Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cultures maraîchères'
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Abid, Karray Jihene. "Bilan hydrique d'un système de cultures intercalaires (olivier-culture maraîchère) en Tunisie Centrale : approche expérimentale et essai de modélisation." Montpellier, ENSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSA0021.
Full textPoilly, Claude. "Sur les marges de la filière : les petites exploitations maraichères de Tuxcacuesco (Mexique)." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20048.
Full textThe mexican vegetable and fruit markets are characterized by an offer artificially maintained under the solvable demand by the main agents or groups involved in these commodity chains. The principal wholesalers and the important producers based in the heart of the organization get the essential part of the income coming out of this situation. The small and average dealers or brokers and above all the small vegetable producers are often out of the sharing of the benefits, on the outsirkts of this organization where the risks are much higher. These peasants are involved in the organization of the production within the lands of a community (a case study is proposed about tuxcacuesco in the south of jalisco). The agrarian reform gives them lands; the government build irrigation units allowing them to start intensive cropping (vegetable). Access to the principal means of production (lands and water) depends on the hierarchic relationships reigning in the community, migration and the development of vegetable production bringing a new source of accumulation. The production risks and above all the marketing ones compel the farmers to adopt different strategies depending on their productive means and their preferences. Some wants to realize a better insertion in the commercial outputs helped by transport facilities and privileged relations with the dealers. Thus they leave the fringe where the vegetable producers are competitive among themselves. However the exchange terms remain favorable to the wholesalers except in case of insufficient production, they maintain the offer level by controlling the negotiation point because of the absence of imposed norms that compels the passage through the main markets
dreux, Nicolas. "Transfert et survie de Listeria monocytogenes dans l’environnement des cultures maraîchères." Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AVIG0719.
Full textThe survival and the transfer of Listeria in soil and on leaves were studied in open field and laboratory conditions. Studies in open field conditions identified the spreading of organic fertilizers and sprinkled-irrigation as agricultural practices contributing to the presence of L. Monocytogenes on produce. A higher relative humidity as well as a cooler climate would contribute to increase its survival. However, even with a high inoculum, Listeria did not persist in the environment of vegetable crops for long periods (decrease of 7 log in 63 days in the soil and of 9 log in 2 days on the leaves). In the laboratory, L. Monocytogenes was able to multiply on parsley leaves under satured relative humidity whereas its declined rapidly under low relative humidity (4-5 log in 8 days). However, under low relative humidity, a non-culturable viable population (VNC) of L. Monocytogenes remained on the leaf surfaces. This population of VNC did not seem to be able to recover its culturability when the parsley leaves were placed under satured relative humidity. The investigation of mechanisms involved in survival of L. Monocytogenes on parsley leaves under low relative humidity showed 1) the role of the alternative sigma factor B in the persistence of L. Monocytogenes on the parsley leaves; 2) the implication of the Fri protein in the persistence of VBNC L. Monocytogenes and 3) a protective effect of glycine betaine on L. Monocytogenes on the parsley leaves. The protective effect of the glycine betaine on L. Monocytogenes was not due to an intracellular accumulation by the uptake systems BetL, Gbu and OpuC
Guérin, Julie. "Diagnostic agroenvironnemental de la fertilisation phosphatée des cultures maraîchères en sols organiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26520/26520.pdf.
Full textOuattara, Alassane. "Épidémiologie moléculaire des géminivirus responsables de maladies émergentes sur les cultures maraîchères au Burkina Faso." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/17_52_AOuttara.pdf.
Full textGeminiviruses have emerged to become one of the largest and most economically important groups of plant-infecting viruses, and geminivirus-induced diseases are a major threat to worldwide vegetable production, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Importantly, the accumulated body of work on some of the most important geminiviral associated diseases clearly demonstrate the role of geminiviruses associated with wild plants on the emergence of disease on imported crops. Moreover, recent metagenomic data suggested that the vast majority of viruses characterized from crops represent only a small fraction of the phytoviruses in general. It is therefore of prime interest to obtain a better knowledge of viral diversity infecting crops and wild plants, the main epidemiological parameters involved in their emergence and their dynamic at the scale of agro-ecological systems. In this work, a survey of solanaceous crop fields and their surrounding uncultivated plants from 48 localities in Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast was performed. The sample analysis using classical molecular biology tools both confirm the incompleteness of our knowledge of the geminivial diversity and the existence of numerous alternative wild host plants. At least five species of begomovirus and mastrevirus were found in association with the ToLCD-TYLCD. A North to South increasing gradient of complexity of viruses populations was uncover with PepYVMLV being the most prevalent on cultivated solanaceous plants. The discovery of the association of a newly described DNA-B component with the PepYVMLV also lead to the study of the epidemiological parameters of this co-infection. Despite this association being relaxed, it was demonstrated that the virulence of the disease, the viral accumulation and the transmission by Bemisia tabaci were increased with the presence of the co-infection with the DNA-B component. All these factors are probably associated with the success of this association on the field. Because of the extreme severity of the resulting disease, the diffusion of this new DNA-B component at a larger scale would represent a major threat to tomato culture in Burkina Faso, Africa and the world in general. The use of a metagenomic approach, allow the generalization of our findings to full agro-ecological settings. Besides confirming previous species discovery, species yet undescribed in Burkina Faso along with completely new begomovirus species were described. The inspection of the virus-plant and virus-virus associations networks allow to uncover strong links existing between the viral corteges associated to groups of cultivated and uncultivated plants. These findings emphasized the necessity to consider full agro-ecological settings plant diversity rather than only crops in order to understand and prevent geminiviruses associated diseases. Globally, our results highlight the necessity to carry on the ongoing plant disease monitoring work and the inventory of viral populations associated with cultivated and uncultivated plants in order to understand the functioning of natural geminiviral community and the impact of human practices on the emergence of viral disease
Morel, Kevin. "Viabilité des microfermes maraîchères biologiques. Une étude inductive combinant méthodes qualitatives et modélisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA023/document.
Full textIn the context of the environmental and social challenges of the Anthropocene, microfarms are organic market gardens which are questioning the principles of agricultural modernisation. They are characterised by a high level of crop diversity on small acreages, low motorisation, holistic ecological approach and marketing through short supply chains. My PhD work examined the viability of these atypical farming systems which are raising an increasing interest in industrialised countries. It was based on the study of 20 cases in rural Northern France and 10 cases in the urban context of London. An inductive approach was carried out combining qualitative analysis of interviews with farmers and quantitative modelling based on field data.A conceptual framework was developed to analyse farmers’ strategic choices in the light of their life project embracing various aspirations where ethics and subjectivity played a central role. The fulfilment of these aspirations is determinant for the viability of these fams. A stochastic simulation model of income and workload was created to explore the chances of economic viability of contrasted microfarms scenarios integrating technical, commercial and investment strategies. Simulations were run for the French and London context and were discussed with stakeholders. Although viability chances vary among scenarios, this work shows that microfarms can be viable
Ndandou, Jean Fernand Nicaise. "Variations du stock organique et des propriétés physiques d'un vertisol sous prairie après la mise en culture maraichère : effet du mode de travail du sol." Montpellier, ENSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENSA0018.
Full textSawadogo, Abdoussalam. "Contribution à l'étude de la nématofaune et de la mycoflore antagoniste dans les cultures maraîchères du Burkina Faso." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20125.
Full textNiang, M'Bagne Diop. "Le développement des cultures maraichères dans les niayes au Sénégal depuis l'indépendance : expériences et réalisations." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100075.
Full textDia, Souleymane. "Les Niayes du nord (Sénégal). Evolution d'une région littorale en crise." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL384.
Full textNoubissié, Eric. "Spéciation des composés organométalliques (Hg, Sn, Pb) dans les sols des cultures maraîchères et dans trois espèces de plantes cultivées à Ngaoundéré (Cameroun)." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3006/document.
Full textUrban and suburban agriculture though widely practiced all over the world, sometimes faces difficulties due to the use of poor fertilizers. The objective of this thesis is to study the contamination risks of the soil-plant system by organometallic compounds (Pb, Hg and Sn), in a particular context of urban and suburban agriculture. To meet this goal, the species Lactuca sativa, Amaranthus hybridus and Corchorus olitorius were cultivated on soils amended with combustion debris (CD), like the farmers do in situ. The amended and non-amended soils are sampled and vegetables harvested at maturity on one hand, and at different stages of their growth on the other. The samples are treated, then the inorganic and organics forms of Pb, Hg and Sn are analyzed by ICP-MS and GC-ICP-MS respectively. The results obtained reveal the presence of mono methylmercury (MMeHg) in the soils and in the plants with concentrations respectively varying between nd to 171.567 ng/g and 7.83 ng/g to 34.72 ng/g. Tetra ethyl lead (TEtPb) is the most represented organo lead compounds (OLC) in the soils with concentrations ranging from 18.45 ng/g to 44611.959 ng/g respectively. Whereas in the plants, mono ethyl lead (MEtPb) is the most represented OLC with concentrations ranging from 0.78 ng/g to 56.90 ng/g. OTC were equally identified in the soils as well as in the plants with a predominance of dibutyl tin (DBT) in soil, and mono phenyltin (MPhT) in plants. Amongst the three plant species, C. olitorius turns out to be the species which accumulates MMeHg, OLC and OTC most. But in view of the of daily exposure doses (DED) to these toxic pollutants by ingestion of these vegetables, it is the consumption of L. sativa which presents the greatest danger. Moreover, consumption of this vegetable gives a DED of MPhT which is higher than its acceptable daily intake. The follow up of the accumulation of these organometallics by plants at different stages of their growth, revealed that the quantities of pollutants accumulated, decrease in the plant between first stage of growth and the maturity stage. The results of the absorption factors (Fa) have allowed to underline of phyto availability character of organometallics forms in soil, except for DBT. They have also revealed hyper accumulator abilities of A. hybridus and L. sativa for TBT. The combined results of Fa, translocation factor (Ft) and reports of mobility between the soil and the leaves (Rm (f/s)) have allowed to underline the facilitated translocation of ethylated (TEtPb), butylated (TBT) and phenylated (MPhT) forms, from the roots to the leaves
Huat, Joel. "Diagnostic sur la variabilité des modes de conduite d'une culture et de conséquences agronomiques dans une agriculture fortement soumise incertitudes : cas de la tomate de plein champ à Mayotte." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004410.
Full textColy, Emile Victor. "Biologie et écologie de la Mineuse Nord-Américaine des feuilles, Liriomyza trifolii Burgess, Diptera, Agromyzidae, ravageur des cultures maraîchères au Sénégal : étude des possibilités de lutte." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30068.
Full textClauzel, Céline. "Dynamiques de l'occupation du sol et mutations des usages dans les zones humides urbaines : étude comparée des hortillonnages d'Amiens (France) et des chinampas de Xochimilco (Mexique)." Paris 4, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351695.
Full textThis study proposes to identify, characterize and compare the recent changes in land using upon two urban wetlands : hortillonnages of Amiens (France) and chinampas of Xochimilco (Mexico). Established along the Middle Ages for agriculture, these areas were subjected to major changes in their functions and in their uses during the second half of the XXth century. Today, they are the support of numerous activities which are sometimes conflicting. Over the past decade, both sites, through their unique landscape, also became inherited common properties and tourist places. However surrounded by fast growing town, they are subjected to urban pressure which can jeopardize space and environment. These recent transformations can be evaluated by diachronic analysis of pictures and also with statistical and onsite datas. These are basics for a proposed guideline in order to answer every question regarding with spatial management keeping in mind that this proposed guideline has to be suitable with each expectation from the stakeholders
Fromageot, Audrey. "Vallées maraîchères, économies vivières : étude géographique de l'essor du maraîchage marchand dans les campagnes du nord de la Côte d'Ivoire et de l'ouest du Burkina Faso." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010662.
Full textFould, Sabine. "Détection dans le sol de Pasteuria penetrans, parasite obligatoire des nématodes phytoparasites du genre Meloidogyne et influence des facteurs telluriques abiotiques sur la distribution du complexe parasitaire." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10333.
Full textKedowide, Mevo Guezo Conchita Ghislaine. "SIG et analyse multicritère pour l’aide à la décision en agriculture urbaine dans les pays en développement, cas de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/163805911#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full text"Before 2030, the world population will increase by 3 billion individuals, among whom 95 % in developing countries, production of food will double, and that of waste and effluents will increase fourfold in cities. Three billion persons will lack infrastructure for sewage disposal. These patterns and their potential impact as well as the challenge its management, will beparticularly pronounced in regions in fast urbanizing regions amongst which sub‐Saharan Africa" (Mougeot et Moustier, 2004). This statement is vocal on the issue of integrating food security in urban environmental management in the cities of developing countries. One urban activity contributing to fighting poverty and promoting a clean environment is urban agriculture, in as much as it consists of “an industry that produces, processes, and markets food and fuel, largely in response to the daily demand of consumers within a town” (UNDP, 1998). It is a source of income for the underprivileged for whom jobs are created, and it participates in the purification of cities by using recycled waste as fertilizers and treated waste water. Nevertheless, in spite of its vital functions in developing countries, the urban agriculture suffers from a lack of recognition and carries little economic weight. This is justified by its call on scarce resources and the health and environmental risks associated with its practice. . . This situation is evidenced in the specific case of Burkina Faso, which is the subject of our study. So, the characterization made from the field data indicates that agriculture is marginalized in this administrative entity and it disturbs because it tries to settle where the city develops. It claims lands subject to high financial speculations by the authorities and water, a scarce resource in the Burkina‘s sahelian context. This explains its precarious and informal character and a long time, the lack of consideration in the projects of urban planning. The present study elucidates its profile and spatial distribution. It was interested at first in its spatiotemporal dynamics since 1996, which corresponds to the period when Agrarian and land reform (RAF, on 1999) was adopted in Burkina; secondly, it canvasses agricultural potential zones, where efforts of accompaniment should focus in order to help in the decision‐making by the territorial administrators of the Municipality of Ouagadougou. .
Jouy, Nicolas. "Etude de la résistance naturelle de deux Lycopersicon à des ravageurs de cultures maraîchères : identification des substances responsables, les (2,3,4-tri-O-acyl)-}a-D-glucopyranosyl)-(3-O-acyl)-b-D-fructofuranoside." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20278.
Full textN'Dienor, Moussa. "Fertilité et gestion de la fertilisation dans les sytèmes maraîchers périurbains des pays en dévelopeement : intérêts et limites de la valorisation agfricole des déchets urbains dans ces systèmes, cas de l'agglomération d'Antananarivo (Madagascar)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0034.
Full textBeaulieu, Nathalie. "Utilité des images de radar aéroporté en bande C pour l'évaluation du stade de croissance de la canne à sucre et des cultures maraîchères en milieu tropical, dans une optique de conservation des sols." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35756.pdf.
Full textGauthier, Érick. "Identité et parcours migratoire : la communauté maraîchère Hmong du Gard (France)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0136.
Full textLe, Guen Tanguy. "Les barrages du Nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire : développement socio-économique et état sanitaire des populations." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES1010.
Full textThe northern region of Ivory Coast, which has a varied climate of the sudanese type and a rural population density that is on the average small (with the exception of the surroundings of Korhogo), has, since 1960, seen the creation in the low-lying areas of 269 dams for the use of animal raising and 19 others for the irrigation of rice fields and for truck gardening purposes. The customary form of farming of the Senoufos of northern Ivory Coast, has been radically transformed with the use of hydro agricultural dams for the development of irrigated rice growing and agricultural pastoral dams for truck gardening. The presence of permanent waters has generally been appreciated in villages where people have seen their living conditions been improved. Facing the multi-purpose of these dams leading to a raise in the contacts between human and water, the risk to see some water diseases appear or reappear is getting more and more serious, especially for schistosomiasis. Surveys conducted on the inhabitants of 10 villages have allowed to realize that the risks of schistosomiasis development linbed to the new water conditions were still relatively weak in the North of Ivory Coast but vigilance was still necessary
Boulestreau, Yann. "Une démarche de co-conception d’innovations du système de culture au système agri-alimentaire pour une gestion agroécologique des bioagresseurs telluriques en maraîchage provençal Analyzing barriers and levers for practice change: a new framework applied to vegetables’ soil pest management." Thesis, Avignon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AVIG0725.
Full textA rapid and far-reaching change towards farming practices that contribute to the protection of the environment and the human health is needed. In many cases, these alternative practices exist but are not implemented due to interconnected barriers at the plot, farm, territory, value chain and/or global level. In my thesis, I developed a methodology taking into account the determinants of the farming practice choices at the different levels to support the change in farming practices. I applied this methodology to a specific case study: the management of soil-borne pests and diseases, mainly root-knot nematodes, in sheltered vegetable farming systems in Provence (France). The impact of root-knot nematodes on vegetable crops is significant both in Provence (40% of farms affected) and worldwide. Their management is essentially based on the use of non-selective nematicides that are damaging for the human health and the environment.First, I carried out a sociotechnical analysis showing that most of the Provençal agri-food system was locked around the use of "radical soil disinfection" techniques, thus excluding the implementation of alternative agroecological techniques. This lock-in arose from interconnected barriers to the change in practices, involving a diversity of stakeholders at the Provençal level and beyond it: farmers, upstream and downstream of the sector (including consumers), R&D and public policy actors. Following this analysis, I studied existing coupled innovations that foster the implementation of agroecological crop protection in French vegetable systems. This “tracking of innovations” led us to identify 5 types of coupled innovations, and for each of them, the combinations of sociotechnical levers mobilized and the way they were implemented. Meanwhile, I developed a serious game enabling the effective sharing of the sociotechnical analysis results to the stakeholders of the studied problem. This serious game also enabled to facilitate stakeholders’ knowledge management and creativity and the collaboration between them, for initiating the design of innovative solutions tailored for the problem under study. Finally, I mobilized the previous works (analysis, tracking, serious game) in 4 co-design workshops conducted with the stakeholders. I created and implemented several methods in these workshops to design increasingly elaborate solutions that favor change in practices. As a result, we collectively designed 50 coupled innovations including 41 coupled innovations, thus opening up the space of possible solutions. We evaluated part of the complex coupled innovations.In the discussion, I point out the promising avenues of action and research to facilitate the implementation of agroecological practices for the management of soil-borne pests and diseases in Provençal sheltered vegetable farming systems. I discuss the possible evolution of the methodology I developed during this thesis, in order to improve its efficiency and complete the design process. I make proposals to specify the conditions of the implementation of the innovations designed, evaluate them and anchor them in the territorial agri-food system. Finally, I show that this work contributes to establishing theoretical and methodological bases to multi-level redesign of agricultural systems for accompanying changes in farming practices.Parts A "Problem" and C "Discussion" of my thesis are written in French. Part B consists of three articles and one chapter of the thesis written in English
Catalogna, Maxime. "Expérimentations de pratiques agroécologiques réalisées par des agriculteurs : proposition d’un cadre d’analyse à partir du cas des grandes cultures et du maraîchage diversifié dans le département de la Drôme." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0705/document.
Full textThe intensification of ecological processes proposed by agroecology is highly dependent on the agricultural context. A renewal of farming knowledge is necessary to adapt each agro-ecological practice. In this thesis, we studied farmers’ experiments, defined as a process of testing practices that embody hypotheses both on their implementation and on the targeted agro-ecological processes. Our work is based on surveys of 17 farmers, mainly Drôme farmers, who were either diversified market gardeners or cereal farmers.We have formalized the farmers’ experiments with two notions: the experimental situation (SE) and the experimentation itinerary (ITE). They concern respectively short time (annual or infra-annual) and long time (multi-year) and are the subject of the first two chapters of the results. In the first one, we built an analytical framework that includes design, implementation and evaluation phases. From this framework, we studied the diversity of a sample of 181 SEs and identified 10 groups of SEs organized into 4 clusters. The typology obtained depends on a particular variable which is the type of link to previous SEs. In the second chapter of the result, we have deepened these links by focusing on ITEs, defined as the combination of different SEs on a particular agro-ecological theme. We identified 4 types of ITEs that differ in their experimental intensity, the links between SEs and the emission or not of new experimental branches.The third chapter of the result deals with the question of farmers developing knowledge through their experiments. After having characterized different forms of knowledge, more or less stabilized, we propose three processes for the development of advanced knowledge through experimentation.The SE/ITE model is promising to support farmers. The chronological timeline of SEs organized in ITEs represents a potential reflexivity tool
Le, Gall Julie. "Buenos Aires maraîchère : une Buenos Aires bolivienne ? : le complexe maraîcher de la région métropolitaine à l'épreuve de nouveaux acteurs." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682541.
Full textDjibo, Hassoumi. "Agriculture urbaine et périurbaine : le maraîchage à Niamey/Niger." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0008.
Full textUrban and peri urban market gardening of the urban community of Niamey (CUN) is an activity practiced by various actors. These actors are distinguished from each other by belonging to a social or ethnic group, the land status, the size of the garden, the choice of productions the time devoted to gardening (full or part time) and in some cases, by a professional category. The production and commercialization of agricultural products gives birth to three distinct circuits : a short circuit wich corresponds to a direct, forwarding of the production to consumers ; a medium circuit wich integrates producers, retailers and consumers ; and finally a long circuit in wich not only producers but also wholesalers, facilitators, retailers and consumers take part. Vegetables are produced in three types of sites wich differ from one another in the texture of the soil, the supply in water, the size of the gardens and their location relatively to the urban center. They also differ in number of cultivators and the way they acquired the gardens. From a financial way, the gardening activity urban and peri-urban areas of Niamey, brings to large and medium producers regular and significant revenues that exceed even the salary than a primary teacher. Market gardening allows them to daily expenses for all of their families. It also helps the enrichment of economic actors, food security and the revival of the local economy. From a social point of view, some producers of the lower class are integrating themselves into social life thanks to the income they generate with the production or the commercialization of vegetables. The market-gardening becomes for them a way to guaranty their survival in a city where life is more and more costly. This agricultural activity guaranties them with ways to obtain social stability
Guillemin, Pierre. "Les mondes légumiers et maraîchers en Normandie : hétérogénéité sociale et renouvellement de filières agricoles et alimentaires." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC024.
Full textEmblematic sectors of the coasts of western France and peri-urban areas, vegetable production and farming are undergoing some major transformations : agribusiness integration, internationalization of markets, phytosanitary regulation, increased need for hired labor, installation outside the family-owned organisation, development of organic farming and short food supply chain food territorialization.Faced with the recent changes impacting this historically diversified productive sector, this social geography work is based on a typology of farms at the scale of Lower Normandy, resulting from the multivariate statistical analysis of the Agricultural Census, and complemented by a regional press review. The field survey complements the methodological approach in order to link the structural study to the functional analysis of farming systems. The results constitute a prerequisite for the analysis of the sectors through the localized coordination of market gardening and vegetable farms in the form of zones (peri-urban productions) or (micro) agricultural production basins (Créançais and Val de Saire, Baie du Mont-Saint- Michel, Lingreville, Plaine de Caen and Perche Ornais). Complementedby field surveys, the diachronic and systemic analysis of these localized agrifood systems reveals varied productive trajectories between adaptation, crisis, reconversion and emergence. These dynamics arise from the interrelationships between local agricultural worlds, rural and urban worlds which take place at different scales, from the localized production region to the political region, and according to national and supranational political and economic frameworks.The thesis analyzes vegetable basins or market production areas as a constituent element of different types of localized social spaces. The socio-territorial configurations identified define contexts of socialization with different class relations. Based on interviews, direct and participatory observations and ethnographic immersions, the thesis sheds light on the stratification of the vegetable and market growing worlds in Lower Normandy, from established fractions of the agricultural bourgeoisie and others in the process of gentrification, up to to the professionalization of popular vegetable practices, through the fractions of a degraded or renewed bourgeoisie. These different agricultural fractions are not considered or integrated in the same way by local public policies for land use planning and economic development. Moreover, the greater or lesser weight of these groups in the local space is the product of small-scale political and economic strategies. As a result, certain basins constitute popular places in the territory of agribusiness companies
Mawois, Marie. "Constitution des systèmes de culture maraîchers à proximité d'une ville : quelles marges de manœuvre des agriculteurs pour répondre à une augmentation de la demande ? Cas des systèmes de culture à base de légumes feuilles dans l'espace périurbain de Mahajanga (Madagascar)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573688.
Full textAmisse, Sylvain. "Dynamiques de cluster : logiques coévolutives et séquences de proximités, le cas du végétal spécialisé." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982693.
Full textNilusmas, Samuel. "Gestion durable des nématodes à galles en culture maraîchère par la modélisation et l’optimisation du déploiement de variétés résistantes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4086.
Full textRoot-knot nematodes are obligate soil-borne endoparasites of plant roots that cause major yield losses throughout the world. Environmentally-friendly plant protection methods against root-knot nematodes are mainly based on the use of resistant plant cultivars. These cultivars efficiently control nematode populations naturally present in the field, but they favour the emergence of virulent variants that circumvent the resistance genes carried by these cultivars. Since virulence is associated with fitness costs, which limit the virulent nematode ability to infest plant roots or reproduce, susceptible crops counter-select virulent nematodes. The aim of this thesis is to identify effective and sustainable resistance deployment strategies to control root-knot nematodes in horticultural crops. To this end, we developed a semi-discrete epidemiological model describing the nematode dynamics in the soil and in the roots of a resistant or susceptible plant during its growing season, as well as the survival of nematodes in the soil between cropping seasons. The model was fitted to experimental data of within-season infestation of susceptible tomato roots. It was used to determine the rotation strategies alternating susceptible and resistant plants that maximise an average yield proxy, over different time horizons and for different combinations of epidemiological intensity and genetic parameters (mutation rate and virulence costs). Moreover, sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the plant resistance deployment strategies. Our results show that carefully designed rotation strategies would not only increase crop yield, but also preserve the sustainability of resistance genes. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of our results. This thesis opens both experimental and modelling perspectives for a better control of root-knot nematodes
Asloum, Hassida. "Élaboration d'un système de production maraîchère (tomate, Lycopersicum esculentum L. ) en culture hors sol pour les régions sahariennes : utilisation de substrats sableux et d'eaux saumâtres." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4443.
Full textSamak, Madeline. "Un engagement par le travail ? : enquête sur les maraîchers biologiques des Alpes-Maritimes." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0072.
Full textA committed work ? Inquiry of the organic truck farmers in the Alpes-Maritimes. This thesis relies on an ethnographical investigation led within a departmental space of organic truck farms. At the crossroads of the economic sociology of independent workers and the sociology of activist commitment, it deals with biographical pathways and professional and militant practices of truck farmers who label their products as organic. First of all, and after an original historic lighting of the constitution of the organic local movement, the research focuses on the individual determiners of the compliance to the organic methods. This first time of the analysis questions the binary speeches which set the organic farmers with "pure" intentions against those who act "by interest". The research is then interested in the conditions in which the professional ethos of organic truck farmers fits with the militant practices encouraged by the movement, and leads these farmers to think of their work as a commitment for a cause. It proposes to this end a typology of the various ways of being an organic farmer, then attempts to show the reversibility of these professional commitments of a particular kind, mobilizing family companies and not individuals. Finally, the thesis examines the modalities and the effect of the collective action of organic farmers in the social and professional space, and allows to shed light on the contemporary transformations of the organic movement, in a context of institutionalization of the cause. In the end, by mobilizing three different scales of analysis, the individual pathway, the family company, and the militant collective, this work brings to light the social conditions, the modalities and the individual and collective effects of a committed work
Ondo, Jean Aubin. "Vulnérabilité des sols maraîchers du Gabon (région de Libreville) : acidification et mobilité des éléments métalliques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10097/document.
Full textUrbanization is growing rapidly worldwide, especially in Africa. Feed this urban population requires to double agricultural production before 2030. One of solution seems to be urban agriculture. Gabon, like other African countries, is experiencing a boom of urban agriculture, particularly in Libreville. But no concrete study of the impact of urban agriculture on the bio-physico-chemical properties and behavior of metals in soils has yet been carried out in the country. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the impact of urban gardening on soil properties, and the presence of metals in soils and crops.The urban gardening is practiced under cover or in open air and some factors hinder its development (instruction level of gardeners, land insecurity, fertilizers, limited access to water ...). Soils in Libreville are sandy-loam or clay-sandy-loam. The content of metals is generally low and the risk of contamination in the food is limited. Soils cultivated for less than 10 years and soils cultivated under cover do not undergo a significant impact of agricultural practices. In contrast, soils cultivated in open air for at least 10 years are acidified, their fertility parameters and metal content decreasing significantly. The pH is correlated with the chemical speciation of metals and there is a good mobility of Mn, Pb and Zn in soils. Metal content in vegetables grown in Libreville was below the limits allowed by the FAO. Amaranth and sorrel accumulated many metals, especially in the leaves that are consumed parts. The simulation of the liming of agricultural soils cultivated in open air for at least 10 years with the PHREEQC software shows that stabilization to pH 6-7 would improve soils fertility. Some experiments in situ and in laboratory are needed to confirm these results and other mineral and/or organics inputs tests
Bergeron, Piette Eliane. "Pertes d'eau et de solutés durant l'irrigation de laitues romaines en sols organiques : comparaison de méthodes d'évaluation et impacts sur les rendements." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22405.
Full textBronsard, Karen. "Main-d'oeuvre mexicaine sur les terres agricoles québécoises : entre mythe et réalité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24927/24927.pdf.
Full textEvery year, under the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program, Mexicans arrive on Canadian soil to fill the labour shortages with which farmers are faced. As individual social actors in a complex web of interdependence, both the Canadian farmer and the Mexican worker have their reasons for taking advantage of the program in spite of the criticism that surrounds it. The critiques are fueled by an international debate portraying farmers as mistreating, neglecting, and abusing their employees while depicting Mexican workers as victims of the program. However, this depiction is incomplete; it neglects the farmers’ perspective. Amidst a revenue crisis and faced with an uncertain future, producers are confronted by challenges specific to market gardening. Following interviews conducted in the summer of 2006 in three regions of Québec, Montérégie, Lanaudière, and the Québec City area, results demonstrated that interdependence between foreign workers and local producers was present. The nature of farm work is explored and the results attempt to put the existing critiques of the Seasonal Agricultural Worker’s Programme into a new context.
Robineau, Ophélie. "Vivre de l'agriculture dans la ville africaine : une géographie des arrangements entre acteurs à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917958.
Full textDumbi, Suka Claudine. "Quel avenir pour les ménages maraîchers en République Démocratique du Congo ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12015.
Full textThe widespread (or ongoing) crisis which persists in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for more than two decades has strong repercussions on the Congolese population. Indeed, the scale and duration of the Congolese « multi-crisis » drives the people to prioritize survival strategies, founded on creative resourcefulness. These coping strategies are based on informal activities, among which market gardening comes almost in first place. But the conditions in which the Congolese market gardeners, in this case those in Kinshasa and in Mbanza-Ngungu, carry out their activities, as well as the risks they face in relation to land ownership issues, to marketing and to production, raise questions about their means of existence and their future. Moreover, these market gardeners are also victims of threats from traditional village chiefs. Thus, they continue their activities whilst being conscious that they are exposed to diverse risks (expulsion, robbery, etc.). That the market gardeners continue this activity, in spite of all the risks they face, proves in many ways that this practice is important and a source of revenue for several of the households surveyed. The insecurity of land ownership is a risk which makes the future uncertain for the market garden sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In this context, an attempt to evaluate the resilience of market gardening has been undertaken in the research for this thesis, in order to understand better the strategies employed in the fight against the difficulties met by the market gardeners, and their ability to plan for the future (agency). Thus, only the market gardener who is not subject to land threats on his production site and whose means of existence is well-secured, thanks to the revenue generated from market gardening, only he can be considered a resilient market gardener
Côté, Caroline. "Risques biologiques associés aux épandages d'engrais de ferme dans les cultures maraîchères." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17511.
Full textFranck, Alice. "Produire pour la ville, produire la ville : Etude de l'intégration des activités agricoles et des agriculteurs dans l'agglomération du Grand Khartoum (Soudan)." Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00232876.
Full textCette étude souhaite prendre en compte plusieurs activités agricoles du Grand Khartoum de manière à mettre en évidence la diversité de situations qui relève de l'agriculture urbaine et d'autoriser ainsi des analyses comparées. Le cadre spatial de ce travail est l'ensemble de la capitale soudanaise afin d'avoir un questionnement autour de la viabilité d'une utilisation agricole de l'espace et cela, dans la globalité de l'emprise territoriale de la ville.
Je souhaite étudier et comprendre la nature ambiguë des rapports qu'entretiennent réciproquement la ville et ses agriculteurs dans le but d'appréhender les questions de pérennité des activités agricoles en milieu urbain.
Le travail mené pour présenter l'agriculture urbaine du Grand Khartoum permettra d'exposer un certain nombre d'éléments qui conditionnent la pérennité de ces différentes activités et leur déplacement au gré des extensions et requalification de l'espace.
Si l'avenir de l'agriculture urbaine dépend, dans une large part, de la politique des pouvoirs publics, il est également lié à l'intégration socio-économique en ville des agriculteurs.
Enfin, le fait qu'actuellement l'ambivalence des rapports ville/agriculteurs soit exacerbée par la poursuite de la croissance spatiale et démographique du Grand Khartoum et par les changements du contexte politico-économique soudanais, nous donnera la possibilité d'ouvrir le débat sur la ville elle même. C'est en ce sens, une entrée pour une approche plus générale des politiques urbaines, de la maîtrise foncière et des modes d'insertion et d'adaptation des migrants.