Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Culture matérielle – Histoire – Gabon'
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Clist, Bernard-Olivier. "Des permiers villages aux premiers européens autour de l'estuaire du Gabon: quatre millénaires d'interactions entre l'homme et son milieu." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211046.
Full textCette séquence démarre avec les traces des derniers chasseurs-collecteurs datées avant 4.000 bp, se poursuit avec la présence des premiers villages avant 2.600 bp, se développe avec l'arrivée des premières populations métallurgistes vers 1.900 bp et se termine un peu après l'arrivée des premiers européens sur la côte Atlantique entre 1471-1475.
Ces quelques quatre millénaire d'histoire sont construits autour d'un protocole d’analyse détaillée des poteries, principaux traceurs des ensembles culturels et de leurs échanges.
A chaque grande époque culturelle (Néolithique puis Age du Fer), les données de l'estuaire du Gabon sont comparées et enrichies par toutes les autres informations archéologiques compilées au Gabon.
Dans le cadre d'une synthèse régionale, toute la documentation relative à la néolithisation en Afrique Centrale du Cameroun à l'Angola est réétudiée en utilisant la même grille d'analyse, et une nouvelle modélisation de l'expansion du système de production villageois est proposée.
Enfin, tous les éléments qui portent sur les premières traces de réduction du fer sont repris, critiqués, et une chronologie plus sûre de l'expansion de cette métallurgie est proposée.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Miamouini-Nkouka, Lucie-Blanche. "Histoire, pratiques et représentations : la céramique du Congo-Brazzaville entre culture matérielle et culture spirituelle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0068.
Full textOne question could sum up our preoccupation : how could one define "historiticity regimes" through ceramic? How could one describe relationship between pratics (how to make a work of art etc), waiting (structures that could favor or not these pratics) and meanings? How, which ceramic can be possible ties between a social group that produces it and representations, conceptions and beleives it projects on it? If this tie is obvious, so ceramic is a mean of communication betwenn visible and invisible, the collective uncounsciousness and material activity. Object of communication between a group and its representations, a way of telling narratives about fear, fantasms of a group, a crossing of relationships between subject and object, ceramic allow us to undestund the very congolese (Brazzaville) history
Charpy, Manuel. "Le théâtre des objets. Espaces privés, culture matérielle et identité sociale. Paris, 1830-1914." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2007/document.
Full textThe study analyses the ways by which a social group consumed and produced a world of goods in order to shape its own social and cultural identity. With a view to reconstruct the social and cultural uses of things in a city which underwent deep commercial and spatial changes, the thesis identifies the nature and forms of the Parisian bourgeoisie’s consumption, through private and business archives. It studies how the bourgeois home was redefined in flat and in the growing city and how daily technology forged the bourgeoise’s private scenography and self-awareness. It studies then the material culture of 19th century Parisian bourgeoisie, understood as a set of signs and narratives designed by dealers and consumers, whilst industrialisation radically transformed the nature and hierarchy of materials and commodities. Finally, this work sheds light on phenomenons of imitation and distinction as social mobility increased and analyses how fashion trends came to being onto specific urban scenes, through the mediating role of taste legislators and the means of new forms of urban advertising
Audet, Bernard. "L'établissement agricole de l'île d'Orléans : XVIIe siècle - début du XVIIIe : étude de culture matérielle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29217.
Full textLe, Guennec Aude. "Le vêtement d’enfant ou l’entrée dans l’histoire. Enquête du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours dans les collections publiques et privées occidentales." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040205.
Full textDespite the abundance of children’s clothes in the collections of French Fashion, Applied Arts and Folk Museums, Children’s Fashion is not a major topic in Fashion History. Crossing a corpus of artefacts with ethnographical, historical and sociological testimonies and archives from the Fashion Industry, this research intends to analyse the relationship between the child and its clothing. Despite its abilities to talk, manipulate and desire, the child is not imbued by the habits defining social beings. Therefore, in a constant interdependence with the adult, the child’s education consists in its socialisation to bring him into history. Through the analysis of the capacity of Fashion to dress the identities, this research approaches clothing as an education tool in the hands of the adults. In parallel, as a technical handling kit, a set of sensations and an object of desire, clothing is an adoptable system by the child who dresses up itself as it wants. In order to avoid an adult focus, this study looks also at the deconstruction of this socialisation process by analysing the appropriation of fashion by children. Finally, this study of children’s clothing provides another approach to Childhood History and shows the essential contribution of the study of the Material Culture to a Childhood Sociology, source of knowledge of the mechanisms of our society
Dos, Anjos Farias Lemoine Maria Soeli. "La culture matérielle des Munduruku du Haut-Tapajos en Amazonie brésilienne : Kapikipi Jewa wy dadam." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG037.
Full textThis Phd deals with the peoples named Munduruku. We’ll study the evolution of both their material culture and their educational system. The meaning of the word “native” is defined in order to respect the Munduruku terminology: “being Munduruku” means “being real men”. In 2005 ,their leaders first granted us permission to meet them on condition we respect the rules. Their material culture has undergone drastic changes particularly as far as architecture is concerned. The square-shaped straw houses observed at the beginning of the twentieth century have been replaced by rectangular ones with wooden walls and zinc rooftops. Missangas made in China have taken the place ot the original necklaces handcrafted with puca seeds and adorned with animals carved in coconuts. The former calabashes used for food or beverage have been replaced by glasses . As to the hammock made of bark still used today, it is no longer crafted by the Munduruku studied. We’ll use the collected materials to analyze their know how. The Munduruku environment is described as well. As our research only partially covers their huge territory, it can’t be considered as completed yet
Herr, Jean-Jacques. "La formation de l'empire néo-assyrien et les phénomènes de globalisation en Mésopotamie du nord : représentations idéologiques et témoignage de la culture matérielle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP013.
Full textThis dissertation examines material evidence of the phenomena of globalization and the formation of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (9th - 7th century BCE). The Neo-Assyrian Empire was first concieved of by nineteenth-century European scholars, nationalists, and positivists. They identified it as a central space which they called "the Assyrian triangle" and envisioned as a cultural hub. The Assyrian culture would then radiate outward according to the expansionist policy employed by rulers motivated by an imperialist ideology. Previous archaeological examination confirms the ethno-cultural uniqueness of the vestiges now being revisited thanks to a renewal of research methods and activities in northern Iraq. The first part of this study proposes an epistemological and historiographical approach to the concepts of "material culture" and "central region," in order to avoid any methodological obstacles in thinking about the history of contact and the circulation of ancient technologies in the region between the Euphrates and the foothills of Zagros. The second part of this study investigates the settlement patterns and material production in the western Jazirah, focusing on the site of Tell Masaikh for which a typo-chronology of the pottery is proposed. Finally, by putting into perspective these analyses, settlement rythmes and the direction of exchanges and interactions among the populations of these regions are made clear. The conclusions of this study show that the Assyrian empire belonged to a globalized network in the first millennium, which resulted from the long history of cultural contact in northern Mesopotamia
Van, de Casteele Marlène. "Le making of de la photographie de mode (1932-2017) : culture matérielle, instance collective, image plurielle." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2095.
Full textThis doctoral thesis intends to explore the ‘making-of’ of fashion photography, over several decades and geographies. The aim is to operate an epistemological displacement to rethink fashion photography beyond certain interpretations that identified its scope with semiotic, gender or identarian paradigms. Rather, this study proposes to think the ‘making of’ as a result of practices, negotiations, exchanges and hierarchies that characterize – but also move beyond – the very action of producing and publishing a fashion photograph. By shedding light on the multiple and overlooked sources produced around the production and circulation of the fashion image, the research explores three moments in the life of fashion photographs: the making of a fashion photograph; the collecting and conserving practices; and its exhibition. Therefore, the ‘making-of’ is here understood in a broad sense. This term is not only used to identify the descriptions and detailed information showing creative processes behind the production of a fashion photograph or an editorial series, but it also takes into consideration the mechanisms of circulations beyond the industry, the networks and the institutional processes concurring to the formation of the cultural value of an image. In doing so, this thesis sheds light on the polysemic meanings and values of fashion photography, moving beyond an interpretational path that has restricted this practice into an “applied” art in search of artistic legitimization
Baracca, Pierre. "La matérialité, une emblématique artistique : un mouvement long de Giotto aux installations, sociologie de l'art." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030129.
Full textThis sociological research deals with the social meaning of the sudden flow of objects into contemporary Western art that occurred about 1960, at the tail-end of a long-lasting process in the course of which objects were first introduced into religious imagery (Giotto), then became the subject of pictures (Still Lifes), finally to be presented in concrete form (as ready-mades, accumulations, installations). Introducing the notion of ‘artistic emblematics' as applied to materiality, will enable us to assimilate these artistic practices to social strategies for the positive appropriation of earthly life and for disenchanting the world (cf. M. Weber). This notion of ‘artistic emblematics' points, via that of resilience, to a vision of the artist as an active subject of the production and reception of art, by showing how she operates within social groups, institutions and socialization. This notion reopens the debate on the relationship of art with ideology, the use of economic metaphors (market, competition, goods) in the artistic field, and reception in concentric circles
Caradonna, Marta. "Intellectuels, institutions et expositions : la constitution des musées et des disciplines demo-ethno-anthropologiques en Italie à partir de 1850. : une histoire croisée." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH208.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD research is to retrace the various phases of the introduction of anthropological disciplines in Italy since the mid-19th century, connecting them with the social and political context of the country. The nascent anthropology, in fact, goes hand in hand with the construction of the Italian nation, intertwining with it and playing an active role in the life of the young Kingdom of Italy, a State which was officially established in 1861. Firstly, the thesis analyses the most relevant developments of the anthropological studies, reviewing the experiences of some of its protagonists and investigating the relationships between them. Secondly, it focuses on the history of Italian museums which have shown interest in the ethno-anthropological disciplines. This study makes it possible to understand the process of building and developing knowledge on man and society, the theoretical debate which follows, the ideological positions involved and the rise of new horizons and fields of study. Retracing the facts of the main anthropological museums in Italy also allows to gain a deeper understanding of socio-historical events such as: the breakthrough of evolutionism and positivism in Italian anthropology, the transition from the age of the “museum-laboratory” to that of the “democratic” museum open to the public, the debates on the nature of ethnographic objects, the advent of ethnographic museography, the Italian unification of 1861, the brief experience of Italian colonialism, the Esposizione Internazionale in Rome of 1911, the Primo Congresso di Etnografia and the relationship between Italian anthropology and Fascism.The birth of anthropological museums shows how in Italy, where the origins of anthropology are strongly characterized by the medical-biological approach, the interest on physical characters precedes and contains those on cultural aspects. This is evident in the first museums analysed here, such as the Museo Nazionale di Antropologia e Etnologia founded in 1869 by Paolo Mantegazza, the Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico founded by Luigi Pigorini in 1875 and the Museo di Etnografia Italiana created by Lamberto Loria and Aldobrandino Mochi in 1906.The goal is to understand the linkage between the places where the anthropological knowledge has been exhibited and the intellectuals who have studied and produced such knowledge in different socio-historical and political eras of Italy. To study these multiple dimensions I have also reconstructed the dynamics that led to the birth and the development of the Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “Luigi Pigorini” and the Museo Nazionale delle Arti e Tradizioni Popolari “Lamberto Loria” in Rome
Guien, Jeanne. "Obsolescences : philosophie des techniques et histoire économique à l'épreuve de la réduction de la durée de vie des objets." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H207/document.
Full textThe notion of obsolescence adresses our relationship with objects and human action, our representations of history and time. It challenges technological and social change. It is a controversial topic, raising environmental, economic and social issues.However, focused as it is in France on the notion of "programmed obsolescence”, the current controversy tends to confine the debate to concealed practices, on the basis of considerations conveying a deterministic view of history. This dissertation broadens the scope of reflection and discusses all commercial short-lived products and all the notions used to qualify them. Since they have been on the market for two centuries, we argue on the basis of a historical and philosophical inquiry that shortening the lifespan of objects has been a common and open practice in Europe and the United States. Throughout the XIXth and XXth centuries, obsolescence has been theorized, criticized or promoted publicly in various narratives, which often define it as an effect of human activity, or uses it as a law of economics, nature or history. In order to criticize these approaches and reinforce the demonstration that commercializing obsolescent products has been a public and accepted practice, this dissertation examines the case of objects publicly designed with a limited lifespan : disposable products. We argue that disposability has been constructed as a distinctive and positive feature of a wide range of various products. Through the case study of disposable cups, we ultimately consider some pathways for further research on the shortened lifespan of objects, as devices used to conceal their own social, material and environmental reality
Délen, Claire. "The Huntley and Palmers biscuit company (Reading, 1841-1977) : a history." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL136.
Full textThis thesis recounts the history of the Huntley and Palmers biscuit company, based in Reading from 1841 to 1977. It examines the development of the company through the successive innovations and modernisations, from the traditional family firm to the modern firm that would eventually be absorbed by larger groups. This work studies the impact of the biscuit giant on British society and on the world at large by a survey of its production, in terms of food as well as visual production, by using elements of material culture present in the company’s official archives as well as original collections. It also investigates the question of paternalism and paternalist practices at Huntley and Palmers’, so as to locate these measures and the ideology behind them in a national context. These practices are assessed in the light of the different varieties of paternalism and enable us to map the evolution from a typical nineteenth-century brand of paternalism towards institutionalised “new paternalism” followed by a form of “post-paternalism” characteristic of modern companies. Finally, the thesis lays emphasis on combining the employers’ perspective with that of the employees in order to go beyond the vision of the company that transpires from the official archives
Leclercq, Walter. "L'âge du Bronze final dans les bassins de l'Escaut et de la Meuse moyenne: culture matérielle et cadre socio-économique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209729.
Full textPar l'étude du mobilier céramique issu de sites en grande partie inédits (provenant à la fois de fouilles récentes et anciennes) de l'aire géographique considérée, l'objectif principal de notre thèse était de déterminer le paysage socio-économique, son évolution au cours du temps et finalement son insertion dans une mouvance européenne. Des questions sur la circulation des biens mais également sur celle des populations sont dès lors soulevées.
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Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Lafond, Pierrette. "PROMENADE EN ENFER: LES LIVRES À L'INDEX DE LA BIBLIOTHÈQUE (FONDS ANCIEN) DU SÉMINAIRE DE QUÉBEC: PROLÉGOMÈNES À UN OBJET OXYMORE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27794/27794.pdf.
Full textGuillorel, Eva. "La complainte et la plainte : chansons de tradition orale et archives criminelles : deux regards croisés sur la Bretagne d'Ancien Régime (16e-18e siècles)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354696.
Full textMartin, Fanny. "Atuatuques, Condruses, Eburons. Culture matérielle et occupation du sol dans le territoire de la future civitas Tungrorum, de la fin de l'âge du Fer au début de l'époque gallo-romaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/247098.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Lima, Dora de. "Saveurs et savoirs du monde : circulations et appropriations de fruits tropicaux dans l'empire portugais atlantique (v.1550-v.1650)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010597.
Full textAs hidden commodities in the circulations that have emerged in the Atlantic world since the fifteenth century, fruits are fragile and unstable products. Citrus fruits, pineapples and bananas are estimated by the Europeans for their gustative virtues, and during the “Atlantic wave” of the Portuguese empire (1550-1650) the circulations of these fruits are more intense. We intend to examine the multiple series of significations given to these mutant objects as they are transported in the Atlantic. Indeed, when they are transported across the different climatic zones that define the Atlantic world, the taste of these fruits changes inevitably. Furthermore, the encounters between the Europeans and the multiple societies of the Atlantic bring to light more uses and more tastes of these fruits. At the endmultiple societies met by the Europeans give multiple pieces of knowledge about these new flavours. So the global approach of fruits has inevitably to be multisituated. Any attempt of homogenization of the phenomenon gives only a partial reading. The gustative approach allows to redraw these multiple facets of circulations
Munoz, Ebensperger Florencia. "Habiter la ville populaire : la maison et les expériences d'habitation des familles à Santiago durant le dernier siècle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0061.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the modes of living and inhabiting of low income/popular groups in the city of Santiago and their main transformations throughout the last century, with special emphasis on the processes of peasant migration that are at the origin of the formation of these universes. In this way, the goal is to study the important processes of urban formation in the 20th century, adopting a rarely taken approach: that of the home, and of the domestic and daily experience of its inhabitants. By focusing on the home, understood as an entity that is at once social, symbolic and material, this work has been organized around three periods, which correspond to the three generations present in these universes, in each of which a certain "mode of inhabiting" prevails, that is, a set of ideas, forms and practices associated with the domestic. This work thus tries to address the understanding of popular classes and their transformations during the 20th century, and especially the construction of their own and distinctive cultural universes, of these social spaces
Mullane, Fidelma. "La cabane revisitée : réhabilitation de l'architecture vernaculaire irlandaise (XVIIe-XIXe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040200.
Full textTaking the Irish cabin as object, this thesis deconstructs the outsider accounts and their contribution to a negative interpretation of such, particularly within the context of postcolonial scholarly literature. Such outsider accounts have an added significance in scholarship in so far as they retained a strict uniformity even while other formal studies changed perspective. This reveals certain ideological assumptions which are examined. The collision between the imposition of a dominating knowledge and practices drawn from indigenous wisdom is examined through the prism of descriptions and interpretations of materials and labour in specific ecological and economic contexts. A case study in the Claddagh village in the West of Ireland examines these contradictions in detail. The survival of such outsider accounts has had its consequence in contemporary constructions as to the meaning and function of the vernacular house. The recovery of the Irish cabin as an object of study within vernacular architecture must be achieved within a context of examining clearance, changes in housing and the major restructuring of economy and society occasioned by the Great Famine. The recovery of a proper account of their function as perceived by those who lived in such habitations in the rural economy is central to this thesis
Utsch, Terra Ana Carina. "La reliure en France au XIXème siècle : programmes éditoriaux, marchés du livre et histoire des textes." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0112.
Full textWithin a culture at once literary, editorial and visual begun in the 19th century, bookbinding defines distinct fields of dissemination and reception that have in common the fact of claiming, in their own way, membership of the literary world. Our task is to place the history of bookbinding within the cultural history of publishing, through the identification of the different status and functions bookbinding has assumed in the formation of the discursive and technical corpus that defines its field of action, within issues relating to the production of the meaning that take place within the world of publishing and bibliophily, and in the different spaces of visibility inhabited and opened by bookbinding. Building on a study of the catalogues of french publishers from the 19th century (1818-1900), we followed the continuities and discontinuities of the publishing and material life of a text wich had already had, at that time, a long published history. The study of different methods of disseminating Don Quixote (1832-1878), a work that was involved in all the phases of the 19th century french publishing history, shows that the variations in the material appearance proposed by the binding could induce different readings of the same book, especially when they are all in agreement (in aesthetic and commercial terms) with the editorial programmes in wich they are inserted. An analysis of the different publishing practices supported by bookbinding allowed us to study the consolidation process of the publisher's binding genre, in the new relationships it forges with different forms of cultural expression
Acosta, Marcelo Alejandro. "Ad majorem Dei gloriam : espace de Dieu et domaine des hommes : analyse des missions jésuites du Paracuaria (1610 – 1767) à partir de l'archéologie phénoménologique : cas d'étude Nuestra Señora de Loreto (I et II) et San Ignacio Miní (I et II)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27186.
Full textIn this research we try to establish the relation that exists between material culture, symbols and representations used in the Jesuit missions in the Province of the Paraguay (or Paracuaria). Our objective is to understand, from the archaeological record, material transformations and changing perceptions between 1610 and 1767. Urban space organizes social realities and plays a key role in the transformation of environment and society. This materiality also reinforces actions and rituals as new practices and behaviors are introduced and reinforced over time. In this sense, the mission space acquires symbolic dimensions with specific narratives that serve to organise aspects of daily life within the mission structure. Located between the Spanish and Portuguese empires in South America, the Jesuit Province of the Paraguay founded in 1607 was the theatre of conflict for control of the territory. The first missions (Nuestra Señora de Loreto and San Ignacio Miní) were founded in 1610 in present day Brazil. In 1631, the sites were left due to attacks by the Bandeirantes or Portuguese slave holders of São Paulo that attempted to enslave populations of converted Guarani Amerindians. The missions were Jesuit enclaves in an embattled territory and were considered an obstacle to the expansion of the Portuguese crown in South American. In 1631, the missions were moved to temporary locations and then were relocated several times thereafter. These successive changes produced new interpretations of their world and society that we can observe in the material culture record. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we will outline transformations in the organization of mission space and material culture. This will give us a more complete vision of their internal organization. A historical perspective will allow us to establish the relationships between the subjects and their socio-political conditions in the mission settings. We will then see that certain objects played specific roles within defined contexts, which we must understand to establish their precise functions. Finally, we will analyze changes in the material culture from a phenomenological perspective, as this will allow us to deconstruct the narratives and ideologies that impregnates them. This exercise will allow us to establish what we believe to be the essential meaning of these objects and we will interpret their intentionality in transmitting notions of ideology and social practice.
En esta investigación intentamos de establecer la relación que existe entre la cultura material, los símbolos y las representaciones empleadas en las misiones jesuíticas en la Provincia del Paraguay (o Paracuaria). El objetivo es comprender, a partir de la información arqueológica, las transformaciones materiales como también las percepciones entre 1610 y 1767. El espacio urbano organiza la realidad social y juega un rol clave en la transformación del espacio y de la sociedad. Por medio de la materialidad se refuerzan acciones y ritos, como también nuevas prácticas y comportamientos al igual que los nuevos comportamientos que pueden perpetuarse en el tiempo. El tal sentido, el espacio misional adquiere una dimensión simbólica cargada de discursos que organizan a su vez, todos los aspectos de la vida dentro de las misiones. Ubicada entre los dominios de los imperios español y portugués en Sudamérica, la Provincia Jesuítica del Paraguay fundada en 1607 fue el teatro de enfrentamientos por el control del territorio. Las primeras misiones (Nuestra Señora de Loreto y San Ignacio Miní) fueron fundadas en 1610 en el actual Brasil. En 1631, los sitios fueron abandonados debido a los ataques de los Bandeirantes o esclavistas portugueses de São Paulo que atacaron la región para esclavizar los guaraníes ya evangelizados. Las misiones fueron enclaves jesuitas en un territorio en conflicto y fueron consideradas como un obstáculo al expansionismo de la corona portuguesa en el sur del continente americano. En 1631, las misiones fueron mudadas en varios sitios temporarios y posteriormente reubicadas en diferentes oportunidades. Las mudanzas produjeron una reinterpretación del mundo de la sociedad, cambios que podemos observar en la cultura material. A partir de un análisis interdisciplinario podremos establecer las transformaciones en la organización del espacio y la cultura material. Esto nos dará una visión más completa sobre el modelo de organización al interior de las misiones. De otra parte, la perspectiva histórica nos permitirá de establecer las relaciones entre los sujetos entre los sujetos y las condiciones político-sociales en un momento determinado. Con ello veremos que los objetos tuvieron un rol en su contexto, el cual debemos comprender para establecer su función específica. Finalmente, analizaremos los cambios de la cultura material a partir de la arqueología fenomenológica, debido a que ese modelo nos permitirá deconstruir los discursos y las ideologías que impregnan los objetos. Este ejercicio nos permitirá establecer la verdadera esencia de los objetos y su primera intención al momento de comunicar mensajes, ideologías y prácticas sociales.
Lalande, Dominique. "Paspébiac, établissement jersiais : utilisation de l'espace et marchandises de consommation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29325.
Full textZerman, Ece. "Nouvelles pratiques de représentation de soi de la fin de l’Empire ottoman à la république de Turquie : écrits du for privé, photographies, intérieurs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH166.
Full textThis thesis aims to study egodocuments in a period of political and social transformations, from the 1890s to the 1930s. Our study is based on case studies: A diary, almanacs, letters, photo albums, interior photographies as well as a series of published sources. From the end of the 19th century, new forms of self-representation developed in the Ottoman Empire, often related to emergent political discourses. The diffusion of photography and the new techniques of reproduction of texts and images contributed to the development of these new forms of self-representation. Our aim is to analyze written and visual tools of self-representation, that are most of the time intermingled, in an all-encompassing approach. The study of this documentation enables us to analyze, at the individual level, the ways in which the subjects of this study made experience of a world in transformation, constructed and preserved their memories, imagined their future. This also allows us to follow the transnational circulation of objects and practices, as well as their adaption and reappropriation by a “new social base”. Our sources are also the objects of our study. We are also interested in the materialities and uses of these documents as well as in what they tell us on the experiences, emotions, senses and the mise-en-scène or the performance of the self
Dieulefet, Gaëlle. "Les voies détournées du commerce en Méditerranée : constantes portuaires et commerce interlope de la mer des Baléares à la mer Tyrrhénienne (XVe-XVIIIe siècles). : Nouveaux apports céramologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3062.
Full textOur doctoral research deals with maritime material culture and especially in onboard furniture, used in a personal and collective way, whose modalities of acquisitions are usually marginal. Our analysis support is composed of ceramics produced between the XVth and the XVIIIth century coming from harbour dumpsite and shipwreck generally located on the north mediterranean French coast. Think as one major archaeological artéfact, ceramic may help to understand maritime exchanges, dishes and one part of the onboard instrumentum. The diachronic approach of this research leads to a repartition map of harbour dumpsite and shipwreck in north Mediterranean French coast. Our study shed light on the areas of ceramics distribution. We analyzed ceramics according to an adapted issue methodology and confronted with written sources. The results gives us valuable information on relations and uses in western Mediterranean, according to the sample chronology considered and allow us to better understand the everyday life seafarers
Charles, Olivier. "Les nobles dignités, chanoines et chapitres de Bretagne : chanoines et chapitres cathédraux de Bretagne au siècle des Lumières." Rennes 2, 2002. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17414.
Full text@At the heart of a well-documented secular Breton clergy, the 752 Canons of the nine Breton cathedrals of the Age of the Enlightenment, remain very much in the shadows. For, situated between the bishops and rectors, they led independent careers, as more than half of them occupied only on benefice : that of Canon. For the most part Breton, priests, university graduates and descended from the upper classes, they formed relatively homogenous chapters. Being clerics modelled by the rigours of Tridentine law, they carried out their duties in a serious manner. The Canons, who belonged to the poorer chapters of the kingdom, contributed towards the modernization of the Breton towns of the 18th century. Indeed, even if the revenues incurred by their holdings only guaranteed them a modest income, they gradually adopted the habits of the elite town-dwellers as far as housing, comfort and consumption were concerned. Their intellectual culture in itself bears by no means oblivious to changes taking place in the world in which they lived
Bothereau, Benjamin. "À la lanterne ! Modes d’existence d’un objet banal, entre imaginaire technique et politique. Invention, économie urbaine, publics et circulations du «réverbère», Paris, Barcelone, XVIIIe s." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH152.
Full textOur culture has trivialized the streetlamp and deprived it of its meanings. However, the lantern became a visual and semantic revolutionary leitmotiv at the end of the 18th c.As a technical innovation of 18th c streetlighting, the lantern à réverbères optimizes the luminous intensity by using concave metal reflectors (réverbères) to direct the beam of light where needed. If the historiography focused on the Argand’s lamp, this research deals with a far less noble and valued technical element, the reflector. The entwinement of the innovation with narratives and cultural discourses structures its imaginary: artefact biography is therefore a precious tool to approach it, by getting rid of the subject-object distinction in order to question its modes of existence.Firstly, we study the genesis of the lantern and the inscription of its technical imaginary as a rationalized answer to the lighting challenge. To continue with, we analyse the streetlamp in action and its extramaterial properties through its integration to its milieu. Processes of mediation and their transformative power are the next focus, though the study of the technical (transcultural) circulations between France and Spain, and the media of advertising and promotion (technical press, trade cards), all of which shaping the interactions between the invention, the public and the markets. We finish this survey with the political lantern and its paradox, as the artefact, strongly linked to absolute monarchy and police– or military- control, became a revolutionary emblem. By entwining the technical and symbolic functions of the streetlamp, we want to shed light upon the resonances of the political imaginary within the lantern materiality. This study therefore aims at drawing attention to the multi-layered meanings of this so-called “banal” object, and at considering the streetlamp as a significant bearer of cultural identity
Laberge, Marc. "Création d'une nouvelle iconographie sur les Algonquiens du nord-est de l'Amérique à partir des données ethnohistoriques datant d'avant 1760." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28422.
Full textLebon, Sylvie. "« La céramique égyptienne du Néolithique à l’époque arabe. Ses développements régionaux et leurs implications dans l’histoire culturelle de l’Égypte »." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20129.
Full textMy registration to a thesis based on work experience is the outcome and recognition of a ceramologist career in Egypt within the framework of the Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire (Ifao). A large number of archaeological operations throughout Egypt feed my research and they have logically led me to enlarge the issue of regional pottery groups, to compare and to monitor them and to follow their developments from the Neolithic Period to the Islamic Period. The first part of the synthesis provides an archaeological inventory of pottery production centres published in Egypt, from the Predynastic Period to the Modern Era. The second part is devoted to the Egyptian regional pottery groups. A linear and diachronic approach was chosen for the implementation of a general course of regional pottery groups in Egypt from the seventh millennium to the end of the Ottoman Period, attempting to dynamically outline the ruptures or continuities. To illustrate the richness and relevance of this perspective for the study of Egyptian potteries, we propose two case studies that are to the opposite of each other, at a chronological and geographical level as well as at a cultural level. Indeed, each refers to very different historical, cultural and technical issues. One concerns the funerary pottery dated of the end of the Old Kingdom in Bahariya; the other study focuses on Egyptian domestic pottery at the beginning of the Ptolemaic Period, dated around the third century BC
Renier, Marie. "Stratégies muséales à l'égard du patrimoine amérindien : genèse de la collection amérindienne du Musée de la civilisation de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27680/27680.pdf.
Full textDionne, Marie-Michelle. "Gestion de la chaine opératoire de traitement des peaux et implication socioéconomique de la femme dorsétienne (Detroit d'Hudson, Nunavik). Ethnoarchéologie, tracéologie et analyse de genre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29226/29226.pdf.
Full textTo this day, Dorset culture continues to be the subject of numerous debates in the field of Arctic prehistory, regarding its exact définition, the methods it used to establish itself, its expansion, and its disappearance from the eastern portion of the Canadian Arctic, as well as its characteristic socioeconomic organization. An understanding of the chaînes opératoires related to their material culture represents a privileged path to access a universe of technical and socioeconomic choices. By following the ethnographical documentation, we consider that the analysis of the skins working process, for the purpose of producing the garments and equipment necessary to survive in an Arctic environment, could provide access to methods to manage the different phases of this technical activity in time and space, in addition to showing the nature of female contributions throughout seasonal cycles of resources availability. This study demonstrates that, by looking at the différences and similarities gathered through a comparison between the management methods of production processes to treat animal skins used by the Inuit and Dorset cultures, it is possible to suggest a relevant model of the socioeconomic organization of the latter, as well as to approach the nature of their underlying social and gender relations. Being subject to a seansonal cyle of availability and access to resources, while experiencing material needs équivalent to those of the Inuit, the Dorset peoples were able to create a particular method for managing their technical activities and their social relationships, consistent with a cultural and social reality that differs from the one experienced by their successors. A combination of use-wear analyses (identification of the use of tools in chert and quartz) and spatial analyses, completed by an analysis of gender relationships, allows the data necessary in this type of study to be generated. The three archaeological sites chosen are located along the southern coastline of the Hudson Strait in Nunavik. The cultural period covered by these sites covers the transitional phase from ancient to récent Paleo-Eskimo (Pita KcFr-5/2800-2600 B.P.), as well as the one knows as the Dorset phase (Tivi KcFr-8A/2600-1000 B.P. and Tayara KbFk-7/2125-1186 B.P.). Keywords: Paleo-Eskimo, Dorset, skin process chaîne opératoire, lithic analysis, use-wear analysis, archaeological experiments, ethno-archaeology, gender analysis, household analysis, seasonal cycle, tools function, microblades.
Chabot, Jacques. "Les débuts de la sédentarisation et de l'agriculture dans le monde égéen (25 000-5 800 av. J.-C.)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17754.
Full textBellégo, Marine. "Enraciner l'empire : les multiples vies du jardin botanique de Calcutta, c. 1860 - c. 1910." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0156.
Full textEstablished at the end of the eighteenth century by the East India Company, the Calcutta botanic garden became a centre for the acclimatization and classification of plants. The garden was funded by the imperial government and the last three decades of the nineteenth century, when the Raj reached its apex, represented its golden age. Situated in Calcutta, which remained the capital of British India until 1911, the garden contributed both economically and symbolically to the imperial system. This thesis chooses to consider these two aspects together, contrary to garden histories that have generally separated them. While the garden directly served British capitalists by contributing to the agricultural exploitation of colonized lands, it also embodied a historical discourse according to which colonization was a civilizing entreprise. Its semiotically dense space displayed the colonial control over nature. The plants, specimens and publications that it produced played, by word and deed, into the hands of a power that represented itself as global, productive and scientific. Histories of the garden produced within the colonial sphere have therefore insisted on the part it played in the dissemination of new species in India. By doing so, these histories have created a paradigm of botanical introduction that was often taken for granted in the subsequent historical production about the garden. This thesis chooses precisely to study the historical ideology that the garden embodied and sustained, a careful study of which shows that it was full of contradictions, failures and absurdities. Both the garden and the empire that it served were deeply dysfunctional. Based on a great variety of sources, this thesis presents a spatial, material and social history of the garden which sheds new light on the nature of imperialism in India at the end of the nineteenth century
Dagneau, Charles. "La culture matérielle des épaves françaises en Atlantique nord et l'économie-monde capitaliste, 1700-1760." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6426.
Full textDelmas, Vincent. "Les pêcheurs basques au Canada, 1530-1760 : de la culture matérielle à l'identité culturelle." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20411.
Full textNéron, Aimie. "La culture matérielle de l’Auguste (1761) et le rapatriement de l’élite coloniale au sein de l’État moderne." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12453.
Full textTemplier, Sarah. "Under the roof and the pen of Elizabeth Willing Powel. Material culture, sociability, and letters in revolutionary and early republican Philadelphia." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11081.
Full textSet in late eighteenth-century Philadelphia, covering the American revolutionary and the early republican eras, this thesis explores three major and interrelated themes: material culture, sociability, and female agency. It focuses on Elizabeth Willing Powel, a privileged and educated woman of Philadelphia, and on the ways she projected herself to society through the material environment of her house –Powel House - and through her correspondence. Elizabeth Powel was renown for her intellect, her conversations and her hostess qualities. This project explores the interaction between an elite woman and her material environment during the eventful revolutionary and post-revolutionary era, and how material culture conveyed a social, cultural and political stance. By a careful analysis of Elizabeth Powel's correspondence - with a particular attention to her discourse on women's social role, female education, politics, and goods - this thesis observes Elizabeth's social interactions and self-presentation to society. It also explores how material culture and epistolary activities provided Elizabeth with means of agency, and ways to participate to late eighteenth-century American society, then undergoing crucial transformations.
Gratton, Olivier. "Archéologie d’un marchand loyaliste à Montréal, 1805-1815. James Dunlop, son réseau, et l’économie-monde transatlantique." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21573.
Full textReinhardt, Chanelle. "Transférer à Paris « tout ce qu'il y a de beau en Italie » : conquêtes matérielles au service de l'édification nationale (1796-1798)." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25578.
Full textDuring the victorious Italian Campaign (1796-1797) that took place during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802), a significant number of precious objects were seized and transported to Paris, the new self-proclaimed epicentre of European culture and knowledge. The list of objects was long, varied, and prestigious. Agricultural tools, minerals, rare books, scientific treatises, seeds, musical scores, plant specimens, and above all, monuments from antiquity and Renaissance paintings, were amassed for the purpose of gracing the institutions of the French capital. On 9 and 10 Thermidor year VI (27th and 28th of July, 1798), the convoy was paraded through the streets of Paris in a celebration titled l’Entrée triomphale des objets de sciences et d’arts recueillis en Italie (the triumphal entry of objects of the sciences and arts collected in Italy). En route to their new destination, the precious objects were subjected to the contingencies of the voyage. Buried in sealed and tarred crates marked with the official seal of the Republic and piled onto straw-filled carts, they journeyed over mountains, on roads, through ports, across seas, and down rivers, canals, streets and boulevards. Although the objects were hidden and kept far from areas traditionally studied by art history, they received wide coverage in newspapers that avidly chronicled the convoy’s adventures through volatile areas and rugged terrain. What is more, the journey took place against a backdrop of great social unrest and political crises, while the regime of the Directory (1795-1799) struggled to establish its legitimacy and the Counter-Revolution rose in the wake of the legislative elections. Drawing on a theoretical framework bridging mobility studies, material studies, nationalism studies, and the history of emotions, this dissertation demonstrates that the transit between Rome and Paris became a narrative epic that outlined a French identity in search of unity. In fact, the objects’ transit from Italy became a lever of national edification that mobilized the themes that are the basis of patriotic sentiment, such as civilizational superiority, technical knowledge, and moral ascendancy. Three major moments will be studied: the seizure of the objects, their transportation, and the moment of celebration.