Journal articles: 'Cumana'

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Xi, Jiao, Zanbo Ding, Tengqi Xu, Wenxing Qu, Yanzhi Xu, Yongqing Ma, Quanhong Xue, Yongxin Liu, and Yanbing Lin. "Maize Rotation Combined with Streptomyces rochei D74 to Eliminate Orobanche cumana Seed Bank in the Farmland." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123129.

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Orobanche cumama wallr. is the sunflower root parasitic weed with special life stage in which seed germination and parasitism take place in the soil. In practice, applying microbial agents and trapping crop rotation are utilized separately, or just one of them is selected to control O. cumana. The development of the sunflower industry is severely constrained on the farmland, where there is high density of O. cumana’s seed banks. In this study, two biological control methods were combined to solve the problem of O. cumana parasitism. The bioassay experiment showed that the high concentration fermentation filtrates of Streptomyces rochei D74 could effectively inhibit the germination and growth of the germ tube of O. cumana seeds. As the concentration was increased to 3.1 mg/mL, O. cumana was almost unable to sprout. A two-year pot experiment revealed that the use of D74 agents and sunflower–maize–sunflower rotation together promoted sunflower growth, as shown by the biomass accumulation, plant height, and denser root systems. The combined method resulted in a significant decrease in the number of O. cumana parasitism, compared to one method alone. Additionally, it affected the bacterial community composition of sunflower rhizosphere, mostly leading to an increase in Streptomyces and Brevibacterium and a decrease in Arthrobacter. This experiment, combined with multiple biological control, means significantly reducing the parasitism of O. cumana, which provides an effective foundation for practical application.

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VALLARIELLO, ROBERTA, DUILIO IAMONICO, and EMANUELE DEL GUACCHIO. "Typification of three accepted names in Limonium (Plumbaginaceae)." Phytotaxa 263, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.263.2.5.

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The names Statice cumana (currently Limonium cumanum), S. inarimensis (≡ L. inarimensis), and S. remotispicula (≡ L. remotispiculum) are lectotypified on specimens preserved at NAP and FI. These species are endemic to the south Tyrrhenian coasts (SW Italy), two of them (L. cumanum, and L. inarimensis) being narrow endemic to Campania region. A nomenclatural change (Limonium cumanum var. glabrescens, comb. nov.) is also proposed.

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Huang, Qixiu, Zhonghua Lei, Lijun Xiang, Wangfeng Zhang, Li Zhang, and Yan Gao. "Transcriptomic Analysis of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Roots Resistance to Orobanche cumana at the Seedling Stage." Horticulturae 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8080701.

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Orobanche cumana is a root alloparasitic plant that drastically reduces sunflower (Helianthus annuus) production. In this study, transcriptomic changes of O. cumana-resistant (HZ2399) and O. cumana-sensitive (SQ25) sunflower seedlings were investigated at six time points (0–72 h) following O. cumana infection. The process of resistance to O. cumana was similar in HZ2399 and SQ25 seedlings, however, significantly higher regulatory activity was observed in the resistant plants. In HZ2399, most of the 54 upregulated genes were involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant–pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. These genes were mainly associated with antioxidant responses, responses to stress, stimulation responses, and metabolic processes. The expression level of the three most significantly upregulated genes in HZ2399 (4CL2, EDS1, and TGA3) was significantly higher than that of SQ25, suggesting that they may be the main causes of O. cumana immunity in HZ2399. It is hypothesized that sunflower resistance to O. cumana parasitism is dependent on salicylic acid (SA), a disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS-LRR class) family (RPS4), and EDS1. The results of this study contribute to elucidating the mechanism of O. cumana resistance in sunflower and for the molecular breeding of O. cumana resistance.

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Dor, Evgenia, Dina Plakhine, Daniel M. Joel, Hailey Larose, James H. Westwood, Evgeny Smirnov, Hammam Ziadna, and Joseph Hershenhorn. "A new race of sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana) with a wider host range due to changes in seed response to strigolactones." Weed Science 68, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2019.73.

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AbstractBroomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche species, Orobanchaceae) are obligate root parasites of dicotyledonous plants. This taxonomic group includes seven weedy parasites of agricultural crops that damage vegetables, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and legumes. Processing-tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fields in Israel have been recently found infested with a new broomrape, first identified as nodding broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl.) based on its host. However, its morphology resembled the closely related sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.), an obligate parasite of sunflower. The new race (CUCE) parasitized sunflower, tomato, and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in vitro, in a polyethylene bag system and in pots. Its seeds germinated in response to strigolactones (orobanchol, 5-deoxystrigol, 2′-epiorobanchol, and GR24) and dehydrocostus lactone (DCL), whereas O. cumana seeds responded only to DCL and GR24, and O. cernua only to strigolactones. Based on morphological similarities with O. cumana, shared molecular markers with O. cumana, ability to parasitize sunflower and respond to sunflower-germination stimulants, it was concluded that CUCE is a new race of O. cumana, with a host range expanding to Solanaceae crops. While being an important noxious weed of sunflower, this new O. cumana race is currently spreading and posing a threat to processing tomato in Israel. This finding is an alarming indication that broomrapes can shift host range and that similar new races of O. cumana could potentially appear in other countries.

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Eizenberg, H., D. Plakhine, T. Landa, G. Achdari, D. M. Joel, and J. Hershenhorn. "First Report of a New Race of Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) in Israel." Plant Disease 88, no. 11 (November 2004): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.11.1284c.

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The genus Orobanche includes chlorophyll-lacking root parasites that parasitize many dicotyledonous species and causes severe damage to vegetable and field crops worldwide. Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is known in Eurasia as a specific parasite of sunflower, which differs from the nodding broomrape (O. cernua Loefl) in host specificity and morphological characteristics (3). Together with Egyptian broomrape (O. aegyptiaca Pers.), it seriously parasitizes sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Israel (1). Prior to 2000, the local confectionary sunflower cvs. Ambar and Gitit proved to be resistant to the local O. cumana populations in Israel (2). A preliminary study, which we conducted in 1995 using the Vranceanu's differentials (4), indicated that O. cumana populations in Israel behave like the known race C. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, we also found a very low intraspecific diversity of this species in Israel at that time. However, in 2000, infection of the sunflower cvs. Ambar and Gitit was reported in two fields (Gadot and Afek) in northern Israel. In 2001 and 2002, O. cumana parasitized these cultivars in three more locations as much as 50 km apart (Tel-Adashim, Mevo-Hama, and Bet-Hilel). To determine the virulence of O. cumana populations on sunflower cultivars under controlled conditions, O. cumana seeds were collected in the above mentioned sunflower fields. In addition, we also used seeds from an O. cumana population collected in Alonim in 1997. This latter population did not infect the above mentioned ‘resistant’ sunflower cultivars in the field (2,); therefore, represented the previously known O. cumana populations in Israel. Resistant (Ambar) and susceptible (D.Y.3) sunflower cultivars were planted in separate pots that were differentially filled with soil that was inoculated with O. cumana seeds of the different populations. The experiment was performed in a full factorial arrangement with six replications. As expected, O. cumana from Alonim failed to attack the resistant sunflower. However, the O. cumana populations that were collected in the five other fields seriously attacked both sunflower cultivars, indicating higher virulence. O. cumana from all five new populations proved more virulent than the Alonim population on cvs. Ambar and D.Y.3. The occurrence of these new virulent populations could have several reasons including: (i) importation of virulent parasite seeds from abroad; or (ii) local development of virulence from previously avirulent populations. The latter could be favored by the continuous and repeated use of the available resistant varieties that are all based on a single resistance response (2). References: (1) H. Eizenberg and D. M. Joel. Orobanche in Israeli agriculture. Workshop of COST Action 849, Parasitic Plant Management in Sustainable Agriculture, 2001. (2) H. Eizenberg et al. Plant Dis. 88:479, 2003. (3) D. M. Joel. Phytoparasitica 16:375, 1988. (4) A. V. Vranceanu et al. Proc. 9th Sunflower Conf. 1:74–82, 1980.

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Eizenberg, H., D. Plakhine, J. Hershenhorn, Y. Kleifeld, and B. Rubin. "Variation in Responses of Sunflower Cultivars to the Parasitic Weed Broomrape." Plant Disease 88, no. 5 (May 2004): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.5.479.

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Development of four Orobanche species, O. cumana, O. aegyptiaca, O. ramosa, and O. cernua, was compared on resistant and susceptible sunflower cultivars. Sunflower plants were infected by O. cumana, O. aegyptiaca, and O. ramosa, but not by O. cernua, in field and greenhouse studies. However, cultivating the hosts and parasites in a polyethylene bag system allowed the observation that sunflower induced O. cernua seed germination. This difference demonstrates that O. cernua is unique from the other three species. O. cumana, O. aegyptiaca, and O. ramosa attached to and developed tubercles on the susceptible sunflower ‘Adi.’ On the resistant ‘Ambar’ sunflower, a greater percentage of tubercles were degenerated or dead than on the susceptible cultivar. Thus, resistance of Ambar appears to manifest during tubercle development. Seed production of Adi sunflower was greatly reduced with infection by O. cumana.

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Xu, Tengqi, Jihong Ke, Yufan Wang, Yiqiong Zhang, Jiao Xi, Xiaomin Wei, Yongqing Ma, and Yanbing Lin. "Silicon Fertilization Improves Sunflower Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure and Reduces Parasitism by Orobanche cumana Wallr." Agronomy 14, no. 6 (June 18, 2024): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061312.

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Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) has severely restricted the development of the sunflower industry in China, and more efficient and convenient control methods are urgently needed. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of N, P and silica fertilizers on the parasitism rate of O. cumana, as well as on the yield of sunflower and native microbial communities in the field. Firstly, pot experiments were conducted to select the most effective fertilization method and to determine the physiological and biochemical indexes of sunflowers. Subsequently, field application studies were carried out to determine the physiological indexes, yield, O. cumana parasitism on sunflower, and the effect on the indigenous microbial community. The results demonstrate that compared with the CNP treatment (Control), the number of parasites under the N1P5 treatment significantly decreased by 66.15%. The exogenous application of silica can significantly reduce the number of O. cumana parasites. The treatments with N1P5 (N/P = 1:5) and available SiO2 content higher than 40 mg/kg (NS2, NS3, SF2 and SF3) significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in sunflower leaves. In the field, fertilization significantly decreased the number of O. cumana parasites. The S treatment improved the native microbial community structure and enriched beneficial microorganisms, including Vicinamibacteria and Pyrinomonadaceae. Additionally, applying the S treatment significantly increased sunflower yield by 23.82% and crude protein content by 20.20%. In summary, the application of silicon fertilizer can effectively improve the host microbial community, reduce O. cumana parasitism and improve the yield and quality of sunflower.

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Ivanović, Žarko, Dragana Marisavljević, Radovan Marinković, Petar Mitrović, Jovana Blagojević, Ivan Nikolić, and Danijela Pavlović. "Genetic Diversity of Orobanche cumana Populations in Serbia." Plant Pathology Journal 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2021.0066.

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In this study, we report genetic characterization of Orobanche cumana, the causal agent of sunflower wilting in Serbia. The genetic diversity of this parasitic plant in Serbia was not studied before. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and partial rbcL gene sequences analysis were used to characterize the O. cumana populations at the molecular level. While phylogenetic analyses of RAPD-PCR amplicons were performed using unweighted pair-group Method analyses, rbcL gene sequences were analyzed using neigbor joining method and minimum spanning tree. Molecular analyses of RAPD-PCR analysis revealed high genetic diversity of O. cumana populations which indicated high adaptive potential of this parasitic weed in Serbia. Further analyses of rbcL gene using minimum spanning tree revealed clear differences among diverse sections of Orobanche genus. Although this molecular marker lacked the resolution to display intrapopulation diversity it could be a useful tool for understanding the evolution of this parasitic plant. Our results suggested that O. cumana has great genetic potential which can lead to differentiation of more virulent races which is important for determining crop breeding strategies for their control.

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Lati, Ran, Sagi Filin, Bashar Elnashef, and Hanan Eizenberg. "3-D Image-Driven Morphological Crop Analysis: A Novel Method for Detection of Sunflower Broomrape Initial Subsoil Parasitism." Sensors 19, no. 7 (April 1, 2019): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071569.

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Effective control of the parasitic weed sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) can be achieved by herbicides application in early parasitism stages. However, the growing environmental concerns associated with herbicide treatments have motivated the adoption of precise chemical control approaches that detect and treat infested areas exclusively. The main challenge in developing such control practices for O. cumana lies in the fact that most of its life-cycle occurs in the soil sub-surface and by the time shoots emerge and become observable, the damage to the crop is irreversible. This paper approaches early O. cumana detection by hypothesizing that its parasitism already impacts the host plant morphology at the sub-soil surface developmental stage. To validate this hypothesis, O. cumana- infested sunflower and non-infested control plants were grown in pots and imaged weekly over 45-day period. Three-dimensional plant models were reconstructed using image-based multi-view stereo followed by derivation of their morphological parameters, down to the organ-level. Among the parameters estimated, height and first internode length were the earliest definitive indicators of infection. Furthermore, the detection timing of both parameters was early enough for herbicide post-emergence application. Considering the fact that 3-D morphological modeling is nondestructive, is based on commercially available RGB sensors and can be used under natural illumination; this approach holds potential contribution for site specific pre-emergence managements of parasitic weeds and as a phenotyping tool in O. cumana resistant sunflower breeding projects.

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Yonet, Nilay, Yıldız Aydin, Goksel Evci, and Ahu Altinkut Uncuoglu. "Genomic Evaluation of Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche Cumana) Germplasm by KASP Assay." Helia 41, no. 68 (July 26, 2018): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2017-0016.

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AbstractOrobanche cumana Wallr. is a holoparasitic plant for only sunflower, hence it is called as sunflower broomrape. Yield loss created by O. cumana which is generally 50 % can reach to 100 %. In this study, it was planned to perform molecular characterization of O. cumana germplasm as nine locations of Thrace region obtained from Trakya Agricultural Research Institute by using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers, widely used in plant breeding programs, in Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assay which is a fluorescent tagged allele specific PCR method based, economic, reliable and easily repeatable genotyping technology. Databases and literature were scanned to spot variations on O. cumana genome which is not known clearly. So far, four SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) marker (Ocum-197, Ocum-006, Ocum-023 and Ocum-151) regions showing polymorphic pattern were used for searching possible SNPs. Primer pairs were designed for amplification of the regions possibly having SNPs and PCR amplifications with these primer pairs were performed and 1 candidate deletion was detected on the amplicon which was amplified by Ocum-197 SSR marker. Following, the deletion was converted to KASP primers and KASP assay was performed. The deletion marker, Del-197, has grouped the samples from nine locations in the resulting allelic discrimination plot and infestation was performed according to this grouping, As a conclusion, Del-197 is considered as a selective marker for the ability to rapidly assay allelic variation at DNA markers for O. cumana populations that have effects on infestation results were evaluated as races, F, G, H and I in Thrace region.

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Soriano, Gabriele, Antonietta Siciliano, Mónica Fernández-Aparicio, Antonio Cala Peralta, Marco Masi, Antonio Moreno-Robles, Marco Guida, and Alessio Cimmino. "Iridoid Glycosides Isolated from Bellardia trixago Identified as Inhibitors of Orobanche cumana Radicle Growth." Toxins 14, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080559.

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Orobanche cumana is an obligate holoparasitic plant with noxious effects in sunflower crops. Bellardia trixago is a facultative hemiparasitic plant that infects ruderal plants without noxious significance in agriculture and is known to produce a wide spectrum of bioactive metabolites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effects of B. trixago on the growth of O. cumana seedlings. Three different extracts using solvents of increasing polarity (n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) were prepared from the flowers, aerial green organs and roots of two populations, a white-flowered and a yellow-flowered population of B. trixago, both collected in southern Spain. Each extract was studied using allelopathic screenings on O. cumana which resulted in the identification of allelopathic activity of the ethyl acetate extracts against Orobanche radicles. Five iridoid glycosides were isolated together with benzoic acid from the ethyl acetate extract of aerial green organs by bio-guided purification. These compounds were identified as bartsioside, melampyroside, mussaenoside, gardoside methyl ester and aucubin. Among them, melampyroside was found to be the most abundant constituent in the extract (44.3% w/w), as well as the most phytotoxic iridoid on O. cumana radicle, showing a 72.6% inhibition of radicle growth. This activity of melampyroside was significantly high when compared with the inhibitory activity of benzoic acid (25.9%), a phenolic acid with known allelopathic activity against weeds. The ecotoxicological profile of melampyroside was evaluated using organisms representing different trophic levels of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, namely producers (green freshwater algae Raphidocelis subcapitata and macrophyte Lepidium sativum), consumers (water flea Daphnia magna and nematode Caenorhabditis elegans) and decomposers (bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri). The ecotoxicity of melampyroside differed significantly depending on the test organism showing the highest toxicity to daphnia, nematodes and bacteria, and a lower toxicity to algae and macrophytes. The findings of the present study may provide useful information for the generation of green alternatives to synthetic herbicides for the control of O. cumana.

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Krupp, Anna, Erika Rücker, Annerose Heller, and Otmar Spring. "Seed Structure Characteristics of Orobanche cumana Populations." Helia 38, no. 62 (July 1, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2014-0034.

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AbstractSunflower broomrape Orobanche cumana Wallr. is a rapidly growing threat to the oil crop production in many countries. Fast adaptation to new environments and increasing host resistance suggests that phenotypically distinctive populations of the weed may have evolved. The classification of the species and the differentiation of such populations on the base of seed micromorphological characters were attempted. Morphometric measurements allowed the distinction of O. cumana from several other Orobanche and Phelipanche species. An irregularly thickened cell wall of the anticlinal testa cells differentiated O. cumana and O. cernua from O. caryophyllacea, O. crenata, O. minor, P. aegyptiaca, P. arenaria and P. ramosa. However, populations of sunflower broomrape from five European countries and China could not be separated from each other on the base of micromorphological seed characters. In contrast, length to width measurements indicated that the Asian samples had a slightly different seed shape which was less elongated than the European samples. However, this seemingly geographic effect may as well be a consequence of sampling which comprised a higher rate of the so-called modern races E-H in the European samples.

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Nikolova, Liudmila, Pepa Shindrova, and Valentina Entcheva. "RESISTANCE TO DISEASES, OBTAINED THROUGH INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION / RESISTENCIA A LAS ENFERMEDADES OBTENIDA POR LA HIBRIDIZACION INTERSPECIES / RÉSISTANCE À LA MALADIE OBTENUE PAR HYBRIDATION INTERSPECIES." helia 23, no. 33 (December 2000): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia.2000.23.33.57.

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SUMMARY Two accessions of the wild species Helianthus annuus L., GT-E-112 and GT-E-126, carried genes for resistance to Plasmopara helianthi Novot., Phomopsis helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al. and Orobanche cumana Wallr. The material produced by interspecific hybridization with susceptible cultivated sunflower showed resistance to the three pathogens. Some progenies were resistant to two pathogens simultaneously. Self pollination helped to increase the percentage of resistance up to 100%. Accessions GT-E-112 and GT-E-126 of the wild species Helianthus annuus could be successfully used as donors for resistance to Plasmopara helianthi, Phomopsis helianthi and Orobanche cumana.

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Тишакова, Ю. Р., and В. М. Тызун. "Селекция подсолнечника на устойчивость к новым расам заразихе." ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 103, no. 6 (2023): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/trnio-11-2023-332.

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Plakhine, D., and D. M. Joel. "Ecophysiological consideration of Orobanche cumana germination." Helia 33, no. 52 (2010): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hel1052013p.

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Sauerborn, J., H. Buschmann, K. Ghiasvand Ghiasi, and K. H. Kogel. "Benzothiadiazole Activates Resistance in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) to the Root-Parasitic Weed Orobanche cuman." Phytopathology® 92, no. 1 (January 2002): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.1.59.

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The study was conducted to evaluate the potential of induced resistance to infestation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by the parasitic weed Orobanche cumana Wallr. Treatment of sunflower seeds with 40 ppm of benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) for 36 h completely prevented infection in root chambers. In pot studies using 2.86 × 10-4 g of Orobanche seeds per gram of soil as inoculum, the total number of O. cumana shoots was reduced by 84 and 95% in the 60-ppm BTH treatment in the first and second trial, respectively. Evaluation of the disease incidences revealed that attachment of O. cumana at the sunflower root and the stage of early penetration was reduced in the BTH-treated plants. Chemical analysis of root extracts revealed synthesis of the phytoalexin scopoletin and of hydrogen peroxide in the BTH-treated sunflower roots, but no increase in lignification. Western blot analysis demonstrated accumulation of the pathogenesis-related protein chitinase in roots and stems of induced resistant plants. These results show that the phenomenon of induced resistance is not restricted to viral, bacterial, and fungal disease and demonstrate the great potential of this protection strategy as an effective component of future plant production systems.

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Duca, Maria, Ina Bivol, Ana Mutu, Steliana Clapco, and Chao Wang. "Variability of some broomrape populations from China. Genotyping and determination of genetic polymorphism (II)." Akademos, no. 2(61) (September 2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52673/18570461.21.2-61.04.

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Genetic diversity within a population is reflected by variations in genetic material among individuals and can manifest at the phenotypic level through new characters or traits. The emergence of a large number of O. cumana races in a short period of time demonstrates that there are higher genetic variability in populations and a high ability to adapt in the face of environmental conditions. The aim of the research presented in this article was to study the intraand interpopulation genetic diversity and genetic relationships between individuals of three populations of O. cumana from different geographical regions of the People’s Republic of China based on molecular markers (ISSR and SSR). The high intrapopulation genetic variability calculated on the basis of the allelic diversity parameters and specific genetic diversity coefficients was revealed by SSR markers while as for the ISSR primers a high degree of genetic variations was found at the interpopulation level. UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis performed according to both sets of molecular markers allowed to devide all genotypes into 5 major groups for the degree of dissimilarity and level of aggression. This study is of interest in understanding the population genetic structure of the parasitic species of O. cumana from China and could contribute to the development of pathogen control durable strategies and effective sunflower breeding programs to broomrape resistance.

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Clapco, Steliana. "Racial diversity of broomrape (orobanche cumana Wallr.) in the world." Akademos, no. 3(62) (January 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52673/18570461.21.3-62.03.

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Orobanche cumana Wallr. – a root parasitic weed that causes immense damage to sunflower crop, is a polymorphic species characterized by the existence of a series of biotypes, called physiological races, which differ depending on their ability to parasitize a certain genotype of host plant. The co-evolution host-parasite, as a result of specific gene-for-gene interactions, and the pressure on the broomrape by the continuous introduction of resistant sunflower hybrids favors the periodic emergence of new races of the parasite, which overcome existing resistance genes. This paper gives an overview on the chronology of the evolution of broomrape races in different countries of the world and presents some current analyses on the racial status of O. cumana in a number of sunflower-growing countries, such as China, Turkey, Bulgaria, Serbia, Spain, Ukraine and Romania.

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Хаблак, Сергій Григорович, and Валентин Миколайович Спичак. "ОROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR. У ПОСІВАХ HELIАNTHUS ANNUUS." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology 54, no. 4 (December 27, 2023): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/agrobio.2023.4.9.

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Дослідження спрямовані на пошук та розробку ефективних технологій захисту соняшнику від агресивного квіткового паразита Оrobanche cumana Wallr. Із північного Степу України ураження вовчком активно переміщується до центральних, північних і західних регіонів країни. Метою досліджень було встановлення расового складу популяції вовчка соняшникового в Лісостепу і Поліссі. Об'єктом для досліджень у вегетаційному досліді було насіння вовчка. Зразки насіння паразита були зібрані на окремих, найбільш заражених полях соняшнику в Лісостепу і Поліссі. Для ідентифікації рас вовчка використовували гібриди соняшнику P63LL06, P64LC108 (XF 6003), P64LL125 (XF 13406), P63LE113 (XF 9026), P64HH106 (XF 13707), PR 64F66, P64LE25 (SX 9004), P64LE99 (XF 9002). Оцінку на стійкість гібридів соняшнику до вовчка проводили у ґрунтовій культурі за модифікованою методикою та рулонним методом пророщування насіння. Вивчено расовий склад вовчка на посівах соняшнику в умовах Лісостепу та Полісся України. Проведено диференціацію вирощуваних гібридів соняшнику за стійкістю до паразита. Гібрид соняшнику P63LL06, толерантний до раси Е, сильно уражався вовчком. У середньому налічувалося 12 бульбочок паразита на одну рослину соняшнику. Слабкою мірою вовчком уражувалися гібриди соняшнику P64LC108 (XF 6003), P64HH106 (XF 13707), PR 64F66, резистентні до раси G. У середньому на одну рослину соняшнику припадало 2–3 бульбочки паразита. Середньою мірою вовчком інфікувалися гібриди P64LL125 (XF 13406), P63LE113 (XF 9026), P64LE25 (SX 9004), стійкі до раси Е+система 2. У середньому нараховувалося 4-6 бульбочок паразита на одну рослину соняшнику. Гібридів соняшнику, що володіють повним імунітетом до вовчка, не було виявлено. Встановлено, що популяція вовчка, що паразитує на полях соняшнику, має високий ступінь вірулентності, що долає імунітет найкращих гібридів іноземної селекції, стійких до E, F і G рас цього паразита. Поява нових дуже агресивних рас вовчка (Е, F, G і H) в умовах Лісостепу та Полісся свідчить про важливу необхідність розв'язання задачі зі створення селекційного матеріалу, стійкого до нових рас цієї рослини-паразита, вивчення клітинних і молекулярних механізмів стійкості соняшнику до патогена. На підставі проведених досліджень сформовані причини, що спричинили сильне поширення вовчка на полях у центральних, північних і західних регіонах країни. Розглянуто деякі деталі виникнення клітинних і молекулярних механізмів стійкості соняшнику до вовчка.

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Fernández-Aparicio, Mónica, Alessio Cimmino, Gabriele Soriano, Marco Masi, Susana Vilariño, and Antonio Evidente. "Assessment of weed root extracts for allelopathic activity against Orobanche and Phelipanche species." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12917.

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Broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche species) are holoparasitic weeds that infect roots of crop hosts from Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae. The parasitic weeds are difficult to control selectively without crop damage once attached to their roots. Identification of natural compounds with herbicidal activity against pre-attached broomrape stages can provide control alternatives. With the aim to identify plant species with efficacy for broomrape control, organic and residual aqueous phase extracts from roots of seventeen weed species common in south Spanish broomrape-infested fields were assessed as potential inducers of suicidal broomrape germination and as inhibitors of broomrape radicle growth. Assessments were carried out in vitro using seeds and seedlings of four noxious broomrape species, Orobanche crenata Forsk., Orobanche cumana Wallr., Orobanche minor Sm. and Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel. While root extracts from all the weed species did not induce suicidal germination on O. crenata seeds, most of the extracts induced germination of P. ramosa except for those obtained from Amaranthus albus L., Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. Moderate levels of germination activity were induced in O. cumana and O. minor seeds by some of the root extracts tested, with strongest induction obtained from Heliotropium europaeum L. on O. cumana seeds, and from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. on O. minor seeds. For root extract inhibition of broomrape radicles, the extract from C. arvensis roots strongly inhibited radicles of all the broomrape species. While extracts from the other weed species induced low or negligible inhibition of O. cumana and O. crenata radicle growth, many inhibited P. ramosa and O. minor radicles. Exceptions were root extracts from Datura stramonium L., Heliotropium europaeum L., Malva sylvestris L., Solanum nigrum L. and Urtica dioica L., which did not inhibit P. ramosa radicles, and those from A. retroflexus, Datura stramonium L., Malva sylvestris L., Portulaca oleracea L. and S. nigrum, which did not inhibit O. minor radicles. Among the active organic extracts assessed, those showing promising chemical profiles were selected for future studies to characterize natural compounds with potential herbicidal activity on early stages of broomrape growth.

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Molinero-Ruiz, Leire, Philippe Delavault, Begoña Pérez-Vich, Maria Pacureanu-Joita, Mariano Bulos, Emiliano Altieri, and Juan Domínguez. "History of the race structure of Orobanche cumana and the breeding of sunflower for resistance to this parasitic weed: A review." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 4 (December 2, 2015): e10R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2015134-8080.

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Broomrape, caused by Orobanche cumana, has affected sunflowers since the early 20th century in Eastern Europe. Currently, it limits sunflower oil production in Southern and Eastern Europe and in some areas of Asia, causing around 50% seed losses when susceptible hybrids are grown. Covered in this review are aspects such as: biological processes that are common to Orobanche spp. and/or particular to O. cumana in sunflower, genetic resistance and its mechanisms, races of the parasite identified in different countries throughout the time and their increasing virulence, and breeding for resistance to some herbicides as a novel control option. The main purpose is to present an updated and, as far as possible, complete picture of the way both the parasitic weed and its host crop have evolved in time, and how they co-exist in the current agriculture. Additionally, we propose a system for determining the races of the parasite that can be internationally adopted from now. In the context of minimal harmful effects on the environment, changing patterns of land use in farming systems, and global environment changes, the final goal of this work is to provide all those interested in parasites from field crops and their integrated management compiled information on the sunflower – O. cumana system as a case study.

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Duca, Maria, Maria Joiţa-Păcureanu, Angela Port, Rodica Martea, Adriana Boicu, Luxița Rîșnoveanu, and Steliana Clapco. "Genetic Diversity Analysis of Sunflower Broomrape Populations from Republic of Moldova Using ISSR Markers." Romanian Agricultural Research 37 (2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.59665/rar3712.

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The holoparasitic Orobanche cumana Wallr. has become a limiting factor for sunflower yield in Eastern Europe. Better knowledge of broomrape biology, including genetic diversity, is important in any attempt to develop resistance-breeding programs. There is little information available on the diversity of broomrape in the Republic of Moldova. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interpopulation variability of the Orobanche cumana Wallr. using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. Data from the present study revealed that ISSR marker system could be used for estimating genetic diversity, since it had high percent polymorphism. All of the genetic parameters indicated that the populations from Center are genetically different from those collected in the South and North regions of the Republic of Moldova. The results of genetic polymorphism showed that the application of 14 ISSR markers made it possible to group the studied 39 broomrape populations into different clusters. The association with geographic origin was established.

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Shrestha, Krishna P., and Iray Fornerino. "Hair mercury content among residents of Cumana, Venezuela." Science of The Total Environment 63 (May 1987): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90037-4.

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Rodriguez-Ojeda, M. I., J. M. Fernandez-Martinez, L. Velasco, and B. Perez-Vich. "Extent of cross-fertilization in Orobanche cumana Wallr." Biologia plantarum 57, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-012-0301-1.

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Antonova, T. S., N. M. Araslanova, M. V. Iwebor, and S. V. Saukova. "To the morphophysiological co-evolution of the broomrape (Orobanche cumana) and sunflower." Oil Crops 4, no. 192 (December 25, 2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2022-4-192-12-19.

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The accelerated morphofunctional variability of Orobanche cumana, a flowering parasitic plant of the family Orobanchaceae, can be traced to the influence of anthropogenic factors. This broomrape species is an obligate parasite of sunflower. Continuous breeding of the crop for immunity to broomrape has been conducted in the Russian Federation for more than 100 years. In the last 30 years, the accelerated return of sunflower in crop rotation to the previous field in 1-3 years (instead of the scientifically justified 8–10 years) resulted in the rapid emergence of new races of broomrape and contamination of fields with its seeds, which provided intense competition between individuals for the nutrition received from the host plant. Under these conditions, interrow cultivation in sunflower sowings infested by the broomrape contributed to permanent injury of developing stems of many individuals of the parasite, which led to the removal of apical dominance of one shoot in some species of the broomrape. There have appeared the bushy forms with equal development of many shoots from a tubercle, which were detected for the first time by us. Strengthening of the haustorial part of the parasitic plant, externally manifested as thickening of the host plant root under the tubercle, was required for feeding the multiple shoots. Such thickening is not a defensive reaction of the host plant but is caused by changes in the haustorial area of the parasite and is observed when sunflower roots are affected by species of the race G of O. cumana that became widely spread and dominant during the last decade. Thus, in the co-evolution of the parasitic plant and its host, we first discovered bushy forms of O. cumana and their characteristic change in the haustorial zone, which is externally manifested by the visible thickening of the sunflower root in this area.

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Tzvelev, N. "On the genus Orobanche L. sensu lato (Orobanchaceae) in Russia." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 46 (2015): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2015.46.189.

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The synopsis of species of the genera Orobanche L. and Phelipanche Pomel in Russia, and key for their determination are presented. Phelipanche comprises 13 species, and Orobanche s. str. — 41 species in Russia. A new variety O. cumana var. helianthi Tzvelev is described and a new combination O. callieri (Tzvelev) Tzvelev is made.

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Shi, B. X., G. H. Chen, Z. J. Zhang, J. J. Hao, L. Jing, H. Y. Zhou, and J. Zhao. "First Report of Race Composition and Distribution of Sunflower Broomrape, Orobanche cumana, in China." Plant Disease 99, no. 2 (February 2015): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-14-0721-pdn.

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Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is a holoparasitic plant that penetrates the vascular system of sunflower roots, absorbs plant nutrients and water, and thus causes stunting, reduced growth, and severe yield losses (3). To date, seven races of sunflower broomrape (O. cumana) have been identified by using international standard race differential hosts in Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Turkey, and Russia (4). However, the race types present in China are unknown. To identify the race composition of sunflower broomrape in China, race differential hosts of sunflower broomrape were received from Dr. Dragan Skoric (Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi Sad, Serbia): Line AD66 has no resistant genes; Kruglik-41 contains resistant gene Or1; B-RO-02A has Or2; Record has Or3; LC1002B has Or4; LC1003B has Or5; LC-1093 has Or6, and Race-G-2 has Or7 (1). Eighteen sunflower broomrape samples were collected in August of 2011, 2012, and 2013 from different provinces/locations in China, including Xinjiang (Xinyuan, Shihezi, Tekesi, Beitun, Urumqi, and Yining), Inner Mongolia (Linhe, Xixiaozhao, Wuqianqi, Tuzuoqi, Keyouqianqi, and Aohanqi), Shanxi (Hunyuan, Shilou, Mizhi, and Dingbian), Jilin (Tongyu), and Hebei (Xuanhua). The differential hosts were each inoculated with the seeds of each broomrape isolate that was recovered, as described by Pancenko with minor modification (2). Briefly, two parts of field soil and one part of vermiculite were mixed together and used as potting mix. The mix was inoculated with broomrape seeds at 10 mg of seeds per 100 g of potting mix. The inoculated mix was placed in a 7-cm (diameter) × 11-cm (height) plastic pot to fill two-thirds of the pot volume. Three sunflower seeds were placed on the surface of the mix at an even distance from each other and covered with additional mix. The pots were kept in a greenhouse under a 16-h photoperiod at 10,000 lux of illumination intensity, temperature of 20–25°C, and 40% relative humidity. Forty days after incubation, sunflower seedlings were taken out from the pot and the roots washed with tap water. The number of tubercles was recorded on the root of each differential host. Race types were determined based on the reaction (tubercule formation on roots) of all the standard differential hosts to the test isolate. The results showed that races A, D, E, and G of O. cumana were present among the isolates. Race G was found in Wuqianqi, Xixiaozhao, and Linhe in the western part of Inner Mongolia. Race E was found only in Shihezi of Xinjiang. Race D was found in Aohanqi and Keyouqianqi (eastern part of Inner Mongolia); Xinyuan, Tekesi, Beitun, and Urumqi (northern part of Xinjiang); and Tongyu (northern part of Jilin). Race A was found in Mizhi, Shilou, and Hunyuan of Shanxi province and Xuanhua in Hebei province. Additionally, race A was also found in Tuzuoqi, the middle region of Inner Mongolia. Thus, races A, D, E, and G were the main race types of O. cumana in China. Race D was the predominant race type and had the widest distribution. Race G was the highest level race type in this study but was mainly limited to the western part of Inner Mongolia. This is the first report of race composition and distribution of sunflower broomrape (O. cumana) in China. References: (1) Y. Kaya et al. Helia 40:211, 2004. (2) A. N. Pancenko, Zbirnik VNIIMK. Page 107, 1973. (3) C. Parker. Page 17 in: Proc. 3rd Int. Workshop on Orobanche and Related Striga Research, 1994. (4) P. Shindrova et al. Helia 35:87, 2012.

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Yamalov, Sergey Maratovich, Gulnaz Rimovna Khasanova, Maria Vladimirovna Lebedeva, and Vladimir Vladimirovich Korchev. "New segetal communities of sunflower crops in the Orenburg Region." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021102119.

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The diversity of weed-field communities of sunflower crops within the forest-steppe zone of the Orenburg Region (Abdulinskiy, Matveevskiy, Oktyabrskiy, Aleksandrovskiy, Sharlykskiy districts) was studied. The communities in the system of ecological-floristic classification units are assigned to the new variant Orobanche cumana of the Amarantho blitoides - Lactucetum tataricae Khasanova et al. 2019. In the core of the cenoflora of communities juvenile weed species prevail. The most active of them are late spring annuals ( Amaranthus blitoides , Panicum miliaceum , Amaranthus retroflexus , Setaria viridis ) and early spring annuals ( Chenopodium album , Fallopia convolvulus , Camelina microcarpa ). Root perennials such as Lactuca tatarica , Convolvulus arvensis , Euphorbia virgata , Cirsium arvense have also a high proportion. A distinctive feature of the communities is the participation in their floristic composition of a dangerous quarantine species - Sunflower broomrape ( Orobanche cumana ). Modeling the area of the association under a moderate scenario of climate change shows that the distribution of communities by 2050 can cover almost the entire territory of the Cis-Urals (within the Republic of Bashkortostan). It is necessary to organize a monitoring system for the range of these communities in the Southern Urals.

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Peralta, Antonio Cala, Gabriele Soriano, Jesús G. Zorrilla, Marco Masi, Alessio Cimmino, and Mónica Fernández-Aparicio. "Characterization of Conyza bonariensis Allelochemicals against Broomrape Weeds." Molecules 27, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 7421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217421.

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The study of allelopathic activity of plants and the isolation and characterization of the responsible allelochemicals can lead to the development of environment friendly alternative approaches to weed control. Conyza species are invasive weeds that use allelopathic activity as part of a successful strategy to outcompete neighboring plants. Broomrape weeds are parasitic plants that use host-induced germination and the formation of a haustorium as strategies to infect host plants. The control of broomrape infection in most affected crops is limited or non-existing. In the current study, we investigated the allelopathic activity of Conyza bonariensis organic extracts in suicidal germination and radicle growth of four broomrape species (Orobanche crenata, Orobanche cumana, Orobanche minor and Phelipanche ramosa). A bioactivity-driven fractionation of Conyza bonariensis extracts led to the identification of two germination-inducing molecules and two growth-inhibitory compounds. The germination-inducing metabolites had species-specific activity being hispidulin active on seeds of O. cumana and methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate active in P. ramosa. The growth-inhibitory metabolites (4Z)-lachnophyllum lactone and (4Z,8Z)-matricaria lactone strongly inhibited the radicle growth of all parasitic weed species studied. Some structure–activity relationships were found as result of the study herein presented.

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DÍAZ-SANCHEZ, JORGE, MONTSERRAT JURADO-EXPÓSITO, FRANCISCA LÓPEZ-GRANADOS, MERCEDES CASTEJÓN-MUÑOZ, and LUIS GARCÍA-TORRES. "Pronamide Applied to Sunflower Seeds for Orobanche cumana Control1." Weed Technology 17, no. 2 (April 2003): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0890-037x(2003)017[0314:patssf]2.0.co;2.

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Dedic, B., N. Lacok, S. Tancic, N. Dusanic, and S. Jocic. "Current status of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Serbia." Helia 32, no. 51 (2009): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hel0951135d.

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RODRÍGUEZ-OJEDA, M. I., L. VELASCO, L. C. ALONSO, J. FERNÁNDEZ-ESCOBAR, and B. PÉREZ-VICH. "Inheritance of the unpigmented plant trait in Orobanche cumana." Weed Research 51, no. 2 (October 19, 2010): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00830.x.

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de Luque, Alejandro Pérez, Juan Carlos G. Galindo, Francisco A. Macı́as, and Jesús Jorrı́n. "Sunflower sesquiterpene lactone models induce Orobanche cumana seed germination." Phytochemistry 53, no. 1 (January 2000): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00485-9.

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34

González-Cantón, E., A. Velasco, L. Velasco, B. Pérez-Vich, and A. Martín-Sanz. "First Report of Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) in Portugal." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (August 2019): 2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1723-pdn.

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35

Zhumangaliyev, Meirambek K., and Szabolcs Polgár. "Cumans in the Hungarian Domestic Policy in the Second Half of the 13th Century." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 69, no. 1 (2024): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.107.

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The article explores a range of issues related to the role of the Cuman population in the life of Hungarian society in the second half of the 13th century. Political crises arose against the background of the struggle between contenders for the throne. Gradually, special vassal-lord relationships were formed. Land allotments were granted to the feudal lords not in exchange for service but on account of their past services to the king. As wealth grew, so did the ambitions of the Hungarian barons. Bela IV planned to use the Cumans, who had resettled in the middle of the 13th century, in the fight against the local magnates. Gradually, the role of nomads in the royal court increased. The Cumans had become one of the key players in the domestic political arena of the country. During the civil war between Bela IV and Prince Istvan, the Cumans supported the king at the beginning of the conflict. During the reign of Laszlo IV, the Cuman aristocracy gained an advantage in terms of influence over the king. The king favored the Cumans, who also comprised his bodyguards. Local magnates, with the support of the papal legate in 1279, achieved the adoption of a law on the Cumans, which radically changed the way of life of the nomads. Because of this, the Cumans rebelled, and the king lost their traditional support. Later, representatives of the Cuman nobility became the main participants in the murder of Laszlo IV.

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ALY, RADI, YAAKOV GOLDWASSER, HANAN EIZENBERG, JOSEPH HERSHENHORN, SHMUEL GOLAN, and YESHAIAHU KLEIFELD. "Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) Control in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with Imazapic1." Weed Technology 15, no. 2 (April 2001): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0890-037x(2001)015[0306:boccis]2.0.co;2.

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Nabloussi, A., L. Velasco, and N. Assissel. "First Report of Sunflower Broomrape, Orobanche cumana Wallr., in Morocco." Plant Disease 102, no. 2 (February 2018): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-17-0858-pdn.

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38

Shindrova, P. "Broomrape (orobanche cumana wallr) in Bulgaria -distribution and race composition." Helia 29, no. 44 (2006): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hel0644111s.

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Labrousse, P., D. Delmail, M. C. Arnaud, and P. Thalouarn. "Mineral nutrient concentration influences sunflower infection by broomrape (Orobanche cumana)." Botany 88, no. 9 (September 2010): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b10-057.

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Orobanche cumana Wallr., a root parasitic angiosperm, causes severe yield losses in Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) in Europe. Until now, the only effective method of controlling this parasite has been the use of resistant sunflower genotypes. Broomrape resistance is, however, poorly understood even though previous studies have revealed several defence mechanisms. The study of a susceptible (2603) and a resistant (LR1) sunflower genotype in hydroponic co-culture showed that the degree of infection by broomrape is influenced by the concentration of nutrients in the growth medium. For the susceptible genotype, an increase in broomrape necrosis was observed when the nutrient concentration was increased. In the resistant genotype LR1, the rate of infection was reduced by increasing the concentration of mineral nutrients, measured as a decrease in broomrape attachments and a lack of underground stem development. When sunflowers were cultivated in full-strength medium, these findings correlated with a lower 14C incorporation in broomrape and a change in carbon allocation to host plant organs with a reinforced “shoot apex sink strength”. Results demonstrated that in controlled conditions, the nutrient concentration directly affects sunflower resistance potential towards broomrape.

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An, Yu, Yongqing Ma, Junfeng Shui, and Wenjin Zhong. "Switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) has ability to induce germination ofOrobanche cumana." Journal of Plant Interactions 10, no. 1 (January 2015): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17429145.2015.1039614.

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Duriez, Pauline, Sonia Vautrin, Marie-Christine Auriac, Julia Bazerque, Marie-Claude Boniface, Caroline Callot, Sébastien Carrère, et al. "A receptor-like kinase enhances sunflower resistance to Orobanche cumana." Nature Plants 5, no. 12 (December 2019): 1211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-019-0556-z.

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Letousey, P., A. De Zélicourt, C. Vieira Dos Santos, S. Thoiron, F. Monteau, P. Simier, P. Thalouarn, and P. Delavault. "Molecular analysis of resistance mechanisms to Orobanche cumana in sunflower." Plant Pathology 56, no. 3 (March 29, 2007): 536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01575.x.

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Delavault, Philippe, and Patrick Thalouarn. "The obligate root parasite Orobanche cumana exhibits several rbcL sequences." Gene 297, no. 1-2 (September 2002): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00868-5.

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Li, Juanjuan, Chong Yang, Hui Liu, Mengting Cao, Guijun Yan, Ping Si, Weijun Zhou, and Ling Xu. "5-aminolevolinic acid enhances sunflower resistance to Orobanche cumana (Broomrape)." Industrial Crops and Products 140 (November 2019): 111467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111467.

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WINKLER, AMANDA EUBANKS. "Enthusiasm and Its Discontents: Religion, Prophecy, and Madness in the Music for Sophonisba and The Island Princess." Journal of Musicology 23, no. 2 (2006): 307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2006.23.2.307.

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ABSTRACT Enthusiasm, a state in which the soul is supposedly freed from the body and the human vessel is filled with the divine, troubled the religious mainstream in 17th-century England. During the English Civil War, radical Protestant sects used enthusiastic prophecy to justify rebellion against monarchical tyranny. Such practices drew fire from members of the Church of England who vilified the prophets' ““religious enthusiasm”” by associating it with madness and melancholy. This strategy pathologized enthusiasm, transforming it into a mental disorder. Anti-enthusiastic discourses shaped musical and dramatic practices on the Restoration stage, as witnessed in two songs for enthusiastic prophets, Cumana in Nathaniel Lee's Sophonisba (music by Henry Purcell for a 1690s revival) and the elderly Brahmin priest in Peter Motteux's revision of The Island Princess (music by Richard Leveridge, 1699). Purcell's song for Cumana, ““Beneath a Poplar's Shadow,”” incorporates the standard conventions of musical madness and is even called a ““mad song”” in Orpheus Britannicus, Book Two (1702). Similarly, the Brahmin priest channels the speech of the false pagan gods in Leveridge's ““Enthusiastick Song””——a piece that parallels contemporary political discourses about the ““madness”” of religious nonconformity and fanaticism. A close reading of the music, dramatic texts, and contemporary political, religious, and medical discourses demonstrates how musical representations of enthusiasm were affected by the critical rhetoric of religious orthodoxy.

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De Stefano, Rita, Leopoldo Repola, Luigi Guerriero, Domenico Iovane, Vincenzo Morra, Fabio Pagano, and Diego Di Martire. "Rockfall Threatening Cumae Archeological Site Fruition (Phlegraean Fields Park—Naples)." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031390.

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Natural hazards threaten many archaeological sites in the world; therefore, susceptibility analysis is essential to reduce their impacts and support site fruition by visitors. In this paper, rockfall susceptibility analysis of the western slope of the Cumae Mount in the Cumae Archaeological Site (Phlegraean Fields, Naples), already affected by rockfall events, is described as support to a management plan for fruition and site conservation. Being the first Greek settlement in southern Italy, the site has great historical importance and offers unique historical elements such as the Cumaean Sibyl’s Cave. The analysis began with a 3D modeling of the slope through digital terrestrial photogrammetry, which forms a basis for a geomechanical analysis. Digital discontinuity measurements and cluster analysis provide data for kinematic analysis, which pointed out the planar, wedge and toppling failure potential. Subsequently, a propagation-based susceptibility analysis was completed into a GIS environment: it shows that most of the western sector of the site is susceptible to rockfall, including the access course, a segment of the Cumana Railroad and its local station. The work highlights the need for specific mitigation measures to increase visitor safety and the efficacy of filed-based digital reconstruction to support susceptibility analysis in rockfall prone areas.

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Delgado-Blas, Jose F., Cristina M. Ovejero, Lorena Abadia-Patiño, and Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn. "Coexistence ofmcr-1andblaNDM-1in Escherichia coli from Venezuela." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 10 (July 18, 2016): 6356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01319-16.

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ABSTRACTWe studied the presence of the mobile colistin resistance genemcr-1in human, animal, and environmentalEnterobacteriaceaesamples from Cumana, Venezuela, that were collected in 2015. Themcr-1gene was detected in 2/93Escherichia coliisolates from swine (novel ST452) and human (ST19) samples that were resistant to colistin. Whole-genome sequencing and transformation experiments identifiedmcr-1on an IncI2 plasmid. One of the isolates also bore the widely spread carbapenemase NDM-1. A One Health approach is necessary to further elucidate the flux of these high-risk genes.

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Venkov, Ventsislav, and Pepa Shindrova. "DURABLE RESISTANCE TO BROOMRAPE (Orobanche cumana Wallr. / Orobanche cernua Loefl.) IN SUNFLOWER / RESISTENCIA CONSTANTE A LA OROBANCA (Orobanche cumana Wallr./Orobanche cernua Loefl.) EN EL GIRASOL / RÉSISTANCE DURABLE À L’OROBANCHE (Orobanche cumana Wallr./Orobanche cernua Loefl.) CHEZ LE TOURNESOL." helia 23, no. 33 (December 2000): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia.2000.23.33.39.

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SUMMARY Six cultivars and one hybrid were evaluated for resistance to broomrape in the period 1988-1999. It was found that the resistance varied in the range from 0 to 100%. The evaluation was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Infestations were induced by mixed broomrape populations collected from different regions in Bulgaria. Different lines obtained from three cultivars, Progress, Oktjabr (Russia) and Vega (Bulgaria), and the hybrid Sorem 80 (Romania) showed stable resistance (80-100%) after ten years of evaluation, in spite of the occurrence and distribution of new races (D+E) of the parasite in Bulgaria.

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Manole, Dumitru, Vasile Jinga, Ana Maria Giumba, Roxana Dudoiu, and Stelica Cristea. "Researches Regarding New and Improved Technologies for Sunflower and Sorghum Crops in the Context of Climate Changes in Dobrogea Region." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0012.

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Abstract At Sport Agra in Amzacea, in the last few years there have been experimented new sunflower and sorghum crop technologies designed to face the current climate changes. These technologies for the intended crops include the following elements: changing the sowing epoch with one month before the usual period recommended by classical technologies; application of herbicides in order to control both weeds and Orobanche cumana Wallr. parasite in plots cultivated with various hybrids from Syngenta and Limagrain companies; application of last generation fungicides during the vegetation period, which will reduce the attack of the main crop pathogens; screening of hybrids with good behavior towards the main pest agent of area - Orobanche cumana parasite, which cause important yield losses in the south east past of Romania. There were tested 8 hybrids from Syngenta Company, 6 hybrids from Limagrain and 4 hybrids from NARDI Fundulea. The yields obtained for most of the hybrids were over 4 t/ha. For sorghum crop, there were performed various experiments such as: changing the sowing period - beginning of April in order to benefit from the soil’s humidity at 4-5 cm depth boosting the germination process; choosing early hybrids in order to avoid the drought season which starts in June; applying adequate crop protection treatments, with pre-emergent and postemergent herbicides and last generation insecticides. The obtained production from sorghum crop were over 10 t/ha for most of the varieties tested.

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Duca, Maria, Steliana Clapco, Maria Nedealcov, and Lidia Dencicov. "Influence of environmental conditions on the virulence and distribution of Orobanche cumana Wallr. in the Republic of Moldova." OCL 26 (September 28, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2018049.

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The parasitic angiosperm Orobanche cumana is present in the main sunflower-producing countries around the world. In recent years, more aggressive races of broomrape have evolved and the parasite has rapidly spread to new areas. A similar trend has been observed in the Republic of Moldova. At the beginning of 1950s, broomrape was detected in Moldova, especially in the southern areas. Currently, all the known races of Orobanche are present in the country and the parasite has expanded considerably on new areas in the center and north. Based on these results and the data reported by other authors, related to influence of climate change on the phytosanitary situation, we studied the interdependence between the climate and the distribution of Orobanche cumana Wallr. over different parts of the Republic of Moldova. Prevalence of broomrape infection mainly in the southern and central part of the Republic of Moldova and its sporadic presence in the northern part can be influenced, not only by short rotations, type of sunflower hybrids grown and soil parameters, but also by the weather conditions such as higher temperatures and lower humidity in the south and center. Based on multiannual data and trends observed in recent years, characterized by an increase in temperature and decrease of relative humidity, we conclude that climate change will create favorable conditions for infecting sunflower plants in all the areas where sunflowers are grown, including the expansion of broomrape to the north of Moldova.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cumana'

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