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Nyrén, Jenny. "Translating American food culture from English to Swedish : A study of cultural references in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26349.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the different solutions used when translating cultural references. The source text is an extract from The Omnivore’s Dilemma. A Natural History of Four Meals (2006), written by Michael Pollan, and the material that this study is based on is taken from that text, as well as from my translation of that extract. The theme of the book is American food culture from various perspectives, which results in a culturally specific text. The cultural references in this study regard phenomena such as food-related items, geographical places and names, etc. In the translation of these cultural references, I used a combination of methods. The strategies used were Ingo’s complementary addition, Vinay and Darbelnet’s equivalence and adaptation, as well as Newmark’s transference. The analysis of the translation showed that the most used strategy was transference, which was expected considering that the purpose of the text is to present American food culture and the ambition and aim of the translation was to keep as many cultural references as possible in the target text. One conclusion that could be drawn from the study was that the purpose of the text and the intended TT reader are main factors when deciding how to translate cultural references.
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Olk, Harald Martin. "The translation of cultural references : an empirical investigation into the translation of culture-specific lexis by degree-level language students." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392709.
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Björk, Anna. "Not for Sale : Terminology and cultural references in a text on human trafficking." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32505.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse what strategies may be the most suitable ones when dealing with problems in the translation of a text on human trafficking. The focus of the study is how to translate terminology related to human trafficking, but also on how to deal with references to culture-specific phenomena. In order to find possible solutions for translation problems in the text, different dictionaries and term banks were used, as well as parallel texts and different translation strategies. The analysis is based on the translation strategies laid down by Vinay and Darbelnet, Ingo and Newmark. The findings of the study show that a number of different translation strategies had to be applied in order to solve the different translation problems. Regarding the translation of terminology, modulation, equivalence, addition and omission were the most useful strategies, as well as using parallel texts. The strategies found most useful in translating culture-specific phenomena were modulation, equivalence and addition, but componential analysis, transference and established translations were also used. Factors that decided what were the most appropriate strategies to apply in the different instances were the aim of the text, the perspective of the target reader and parallel texts.
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Wade, Richard Peter. "A systematics for interpreting past structures with possible cosmic references in Sub-Saharan Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05052009-174557/.
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Petersson, Eva. "Translating a Guidebook : - How to Deal with Idioms and Metaphors, Temporal Deictic Expressions and References to Culture-specific Phenomena." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12601.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine what methods might be employed in translation from English to Swedish of a guidebook on a foreign culture. Vinay and Darbelnet's model for translation strategies, as presented in Comparative Stylistics of French and English. A Methodology for Translation (1995), makes up the primary theoretical basis of the study. It comprises direct translation methods - borrowing, calque and literal translation - and indirect methods - transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation. Newmark's solutions for translating metaphors (Newmark 2001) also proved useful - among them paraphrasing, replacing images with their corresponding target language images and omitting the metaphor. To obtain data I translated some passages from Borneo (2008). Different procedures employed were identified along with translation problems. The study deals with the translation of metaphors, deictic time references and various culture-specific phenomena. Most of the above-mentioned strategies were applied, without a recognizable systematic pattern, though. This study, however, merely scratches the surface of this rich and interesting source. To future translation students, guidebooks - due to their great variety of topics, often outlined by different writers, each with an individual style - are likely to offer many interesting translation issues, whether to do with terminology, grammar or stylistics.
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Sundqvist, Sofia. "Dealing with Cultural Issues in Translating Blog Columns by Jeff Klima." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12586.
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The aim of this essay is to identify and discuss possible solutions to problems regarding the translation of certain cultural references in blog columns by the American author Jeff Klima. More specifically, these cultural references are general cultural aspects, swear words and references to people. General cultural aspects include references to historical events, religious festivities, publications, cultural stereotypes and culturally based idioms. I use Vinay and Darbelnet’s strategies of direct and oblique translation, as well as Nida’s concepts of formal and dynamic equivalence. I also use Newmark’s strategies of semantic versus communicative translation, and Ingo’s adaption strategy. I find that there is no universal solution applicable to all types of culturally related issues in translation, but that every case is unique and requires a unique solution. What can be said, however, is that semantic translations and word-for-word translations are rarely applicable when it comes to cultural issues. True for all issues, however, is that the translator needs to be perfectly clear on what the author is saying and who the receiver, or target reader, is in order to begin to explore which strategy is best to use.
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Figueiredo, Franciele Bandeira. "Patrimônio imaterial e turismo: a cultura gastronômica do agnolini." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2009. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/390.
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Inicialmente é apresentado o resgate teórico e documental sobre o tema Patrimônio Cultural de Natureza Imaterial, foco da dissertação. Seguindo as ideias da Convenção para a Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial da UNESCO e o método de pesquisa proposto pelo IPHAN no Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais INRC, optou-se por investigar se o Agnolini, como manifestação da gastronomia da Região de Colonização Italiana, na Serra Gaúcha, RS, Brasil, poderia ser caracterizado como referência cultural imaterial nos termos do INRC. Diante dessa problemática, os métodos utilizados no processo foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, as técnicas da etnografia e história oral e a aplicação do questionário sobre ofícios e modos de fazer do INRC. A base epistemológica das discussões é a Antropologia seguindo a luz da interpretação. A pesquisa propõe a inserção do patrimônio cultural imaterial nos estudos Turísticos, em particular no Turismo Cultural.<br>Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-23T17:44:30Z
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Dissertacao Franciele B Figueiredo.pdf: 8003638 bytes, checksum: 20b9deddda314af8c1ce51160c2ae80e (MD5)<br>Initially we present the theoretical and documental rescue on the Cultural Heritage of Intangible Nature that is the focus of the dissertation. Following the ideas of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO and the research method proposed by IPHAN of the Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais INRC. We chose to investigate whether Agnolini, as manifestation of the gastronomy of the Italian Colonization Region in Serra Gaúcha, RS, Brazil, could be characterized as intangible cultural reference in terms of INRC. Thus the methods used in the process were bibliographic and documental research, the technique of ethnography and oral history and the application of a questionnaire about crafts and ways of making , as suggested by the INRC. The epistemological basis of the discussions is the Anthropology following the light of the interpretation. The research proposes the insertion of the intangible cultural heritage in Tourism studies particularly in the Cultural Tourism.
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Vierrether, Tanja. "Cultural and Linguistic Issues of Sitcom Dubbing: An Analysis of "Friends"." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1494865832944617.
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Fernandes, Bernardo Castro. "Cultura histórica, razão instrumental e ética pluralista: reflexões sobre as relações entre mídia e a guerra do Iraque." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5958.
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-06<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The historical culture produced by the media of mass communication conveys the idea of the world from the perspective of the big capital, which is the sponsor of the mediatic apparatus that forges the conscience of people, educating them for capitalism. These media, together with those economic interests form a large piece of the cultural production in the contemporary world. The power of the Capital upon the historical culture produced within the society brings harmful consequences for citizenship and democracy. These come to be mere accessories of the economic logic, which works with the principles of the instrumental reason. Our purpose with this thesis is to unfold the conditioning in the historical culture generated by the magazine Veja about the Iraq War that is underlying its speech. We intend to place these facts in the long duration and investigate how much the modern paradigm, responsible for forging the idea of superiority in the Western civilization, is present in the roots of the historical culture induced by this media. We seek to establish some ethical references, attached to multiculturalism emancipatory, in order to criticize the paradigm that legitimizes ideologically the fundamental actions which we intend to analyze. This critique must be used as raw material for the settings of the new conter-hegemonic historical culture. The cultural richness existing in the world may be contemplated, according to the Educational National Plan of the Human Rights in Brazil.<br>A cultura histórica produzida pelos grandes meios de comunicação de massa veicula uma visão de mundo ligada aos interesses do grande capital, financiador de todo o aparato midiático, que forja a consciência das pessoas, educando-as para o capital. Estas mídias, atreladas a tais interesses econômicos, constituem uma larga parcela da produção cultural no mundo contemporâneo. O poder do capital sobre a cultura histórica produzida na sociedade traz conseqüências danosas para a cidadania e a democracia, que passam a ser meros acessórios da lógica econômica, ligada aos princípios da razão instrumental. Objetivamos, com este trabalho, descortinar os condicionamentos existentes na cultura histórica produzida pela revista Veja acerca da Guerra do Iraque, e que estão subjacentes ao seu discurso, procurando colocar este acontecimento dentro da longa duração e investigando o quanto o paradigma moderno, forjador da idéia de superioridade da civilização ocidental, está presente nas raízes da cultura histórica produzida por esta publicação. Procuramos, também, estabelecer alguns referenciais éticos, atrelados ao multiculturalismo emancipatório, de forma a fazer uma crítica ao paradigma que legitima ideologicamente as ações imperiais que nos propomos a analisar. Esta crítica deve servir de matéria-prima para a configuração de uma nova cultura histórica contra-hegemônica, na qual a riqueza cultural existente no mundo possa ser contemplada, de acordo com o Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos.
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Chotova, Elena. "Les références culturelles dans les titres d'article de la presse russe contemporaine." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL025/document.
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Notre sujet de recherche est l'étude du phénomène citationnel dans les titres d'articles de la presse russe contemporaine. Les citations présentes dans les titres renvoient à différentes références culturelles textuelles : des citations d'oeuvres littéraires, d'écrits politiques, de textes de chansons, de titres ou de répliques de films, etc. La présente étude est réalisée sur 25 journaux et magazines des années 2002-2004 touchant un lectorat très large, du fait de leur tirage allant de 50000 à 3 millions d'exemplaires. Nous démontrons dans notre étude que ces citations appartiennent au phénomène appelé dans la langue russe "krylatye slova" (paroles ailées) qui désigne le phénomène des citations courantes. Ce phénomène, qui existe dans d'autres langues, n'a jamais été jusqu'à présent l'objet d'étude en tant que phénomène linguistique et culturel en France. L'utilisation de ces citations courantes, connues d'un large public à une époque donnée, dans un pays donné, est un marqueur d'identification nationale pour les locuteurs, qui n'ont pu avoir accès à la majorité de ces références que par l'exposition à une éducation commune et à une vie dans un champ culturel commun. Notre étude de l'utilisation de ces citations dans les titres d'article de la presse russe contemporaine donne donc un aperçu sur les références qui constituent le fonds culturel commun des Russes d'aujourd'hui. Notre étude propose également un instrument accessible à tous permettant de découvrir et recenser ces références, actualisées à une époque donnée<br>The subject of our research work is the study of the quotations phenomena that appear in the articles titles of the contemporary russian press. These quotations refer to source texts belonging to different categories of the culture : literary works, political works, songs, movies,... Our research work is based on the analysis of articles published in 25 russian newspapers and magazines, mainly on the period 2002-2004. These newspapers and magazines address a wide public, with prints up to 3 millions. We demonstrate in our work that the quotations that may be found in the article titles are "krylatye slova" (winged words, that is to say usual quotations). This phenomena exist as such in russian and german linguistics but has not been studied until now as a specific phenomena in french linguistics. The usage of winged words, quotations widely known by the general public at a given period of time in a specific country, is a sign of national identification for the speakers, as these quotations refer to cultural knowledge they could acquire only through a common education and exposure to life in the same country. Our work gives an overview of the common cultural references of the contemporary russian people, and proposes a tool, accessible to everybody, to discover these references, actualized at a specific period of time
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Campos, Sandra Maria Christiani de La Torre Lacerda. "Bonecas Karajá: modelando inovações, transmitindo tradições." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2717.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-22<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>From the collections of stored ceramic dolls in museum, in this work are analysed the connections between art and society. The systematics of classification and organization of collections in ethnographic museums is reducing that category of figurative art to a toy of girl , while for the Anthropology, the object assumes the role of a proof of social practices as a product of its origin culture. The examination of Karajá dolls collections at the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of São Paulo University, the dialogue with the producing society where the object circulates among several spheres of the cultural life, and the incorporation of conceptual bases of an anthropology of objects,
has as focus the symbolic references of the social divisions and the knowledges and making transmissions about the relation between art and social life. There is an analysis on the corporeal painting and the ornamental
standards of the figures, believing that the aesthetic manifestations are characterized as insignia of tribal identification and a peculiar way of that society to make explicit its cosmological universe. The internal circulation
of the dolls, differently of what occurs in the museums collections, happens in a manner of sets which are offered to the girls. Each set named of family represents the age phases, identified by ornamental attributes corresponding to each one of them. That way of circulation, subordinated to a series of internal traditional rules comes corroborating the hypothesis
of that the objects surpass the toy category, leading to the understanding
of Karajá familiar structure and of the dynamics of changes or permanencies of several spheres of the social life<br>Este trabalho analisa as conexões entre arte e sociedade a partir de coleções de bonecas cerâmicas armazenadas em museu. A sistemática de classificação e organização
de coleções em museus etnográficos vem reduzindo essa categoria da arte figurativa a brinquedo de menina , ao passo que para a antropologia, o objeto assume
o papel de testemunho de práticas sociais vinculadas a cultura de origem.O exame das coleções de bonecas Karajá do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo, o diálogo com a sociedade produtora em que o objeto circula entre várias esferas da vida cultural, e a incorporação de bases conceituais da antropologia, tem como foco as referências simbólicas das divisões sociais e a transmissão de saberes e fazeres acerca da relação entre arte e vida social. Analiso
a pintura corporal e os padrões ornamentais das figuras Karajá, na condição de manifestações estéticas que se caracterizam como insígnias de identificação tribal e uma forma peculiar dessa sociedade explicitar seu universo cosmológico. A circulação
interna das bonecas, diferente do que ocorre nas coleções de museus, se dá em forma de conjuntos que são presenteados às meninas. Cada conjunto chamado de família representa as fases de idade, identificadas pelos atributos ornamentais
e pelas características físicas expressas no corpo correspondentes a cada uma delas. Essa forma de circulação submetida a uma série de regras tradicionais internas
vem corroborando a hipótese de que os objetos superam a categoria brinquedo, levando à compreensão da estrutura familiar Karajá e da dinâmica de mudanças ou permanências de várias esferas da vida social
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Araújo, Wendy Almeida de. "Os ritmos tradicionais nos tambores do tocantins: constituições identitárias e processos culturais." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3193.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-23<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The guiding theme of this research is the appropriation of traditional rhythms of Tocantins on
a percussive music project called Tocantins Drums. The empirical corpus is a set of rhythms: sússia, catira, drum, roda and congo. The choise was motivated because they have cultural reference in the State. The goal was identify the Tocantins Drums group formation and appropriate. For this purpose was achieved, it was proposed specifically: understand the importance of the relationship between culture and communication and subaltern culture and mass culture; identify which group's proposal and how the rhythms are worked; understand how to constitute the identities of the group, to identify the elements and belonging of the project participants; verify that the more traditional groups are recognized in the representation of the Drums of Tocantins and realize what the differences between them.The assumptions were that participants in the group Drums of Tocantins developed from a traditional style, but incorporating elements of mass culture, its own forms and styles of cultural expression and acquired a positive stance in relation to the rhythms and music critics as massive , which could result in the construction of their identity.After the conclusion of the proposed research, it was found that not exacly those factors constitute the identity of the group, but a greater bond, the social inclusion.<br>O tema norteador dessa pesquisa é a apropriação de ritmos tradicionais tocantinenses em um projeto de música percussiva chamado Tambores do Tocantins. O corpus empírico é um conjunto de ritmos: sússia, catira, tambor, congo e roda. A escolha desse objeto foi motivada por eles serem referência nas manifestações culturais do Estado. O objetivo era identificar a dinâmica de formação de identidade do grupo Tambores do Tocantins, na medida em que esses ritmos são apropriados. Para que tal fim fosse alcançado, propôs-se especificamente: compreender a importância da relação entre cultura e comunicação e cultura subalterna e cultura de massa; identificar qual a proposta do grupo Tambores do Tocantins e como os
ritmos são trabalhados; compreender como se constitui as identidades do grupo; identificar os elementos singularizantes e de pertencimento dos participantes do projeto; verificar se os grupos mais tradicionais se reconhecem na representação do Tambores do Tocantins e perceber quais as diferenças entre eles. Os pressupostos eram que os participantes do grupo Tambores do Tocantins desenvolviam a partir de um estilo tradicional, mas incorporando elementos da cultura de massa, suas próprias formas e estilos de expressão cultural, e adquiriam uma postura positiva em relação aos ritmos e crítica quanto a música massiva, o
que poderia resultar na construção de sua identidade. Após a conclusão das investigações propostas, constatou-se que não são exatamente esses fatores que constituem a identidade de grupo do Tambores do Tocantins, mas um vínculo maior, a inclusão social.
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Gossieaux, Caroline. "Enseigner la culture littéraire en FLE : mieux comprendre et interpréter le monde vu par les natifs en décryptant les références littéraires dans la presse." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5125.
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Cette recherche se situe dans le domaine de la didactique des langues et a trait à l'exploitation pédagogique de la littérature en tant que composante de la culture cible. Elle s'appuie sur une expérience menée en classe de français langue étrangère auprès d'étudiants étrangers non spécialistes de littérature et évoluant en milieu universitaire français, qui consistait à mettre en place des activités et projets autour des références littéraires présentes dans les titres et textes journalistiques français. L'hypothèse est que ces activités de décryptage de références culturelles, qui correspondent à une valeur d'usage social de la littérature à la mesure de ces apprenants en FLE, favorisent leur apprentissage du français dans le développement de la composante interprétative de leurs compétences culturelles. Une première expérimentation portant sur l'acquisition de connaissances littéraires tient compte de l'orientation actuelle de la didactique des langues vers des mises en oeuvre de type actionnel ; le suivi des étapes principales de réalisation de ces projets culturels autour d'auteurs français (Proust, Molière) en fait apparaître les deux tâches les plus caractéristiques : recherche documentaire et observation/analyse de documents. Une deuxième expérimentation portant sur l'utilisation de connaissances littéraires acquises considère le lien chez les natifs entre références communes et argumentation contenues dans trois articles de presse ; les observations permettent de mesurer l'impact de la culture littéraire en constitution chez des apprenants en français langue étrangère sur leur capacité à exercer une compétence interprétative. L'analyse des productions orales et écrites de ces apprenants permet de mettre en évidence certains éléments du rapport références littéraires/interprétation/acquisition du FLE qui peuvent servir à l'élaboration de situations autres que celles de l'enseignement de ou avec la littérature. En effet, toute mesure gardée sur sa portée et ses limites, cette étude peut intéresser tout enseignant de FLE désireux de développer chez ses apprenants l'acquisition d'un pan de culture cultivée (histoire, arts,...) à travers les usages et représentations de celle-ci chez les natifs<br>The research presented in this doctoral thesis is situated in the field of language didactics and deals with the pedagogical exploitation of literature as a component of the target culture. The research presented is based on in-class experiments carried out with foreign students learning French as a foreign language during a stay in France. The students in question were not specialists in literature, and the experiment consisted in a series of activities and projects that focused on literary references that were present in French journalistic sources (both within titles and the texts themselves). The hypothesis that guided this research is that the deciphering of cultural references that contain a value of social usage of literature corresponding to an accessible level for the learners of French as a foreign language facilitates the development of the interpretative component of their cultural competences. The first experiment respected the current task-based orientation of language didactics. Through monitoring the principal stages involved in the completion of these cultural projects, which were focused on French authors (Proust, Molière), two tasks were revealed as particularly characteristic: literature search and observation/analysis of documents. The second experiment examined the use of acquired literary knowledge. More specifically, this part of the research project analyzed, for native speakers of French, the connection between shared references and argumentation patterns found in three articles taken from the French press. The observations that resulted from this part of the research project made it possible to measure the impact of the learners' developing literary culture in French as a foreign language on their ability to use an interpretative competence. The analysis of oral and written productions from the learners who participated in this project reveals certain traces of the relationship between literary references/interpretation/acquisition of French, which can be used to create situations in teaching above and beyond the teaching of or with literature. Indeed, without overstating the importance of the current research and recognizing its limitations, the results may interest teachers of French as a foreign language who wish to help their students to develop the acquisition of a portion of Culture (history, arts, ...) based on natives' own use and representation
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Gao, Peng. "La transferencia de los referentes culturales en el fansubbing del español al chino : El caso de la serie de televisión española El Ministerio del Tiempo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673487.
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La presente tesis abarca la transferencia de los referentes culturales en el fansubbing del español al chino a través de un corpus de la serie de televisión española El Ministerio del Tiempo compuesto por las traducciones del grupo Shenying y del grupo YYeTs.
En el análisis cuantitativo no solo atendemos la densidad de los referentes culturales en el corpus, sino que también analizamos el uso de las técnicas de traducción para después centrarnos en las relaciones entre la clasificación de los referentes culturales y la clasificación de las técnicas de traducción. En el análisis cualitativo prestamos atención a la amplificación con las notas en la pantalla para luego hablar de sus formas, situaciones de uso, funciones y problemas observados en el corpus.
Esta tesis es de gran valor en los Estudios de Traducción ya que profundiza en el estudio de las técnicas en una forma de traducción no profesional. Además, su énfasis recae en la transferencia de los referentes culturales del español al chino, tema importante para la formación de los traductores audiovisuales en esta combinación lingüística.<br>This dissertation aims to research the rendering of cultural references in the fansubbing of Spanish into Chinese based on a corpus of translations of the Spanish TV series The Ministry of Time by the groups Shenying and YYeTs.
In the quantitative analysis, we not only study the density of cultural references in the corpus, but we also analyze the translation techniques used. Then, we focus on the relations between the classification of cultural references and the classification of translation techniques. In the qualitative analysis, we pay attention to the use of amplification with notes on the screen before summarizing its forms, situations of use, functions and problems that were observed in the corpus.
This dissertation has great value for Translation Studies as it delves into the study of the translation techniques in a non-professional translational form. Furthermore, it emphasizes on the rendering of cultural references from Spanish to Chinese, an important issue for audiovisual translators’ training of this language combination.
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Chang, Suzana. "The Influence of Cultural Factors Including Language on Business Outcomes: Perceptions and Experiences of New Zealand exporters in Asia with reference to South Korea." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9373.
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This thesis examines the role of language and culture in international business. Through a theoretical framework, it investigates how these are integrated and argues that an understanding of the complexity of the relationship between language and culture in cross-cultural communication is crucial in international business, as essentially it provides an explanation as to what effective communication means. The premise that language and cultural barriers might be preventing New Zealand businesses from enhanced engagement in Asia was investigated using quantitative data obtained from an online survey of New Zealand exporters supported by qualitative data from case studies. The results revealed that New Zealand companies were expressing much apprehension regarding language and cultural barriers prior to entry into Asia but upon entry, they had found that the experience had not been as difficult as anticipated. English alone was sufficient for the most part, particularly during the early phases. However, if businesses wanted to commit fully on a long term engagement with Asia, then English alone was not enough because without the knowledge of the local language and culture, they could not communicate effectively to build long-term relationships. Faced with a rapidly changing, increasingly competitive multilingual global environment, this study suggests that New Zealand businesses will need to find practical solutions to best enhance their opportunities in Asia.
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Horn, Adrian Michael. "Americanisation and youth culture : juke boxes and cultural fusions, with special reference to northwest England 1945-1960." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428879.
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Yu, Xiaobing. "Bamboo: structure and culture utilizing bamboo in the industrial context with reference to its structure and cultural dimensions." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988931664/04.
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Wu, Sian-Huang. "Traducción y recepción de la subtitulación chino-español. Análisis de la cultura lingüística como referente cultural." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120546.
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Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio de la traducción y la subtitulación englobando la cultura lingüística como referente cultural en seis películas taiwanesas subtituladas al español. Nuestros objetivos son los siguientes: 1) otorgar un concepto dinámico a la cultura lingüística que nos permita englobar los aspectos lingüísticos y paralingüísticos a fin de identificar las características de los personajes de las películas; 2) analizar la correlación entre las técnicas de traducción más utilizadas para las categorías de nuestra clasificación de referentes culturales y su recepción según la accesibilidad a los contextos situacionales; y 3) realizar una encuesta que nos sirva para averiguar cómo los elementos cinematográficos (subtítulos, imágenes, pista sonora) pueden condicionar la recepción de los informantes españoles.
La metodología del presente trabajo de investigación consiste en extraer los referentes culturales del corpus según nuestra clasificación de referentes culturales, diseñar un modelo de análisis de la recepción de los referentes culturales incluyendo el producto de la traducción (subtítulos, imágenes, pista sonora), el proceso de traducción (técnicas y estrategias de traducción) y la recepción de los referentes culturales (entorno cognitivo de los informantes taiwaneses y españoles), y realizar una encuesta que nos permita analizar la recepción de la subtitulación de Rebeldes del dios Neón.
Según los resultados obtenidos en nuestra investigación, en primer lugar concluimos que, si bien la traducción al español de los referentes culturales de la cultura lingüística extraídos del corpus consigue una equivalencia desde el punto de vista lingüístico, la equivalencia conceptual puede ser distinta si nos atenemos a la perspectiva pragmática. En segundo lugar, los análisis de la correlación entre las técnicas de traducción más utilizadas en las categorías de nuestra clasificación de referentes culturales confirman que, mayoritariamente, la accesibilidad a los contextos situacionales de los referentes culturales es un factor crucial a la hora de analizar la recepción de los mismos. En tercer lugar, los datos obtenidos de nuestra encuesta muestran que las imágenes correspondientes a los referentes culturales no ayudan a los informantes españoles de una manera significativa debido a que la mayoría de los elementos culturales provienen de la cultura lingüística y, en Rebeldes del dios Neón, se ha preferido neutralizar o implicitar el lenguaje original. Asimismo, a los informantes españoles les resulta más difícil interpretar los fragmentos sin diálogos debido a la distancia cultural. En cuanto a la pista sonora, el elemento paralingüístico acento tampoco puede ser identificado por la audiencia meta, dado que dicho elemento cultural requiere ciertos conocimientos lingüísticos y culturales si queremos que nos sirva para identificar a los personajes de dicha película.<br>This thesis focuses on how translation and subtitling deals with linguistic culture in six Taiwanese films with Spanish subtitles. Our objectives are: 1) to provide a dynamic concept to linguistic culture that allows us to include linguistic and paralinguistic aspects in order to identify the characteristics of the characters in the films, 2) to analyze the relationship between the most used translation techniques for the categories of our classification of cultural references and its reception in terms of context accessibility, and 3) to create a survey that will help us to find out how the film elements (subtitles, images, audio tracks) may condition the reception of the Spanish audience.
The methodology of this research consists in extracting the cultural references from the corpus according to our classification of cultural references, designing an analytical model for the reception of cultural references which includes the translation product (subtitles, images, audio tracks), the translation process (translation techniques and strategies) and the reception of cultural references (cognitive environment of Taiwanese and Spanish recipients), and creating a survey which enables us to analyze the reception of Rebels of the Neon God.
First, according to the results of this research, we conclude that even though the Spanish translation of cultural references which are extracted from the category of linguistic culture should be considered equivalent from the linguistic point of view, the conceptual equivalence may differ in their pragmatic dimension. Second, the analysis of the relationship between the most used translation techniques in the categories of our classification of cultural references shows that the accessibility to the contexts of the cultural references is a key factor when it comes to analyzing if the reception of the audience is similar between the source language and target language cultures. Also, the data of our survey shows that the images associated to the cultural references do not help the Spanish respondents in a significant way, because most of the cultural elements belong to the category of linguistic culture, which translators tend to neutralize or implicitate. Furthermore, it is difficult for the Spanish audience to interpret the fragments of the film without dialogues due to the cultural distance. As for the soundtrack, the paralinguistic element 'accent' cannot be identified by the Spanish audience, since this cultural element requires a certain linguistic and cultural knowledge if it is needed to identify the characters of this film.
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Oh, Hyunchul Henry. "Preaching as interaction between church and culture with specific reference to the Korean church /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04082004-101905/.
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Sarapuk, Anna. "Connaissances culturelles et contextuelles dans la traduction lors du passage du polonais en français." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30019/document.
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Les compétences linguistiques sont fondamentales à l’exercice du métier de traducteur. La connaissance de la culture d’origine et d’arrivée est elle aussi d’une importance primordiale pour transmettre la richesse d’un ouvrage. La question de la place du culturel dans la traduction est abordée par les chercheurs en traductologie depuis une trentaine d’années, et les critères définis sont de plus en plus précis. Cependant, le couple spécifique que constitue le polonais vers le français n’est encore que peu étudié. Nous nous interrogeons donc sur l’expression des connaissances culturelles et contextuelles dans la traduction lors du passage du polonais vers le français. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur un corpus issu majoritairement des littératures de grande diffusion : notre questionnement porte sur la place de la culture, tant individuelle que nationale, quand l’objectif premier du texte est autre que culturel, ainsi que sur l’importance apportée à sa traduction. Notre réflexion s’appuie sur les oeuvres d’un grand auteur de fantasy, Andrzej Sapkowski, Polonais à la renommée mondiale,et aux traductions ver s le français de ses oeuvres. Nos observations sont par ailleurs complétées par une analyse de la même problématique dans le polar et le roman historique. La question que nous posons est la suivante : dans des textes polonais dont l’objectif premier n’est pas la transmission de la culture, mais le divertissement du public, quels types de connaissances culturelles et contextuelles sont présents, quelle place occupent-ils et comment sont-ils transmis en français ? Nous nous demanderons également quelle est l’incidence s’ils sont occultés. Afin de répondre à ces interrogations, nous proposons une classification des références culturelles et contextuelles qui correspondent à une typologie possible du culturème dans la traduction polono-française, applicable à d’autres littératures que celles de grande diffusion. Pour chacune des catégories et sous-catégories distinguées, nous analysons des exemples précis d’application dans notre corpus. Ceci nous permet de mettre à jour les pratiques les plus courantes dans la traduction des littératures de grande diffusion, et peut-être d’envisager d’autres approches<br>Linguistic skills are essential for translators. However, a profound knowledge of source andtarget cultures is also fundamental for transmitting all the richness of a work. Researchershave been working on the importance of translating culture for thirty years, and the criteriathey define are more and more precise. However, translation from Polish into French has beenlittle studied. Therefore, we examine the expression of cultural and contextual knowledge inPolish-to-French translations. To do that, we mainly use a corpus of broadcasting texts andquestion the importance of both individual and national culture when the primary goal of textis not cultural transmission: how to translate such cultural elements? We focus our researchon the works of the famous Polish fantasy writer Andrzej Sapkowski and their Frenchtranslations. We also include thrillers and historical novels in our research. In Polish textswhere the primary objective is not transmitting culture but entertaining a wide range of public,what kind of cultural and contextual knowledge is expressed, what importance does it haveand how is it translated into French? We also question the impact of the absence of suchcultural elements in the translations. To answer all these questions, we establish aclassification of cultural references that can be considered as a possible typology for thecultureme in translation from Polish into French that may apply to other types of texts. Foreach category and subcategory, we analyze specific examples from our corpus of texts. Thisallows us to recognize most frequent practices in broadcasting literature translations, andperhaps offer new approaches
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Steward, Jill. "The development of tourist culture and the formation of social and cultural identities 1800-1914, with particular reference to Central Europe." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3031/.
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The essays presented here for submission for the degree of PhD by publication were published between 1998 and 2006 and (with one exception) consist of sole-authored studies in cultural history focused on the development of tourist culture in the period 1800-1914. Cultural history as a field of academic study is a rich area for interdisciplinary research and these case studies draw on a wide range of disciplines — anthropology, cultural geography, the history of medicine, visual culture, media and literature for theoretical and methodological support. Together, they constitute a coherent examination of the material and cultural factors influencing the development and expansion of tourist culture across the European continent and an exploration of its role in the formation of the social and cultural identities of people and places in the period 1800-1914, in different contexts and from different perspectives. The essays fall into two main groups. The first focuses on material and cultural factors influencing the growth of tourism in central Europe: its relationship to the development of urban culture and nationalism in the region and to the discourses and practices relating to health and leisure that supported the spa trade. A particular concern is the contribution of a developing tourist culture to the formation of cultural identities within the Habsburg Monarchy in an era of growing nationalism. For the state, tourism represented an opportunity to counteract its growing weakness by capitalising on the imperial image (a key element in touristic images of Vienna), to bolster the image of the Monarchy abroad and attract valuable foreign currency. At the same time the growth of tourism contributed to that weakness by reinforcing perceptions of cultural distinctiveness in areas influenced by growing national and regional self-consciousness. The second group of essays focuses on the production of tourists and the creation of a market for different types of tourism through an examination of the discourses influencing tourist motivations and behaviours, the experience and performance of place and the broader question of how and why tourists were attracted to particular places. A theme running through both sets of essays is that of the way that the spread of tourist culture, geographically and socially, contributed to the formation of cultural identities as particular social groups incorporated tourist practices into their lifestyles, and the places they visited acquired distinctive tourist images. Key factors in this process were the media and cultural industries responsible for the production and dissemination of travel-related forms of literature and visual culture. These industries helped to shape tourism as an economic and social institution by influencing the way in which particular places were produced for tourists and the manner in which they were perceived, experienced and performed as, for example, in case of the relationship between the British and different parts of continental Europe.
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Öztürk, M. (Mehmet). "Student agency for democratic culture in schools:a thematic analysis of reference framework of competences for democratic culture." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201908172770.
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Abstract. Neoliberal education paradigm consists of theories such as human capital theory and social capital theory. The aim of neoliberal education paradigm is to increase the effectiveness of education systems. Effective education systems are expected to integrate students to the work force to create a prosperous society with a more opportunities for work and in life for the citizens. Schooling practices such as classrooms, subjects, curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment are structured based on this paradigm. Decisionmakers are more influential on these practices than students. In that context, neoliberal education paradigm limits the democratic practices in education and ignores promoting democratic culture in schools.
Creating democratic culture in schools and education requires a student-centered approach. The Council of Europe published “the reference framework of competences for democratic culture” as the core of the “free to speak, safe to learn — democratic schools for all” campaign in 2018. The framework aims to increase the students’ competences so that they can deal with complex social issues in Europe, such as populism and extremism, within democracy. The framework offers a student-centered approach to schooling.
The aim of this study is to analyze how the framework define student agency in relation to creating democratic culture in schools for Europe. The research questions for the analysis are “How does the framework define student agency in relation to democratic culture in schools?” and “How does the framework connect student agency and school context?”. The framework is analyzed by using thematic analysis. The themes that I have developed in my analysis are: democratic environment in schools; conventional approaches to schooling; teachers teaching the competences; students as democratic agents. The research paradigm relies on poststructuralism and critical pedagogy.
The framework adapts a student-centered approach and aims to create a space for students to practice their agency in all aspects of schooling. Students are expected to be autonomous individuals who can function in a democracy. However, some practices are under the influence of neoliberal education paradigm. Democratic culture is to be promoted by questioning and changing the neoliberal schooling practices and the methods to teach democracy. Schooling practices is to be inclusive to create a more robust democratic platform for every stakeholder of the school community to practice democracy.
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Lam, Kin Man. "Culture-specific reference and functional priority : function shifts through speech translation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2178683.
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Guillemot, Sabine. "Trans-lingual : a study of bilingualism with special reference to translation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389716.
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Toi, Claire. "Culture, race and therapy : with special reference to South African Chinese therapists." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49900.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Differences between the therapist and the client such as differing genders, social classes, races,
cultures and languages, inevitably influence the therapeutic situation. This research assignment
reviews the literature available concerning multicultural counselling. the variables which therapists
contend with in a multicultural therapeutic situation and the state of multicultural therapy in South
Africa. The main body of this assignment focuses on the training experiences. as well as the
countertransfcrential experiences. of therapists from a minority group with specific attention given to
South African Chinese therapists. Also included are helpful ways of addressing the potential
difficulties that arise in a therapeutic relationship where the culture or race of the therapist and client
differ. In closing, this assignment asks what gaps exist in the literature with regard to South African
Chinese therapists and what further research would be required to fill these gaps.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskille tussen die terapeut en die kliënt. soos verskillende geslagte. sosiale klasse. rasse. kulture en
tale. beïnvloed die terapeutiese situasie onvermydelik. Hierdie navorsingsopdrag hersien die literatuur
wat beskikbaar is ten opsigte van multikulturele voorligting. die veranderlikes waarmee terapeute te
doen kry in 'n multikulturele terapeutiese situasie en die toestand van multikulturele terapie in Suid-
Afrika. Die vernaamste deel van hierdie opdrag fokus op die opleidingservarings. asook die
teenoordragervarings. van terapeute wat van 'n minderheidsgroep afkomstig is, met spesiale aandag
aan Suid-Afrikaanse Chinese terapeute geskenk. Ook ingesluit is nuttige maniere om die potensiele
struikelblokke wat in 'n terapeutiese verhouding ontstaan. waar die kultuur of ras van die terapeut en
kliënt verskil. aan te spreek. Om afte sluit. hierdie opdrag bevraagteken die leemtes wat voorkom in
cl ie Iiteratuur met betrekk ing tot Su id-A Crikaanse Ch inesc terapeute en watter verdere navorsi ng sal
benodig word om hierdie leemtes te vul.
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Haraldsson, Helena. "La traducción de conceptos políticos en la prensa : problemas y estrategias de traducción del español al sueco en el artículo "Adiós clase media, adiós"." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29188.
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This essay deals with translation issues arising when translating a political newspaper article from Spanish into Swedish. The identified issues are strongly related to cultural differences between the culture of the source text and the culture of the target text. Thus, the aim of the study is to identify and explore how cultural references, political concepts and metaphors are translated in the following newspaper article, “Adiós clase media, adiós”. The study is partly based on a quantitative method, which shows that the four most common translation techniques in the present translation are the following: transposition, direct translation, couplet and established equivalent. However, the qualitative analysis, focusing on the social context and the cognitive processes of the translations, proves that several other strategies are useful when translating political concepts. Furthermore, the study verifies that it is necessary that the translator bears in mind that by using one strategy or another, he or she can influence the way the target text will be perceived by the receptor. Some translations are more faithful to the source text while others are more closely related to the target culture. Likewise, some are strongly influenced by the author or publisher and others by the translator’s own ideological purposes.
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Li, Ka-pui Rona. "The coherence of conceptualization of metaphors with reference to love language." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23472960.
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Li, Ka-pui Rona, and 李家珮. "The coherence of conceptualization of metaphors with reference to lovelanguage." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953141.
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Adam, Eltayeb Elhag Ahmed. "Culture, architecture and the urban form with special reference to privacy, Omdurman, Sudan." Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4245/.
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Bokundoa, Andre bo-Likabe. "Hosea and Canaanite culture : an historical study with reference to contemporary African theology." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242195.
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Ritter, Amy B. "My Body In Visual Culture." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398882692.
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Roberts, Rebecca J. "'Two meane fellows grand projectors' : the self-projection of Sir Arthur Ingram and Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, 1600-1645, with particular reference to their houses." Thesis, Teesside University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/254593.
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Arthur Ingram and Lionel Cranfield were part of the early modern phenomenon of social mobility, rising from humble merchants to titled gentlemen in one generation. Cranfield, especially, reached significant heights in a matter of years. Despite the fact both men have merited biographies which chart their commercial and political careers, little attention has been paid to their lives outside of the political sphere leaving room for an analysis of their family and personal estates and the extent to which they utilised their houses in their self-projection. The originality of this thesis lies in its comparison of the two men which not only highlights their dependency on each other and mutual advertisement of each other’s image, but also opens up the question of regional disparity in house building as Ingram’s country estates were situated in Yorkshire whereas Cranfield’s were mainly close to London. The first chapter introduces the issues of social mobility, self-fashioning, and regionality, provides a literature review and explains the methodology employed. Chapter 2 looks at the careers and families of Ingram and Cranfield before examining the ways in which they furthered their ascent through the fashioning of their attire, education and learning, and social networks. The thesis then focuses on the houses of both men, with Chapters 3 and 4 considering how they built and styled their houses. Chapter 5 examines the craftsmen and materials employed by Ingram and Cranfield on their building programmes and in particular the geographical location of their houses. Chapter 6 discusses the way Ingram and Cranfield furnished their residences and how their households were related to the local community, particularly in terms of hospitality. The gardens and grounds that surrounded their houses are the subject of Chapter 7. The thesis concludes with an evaluation of the significance of Ingram’s and Cranfield’s houses in the self-projection of their image and how far the geographical location of their residences affected how successful this was.
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Lindqwister, Robin. "I fablernas nät : En översättningsvetenskaplig uppsats om att undertexta nederländsk satir till svenska." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194786.
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Denna kandidatuppsats består av en längre översättning i form av en undertextning från nederländska till svenska, samt en kommentar till översättningen. Källtexten utgörs av inslaget De online fabeltjesfuik (ordagrant ’fabelryssjan’) ur det nederländska satiriska nyhetsprogrammet Zondag met Lubach. I kommentarsdelen beskrivs den teoretiska bakgrunden bakom den översättningsprincip och rangordning av översättningsprioriteringar som styrt undertextningsarbetet. Därefter behandlas ett urval av översättningsproblem samt strategierna för att lösa dem, med ett särskilt fokus på kulturella referenser och humor. Det största problemet utgörs dock i slutändan av översättningsformens egna begränsningar när det kommer till tid och utrymme, vilka styr alla andra översättningsval.<br>This bachelor’s essay consists of a longer translation in the form of Dutch-to-Swedish subtitles, including a section commenting on the translation. The source text is made up of the segment De online fabeltjesfuik (literally ‘the fable fyke’) from the Dutch satirical news show Zondag met Lubach. The comment section describes the theoretical background behind the translation principle and the translation priorities which have guided the subtitling. Then a sample of translation problems along with the strategies used to solve them are presented, focusing on cultural references and humour. The largest issue remains the inherent limitations of subtitling as pertains to time and space, which influence all other translation choices made.
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Lundquist, Ingrid. "Cunning Punning and Cultural References : Translating the typically British to Swedish." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35137.
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The main purpose of this study is to analyse what translation strategies can be used for rendering puns and cultural references, from English into Swedish, found in a text that humorously presents stereotypically British phenomena. The study also aims to determine whether the strategies are mainly source-oriented or target-oriented and to point out some similarities and differences between the translation strategies used for puns and cultural references. In order to solve the different problems that the puns and cultural references caused, various thesauruses, dictionaries, encyclopaedias and parallel texts have been consulted. The analysis of puns has been based on translation strategies presented by Delabastita (1996) and the analysis of cultural references on strategies presented by Pedersen (2007). Even if there proved to be some overlaps between Delabastita´s and Pedersen´s sets of strategies, the study confirms that puns and cultural references require quite different approaches and quite different strategies. The chosen approach for rendering puns was relatively free and target-oriented. The source text puns were predominantly rendered by replacing them with target text puns, even if this changed the text significantly. The cultural references, on the other hand, were mainly rendered by using source-oriented strategies. Retention and strategies that include or have been combined with Retention were the most frequently used ones.
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Marín, García Maria Paz. "Los referentes culturales de tipo jurídico en la ficción narrativa: análisis descriptivo en un corpus de novelas en lengua inglesa y su traducción a español." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10570.
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El objetivo de esta tesis es el estudio de la traducción (inglés-español) <br/> de referentes culturales jurídicos en la ficción jurídica, especialmente <br/> en relación con las técnicas de traducción de los referentes culturales. <br/> Por ello, realizamos una revisión de las relaciones entre derecho, literatura <br/> y traducción. Asimismo, consideramos fundamental la revisión de la noción <br/> de técnica de traducción y de sus denominaciones afines así como del concepto <br/> de norma de traducción. Ambas nociones constituyen las herramientas teóricas <br/> de este trabajo. Su aplicación a los datos obtenidos en nuestro corpus nos <br/> permite establecer relaciones entre pares de segmentos y técnicas, lo que a <br/> su vez nos permite ofrecer generalizaciones aplicables a la traducción de referentes <br/> culturales de tipo jurídico mediante el concepto de norma. <br/>Así, nuestra hipótesis principal parte de la consideración de que los referentes <br/> culturales jurídicos son específicos de cada cultura, por lo que es de esperar que los traductores intenten salvar la distancia existente entre las culturas jurídicas en contacto. Esta hipótesis plantea la siguiente relación: a mayor distancia cultural, mayor grado de intervención de los traductores para acercar la traducción a las expectativas y conocimientos del lector meta. Para ello, y teniendo en cuenta la noción de norma inicial de Toury (relacionado con los de adecuación y aceptabilidad), ordenamos las técnicas en un continuum en el que el extremo izquierdo indica menos distancia cultural respecto al texto de partida, lo que a su vez implica una menor intervención por parte del traductor; el extremo derecho indica más distancia cultural, lo que a su vez implica un mayor grado de intervención por parte del traductor. Nuestra investigación muestra que los traductores tienden hacia una posición de equilibrio entre ambos polos. Esto supone una preferencia hacia la adecuación respecto a aquellos referentes culturales jurídicos compartidos o con un mayor grado de similitud con los referentes culturales jurídicos del ordenamiento español, y una preferencia hacia la aceptabilidad respecto a aquellos referentes culturales jurídicos no compartidos o con un menor grado de similitud con los referentes culturales jurídicos del ordenamiento español.
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Martinez-Palacios, Carlos Antonio. "Aspects of the biology of Cichlasoma uropthalmus (Gunther) with particular reference to its culture." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3512.
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This thesis is an investigation of the basic biology, reproductive behaviour, and key physiological and nutritional requirements of the Mexican and Central American cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Gunther), with particular reference to the potential of native species for aquaculture in the region. C. urophthalmus is a widely appreciated food fish within its native range, commanding good prices and having the advantage in terms of aquaculture that the risk from introduction of an exotic species with the consequent importation costs, diseases and escapes are eliminated. The dentition, gill rakers and gut structure are indicative of a carnivorous habit and this was corroborated by seasonal examination of gut contents which revealed that the species feeds principally on small animals. Investigation of the species in the natural environment suggest that growth was continuous, with some slight depression in the cooler winter months, reproduction occurred in the second year and the minimum reproductive size was 102cm (50g). In the laboratory C. urophthalmus grew well between 22.5 and 36.3°C the best growth being achieved at 32°C and optimum growth and survival (- production) being at 28°C. The species is typically euryhaline and can be acclimated to salinities of 0% to 35%. It can withstand instantaneous transfer from O to 15%, and reverse, and have best growth at 15%, probably due to the energy saving in an isotonic medium. Oxygen consumption rates were similar to other cichlids and C. urophthalmus can survive virtual anoxia for about 2h. C. urophthalmus is a bottom-spawner and the aggressive features of its reproductive behaviour, described in this work, can probably be minimized in culture. Its fecundity is about 5 to 7 times that of the mouth brooding tilapias, producing 2000-7000 eggs per spawn and it can reproduce at about 23 days intervals, probably throughout the year with management of temperature. Hatching is rapid (61 days) and survival good with simple hatchery techniques. Broodstock requirements, handling and labour costs could be lower than for the mouth brooding tilapias. The protein requirements of fry were shown to be 39-45% of the diet and this is similar to the tilapias. Diet digestibility was depressed by high dietary fibre content, but was not inhibited by inclusion of soybean (25.81%) or wheat meal (26.7%) in the diets. Although much more research is required. The results reported here have enabled tentative formulations of diets for aquaculture, based on typically available ingredients. The features of C. urophthalmus are discussed and compared extensively with those of the other cultured fish, principally the tilapias. It is concluded that C. urophthalmus is a very good candidate for aquaculture development within its range of distribution and that it has strong advantages over introduction of cultured cichlids.
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Heuch, J. H. R. "The tissue culture and biology of bamboos with special reference to Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Munro." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305447.
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Bamboos are plants of economic importance that have flower rarely. The inability to obtain flowering material on a routine basis has hindered the scientific investigation of bamboo. Paucity of flowering and the resulting lack of seed has led to extreme difficulty in taxonomic work and large-scale propagation respectively. Tissue culture appears to offer potential methods to overcome the shortage of propagules. The micropropagation potential of bamboo seedling material was investigated. Both callus methods and <i>in vitro</i> cuttings of <i>Dendrocalamus hamiltonii</i> Munro were used. Although many explants produced callus, only one type of callus, derived from excised immature embryos, regularly regenerated shoots or plantlets. Only 6% of embryos cultured produced this callus type. The callus with shoot regeneration potential was phenotypically similar to that described in the literature as embryogenic, being both white and compact. Nodal cuttings from seedlings were also cultured <i>in vitro</i>. The potential rate of multiplication was not high. Most healthy cuttings produced only one shoot. Flowers emerged from about 10% of cultures on medium containing BAP, and this result was repeated. The quality of bamboo seed available for experimentation was low. Problems of infection were encountered when initiating cultures. A number of trials were undertaken to overcome these, but some level of infection had to be tolerated. In order to assess the full potential of bamboo tissue culture a critical literature was undertaken. Many experiments reported on appeared to have used poor designs, or reported results were either unclear or conclusions were difficult to justify based on the results. Above all else, there was little confidence that results were repeatable.
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Ford, Clellan Stearns. "An analysis of material culture (with special reference to Samoa) : a study in method /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertations services, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39268883v.
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Toms, Judith. "Some aspects of the Villanovan culture of Southern Etruria, with special reference to Tarquinia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326701.
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Forsell, Helena. "Étude sur la traduction des aspects culturels et la métonymie concernant un phénomène universel : le repas gastronomique." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45962.
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Abstract Title: How to translate cultural references Language: French Author: Helena Forsell University/Department/Year: Linnaeus University/School of Language and Literature/2014 The main focus of this paper has been to find out which difficulties the translator comes across when trying to find cultural references that will apply in the target text. Since the original text treats a cultural aspect concerning the French gastronomic meal, the aim has also been to find out whether a deeply human trait, such as eating a meal in the company of others, produces translation problems despite a fairly common ground between French and Swedish culture. The source text used in this study is Convention pour la Sauvegarde du Patrimoine culturel immatériel, Dossier de Candidature n◦00437, which was published in 2010 and translated into Swedish in 2014. The main translation strategies used are adaptation, equivalence, addition and omission. Keywords: Cultural adaptation, translation strategies, reference, metonymy.
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Mendes, Ana Rita Chaves Botelho Vaz. "Development of lyophilized reference stock cultures for quality control in microbiological analysis." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16752.
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Mestrado em Biotecnologia Alimentar<br>No final de 2014 foi publicada a norma ISO 11133 que obriga à realização de testes de performance em todos os lotes de meio produzidos, recorrendo ao uso de microrganismos de referência específicos, com um nível de inóculo estabelecido.
A liofilização é um processo de secagem de culturas microbianas, e que permite a sua preservação por largos períodos de tempo, sem ser necessária refrigeração.
Os efeitos de três meios crioprotetores diferentes (skim milk + 10% sacarose, nutrient broth nº2 + 20% glicerol, e sacarose 10%) na sobrevivência à liofilização de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Salmonella enterica serogrupo Typhimurium; o acompanhamento da concentração celular de S. aureus ao longo do tempo, depois de ter sido liofilizado com skim milk + 10% sacarose; e ainda o estudo da estabilidade de E. coli e S. aureus, depois de liofilizados e armazenados à temperatura ambiente, foram investigados.
E. coli, S. aureus e L. monocytogenes foram liofilizadas com skim milk + 10% sacarose; E. coli e S. aureus foram liofilizadas com nutrient broth nº2 + 20% glicerol; e Salmonella Typhimurium e E. coli foram liofilizadas com sacarose 10%. Terminadas as liofilizações dos estudos de viabilidade, cada amostra foi reidratada e inoculada em PCA. Para o acompanhamento da concentração celular de S. aureus, com intervalos regulares ao longo do tempo, as amostras foram reidratadas e inoculadas em PCA e BP egg yolk. Para estudar a estabilidade de E. coli e S. aureus as amostras foram reidratadas e inoculadas em PCA e no respetivo meio seletivo, com intervalos regulares ao longo do tempo.
Skim milk + 10% sacarose é o melhor meio protetor dos três usados. Das bactérias gram-positivas testadas, L. monocytogenes é a mais resistente, com uma redução na sua viabilidade virtualmente nula; das gram-negativas, a Salmonella Typhimurium foi a que obteve melhores resultados, com a redução de 1 Log. Naturalmente, as gram-positivas têm uma melhor capacidade de sobrevivência à liofilização por causa da composição da sua parede celular, rica em peptidoglicanos, e isso foi comprovado nos testes feitos. No estudo da estabilidade de S. aureus, a sua concentração celular manteve-se estável ao longo do tempo, acima dos 6 Log ufc/200 μl. Nos estudos em que a estabilidade de E. coli e S. aureus armazenados à temperatura ambiente foi avaliada, comprovou-se que culturas microbianas liofilizadas necessitam de refrigeração para manter a viabilidade.
Com este trabalho deu-se início à investigação necessária para a elaboração de um protocolo com o intuito de produzir culturas stock de referência liofilizadas, com o nível de inóculo necessário, para aplicação futura em análises microbiológicas.<br>In late 2014 it was published the standard ISO 11133 which obligates the achievement of performance tests in every batch of media produced, resorting to specific reference microorganisms, with an established inoculum level.
Lyophilization is a drying process applied to microbial cultures that allows its preservation for large periods of time, with no refrigeration needed.
The effects of three different cryoprotective media (skim milk + 10% sucrose, nutrient broth no2 + 20% glycerol, and sucrose 10%) on survival to lyophilization of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium; a monitoring of S. aureus cell concentration over time, after being lyophilized with skim milk + 10% sucrose; and also a stability study of E. coli and S. aureus after lyophilization and storage at room temperature, were investigated.
E. coli, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were lyophilized with skim milk + 10% sucrose; E. coli and S. aureus were lyophilized with nutrient broth no2 + 20% glycerol; and Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli were lyophilized with sucrose 10%. Finished every lyophilization of the viability studies, each sample was rehydrated and inoculated in PCA. To monitor S. aureus cell concentration, the samples were rehydrated and inoculated in PCA and BP egg yolk, with regular intervals throughout time. For the stability study of E. coli and S. aureus, also in regular intervals, samples were rehydrated and inoculated in PCA and in the respective selective culture media.
Skim milk + 10% sucrose is the best cryoprotective medium used. From the gram-positive bacteria tested, L. monocytogenes is the most resistant, registering a virtually null reduction in viability; from gram-negative, Salmonella Typhimurium performed best, with only 1 Log reduction. Naturally, gram-positive bacteria have a better survivability to lyophilization because of their cell wall composition, rich in peptidoglycan, and that was proven with the experiments performed. In S. aureus stability study, cellular concentration was kept stable over time, above 6 Log cfu/200μl. In the stability studies in which E. coli and S aureus were storage at room temperature, it has been proved that lyophilized microbial cultures require lyophilization to maintain viability.
This work initiated the research needed for the elaboration of a protocol intended for the production of lyophilized reference stock cultures, with a specific inoculum level, for future application in microbiological analyses.
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Höglund, Saga. "Att måla upp ett bedrägeri : En översättning från engelska till svenska om bedrägeriet som lurade nazisterna." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182473.
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Denna uppsats består av en längre översättning av förordet samt de tre första kapitlen ur den populärvetenskapliga boken The Forger’s Spell (2009) från engelska till svenska. Till det följer ett avsnitt med kommentarer på översättningsproblem som uppstod under processen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att etablera en lämplig översättningsprincip sett till faktorer som textens genre, position i polysystemet och stilistiska drag samt att skapa en målspråksanpassad översättning. Det översättningsteoretiska ramverket består av Even-Zohars (2012) polysystemteori, där översatt sakprosa befinner sig på en sekundär position i det svenska litterära systemet, vilket pekar mot en målspråksinriktad översättning. Vidare bygger det också på Nidas (2012) dynamiska ekvivalensteori, vars mål är att skapa en ekvivalent läsupplevelse för målspråksläsaren. Ramverket, tillsammans med en analys av källtexten låg till grund för översättningsprincipen som var att skapa en målspråksinriktad översättning. Något som framkom i processen var det faktum att denna översättning innebar en överföring mellan tre kulturer och några intressanta problem uppstod relaterat till detta. Syftet med uppsatsen uppfylldes, en teoretiskt förankrad princip etablerades och en översättning utformades nära utefter den, vilket resulterade i en målspråksanpassad, dynamiskt ekvivalent översättning.<br>This essay contains a longer translation of an excerpt from English to Swedish of the popular science book The Forger’s Spell by Edward Dolnick, with comments on translation issues that surfaced during the process. The purpose of the essay was to establish a translation principle, suitable for the book’s genre, position within the polysystem, stylistic features as well as creating a target language-oriented translation. The theoretical framework for the essay consisted of Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory, by which translated non-fictional prose has a secondary position within the Swedish literary system. This points to it being translated in a target language-oriented manner. It also builds upon Nida’s dynamic equivalence, by which the goal is to create an equivalent reading experience for the target language reader as the source language reader had. This framework, combined with a textual analysis performed on the source text laid the foundation of the translation principle, which was to create a target language-oriented translation. The fact this translation meant a transmission of three different cultures emerged during this process, and some interesting problems related to this needed solving. The purpose of the essay was fulfilled, a theoretically grounded translation principle was established, and a translation was produced closely from it which resulted in a target language oriented, dynamically equivalent translation.
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Santos, Bruno Almeida. "CENTROS DE REFERÊNCIA LGBT, ESPAÇOS DE CULTURA, CIDADANIA E INFORMAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO." Instituto de Ciência da Informação, 2018. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/25919.
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Bruno Almeida dos Santos-Dissertação.pdf: 2577180 bytes, checksum: 91def7f2188373f0b6faac0fc294bc4e (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).<br>Esta pesquisa examina o papel dos Centros de Referência LGBT da cidade São Paulo, destacando suas atuações e funções na sociedade. Tem como objetivo principal conhecer em que medida os Centros de Referência LGBT cumprem suas funções na sociedade como espaços de informação, cidadania e cultura, bem como a satisfação de seus usuários. Desenvolveu-se este estudo a partir de uma revisão de literatura, compreendendo aspectos gerais acerca dos conceitos sobre informação, cidadania, cultura, centros de referência e Centros de Referência LGBT, bem como a inserção dessa comunidade de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais, entre outras identidades de gênero e sexualidade, na sociedade brasileira, onde são evidentes suas características machistas, sexistas e homofóbicas. Para dar cumprimento aos objetivos, optou-se como recurso metodológico pelo estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa em estudo de campo e de múltiplos casos. A amostra contou com todos os cincos Centros LGBT da cidade de São Paulo, onde foram feitas entrevistas com seus coordenadores, aplicados questionários com parte de seus usuários e feitas visitas guiadas pelo pesquisador. Os resultados apontam que os Centros de Referência LGBT da capital paulista são espaços de informação, cidadania e cultura eficientes e satisfatórios para a maioria dos usuários LGBT, pois os ajudam, através dos serviços, ações e atividades desenvolvidas, a resolver os problemas relacionados à identidade de gênero e à sexualidade e no exercício da cidadania.<br>Abstract
This research examines the role of LGBT Reference Centers in the city of São Paulo,highlighting their actions and duties in society. Its main objective is to know to which extent
the LGBT Reference Centers fulfil their duties in society as spaces for information,citizenship and culture, as well as the satisfaction of their users. This study was carried out based on literature review, including general aspects of information, citizenship, culture,reference centers and LGBT Reference Centers. Not only this but also, the insertion of this
lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transvestites and transsexuals communities - among other identities of gender and sexuality - in the Brazilian society, where their macho, sexist and homophobic
characteristics are evident. In order to fulfil the objectives, a methodological resource was chosen for the descriptive and exploratory study, with a qualitative and quantitative approach in a field and multiple case study. The sample included all five LGBT Centers in the city of
São Paulo, where interviews were carried out with their coordinators; questionnaires applied to part of their users and guided tours lead by the researcher. The results indicate that the
LGBT Reference Centers of the capital of São Paulo are efficient and satisfactory spaces of information, citizenship and culture for most LGBT users, as they help - through the services,actions and activities - solve problems related to gender identity, sexuality as well as to
exercise of citizenship.
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Ranzato, Irene. "The translation of cultural references in the Italian dubbing of television series." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14622.
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This research describes the strategies adopted by dubbing professionals (mainly translators) in their translations for dubbing of television series, from English into Italian. More specifically, it means to account for the norms governing the work of the translators in this field. In order to draw substantial conclusions, the analysis is conducted on a corpus of television fiction shows, which is not only sufficiently large but also varied in terms of genre, content, language use, and target audiences. The main focus of the analysis is the translation of culture specific references; a subject that has widely been recognised by scholars as being one of the most problematic translation issues, not only in the case of translation for dubbing but also in other areas such as literary and drama translation. One of the hypotheses presented is that the social and historical context in which dubbing originally came to be in Italy had an impact on its subsequent evolution and can still be relevant when dealing with issues of censorship and manipulation of contents. The methodological foundations of this research rest on Toury’s (1980, 1995) notion of norms in translation. Toury (1980: 51) considers norms to be central to the act and the event of translating. The ultimate aim of this study is, therefore, to map out the strategies activated by translators in response to the cultural environment in which they operate, and to detect the norms that are prevalent in the case of dubbing television series into Italian. The analysis is carried out on a corpus of over 95 hours of television programmes, whole episodes of three fiction series belonging to different genres: Friends (sitcom, USA); Life on Mars (science fiction/police procedural drama, UK); Six Feet Under (drama, USA). All the culture specific elements present in the corpus have been detected and their adaptation into Italian analysed from a quantitative and qualitative point of view in order to highlight the prevalent translational behaviours.
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Altahri, A. "Issues and strategies of subtitling cultural references : Harry Potter movies in Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29341/.
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Subtitling, as all other types of audiovisual translation, has always been influenced by cultural factors, and in turn subtitles have influenced their target readers. The close interrelation between language and culture in interlingual subtitling may raise problems, or challenging issues in translating cultural references from oral dialogue into written subtitles. The aim of this study is to investigate the problems and strategies involved in the Arabic subtitling of the cultural references in the Harry Potter movies in Arabic. Special focus will be laid on different types of cultural references such as names of people, mythological creatures, magical objects, place names, food items, neologisms, etc., which are characteristic of J. K. Rowling’s book on which the movies are based. These cultural references pose challenges for the subtitlers. The main objective of this study is to determine which factors and strategies play a significant role when subtitling Harry Potter movies for children in the Arab world. In order to achieve this aim, a descriptive approach within the discipline of translation studies has been adopted. More specifically, this approach will examine the possibility to observe any kind of consistency in the strategies applied for the subtitling of cultural references. Díaz Cintas’s model is proposed as a theoretical framework that helps in understanding and explaining the strategies available to the subtitler when subtitling cultural references. The study concludes that there is a complex of cultural, ideological, and technical aspects which have significant influence on subtitlers when subtitling for children, in particular from English into Arabic. The analysis shows that the Arabic subtitlers tend to use more strategies than others in dealing with cultural references. The conclusion attempts an explanation of the frequency of the strategies used.
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Kashoob, Hassan S. "Cultural translation problems with special reference to English/Arabic advertisements." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1147/.
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The thesis deals with the problems of translating "soft-sell" advertisements between Arabic and English. It is argued that a standardisation strategy of any international advertising campaign across cultures of soft-sell advertising is unsuccessful at any time in the case of Arabic and English. This stems not only from, besides the huge differences already existing between the two languages and cultures, such as socio-economic and socio-political, but also from the different methods and strategies adopted by the copywriters in employing various elements of humour, irony, persuasion, taboos (e.g. sexual connotations), conceptual sarcasm and cultural intertextuality, which are aimed at particular audiences, and the translation of which is determined by the elements of time and space. Localisation, according to the characters of the local market is thus the best solution for any successful cross-cultural advertising. The development of the role of culture and language in a given society has also been illustrated, followed by various approaches to cultural translation equivalence and cultural translation difficulties between Arabic and English. The thesis also contains a study of the techniques and methods of advertising. This includes elements of persuasion, strategies of standardisation, language and paralanguage of advertising, style of advertising and deviation in advertising from the norm of standard English.
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Smith, Doris Jean. "Reference groups and ritualistic behavior: A cultural perspective on addiction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/571.
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Kruss, Glenda. "Religion, class and culture : indigenous churches in South Africa, with special reference to Zionist-Apostolics." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17025.
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Part one establishes the problematic of this primarily historical and theoretical work on indigenous churches in South Africa. The existing literature is surveyed, explanatory themes isolated and a critique of the dominant functionalist framework offered. A different theoretical framework - historical materialism - is proposed, in order to bring new insights into the explanation of indigenous churches. A periodisation of the South African social formation, and three corresponding forms of indigenous churches is proposed. Part two considers each of these in a schematic form. It is hypothesized that Ethiopian churches arose at the turn of the century in the Transvaal and Eastern Cape amongst the emerging African petit-bourgeoisie. They were the religious response to unequal incorporation in the developing capitalist social formation. An early form of Zionism, Zion City Churches, arose between the two World Wars, in a period of intense resistance to proletarianization. In each region they were shaped by the particular conditions and conflicts. An attempt is made to demonstrate that, in contrast, Zionist-Apostolics arose after World War II as a church of the black working class. Instead of explaining them in terms of acculturation, it is hypothesized that their healing form can be understood as an expression and a protest of the alienation of the black working class. As a religious-cultural innovation they succeed in subverting missionary hegemony and gaining control over the means of salvation, and in this way, of their own lives. Part three attempts to evaluate the contribution of a historical materialist analysis to understanding religion, and to isolate directions for future research.
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Correia, Maria Guilhermina Ferreira 1954. "S. Quintino-do referente cultural à fruição imagética." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade Lusíada, 1997. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30389.
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Haylor, Graham S. "The culture of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) in Africa, with particular reference to controlled hatchery production." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3267.
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A rationale is presented for a primary nursing strategy and an on-growing strategy for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) culture in Africa, thus providing a potential model for the development of culture technology for the species. Existing information pertaining to the production strategies identified is reviewed, highlighting the attributes of African catfish for aquaculture. Some of the current deficiencies and inconsistencies in available information pertaining to controlled hatchery production are addressed. The early developmental stages of Clarias gariepinus are defined, in order to promote consistent use of terminology and help farmers better address the changing needs of their developing stock. The pattern of growth and survival of larvae and fry is investigated at higher stocking densities than those used experimentally to provide a database for planning full-scale commercial operations. Tank design and water flow rates appropriate for Clarias gariepinus in hatcheries are investigated and recommendations made. Finally, in order to promote maximal growth rates of hatchery stocks the maximum daily feed intake of larvae in relation to different feeding regimes is estimated based on rates of gastric evacuation and return of appetite. An overview of the controlled hatchery production of Clarias gariepinus is presented.