Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Culture scientifique et technique'
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Sousa, Do Nascimento Silvania. "L'ANIMATION SCIENTIFIQUE : ESSAI D'OBJECTIVATION DE LA PRATIQUE DES ASSOCIATIONS DE CULTURE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE FRANÇAISES." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864514.
Full textSousa, Do Nascimento Silvania. "L' animation scientifique : essai d'objectivation de la pratique des associations de culture scientifique et technique françaises." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA06A001.
Full textBillon, Elodie. "L'événementialisation de la culture scientifique. Formes et enjeux des manifestations culturelles dans la médiation des sciences." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALL020.
Full textThe high number of events promoting scientific and technical culture (CST in French) over the last few decades points out to a renewal of the way science gets publicized and knowledge transmitted. The institutionalization of science and the professionalization of its protagonists as of the 1970’s in France provide fertile ground to figure out what is at stake when discussing the way science is shared with the public and how cultural forms are mediated. In order to better understand how scientific and technical culture is turned into events, we have looked into the logics underpinning the actors’ strategies before moving on to a production-oriented, qualitative analysis of our subject. Considering the distinct dimensions an event can take on, we have been led to analyze the devices and to reflect on the practices and discourses. Put together, these elements turn cultural events into objects that can be conceived and experienced from an institutional and professional standpoint, but also from a formal one. This leads us to ask which parameters bring the event into existence and whether they might present a challenge to the scientific posture by accelerating and transforming the spatio-temporal framework, conjuring up extraordinary feelings and appealing to emotions. This research provides the reader with an insight into the event-making process applied to scientific and technical culture through the analysis of materials and modes of expression displayed in the context of cultural events
GODILLON, CLAUDINE. "Television et culture scientifique et technique approche globale et comparative des systemes de production et de diffusion d'informations scientifiques et techniques televisees en france et en grande-bretagne." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070085.
Full textThis is a comparative study of the production and programming of science en hertzian television in france and great-britain. The processes of making and programming are considered in their respective environments. The object of the comparison is to reveal what factors make the french system apparently less effective than the british one, taken as reference. The comparative analysis is based on a literary survey completed with interviews. Elements taken into account are : scientific culture of the publics, media contexts (in a historical perspective), the functioning of main production units and their output. The main result of the present work is to bring to light the importance of institutional factors. In particular, the role of legislation and regulatory bodies in the production and programming. Impact of financial arragements on content and types of programmes is also shown. The comparison also assesses how the public's scientific culture affects the systems. But it invalidates the hypothesis of a less favorable public in france than in england. At the outcome, this analysis offers a detailed classification of television. This enables a differentiation of science information in both countries and renders production and programming conditions
Marin, Dominique Martine Develay Michel. "Contribution à une réflexion sur l'idée du vrai dans l'enseignement des mathématiques en classes de 4ième et 3ième de collège." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/marin_d.
Full textFleury, Christine Collet Anne-Christine. "Intégrer une thématique " Sciences et Société " dans une bibliothèque de lecture publique une approche globale pour la Médiathèque du Bachur /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/fleury.pdf.
Full textChoffel-Mailfert, Marie-Jeanne. "La culture scientifique technique et industrielle : logiques d'acteurs et enjeux des actions menées en région Lorraine (1980-1995)." Grenoble 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39053.
Full textAnalysis of a cultural trend inherited from scientific popularization activity but broadened to the technical and industrial fields in the eighties. Stic which is a matter of government policy is the combinaison of political, economic and social forces. A new area of legitimacy is offered to the state with stakes linked with regions as well as globalisation. At the time of the country's parting into regions it generates a flexible development which aims at local and patrimonial development or at the circulation of scientific work justifying technological modernity. The analysis of why this trend developed in the lorraine region at a time when traditional industries were failing, shows that this flexibility is the result of a tension between endogenous and exogenous reasonings. On the endogenous side, this trend comes from strong social ties which revive different cultural actions. However, the analysis of how people perceive the systems of references offered by stic activities, shows a shift in meaning between the various fields involved, namely culture, science, technique and industry: stic refers to the range of representations which justified the industrial organization and is justifying its reorganization
Gkouskou-Giannakou, Pergia. "Composition médiatique des objets site web : le cas des sites web de la culture scientifique et technique." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1709.
Full textOur work aims at studying websites as the substantial objects of the Web universe. Our approach yields from an analysis of websites contents, from the point of view of their material form and of the complex mediations that emerge among users, the medium and content publishers. The thesis is articulated along the following axes : questioning the nature of the « website object » in its relation to the communication partners ; observation and analysis of the transformations induced by the Web to the conditions of sense production ; observation of the way the transformations of institutional positions and of mediations with respect to the Web productions are expressed. In particular, we investigate the metaphor-based mechanisms that arise involving website designers' strategies, users' practices and medium proprieties
Raichvarg, Daniel. "400 années de diffusion de la science par le spectacle (1580-1980) : formes, objectifs, moyens." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077218.
Full textArdiccioni, Renzo. "Culture cybernétique en Italie : histoire et perspectives." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20048.
Full textOur research on cyberculture in Italy, from former future up to next future, is a travel all around this country and its development, its changes, and challenges. Starting from the concept of communication-space, our study is also and introduction to contemporary Italy -its new way of life and its new culture- following the advent of the new media. The explosion of techno-communication in Italy is an event without precedent, that upsets the cultural traditions of this country still marked by the rhetoric and a restricted dialectic kind of strapaese-stracittà. Nevertheless, we could even find in that modern country -now open to several messages while moving to new unknown physical and mental frontiers- many former strong local references. We found some of these in the Futurist movement, to which we devoted a large part of our research. We went throughout Futurism to find some important landmarks, which allowed the techno-communication change as well as the evolution in the perception of the Italian identity
Marin, Dominique Martine. "Contribution à une réflexion sur l'idée du vrai dans l'enseignement des mathématiques en classes de quatrième et de troisième de collège." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/marin_d.
Full textDe, Smet Elsa. "Voir pour Savoir. La visualisation technique et scientifique de l’aventure spatiale dans le monde occidental entre 1840 et 1969." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040160.
Full textBetween the first photograph taken from the moon in 1840 by J.W. Draper and the first photograph taken from our satellite’s ground in 1969 by Apollo 11’s mission, western space odyssey led to a wide range of images. They all had the common goal of understanding, apprehending and sharing the aspect of cosmos with as many people as possible. Evidently absorbed by a collective culture, this heterogeneous and multifaceted corpus with many complex boundaries is based on a cultural history, which remains hard to classify, between science history and images history. The resulting visualizations, heavily influenced by the traditions of the history of representation and made in parallel of the technical evolutions of astronomy and its means of observation, have equally shaped the look of physical astronomy and of the visual culture of its neophyte observers. The analysis of the creation and the fulfilment of Space Art in the twentieth century make us open our eyes on a visual corpus where the coalescence between science and style is a necessary condition to its really existence. Confronted to History of Arts and to visual studies, this corpus finds its place within an analysis, which pursues to disclose the power and the performative quality of images. Whether it be an imagery popularizing the deepest knowledge for teaching purposes, a will of grabbing the image of cosmos in order to discover it or a cultural dissemination at the heart of the most important myths of the century, spatial exploration was also an experience of the look we need to observe
Sénécail, Alain. "Les contenus en didactique : cas des visites scolaires dans les musées de sciences." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUH040.
Full textThis PhD thesis is related to the field of Science Didactics (Science Education) and aims to enrich the question of teaching and learning content in the context of primary school visits to science museums. Indeed, School and Museum are different institutions, so the moment of visit is a real issue regarding content. By reconstructing the school visit as a didactic situation characterized by specific content and by considering scientific literacy as involving diverse content (content knowledge, practical knowledge, values, attitudes…) with social uses and multiple references; it is as well the disciplinary learning of students as the training of visitors that is examined. The miscellaneous data – online educational documentation from French science museums, open questionnaires intended for primary school teachers and museum guides, observation of six ordinary school visits – enable to concentrate on the content of the school visit in the space of recommendations, the space of representations and the space of practices. Content, considered as a speech, is then reconstructed on the basis of the saying and doing of the didactic subjects in context. Finally, an incursion through another theoretical framework (that of the joint action theory in didactics) allows a general thinking on the nature of content, on its apprehension in contrasted didactic approaches and on the specificities of these approaches when it comes to study teaching and learning situations outside the classroom.Ultimately, this work shows how the content of school visits is articulated between scientific awareness and familiarization with the museum and its specificness. However, the analysis shows a persistence of the schoolarization of science exhibitions and museum experience. The disciplinary content in science is central when the content of visitors’ training is secondary
Cazenave, Georges. "Le projet technique dans le premier cycle de l'enseignement du second degré : critique des notions de culture technique et de compétence dans un nouvel itinéraire d'initiation." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081234.
Full textThis research is a questioning on the process called "technical scheme" which has been introduces and used in the teaching of technology in comprehensive schools. After investigating the institutionalization of this process, we have tried to make an analysis of the theoretical precequisite as regards the strategy of entreprises, the elaboration of pains of action, and the teaching methods of this scheme. This critical analysis enables to formulate a general hypothesis, the outcome of which is a threefold investigation in some comprehensive schools of the Paris area - provisions and talks - The first provision examines the first levels of understanding of the process as organizer of the actions. The second provision analyzes the effect of the practice on the understanding of the process in the elaborated technical object, in the successive series of actions and in the uses of machines, finally, thanks to talks with some teachers and pupils, we have studied how the most common organizing sample doesn't imply a true reference to the entreprise and doesn't enable to understanding the relations between the different aspects of knowledge in so far as it privileges usefulness. This work can be to a debate on how to get skills in technology in comprehensive schools and on the lack of context for some situations of apprenticeship. It brings a threefold insight on the educational policies, on the teaching methods of the schemes, and on some didactic elements of the subject
Courchinoux, Sandrine. "Didactique des langues et pratiques académiques professionnalisantes : le français dans la formation scientifique et technique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030113/document.
Full textThis research aims to develop educational proposals and tools for on-going training for teachers of French as a foreign language (FLE) having an audience of non-French speaking learners undertaking scientific and technical training in a french graduate engineering school. Part of an epistemological and didactical framework, the research is in the continuity of current studies. It shows also how ethnographic tools can enrich an analysis of the needs of these « specific » audiences and privilege an approach of the analyst and the FLE teachers, which move away from their perceptions on language, scientific and technical studies, and the industry of energy and transport.From this approach by social task, linguistic contents were identified and educational proposals for the FLE were put forward. Another outcome of the field work is that this action-research offers on-going training options for FLE teachers having to teach to audiences interacting in specific contexts
Anane, Afaf. "L'impact des technologies de l'information et de la communication sur les stratégies de diffusion de l'information dans les centre de culture scientifique et technique." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30055.
Full textThe last years were pronounced by an upheaval in the industrial, economic and social landscape on a world level. The liberalization of telecommunications, the spectacular development of the Internet and the progressive setting in network of the companies and the society are revealing of a single phenomenon: the advent of the society of information. The TIC integrated come to evolve the manners of working and this in several fields. The science centers form integral part of the fields that underwent considerable changes in their strategies of diffusion of scientific and technical information. They try to diffuse it by integrating new tools which will ensure a better assimilation and will facilitate the acquisition of these technologies by the public. Only, the science centers accommodate the public globally and they must face this diversity. The integration of multi-media as tool for diffusion appears to satisfy the organizers but not all the categories of the visitors, which obliges the actors to adopt innovating strategies falling under a prospect for demand and not for offer. The innovation is then registered inside debate and gives birth to new means of appropriation of the knowledge. The influence of science and technology on the science centers is not any more to show, they are already in an era of innovation and progress; the revolution is all the more radical as the acceleration of scientific and technological advance is done in synergy with a systematic redefinition of the strategies of the actors who must henceforth fall under a process of competitiveness and of effectiveness who became key factors of failure or success
Cuenca, Catherine. "La sauvegarde et la mise en valeur du patrimoine scientifique et technique : une expérience française." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010694.
Full textThis thesis analyses a French experience of safeguarding and enhancing contemporary scientific and technological heritage. The mission undertaken was to demonstrate the necessity and the interest of preserving not only the objects of science but also the memory of scientists. Sciences and technologies have changed so rapidly in the last sixty years that all traces of the research activity were about to disappear. Three public programs have been under study: the first in the University of Nantes, the second in the Pays de la Loire, the third at the national level under the responsibility of the Musée des arts et métiers of the Conservatoire des arts et métiers in Paris. The thesis links the approaches of history of science and technology, heritage studies and cultural institutions. First, the thesis draws a large panorama -from Antiquity to the Second World War -of the major events in the social process of building a scientific heritage. Second, the research shows that the emphasis of the State policies in the second half of the 20th century has been more on the diffusion of scientific culture than on heritage protection and preservation. But is it relevant to divide culture and heritage? Finally, by studying the objectives, organization and results of the specific programs, the thesis brings into light that material and immaterial heritage are two components of scientific and technological culture which, in turn, is an essential feature of contemporary culture
Martin, Michel Camille Eugène. "Pourquoi et comment rendre pédagogique la communication technique." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50377-2003-35.pdf.
Full textLanni, Dominique. "Affreux, sales et méchants : les représentations du Cafre et du Hottentot dans les cultures littéraire et scientifique françaises à l'âge classique." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040061.
Full textCreated long before they were discovered, the populations of the outermost Africa were mixed by travellers, scientists and novelists at the rise of the seventeenth century, under the names of "Gens du Cap", "Sauvages du Cap", "Cafres" and "Hottentots". These populations puzzle the European imaginary since the end of the medieval time. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, they are the subject of different represen-tations in writings such as travel stories, scholarly books, collections of stories, novels, tragedies and comedies To analyse the forms and the stakes of these representations, to bring to the fore the circonstances in which they emerge, to study the way they are conveyed, to report the aesthetic, philosophical, historical and theological debates they imply ; here are some of the stakes of this essay in which in an anthropopoiétic angle the autor sets out to bring to light the making of otherness, of the people from the outer-most Africa in literary and scientific French cultures from the sixteenth to the eigh-teenth century, or from the beginnings of Humanism to the final lights of the trium-phant Enlightenment
Sablonnière, Catherine. "De l'image de la modernite scientifique aux debats d'idees dans l'espagne isabeline (1833-1868)." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030156.
Full textRabourdin, Sabine. "Les styles thématiques locaux : l'interprétation du réel par les physiciens selon leur culture : une étude comparative des physiciens indiens et français autour de l'interprétation de la mécanique quantique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1273/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the influence of the cultural background of physicists on their deep mental representations of reality. These representations, called themata, are philosophical presuppositions: determinism, reductionism, objectivity, etc. Are scientist' themata independent of their cultural backgrounds, reflecting instead the shared values of science? Is science universal? Does the scientific culture influences their representations of reality in the context of their scientific work? We compare the themata of seventy Indian and French physicists, with a focus on their interpretation of quantum physics.The results of our research suggest that there are differences between Indian and French physicists with respect to certain themata. In particular, we observe that Indian physicists appear more deterministic than their French counterparts and they are more attached to a discrete rather thana continuous conception of matter. Indian physicists give a greater role to the subjective nature of knowledge (the observer), they have a more systemic approach to physical objects and phenomena, and they have a preference for an order underlying the phenomena. If Indian and French physicists adhere to different themata this justifies talking about specific local (or national) styles for themata, that is to say, "local thematic styles" (STL), a concept that we have developed specifically for this research. We also note that in the case of quantum physics these "local thematic styles" seem to influence scientists' choice of representation and interpretation of quantum theory
Khan, Akbar. "L'Aide de la France au niveau du développement culturel scientifique et technique de l'Afghanistan de 1921 à 1979." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20017.
Full textThe diplomatic relations between Afghanistan and France opened in 1921. From then on, France led several missions in Afghanistan, until the country was invaded in 1979
Le, Roux Ronan. "La cybernétique en France (1948-1970) : contribution à l'étude de la circulation interdisciplinaire des modèles et des instruments conceptuels et cognitifs." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0107.
Full textCybernetics, in the sense of Wiener, is chiefly an interdisciplinary practice for the modeling of feedback phenomena in biological, social or cognitive systems. We study the reception of cybernetics in the context of postwar France, which is not very favorable to the emergence of such practices. Our analysis of the circulation of the feedback concept in molecular biology, economics and structuralism shows a major di5crepancy between discourse and practice: almost everybody talks about cybernetics, but almost nobody is involved in actual model-building This discrepancy is not accounted for by approaches such as cultural studies of science, which assimilate the transfer of model to metaphors or lexical borrowings and have accordingly studied the influence of cybernetic on several disciplines. We propose another framework with an essay about the technical dimension of model-building. We define the concept of "artefactual induction” to refer to the way machines can suggest rational schemes to the scientific imagination. We show that technological concept s and topics can be relevant to account for modelling practices. Analogical reasoning, distinguished from metaphor, is defined as a transfer of cognitive instruments (concepts or models) that have to be adapted and specified. This feature of technical bridging, supplied by a specific mode of invention, contributes to challenge the opinions that science evolves only toward specialization, and that model-building is merely a practice of solving predefined problems. We suggest a few sociological properties of this transversal regime of model-building
Guay, Anik. "La controverse structurée comme stratégie d'enseignement-apprentissage pour caractériser l'argumentation auprès d'élèves québécois du secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27453.
Full textThis thesis characterizes how students argue when faced with a structured controversy in a classroom. This learning-teaching strategy will allow us to elaborate a grid to guide students and teachers for the construction or their arguments. Our text shows the importance of argumentation in a school context when exploring an socioscientific question in order to promote the development of a scientific and technological literacy. This interventionist research was inspired by the Developmental Work Research (DWR) approach, rooted in the sociocultural theoretical framework that is the third generation of activity theory. Working from the epistemological principle of the double stimulation, our research analyzes the way in which the students get out of the problematic situation posed by argumentation in a school setting. The data collection was performed with a group of high school students in Quebec, Canada. The argumentation takes place within an interdisciplinary project entitled Scientific idol, within the Science and technology and French classes. Our analysis identifies various interactions between a student and his, as well as a few recurrent tensions. Also, the characteristics of the arguments used by the students were identified and contributed to the development of our grid. This grid wants to help students overcome problematic situations in a school environment by promoting the sharing of ideas within a team and helping students formulate their arguments. The analysis also brought forward that, to improve argumentation in schools, a more flexible argumentation structure and a greater involvement of students in the choice of the socioscientific question could to be considered. In particular, we have identified the individual/collective dialectic that was present while the student is acting on his environment. This is the originality of our contribution beyong our grid. Key words : Argumentation, structured controversy, socioscientific issues, scientific and technological literacy, activity theory, double stimulation, construction of arguments
Benoit, Paul. "Les mutations techniques et scientifiques de la fin du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010551.
Full textFrom the written, iconographic and archaeological sources, the research has focussed on the innovations in the fields of calculation, energy, mining and metallurgic technics during mediaeval times and the renaissance. The first mecanization of craft in the west occured in the twelfth century. This has been studied through the cistercians. These monks have extracted stone, salt, coal and iron ore which they transformed into metal. They've also produced ceramic and glass and sought to master hydraulic energy. Nevertheless, the only field where they developped an original production is the metallurgy of iron : they were the first to use the water hammer. As a place of consummation and investment, the town used more and more metal during the fifteenth and fourteenth centuries, especially on building and arming. The mecanization of iron has spread out. The application of the water power to the bellows has lead to the production of cast iron : the indirect metallurgy of iron was born. . The crisis which devasted europe from the middle of the fourteenth to the middle of the fifteenth century has ruined a good many of the traditional metallurgic districts. The recovery carried a great request for metals and particularly for silver. The princely policy has promoted the search for ore and the raise of the production
Charbonneau, Royal J. M. "La métaphore comme passerelle entre science et théologie : vers une théopoésie pour les scientifiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29503.
Full textBernabei, Maria Ida. "Un’emozione puramente visuale : film scientifici tra sperimentazione e avanguardia, 1904-1930." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080108/document.
Full textSystematically included in the screenings of film societies and ciné-clubs emerging in the late Twenties throughout Europe, scientific film took a pivotal role in the construction of the film avant-garde. In particular, through the special techniques that it developed, it carved its own niche in the growing discourse on medi um specificity, catalysing the definition of several key concepts of the aesthetic theories of the time. Why was the avant-garde so magnetically attracted to scientific film? How was it possible that films that are not art could have entered its aesthetic horizon in such a programmatic way? In the first part of the dissertation I propose a cartography of the scientific film, while in the second I review its pre-war aesthetic reception. In the third part I finally try an answer this question, by proposing a “taxonomy of revelation” through which the cinematographic objective, potentiated by scientific techniques, reveals to the avant-garde the multiple occurrences of what Walter Benjamin will call in these same years the optical unconscious. Avant-garde's investigation of the invisible through the powerful eye of cinema is twofold, so the first axis of this taxonomy is dedicated to the Janus made up of slow motion and time-lapse, two techniques that dazzled the avant-garde by virtue of their ability to modify temporality through the different speeds of filmed and and projected frames. On the other hand, since the avant-garde’s eye gradually gazed upon bodies – enveloping, penetrating, sectioning and x-raying them –, the second axis is dedicated to animal and underwater films, microcinematography and x-ray films
Heintz, Christophe. "Cognition scientifique et évolution culturelle : outils théoriques pour incorporer les études cognitives aux études sociales de la science." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145899.
Full textHopkins, Fleur. "Aux frontières de l'invisible : culture visuelle et instruments optiques dans le récit merveilleux-scientifique au passage du siècle (1894-1930)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H067.
Full textIn parallel with X-rays, aura photography and attempts to communicate with the planet Mars, the writer Maurice Renard shaped, between 1909 and 1930, a movement, unrecognized today: the “merveilleux-scientifique”. Its plot is rationally designed, with the exception of a scientific law that is invented or modified, allowing human beings to perform prodigies only found in fairy tales: shrinking or mind-reading. There is ample evidence in Maurice Renard’s various manifestos his literary model was conceived as an “optical machine”. As such, based on more than 00 stories, 100 authors and illustrators and nearly 800 illustrations, our study maps the obsession for the extension of the visible (seeing inside, seeing beyond, seeing the other side). To do this, we mobilized throughout our work new resources and concepts. Visual studies, on the one hand, highlight the changes made in the scopic regimes of the time (endoscopic view, panoptic view, optogrammic eye, etc.). They reveal new visual artifacts, such as “récits sous images”, suggestive advertising or illustrations of popular novels, valid as historical evidence of the historical construction of gaze, vision and visuality. Media Archaeology, on the other hand, gathers media that are forgotten, discarded, late or too far ahead of their time. This field of research collects a significant number of “imaginary media”, highly inventive: “psychograph“, “ondogene”, “electroscope”
Richard, Vincent. "Étude de la conception de la nature des sciences de chercheurs en sciences : pour un enrichissement et une actualisation de la conception de la nature des sciences en enseignement des sciences." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28837/28837.pdf.
Full textPlain considerations for the "nature of science" (NOS) tend to support more and more explicitly the effort to renew science teaching. However, the teacher’s most widely adopted definition of NOS lays itself open to criticism. This thesis focuses on life science researchers’ conceptions of the "nature of science" (NOS) and seeks to enrich and update a common conception of NOS in science education. To do this, we adopt an epistemological perspective largely inspired by Gérard Fourez’s writings - and that we called "social constructivist". This perspective brings us to sketch out what we understand to be some of the main aspects of the researchers’ understanding of NOS. In terms of method, one of our main concerns is to “give a say” to the subjects, both at the stage of data collection and analysis, in order to qualify the way we account for their understanding of NOS. Our "case study" approach relies on semi-structured interviews. A first thematic analysis allows us to "sketch out" original, rich and nuanced conceptions of NOS. At a second level of analysis, we identify five epistemological elements that, according to us, would contribute to enrich and update the common conception of NOS in science education. These are all related to the scientific method: 1) the importance of projects that guide the process of interpreting the data, 2) the consideration of different "contexts" in which is developed scientific knowledge, 3) the role of speculation and 4) publication in relation to the scientific method and, finally, 5) the moral commitment that underlies scientific practices.
Jousselin, Sophie. "La trajectivité de l'AHVP, une pratique ascendante et "transmunicante" élément de structuration et de singularisation du territoire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539607.
Full textPouliot, Chantal. "Appréhension estudiantine d'une controverse sociotechnique et rapport aux experts scientifiques : une étude de cas." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24505/24505.pdf.
Full textMartinez, Jean-Michel. "Les canons de la formation scientifique dans les écoles normales primaires de la réforme de 1880 à la réforme de 1905 : l'académie de Montpellier." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS531/document.
Full textWhen the French Third Republic was established, the academic policy conducted for public education contributed to develop scientific teaching in elementary classes. The nascent republic gave particular attention to teacher training colleges (écoles normales primaires), the mission of which was to provide masters for primary schools ; then public authority kept on exerting its action in order to set up scientific training in colleges for the following quarter century. Scientific training was meant to give future school teachers – men and women in separate entities – the ability to bring appropriate knowledge to the lower classes, through teaching processes that were in compliance with the standards required for public education. Knowledge, learnt from natural science, then taught in primary schools was supposed to be useful for the lives of future adults ; that specificity came out in teacher training as schemes including courses on agriculture, arts and crafts, home economics and hygiene. While it pertained to intellectual education in elementary schools, science teaching was also revalued in training colleges. Comparing documents of national significance to references collected at local level – from ten teaching colleges under the Montpellier Teaching Authority – leads to adopt an original approach for studying the ideals of scientific training for teachers. Alterations to the scientific curriculum together with the analysis of lines that were taken on training offered in colleges, at different times through that period, help to stress significant changes. Those changes resulted in redirecting the purpose of scientific training for future teachers. Respectively the status of each subject taught in training colleges evolved and urged public authority to relocate scientific applications in relation to physical and biological science. Teaching agriculture along with arts and crafts in colleges brought changes to the curriculum. Highlighting the changes and researching their causes in the historical conditions regarding the issue of duality between primary and secondary education, through the operating of colleges, are at the heart of this study on the ideals of scientific training for primary school teachers from 1880 to 1905
Bagnolini, Guillaume. "A la marge des sciences institutionnelles, philosophie et anthropologie de l'éthique du mouvement de biohacking en France." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2018/document.
Full textBiohacking provides sharp criticism against official scientific institutions and endorses a call for more freedom through the constitution of “independent” citizen laboratories, the so-called biohackerspaces. My dissertation, which has a philosophical and anthropological focus, is based essentially on the study of a citizen laboratory, la Myne in Lyon. After a historical part, dedicated to the description and analysis of the epistemological influences which inspire biohacking, I poses several questions: how does the practice of technical and scientific Do-It-Yourself in these spaces lead to the construction of “new” norms and moral values? How is collective ethics articulated in a space like la Myne? How do the moral values defended become operative with the set of an individual ethics throughout the time? The aim of this dissertation is to lead through a critical analysis of biohacking to a broader reflection on citizens’ participation in techno-scientific choices and on policies concerning scientific and technical production
Schaegis, Chrystelle. "Progrès scientifique et responsabilité." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131003.
Full textThe recent enforcements of the law of administrative responsibility, mainly as regards the medical cases, have raised a series of questions about scientific progress. Nevertheless, the study of both terms reveals their old and continuous interaction. The latter takes place, first, at the epistemological level. In effect, the responsibility constitutes the corollary of the administrative action, which takes part in the promotion of the scientific progress by publics authorities. In this context, the traditional representations of responsibility seem improper : one has to substitute a approach of the legal mechanism for the solidarist explanation. The representation of the responsibility, placed in the context of the global administrative action, becomes utilitarist. In other respects, the scientific progress pervades mechanisms of responsibility themselves : the judge often transposes the evolution of knowledge in the definition of damage injurious act, and the establishment of the causality link. He has also recourse to expertise for treating the damages. The study of the scientific progress' impact on the administrative responsability allows us to underline evolutions, but from both an external and an internal point of view. This receptivity of positive law to the scientific progress leads naturally to a reflection on the progress of the law of responsibility. But within the pragmaticist representation which should dominate the topic, such a progress is not noted in the capacity of the systems of responsibility. .
Cartellier, Dominique. "La communication scientifique face à l'industrialisation : mutations et enjeux dans l'édition scientifique, technique et médicale." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39045.
Full textScientific, technical and medical publishing are subject to the increasing dominance of the industries of mass culture and information. Their power alters the conditions required for publishing to operate in an independent manner and jeopardises its role in scientific communication. Scientific, technical and medical books only play a secondary role as a medium of scientific communication. But, they retain a certain legitimacy in that they are determined by the constraints of scientific endeavour. They are subject to the logic of supply, the logic of science but above all the logic of demand, a mercantile force that tends to prevail. As a result, scientific publishing is less and less an instrument for communicating and promoting science. Publishers are subject to production requirements that are specific to the world of science, which imposes its own standards and endorsement processes. They make only a slight contribution to the organization of publishing as a whole and the control they exercise is increasingly commercial in nature. The acceleration of the industrial process, caused in particular by the development of new technology, does not appear to contribute any additional energy to the sector, which is particularly influenced by the logic of the information industries, proposing increasingly customized services based on upstream control of information flows. The transformation of the sector must also be seen in the context of changes in the world of scientific communication, where technical media and market forces play an increasingly important role
Steinbach-Hüther, Ninja. "La circulation du savoir africain : présence et reception de la littérature académique africaine en Allemagne et en France." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE088.
Full textEven though international interconnectedness and globalization evoke the idea of being able to produce and receive knowledge equally all over the world, the maps of knowledge are unevenly distributed on a global scale. My dissertation project analyses this phenomenon by examining the trilateral, multidimensional transfer of African academic literature to Germany and France since the 1950s.The research interest of this project is to determine and organize the entire spectrum of publications from the social sciences and the humanities written by African authors and published in German and French publishing houses. The quantitative analysis on a macro level is based on already existing qualitative studies in the field. The quantitative analysis and the classification of the results give valuable knowledge about continuities and discontinuities in the publication of African academic literature over the span of six decades (1950-2012). The research further examines and elaborates upon geographical, thematic, and temporal profiles of the publishing houses as well as their personal, editorial, and linguistic preferences. By means of collecting, filtering, processing, and visualizing the data, it is possible to find out what kind of “academic Africa” has finally reached the two national book markets. This approach helps to identify new hypotheses and interpretations concerning the circulation of African knowledge in general through the specific example of academic literature from the social sciences and the humanities. Providing important theoretical and practical approaches for this project, the concept of cultural transfers is an established approach for analysing cultural border crossings between countries and regions. The methodological approach combines different methods and, for the data processing, includes examples from the digital humanities to realize an all-embracing reconstruction of the entire transfer process in both a quantitative and qualitative sense
Hebert, Catherine. "L'aide fiscale à la recherche scientifique et technique." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090048.
Full textSince 1982, we have been witnessing a reorganization of the assistance to scientific and technical research, which has clearly privileged fiscal measures to direct assistance. The object of this thesis has been to determine the fiscal policy towards the participants in this research, i. E. , the persons, companies, and groupings of companies. One part is devoted to the fiscal contribution to a broadening of the activities of research through closer ties between companies and universities, and through the research activities led in a european context. The structure of the thesis thus follows the evolution of science from the particular to the internationalization of research. For each of these concerns, three questions are raised : do the fiscal measures applied fulfill the objectives of the new fiscal policy on scientific and technical research? Do they answer the needs of the interested parties? Which fiscal measures could be used to reach theses objectives? Improvements have indeed been witnessed by companies, but the fiscal policy on research has not concerned itself sufficiently with persons, and it seems that small and medium-sized companies, through aimed at by the latest law texts, have hardly been favored. These last two questions have been dealt with through different interviews of large and small companies management staff, and researchers in public or university research laboratories
Hebert, Catherine. "Aide fiscale à la recherche scientifique et technique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376058401.
Full textVézina, Johanne. "La preuve technique et scientifique en droit pénal environnemental." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0008/MQ31805.pdf.
Full textMedzegue, M'akuè Joël-Jadot. "Développement durable et marché de l’Information scientifique et technique au Gabon." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083645.
Full textAt the beginning of this century, sustainable development became one of the collective concerns. This is why the study of the couple STI/NICT from the point of view of this development proves to be from now on one of the priority challenges for developing countries. This is because, whereas economic, social and cultural development in the North was mainly carried out while taking into account STI in most of the situations, it is recognized that poverty in the South is mainly a result of lack of decision and action information which accentuates under-development. However, so that decisions can be taken on the basis of reliable information, it is necessary to not only be concerned by its quality, quantity, availability, but by adequacy to problems encountered as well while bearing in mind that need for information is real on all levels of decision or action and for all the individuals. Thus, what is the place of STI/NICT in the service of sustainable development in Gabon ? What about STI local market? These questions, which calls on others, are studied in this work, especially the relationship between STI and sustainable development, STI and sustainable education, STI and sustainable health, NICT contribution. Lastly, proposals for a dynamic local market are outlined
Wang, Zhijié. "Situation et perspectives de l'information scientifique et technique de langue française en Chine." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30068.
Full textSince 1978, china has begun a radical reform in all the domaines, including the sector of scientific and technical information : so far, china opens up thoroughly of forign countries. These mutations have led to the development of scientific and technical information of french in this country. The current task is to give a general idea about some analysis, interesting comments and significant reflections of general scientific and technical information, particularly the one of french in china. Compared to the strong predomination of scientific and technical information of english in china and in the world, the one of french also has its own place by forming its documentary basis, its way of circulation, its disseminators and its users. The current situation of scientific and technical information of french is relatively positive, however, its prospects are uncertain while facing the new technologies and intercultural communication of information. Il will expand completely only when the certain measures are taken, such as keeping and increasing the exchanges between china and french-speaking countres, promoting the education of french in china with various methods, making electronic products, setting up more french-speaking sites of scientific and technical information, giving the importance of studies in the problems of intercultural communication. .
Terré, Dominique. "Naissance et déploiement de l'irrationnel dans le discours scientifique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10059.
Full textMakosso, Jean Félix. "Impact de l'information scientifique et technique sur l'agriculture au Congo." Lille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL3A001.
Full textDevaux, Gilles. "L'Organisation intergouvernementale de caractère scientifique et technique en Europe occidentale." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375941636.
Full textDINIA, ABDELMALEK. "Analyse linguistique et technique du traite d'al-gazari "recueil scientifique et technique sur les arts mecaniques"." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030020.
Full textOur research is expressed around the two large axises, the first liguistic, the second technical. In the linguistic-part we have composed a lexicon which regrouped all the technical terms used by al-gazari. This lexicon is based on a lexiconenclosure where some of these terms are represented in the context. A comparative study between the treatise al-gazari and the treatises brothers banu-musa, of the pseudo-archimede and the ridwan al hurasani permetted us to estimate all the neologisms, created by al-cazari. The proceeding use by al-gazari for the creation of his technical vocabulary are: the derivation, the transfert of sense and the browling. The second part of our research is a profond analysis of fifty types of the treatise of al-gazari, this analysis permets us to conclude the following constatations: i) the importance of the treatise in creation and in invention, we can admed at al-gazari the following inventions: a) in clock and watch making : escapement. B) in mechanical engineering: the truncate wheels and the crankconnecting red system, the last one permetted al-gazari to think of his lift and force pumps. Other mechanisms which transformed a circulary movement in a rectiline movement were used by al-gazary, we can mention among them the rack and the camshaft
Sow, Abdou Beukeu. "L’information scientifique et technique au Sénégal : représentations sociales et pratiques info-communicationnelles." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H058.
Full textHigher education and research develop can not be develop without taking a look at the anteriority of work and the sharing of results of research. The practices required for this purpose, which are grouped under the informational practices label, are numerous and depend on many considerations. This thesis propose to analyze those of Senegalese researchers. The analyzes are based on the sensemaking model initially developed by Karl Weick and used by Brenda Dervin in information science and communication. In these analyzes, particular attention is paid to the question of social representations. Our approach also includes other models elaborated in information science (Tom Wilson, Marcia Bates, Tefko Saracevic, Peiling Wang). This holistic approach is validated researchers and information professionals in Senegal. The analyzes of speeches the various interviews as well as the observations carried out about the influence of social services and the lack of a real device who would organize and standardize the information-sharing practices of researchers. Claiming "action research", the thesis proposes recommendations from the results of the analyzes
Penan, Hervé. "Pour une gestion bibliométrique de l'information scientifique et technique des entreprises : application en théorie microéconomique et financière." Toulouse 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU1A033.
Full textThe subject of this research is the management of scientific information for corporation environmental assessment. Its stated goal is to provide a quasi automatic protocol to produce accusate scientific information in whatever specific field of knowledge one company may be interest in. The bibliometric technique is presented as a scientific information management tool. The validity of the bibliometric protocol has been tested for the analysis of two specific fields of knowledge, finance and microeconomics
Lemoine, Arnaud. "Le progrès technique et scientifique et la norme de droit international : examen clinique de la normativité." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10050.
Full textAl-Hajj, Moustafa. "Extraction et formalisation de la sémantique des liens hypertextes dans des documents culturels, scientifiques et techniques." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4023.
Full textThe use of hypertext links on the web makes sites more attractive and easier to read and allows enrichment of sites by information coming from other sites. However, this links produce some difficulties for readers and search engines. The hypertext links are carrying semantic information which, if it were completely formalized, would be exploitable by programs to improve navigation and research of information, and would take its place in the emergence of semantic web. In this thesis, we propose an original methodology for the formal semantic extraction of hypertext links. The suggested method has been tested on the links of a corpus. The formalism RDF has been used to represent the link semantics. Ontology for the links specific to the field of biographies of famous people was made up starting from the link semantics extracted and then represented in RDFS. Some tools of supervised learning and of web pages characterization by keywords has been used to help with the formal extraction of semantics