification process of these women. However, some women continue to use their traditional objects and to participate in traditional activities that represent a link with their aboriginal communities and values.
Baracca, Pierre. "La matérialité, une emblématique artistique : un mouvement long de Giotto aux installations, sociologie de l'art." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030129.
Full textThis sociological research deals with the social meaning of the sudden flow of objects into contemporary Western art that occurred about 1960, at the tail-end of a long-lasting process in the course of which objects were first introduced into religious imagery (Giotto), then became the subject of pictures (Still Lifes), finally to be presented in concrete form (as ready-mades, accumulations, installations). Introducing the notion of ‘artistic emblematics' as applied to materiality, will enable us to assimilate these artistic practices to social strategies for the positive appropriation of earthly life and for disenchanting the world (cf. M. Weber). This notion of ‘artistic emblematics' points, via that of resilience, to a vision of the artist as an active subject of the production and reception of art, by showing how she operates within social groups, institutions and socialization. This notion reopens the debate on the relationship of art with ideology, the use of economic metaphors (market, competition, goods) in the artistic field, and reception in concentric circles
Magrou, Marthe. "Technique et nature cultivée : entre symbolisme et pratiques agraires : approche anthropo-sociologique des épouvantails dans les champs : études en nord Nouvelle-Aquitaine." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20022/document.
Full textToday's farmers are « ultra-modern » gear and machine users. But in their fields, which are at the heart of what makes the economic strength of France (the second biggest cereal exporter in the world), they still use traditional scarecrows. This is the study of what seemed like a set of paradoxes in terms of appearance and symbolism. Purposefully distancing itself from the usual explanations about the agricultural social, and basing itself on a body of previous anthropological works, this study is about practices, their social origins and their consequences. The result is a set of analysis and findings allowing a reinterpretation of agricultural realities. Looking at it this way, the french agriculture appears flourishing, ingenious, inventive, reactive and adaptable. Which is rarely said about it. But it also seems to manage it at the cost of an ancient and powerful social mechanics: the disqualification and the elimination of what maid the ancestral peasantry. Thus we end up encountering what seems like a systemic cause of the “suicides” of struggling farmers. Indeed, one of the specificities of their activity is that by shutting down, they make available agricultural lands that others need to thrive
Robinne, François. "Techniques et alimentation : un aspect de la culture matérielle en Birmanie." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA006.
Full textKadachi, Hichem. "Association entre la défavorisation matérielle et sociale et la qualité du traitement médicamenteux antidépresseur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30548/30548.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate in subjects covered by the Quebec Régime général d’assurance médicament (RGAM) with a new episode of depression, the association between material and social deprivation and the quality of antidepressant drug treatment. The information was obtained from databases of the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec. Among the 100 455 subjects included, 65% had at least one claim for an antidepressant in the year following the diagnosis. The most materially deprived subjects were slightly more likely to be exposed to an antidepressant than the least deprived. This association was reversed for the social deprivation. No statistically significant association was observed between the level of deprivation and quality indicators (first-line antidepressant, dose, persistence and compliance). These results will contribute to determine if the objective of RGAM to provide equal access to drug treatment regardless of the income status is achieved in this population.
Roustan, Mélanie. "Sous l'emprise des objets ? : une anthropologie par la culture matérielle des drogues et dépendances." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201317.
Full textRazafindratsima, Nicolas. "Les solidarités privées dans l'agglomération d'Antananarivo (Madagascar) en 1997 : famangiana (visites), cohabitation, entraide financière et matérielle." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0038.
Full textThis research is aimed at studying three forms of "solidarity" in Antananarivo (capital of Madagascar) : famangiana, that are visits made for special events, during which a monetary or an in-kind gift is made ; coresidence inside the same household ; and financial and in-kind transfers between households. Famangiana are a widely-spread practice (during a period of 3 months, 77% of the households made at least one), and occur more for unhappy event (such as a death) than for happy ones (such as a birth). The household participation rate depends particularly on the size their social network, while the amounts given depends essentially on economic factors (especially income). Coresidence inside the same household is a massive phenomenon, since there are very few people living alone in Antananarivo (less than 2%). In most cases, people who live together are parents and their children. Intergenerational coresidence (between parents and adult children), which is widely-spread, seems to benefit more to the young generation than to the parents. Finally, financial and in-kind interhousehold transfers concerned 66% of the households during a period of 6 months. The balance of Antananarivo and its area is largely positive, due to transfers received from abroad. Concerning the solidarity networks, again we noticed that this kind of support is concentrated between parents and their children. However, contrary to intergenerational coresidence, for financial and in-kind intergenerational support, the balance is largely in favor of parents
Azevedo, Margarida. "The evaluation of the social impacts of culture : culture, arts and development." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E041/document.
Full textThis research was motivated by a general concern to enlarge the debate on the cultural sector’s role in development, recognizing that the current economic and monetary debate is inadequate to understanding the externalities attached to culture and the arts and to formulate policies accordingly. In order to broaden the debate into other social and intangible dimensions, a thorough literature review on social impact assessment studies inside the cultural sector was conducted. The review proved that these studies have been more oriented towards understanding the individual extrinsic impacts of engagement in cultural practices rather than its collective capacity. By acknowledging that the tendentiously ignored impacts and mechanisms of collective transformation are those most capable of leading to social and economic development, this research tries to propose a new theoretical framework and empirical approaches to interpret the mechanisms through which culture builds community‐level social impacts. First, a theoretical chain of cultural activities’ community‐level social impacts was proposed, which aligned a set of social capacities based on identified categories of collective level impacts. Second, borrowing analysis models from the field of economics, two case studies were developed to provide new measurement perspectives to meet the methodological challenges of social impact assessment and to identify new mechanisms and drivers of social capacities. This study concludes that culture and the arts can have a strategic function in sustainable community development beyond the expected ability to produce economic externalities. In particular, by inducing a transversal on‐going process of social learning which results in specific social capacities, culture can stimulate a system of networks needed to forge a bottom‐up process of collective action and to sustain cross‐boundary dynamics
Lapierre, André. "Culture créole, culture française et pratiques sportives à La Réunion." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112050.
Full textLeclercq, Walter. "L'âge du Bronze final dans les bassins de l'Escaut et de la Meuse moyenne: culture matérielle et cadre socio-économique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209729.
Full textPar l'étude du mobilier céramique issu de sites en grande partie inédits (provenant à la fois de fouilles récentes et anciennes) de l'aire géographique considérée, l'objectif principal de notre thèse était de déterminer le paysage socio-économique, son évolution au cours du temps et finalement son insertion dans une mouvance européenne. Des questions sur la circulation des biens mais également sur celle des populations sont dès lors soulevées.
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Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dick, Terence. "Functional music and consumer culture (instrumental version)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0008/MQ30210.pdf.
Full textLaabidi, Myriam. "Représentations scolaires et culture hip-hop : Expériences et trajectoires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29119/29119.pdf.
Full textPachot, Christine. "Le cinéma des années 30 et la culture télévisuelle à l'ère de l'An 2000 : de l'efficience culturelle de la télévision : Fiction ou réalité ?" Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble ; 1990-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE29014.
Full textCinema action doesn't exist but through the public's eyes. The cinema is in constant and close contact with television nowadays. Both partners and opponents, they only find common ground when the television broadcasting substitutes for cinema showing so that the film endures. It's definitely because television regularly shows works from the "poetic realistic movement" if this cinema movement of the thrities remains fresh in our minds. The latter is still widely appreciated and it's only through television that it finds most of its audience. Television takes over from the cinema and thus gives a new life to films which had disappeared from the screen. By passing this patrimony on to its public, television becomes object of culture. Will it aim at this target much longer or will it change course for the sake of business?
Chabert, Ghislaine. "Un autre rapport à la télévision ? : le facteur culturel face à une offre technologique nouvelle." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30016.
Full textNowadays, the evolution of different means of communication seams to accelerate because of the development of new technologies which are changing the uses of media. The topical debate in the field of communication, that concerns the changes of using, may be due to the technological innovation. The main discussion arises different theories. Most of them are based on a specific view of the relations between the users and the media. In my point of view, it is necessary, for those searchers, to relativize the media impact and the changes in the behaviour of the users. It is also important to enhance the simultaneous action of the audience and the environment. Moreover, the complementarity between the mass media and the specific media must be taken into account. According to this point of view, i noticed, especally in the television field, that different factors tend to influence people to accept those new technologies. The comparative method, between the technological uses of the cable and the satellite in france and quebec, enhance cultural features. However, it reveals other unexpected events. Indeed, the subscribers to the cable or the satellite still use the traditional media but they complete it with specific technologies. Finaly, this research clearly shows that some sociodemographic factors, especally sex and age, have a significant influence on means of communication
Muths, Stéphane. "Une étude de la honte : sujet, culture et temporalité." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC065.
Full textThe topic of shame knows a revival of interest in psychoanalytic research as if it had a new topicality in our culture. The feeling of guilt is an anchor point of psychoanalysis merged with shame. The latter is a feeling of displeasure that upsets the psyche because the subject is humiliated by the removal of its narcissistic attributes. The dialectic between shame and guilt questions the place of the feeling of opprobrium in the current subjective construction and its clinical and cultural terms. The relationships between shame and culture are discussed in two aspects: a work of shame in the culture and the cultures of shame based around the concepts of miasma and staining. Our modernity seems to fall into a logic based on the turning over of shame between its denial and its exposure. Shame cultures rely on this logic whereas guilt cultures rely on the question of Sin. Ancient Greece was the scene of shame where the public esteem was the ideal. The post-war Japan has also been guided by the sense of own seppuku honor. Today, another form of shame appears in the guise of the hildldmori and suicide at work. Other clinical variations emerge notably in teenage phobias. It shows another form of temporality between affect-signal, a latent shame and an afterwards structural shame. That can be seen as the mark of a phallic sham reactivating the anxiety of separation out of the own guilt repair need. The current culture seems to be moving towards a culture of shame
Grandclément, Catherine. "Vendre sans vendeurs : sociologie des dispositifs d'achalandage en supermarché." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004905.
Full textWaxin, Marie-France. "L'adaptation des cadres expatriés en Inde : ses déterminants et l'effet de la culture d'origine." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32076.
Full textThis study examines the impact of culture of origin on expatriates'adjustment. Independent variables are expatriates'work, interaction, general living adjustment and time to proficiency. Organizational antecedents are role ambiguity, role discretion, role novelty, supervisory, co-workers, home-country organization and logistical support. Individual antecedents are previous international experience, technical competency, substitution capacity, willingness to communicate, social orientation, openness capacity and active stress resistance partner support. Contextual antecedents are partner support, time spent in the host country and subjective cultural distance. Our contribution to this field of research consist in introducing culture of origin and Hofstede's cultural factors as moderator variables. .
Pagola, Manex. "Culture basque et urbanisation à Hasparren (64240)." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR21020.
Full textLocal cultures (or of country) are often perceived like survival of an uniform and strange past often idealized today still. Now Basque culture like all others is previously an human production (and of men and women) and concrete situations - which, makes his life and his development. So we have attempted to study it in the town perceived like modernity en angle of tensions of conflicts then of future. This indicates sometimes breaking with a some "tradition". Our investigation place is the center of a little rural city : Hasparren - f. 64240, marquet place and industrial center of shoes since end of 19th century
Hennion, Antoine. "La médiation musicale." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0321.
Full textThe social interpretation of art stand between two types of causality. One is circular, making of art a brand of social reality, the other is linear, giving art its conditions of production, diffusion and reception. The thesis uses music, an art of mediation, to overstep this opposition, which comes from the ethnological treatment given by social sciences to cultural objects. An analysis of the literature on art shows the models of mediation used to explain its relationship to society. Sociology of culture makes of art an artefact of social magic, sociology of art insists on its collective construction by all the participants of an art world. Closer from producers, history of art and social histor have filled their analyses, first only occupied by exceptional works, with a crowd of institutions and intermediary people, patrons, traders, academies, schools, museums. . . They have produced a practical theory of mediation as the reciprocal, local, heterogeneous relation between art and public. Concerning mediation, music holds a paradoxical place, interpretations make of it either the immediate expression of the social group (ethnic trance, rock concert), or the inaccessible inside language of the unspeakable. It is then shared between a musicography, which straight off pretends it is an object, and an aesthetic discourse, which takes it as the very incarnation of immediacy. Trying to overstep this opposition, the thesis analyses a series of concrete devices of musical production a rock concert, france-musique, the recording history, the revival of baroque music. Musicians are themselves playing the double role of collective fusion and of personal submission to a transcendental object. The two types of causality, circular and linear, are not possible positions for an observer from outside, but constant forms of musicians' action to produce their world, by composing into an irreversible composite its material institutional and human elements
Aumont, Michel. "Une culture du risque maritime : aventures et destins des corsaires granvillais (1688-1815)." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1609.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to know better the corsair activity of Granville's harbour from 1688 till 1815, both from a historic and social point of view. By collecting and confronting provincial and Parisian information sources, and by processing by computer the said information, appears all the reality of a port(bearing) which practiced regularly privateering during the " Second Hundred Years' War ". Getting acquainted with the city of Granville through its history, its infrastructures, its population and its maritime activities, we will ask and answer questions to define the corsair activity from legislative point of view: what is a privateer? Can armed trading vessels be considered as private men-of-war? Privateering, such as it was practiced by the privateers of Granville, is then studied conflict by conflict, to establish the list of privateers, to find the characteristics of the local privateering for ships as well as for the crews, but also to follow various evolutions between 1688 and 1815, by regularly comparing them to those of the other corsair harbors such as Dunkerque or Saint-Malo. Besides this historic and economic field, the third part is particularly dedicated to the actors of the privateering of Granville: the ship-owners, the captains and the crews. What can we discover on their profile, their motivations, their adventures? What were the risks and the rewards? What can we conclude about the risks taken at sea?
Deleuze, Anne-Sophie. "Itinéraire de vie d'un textile : étude sur les usages locaux du tissu-pagne à Lomé (TOGO)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32965.
Full textThe wax is an emblematic fabric in West African material culture, especially in Togo and its capital city, Lomé. Here it arrives to be redistributed to all other countries of the area. Mainly produced in Europe, this fabric is strongly reappropriated by the local population. Today, it is everywhere, used for everything and by everyone. Its omnipresence is explained by its function as a basic fabric but also because of the high socio-symbolic value people give to it. In fact, we can find the wax throughout Togolese lives, especially at significant life stages. In this context, the present research aims to understand the mutual influence relationship between the textile and its owner, through local uses, which are determined by the socio-symbolic importance given to this material. With an inductive approach based on the wax’s uses according to its several social criteria, for example the fabric’s quality (category), the context of its use and the social profile of its owner, I was able to demonstrate its powerful function in visual communication. The wax is an essential social indicator, which is anchored within the socio-relational dynamics in the city. Through the analysis of the many local life itineraries of wax, according to all its successive uses, I was able to show the local logics, which categorise these uses into three different spheres: socio-communicational, utilitarian and memorial. According to a rule of mutual confirmation between the socio-symbolic value and the use of wax, its usage may be categorised into one sphere, or more, at the same time. This socio-symbolic value is mainly social but it can take a personal scope due to a process of appropriation of the textile. Then its use becomes personalized also. This is the kind of dynamics which, adds to a transfer of value between the wax and its user, designs the local life itinerary of this fabric. That is why it is a social thing. The study of the wax’s uses gives us an understanding about the operating of the socio-relational dynamics in Lomé. All of this attests to the fact that just like other objects, wax fabric has a part to play in the social life of things.
Wajnman, Solange. "Le kitsch et l'esprit du temps : les traces du goût populaire dans le vécu post-moderne, étude de la "forme" kitsch à travers l'art et la communication de masse au Brésil." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H017.
Full textWithin the scope of the theoretical and methodological analogy between the aesthetic and the social forms, we wandered if the aesthetic of kitsch wouldn't be the formal translation of our now a days mood, and what the part of the means of mass-communication would be. Through the epistemological idea of "forme" (cf. G. Simmel, m. Weber, m. Maffesoli) we show that there is a backbone running through the manifestations the kitsch participates in : "deambulation-transcendence". We pointed this out, not only in the popular aesthetic, in art and in current artistic and technological-art experiences, but also in significant brazilian aesthetic manifestations. It is not limited to manifestations of art and their masters pieces, but this same backbone is also present in mass communication. Studying cases of popular tv programs and magazines, we show how this aesthetic comes back to life
Walsh, Isabelle. "La théorie de la toupie : Une approche culturelle des usages des technologies de l’information." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090049.
Full textIn this dissertation, we propose the Spinning Top Theory which, through a conceptualization of culture at the individual level, allows us to capture the cultural dimension of IT-usage(s) studied through the lens of IT-culture at group level. We define and study the concept of IT-culture that we propose to apply and assess with the help of a construct we name IT-acculturation. We model this construct and propose a measure for it. This allows us to propose a new model of IT-usage(s) which integrates its(their) cultural dimension. We understand IT-usage(s) as a cultural phenomenon, socially constructed at multiple levels, and structured through a progressive IT-acculturation
Duru, Malachy. "La Langue Igbo dans la culture de l'école et de la société : une réflexion sociolinguistique sur l'attitude des Igbos vis-à-vis de leur langue." Grenoble 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE39018.
Full textBased on the hypothesis that the opposition between the learners' communicative competence that is considered as being in perfect conformity with the norms of the school, and that is considered as being in perfect conformity with the norms of the society, this study has questionned the language policy of the western education that is applied in the south-east of nigeria. It is certain that hte british colonialisme brought a lot of good things to the igbo tradition but the igbo tradition has suffered political and economic injustice from this british colonialisme. As aresult of the economic injustice, igbos are forced to move to other regions that are better favoured in search of work. Their long stay in these regions make them loose their traditional linguistics habits
Mephon, Harry P. "Les enjeux des activités physiques et sportives dans la construction d'une culture identitaire guadeloupéenne : genèse sociale et construction d'un espace de la performance." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3003.
Full textThe body plays a predominant role in Guadeloupean culture. In the 17th century, the violence of a colonial slave society gave rise to physical practices which were divided along racial lines. The second emancipation of the slaves in 1848, goes hand in hand with a certain pacification of the society. It allowed the restricted practice of the first sports among a select few though absolutely no interest was shown by the French authorities. At the beginning of the 20th century, religion and above all the Army were in change of health, public order and the military training of a large portion of the population. In the 1930s, other sports and techniques were spreading through the island. At the same time, a small number of Guadeloupeans were already setting themselves apart in the field of athletics in metropolitan France. Thanks to the establishment of sports in Guadeloupe and state organised migration the performance of Guadeloupeans athletes on the international scene gained recognition. Nowadays, the significant presence of Guadeloupeans on national teams stems from the social discrimination which affects this society. Guadeloupeans thus use the sporting arena as a avenue for achieving excellence and giving voice to their sense of self
Le, Bouil Anne. "Vers une anthropo-bio-sociologie de la personne vieillissante en établissement médico-social." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20040.
Full textBoth experimental and theoretical, this research focuses on the problem of advancing age by combining sociology and clinical. Thus, the medico-social establishment becomes a field of investigation and laboratory to illuminate the phenomena relating to aging people. Beyond the complexity and heterogeneity of aging, it is the nature/culture linkage that is questioned here in terms of anthropological processes. In a break with the « individual and collective » dichotomy, this thesis invites us to approach the social through the dialectic of the singular and the universal. Based on an anthropology, it is a question of clinically distinguishing the incorporation, which concerns the biological gestaltic treatment ; and ownership/negotiation, which is sociological analysis. This conceptual and clinical approach makes it possible to analyse social situations by questioning the historical take and decline related to aging. By analogy, the problem of desire is questioned starting from the natural valuation and the appreciation/authorization which axiologically pose the commitment and ethical disengagement. This way of thinking, understood as clinicaly verifiable hypothesis serves as theoretical framework for initiating an epistemological discussion and a methodological justification. This approach favors the developpment of a sociological approach by the profession, at the foundation of otherness. By posing the beginnings of professional alliance in the medico-social sector, this thesis aims to revisit knowledge about the human in its specificity
Gee, Gabriel. "La création et ses formes dans le contexte socio-politique de la Grande-Bretagne : les scènes artistiques dans le Nord de l'Angleterre des années 1980 au début du 21e siècle." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100132.
Full textThis research focuses on the art scenes in the cities of the North of England from the late seventies and the election of Margaret Thatcher at the head of the British government to the beginning of the 215` century. The production, exhibition, and reception of contemporary arts in Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle-upon-Tyne are studied in relation to the socio-political context of the time. These Northem cities have witnessed the progressive demise of their traditional economies based on manufacture and various industriel activities. The politics of Thatcherism during the 1980s increased the tensions in between north and south, the capital London and the provinces. During the 1990s, economic regeneration strategies involving arts and particularly contemporary visual arts have prevailed in the reconstructions of the urban, the economic, and identities in the North of England. This study looks at the development of the arts during the period in relation to this context of major social and economic transformations, considering the consequences in tenus of infrastructures, institutional policies of art exhibition, as well as oppositions, resistance, and more generally the interaction that connects the artists, artists practices, to the cultural policies, the evolution of the environment, of regional, national, and global economies, and the evolutions of British society locally and nationaley
Dautruche, Joseph Ronald. "Culture, patrimoine et tourisme en Haïti : construction et dynamique de reconstruction d’une destination touristique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22665.
Full textOrivel, Estelle. "Légitimité de l'intervention de l'Etat dans le domaine des arts : Rationalité des acteurs et optimum social." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE011.
Full textThe legitimacy of state intervention must be analysed through its capacity to bring the point of market equilibrium nearer from that of social optimum. The first ambition of this thesis is to focus on the dependency of the analysis on 1) rationality hypotheses concerning economic and political agents'behavior and 2) value judgements hidden behind criteria of social optimum. While rationality hypotheses of economic agents lead to the determination of market equilibrium, that is to the point reached concerning the consumption and production of arts, criteria of social optimum define the point to be reached. The gap between the two constitutes the failure of the market. The existence of market failures does not suffice however to demonstrate the legitimacy of state intervention. Indeed, the functionning of the state can, it too, be the subject of other kinds of failures. One must thus analyse, rather than the ideal functionning of the state, its actual functionning, whose characterisation depends, just like that of the market, on rationality hypotheses concerning the behavior of political agents. Finally, apart from the focus placed on the dependence of the analysis on rationality hypotheses and criteria of social optimum, a second original innovation consists in the implementation of a survey on a random sample of 987 french individuals. Its objectives are of two kinds: first of all, test some of the hypotheses concerning the characterisation of works of arts; second of all, establish the excess or insufficiency of the financial effort made by the state concerning the arts
Bellini, Danielle. "La fabrique du possible : la relation au coeur des projets culturels." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070082.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show the relation between art and its "audience" and some possible ways to expand it thanks to the agents of the cultural sector. The study is based on the observation of "professional practice" that deploys in public spaces. This practice examines the process of creation and diffusion via new dimensions of the space and the time trying to formulate some patterns of attendance of those cultural facilities. This study establishes at the same time the relation between art as an esthetic experience in the dynamics of reliance, reciprocity and exchange. At the same time it suggests some new paths for research whereas shifting the standards of artistic representation exceeds classical sociological models of analysis
Siméoni, Patricia. "Buveurs de kavas : Géographie des déterminants de la qualité pour la valorisation d'une culture traditionnelle." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040068.
Full textThe kava plant and its beverage are rich in symbols. The plant is linked to the cultural identity and history of the Pacific islanders, since their mythical origins. Drink of the Gods, on earth it becomes a sacred beverage, a political seal, a social distinction, a synonym of social feast, a valuable offering, a national drink, and a regional emblem. Kava is the beverage of a civilization, from its tradition to its modernity. Kava existence and distribution are not natural. The species is the result of a plant improvement by the Pacific islanders which carried it everywhere they went. Kava drinkers have created the plant and its beverage according to their own cultural expectations. The present work is a geographical study of the determinants of quality, it aims at preserving a cultural heritage and at adding value to a traditional crop that grows in marginal territories, an environment submitted to increased globalization
Kolly-Foroush, Maryam. "Le Quartier en action, ou les marges d'une jeunesse dite d'origine immigrée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209774.
Full textGléonnec, Mikaël. "Le changement organisationnel à l'épreuve du lien social dans ses modalités culturelles : l'appropriation du télétravail dans l'entreprise." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30040.
Full textDrolet, Roger. "Société sonore et marchandisation de la culture : l'enregistrement musical au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/54882.
Full textBando, Cécile. "Publics à l'oeuvre : appropriation et enjeux des dispositifs artistiques participatifs." Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39028.
Full textDuhem, Sophie. "Sablières sculptées de Bretagne : images, ouvriers du bois et culture paroissiale au temps de la prospérite bretonne (XVe-XVIIe s.)." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20022.
Full textThis research offers an original aspect of the Breton artistic creation: the production of carved beams' frames, designed between the XVth and the XVIIth century. The composed iconographical catalogue-free from any large scale investigation until now - offers, for us to study, several thousands of images and one subject that allows us to start on the problems raised by the inventory's methodology and the questions debated on within the historical research. This study shows the difficulties linked to a patrimony's inventory and sets out the methods used during the serial inquiry accomplished in the field. The interest in a photographic background, the usefulness of the data computerization, the management of a large iconographical catalogue, and finally, the image processing, are the main points treated prior to the carved beams' historical and iconographical study. The study of the order's context as well as the people involved - clerks, manufactures and craftsmen - but also the one of the iconographical choices and the circulating patterns allow us to understand better the native of this production and to go back to the usual use of the expression "popular art". More widely, this research fits in with the study of the Bretons' cultural environment: mediaeval and reviving pictures chosen by the woodcarvers give precious indications of the interests and artistic culture of men between the XVth and the XVIIth century. This iconography also enriches our knowledge of the parish life and the religious behaviours of the Bretons in the "ancien regime". The chronological extent of the catalogue notably provides the opportunity to understand the cultural changes occuring in the catholic reform's wake
Amri, Mahdi. "Culture technologique : les dimensions sémio-anthropologiques du téléphone mobile chez les étudiants étrangers de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30025.
Full textThis research studied the semio-anthropological dimensions of the mobile telephone of the foreign students in Bordeaux. Hypotheses put forward in this research implied that a cell phone is not only a technological instrument used for purely communication purposes (emitting calls and sending text messages), a cell phone represents rather a strong symbolic and anthropological object: it reflects norms and values of the postmodern society, it is abundant in values while it represents the personality of its owner, his or her taste, tendencies, the extent and complexity of the relational network of a cell phone owner. In this thesis we have carried out clarification work on multiple issues: uses, representations, the intimate relations, practical and aesthetic aspects of the device, not forgetting the semiotics of the mobile phone in the social and domestic spheres. A cell phone is like a vast world of significances contained inside a small box. The polyvalency and the extensibility of functions of the mobile telephone, the diversity of situations and behaviors that this device produces on the social stage, demonstrate that the whole world can be transported in a device. Thus, in the memory of the mobile one finds the relational network, photos, saved SMS -souvenirs, the important information, ringtones and music reflecting the personality of the cell phone user, briefly, a universe of signs and information that retraces the person's biography. This is the reason why this magic instrument became both for its owner and for the community of the intimate circle of the cell phone owner an authentic reservoir of the personality and an identification card. While we try to conceive the cell phones as a tool non limited to its instrumental functions, we discover that this device perfectly reflects the values of hypercommunicating society of today: permanent connectivity, mobility, conceptual and real scrambling between public and private, self-representation and intergenerational ties meditated by the technology
De, Oliveira Emmanuel. "Les bases cognitives de l’évolution culturelle cumulative." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2144/document.
Full textCulture is a set of information that members of a group share through social transmission (imitation, communication ...) in the form of ideas, behaviors or artifacts. Cultural traits developed by humans are more complex than in other species. This is attributed to the process of cultural evolution which, in humans, is cumulative. Along with their diffusion, cultural traits become more complex and perform progressively better by accumulating changes over generations, a process called the ratchet effect. The project of this thesis was to investigate cognitive mechanisms involved in the emergence of the ratchet effect. We simulated this phenomenon under experimental conditions using thechain transmission method in order to test the predictive power of technical reasoning, theory-of-mind skills, creativity and fluid intelligence in the constant progression of performances across generations. The first study investigated the role of these four factors in a mechanical problem solving task (tower construction with wires) in a Communication condition (i.e., participants are allowed to talk to each other) and an Observation condition (i.e., participants cannot communicate). Our strongest prediction regarding this paradigm involved technical reasoning, for having proven a better predictor of a ratchet effect than theory of mind skills. The same observation was made in both conditions, while theory of mind skills did not allow to predict any ratchet effect. The second study explored the influence of technical reasoning and theory-of-mind skills on the same task, in a Monitoring condition (i.e., participants communicate indirectly through a video feed) and a Blind condition (i.e., participants communicate verbally without seeing each other). Technical reasoning skills predicted once again the emergence of a ratchet effect, while theory-of-mind skills predicted the same effect in the Blind condition only. These results demonstrate the weight of technical reasoning in thecreation, transmission, and improvement of a material cultural trait, while theory-ofmind skills are involved only in a particularly abstract situation where individuals have no visual cues. The third study explored the conditions leading individuals to copy or innovate a technique or tool. Participants were tested in an unfamiliar situation, and were asked to achieve a material task (making a basket out of everyday life objects). Conditions varied based on opacity (i.e., mechanisms involved between the initial state and the final product are difficult to understand) and risk levels. It turned out that participants were more likely to reproduce the same actions and objects used in a demonstration when tested in a risky and opaque condition, while they used more often new objects and new actions in a non-risky, transparent task
Bartholeyns, Gil. "Naissance d'une culture des apparences : le vêtement en Occident, XIIIe-XIVe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210550.
Full textLe développement s’attache au changement radical d’attitudes à l’égard du vêtement dans les communautés chrétiennes du Bas-Empire romain du IIe au IVe siècle ;à l’institutionnalisation des apparences chrétiennes au haut Moyen Age ;à la métaphore du vêtement comme grande figure explicative des mythes chrétiens ;au statut anthropologique du vêtement dans la pensée et les pratiques médiévales ;à l’histoire de la valeur de l’objet technique et corporel ;aux modèles de consommation des biens de luxe ;au gouvernement politique par les apparences à la fin du Moyen Âge ;aux causes de la transformation des formes du vêtement jusqu’à la naissance du phénomène de mode. Toutes les sources (théologie, littérature populaire, comptabilité, archives judiciaires, images) sont convoquées, parfois de manière quantitative. Lorsque c’est possible le raisonnement procède par inversion :mettre en lumière des situations ponctuelles par l’arrière-plan normatif ou affectif, comprendre les phénomènes de longue durée ou les contradictions internes à une société au moyen de cas précis (une controverse, par exemple). Une expérience de description « intégrée » du récit historique est donc tentée, séparant le moins possible les « univers » (le social, l’économique, le symbolique, l’esthétique…) qui forment d’un seul tenant une culture. Si l’on souhaite faire une histoire du vêtement médiéval, il n’est pas dit que les moments, les pratiques ou les auteurs interrogés appartiennent à ce que l’on appelle couramment le Moyen Âge.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Brenel, Eve. "Le monde du flamenco : entre pratiques amateurs et professionnelles, socio-anthropologie d'une culture artistique." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1030.
Full textThis thesis analyses flamenco as a structuring practice of an artistic "world" ( in Becker's meaning). A first part allows- from a critical analysis of the debates surrounding the history of this cultural practice- to show the stakes of controversies around the question of Andalusian or gipsy origin of the flamenco. Mythes surrounding practitioners ( singers, guitarists, dancers) are confronted to a statistic study; the aficionados population, which role is in this case essential, is also submitted : their social characteristics, their use of erudition and their place in this cultural "world". A second part builts a definition of what the " flamenco's human being " is ; a definition that goes through the taking into consideration of the dialectical's relationships instituted between "yourselves" in private meetings and the production of an artistic legitimacy through the public practice of shows. The "flamencos" collective identity is based on the sharing of some reference's worlds : a common language, a collective memory and the fact of being initiated to this art and its reception. Besides, actors lay down collectively qualification criteria, in terms of esthetic but also ethic. A third part analyses successively the required courses for the singers, dancers and guitarists socialization (between tradition and modernity), after having first set up the question of the inheritance's place in this process. The thesis shows how the different actors , professionals and aficionados, gypsies and payos, participate collectively to the flamenco's production, through their interactions, between cooperation and conflict. In this "world", aficionados play a decisive role in establishing criteria, in training artists and in producing flamenco's artistic legitimacy
Vol, Alexandra. "Pratiques et représentations d'utilisateurs de "sites-musées" : modes d'appropriation d'un dispositif techno-sémiotique et propositions de genres éditoriaux." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082429.
Full textGaudin, Benoît. "Identités, carnaval et industrie de la culture dans le Nordeste du Brésil : la "micareta" du Fortal." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10041.
Full textDelsahut, Fabrice. "Valeurs traditionnelles amérindiennes et culture sportive : essai d'analyse des valeurs traditionnelles amérindiennes et de leur rôle intégratif ou non dans la culture sportive nord-américaine." Lyon 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO31012.
Full textSt-Jacques, Thériault Geneviève. "Des transactions saisonnières et conviviales : la vente de garage à Salaberry-de-Valleyfield." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22941/22941.pdf.
Full textCôté, Louise. ""En garde!" : les représentations de la tuberculose au Québec dans la première moitié du XXe siècle : maladie, culture et identité." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25229.pdf.
Full textViegas-Pires, Michaël. "La dimension métier dans l'analyse culturelle de l'intégration post fusion-acquisition." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0262.
Full textIn the late 1980’s and the 1990’s one has been a witness to the biggest wave of merger and acquisitions (M&A) ever. However the results of those deals are often very disappointing. This paradox has shed light on the complexity underlining the M&A process, and has focused attention of managers and organisation researchers on the cultural dimension of post M&A integration. This Ph. D thesis belongs to this research field and is particularly interested in the role of occupational cultures. We use a three steps design to answer this question. We first conceive theoretical tools, in order to analyse the data (First part). These tools will then be used in two case studies, respectively dedicated to the integration of reporting systems and marketing strategies (Second part). At last, we generalise the results. Their epistemological status is also discussed (Third part). We first describe the research field, which this thesis belongs to. That way we show that M&A literature is inconsistent. No consensus emerges about the nature of the link between culture and integration, appealing for a more finely grained analysis. We then suggest a theoretical framework, which shows that a cultural analysis of post M&A integration cannot be conducted without taking into account the strong interleaving between different cultures. Consequently, the rest of the first part consists in conceiving a model of such an interleaving between national, organisational and occupational cultures. Qualitative data have been collected from two different firms: AXA, the French insurance group on the one hand, for its acquisition of Nippon Dantai, a Japanese society, France Télécom, the French telecommunication operator on the other hand, for its acquisition of TPSA (Telekomunikacja Polska SA), a polish company. After that the methodology has been described, we present our analysis in two case studies, respectively dedicated to reporting systems integration and offer policies integration (marketing). Case studies allow us to generate abductive hypothesis about the determinants of integration. Then, we question the theoretical concepts developed in the first part, under the light of our analysis. We introduce the concept of “occupational space” to describe our observations. At last, we show that if there exist some mental representations shared among individuals in such a space, they are not necessary synonymous with convergence in an integration perspective
Bobot, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à l'étude comparée de l'animation et de l'expression cinématographiques dans des groupes sociaux homogènes ou pluriculturels." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070105.
Full textExpression and creation attemps through the cinema succeed or fail in, or outside the structures of cultural leisure. Yet, the material means stay limited and derisive. These experiments often take place in an atmosphere of "militantism", that avoids the desperation and fights the rejects. Describing these facts and acts, in urban and rural environments, analysing them in a comparative state of mind, leads to a recognition of the symptoms of asphyxia on cultural grounds, an alteration and a probable modification of the evolution processes into what is called here a : " horizontalisation of culture "