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Anganoy-Criollo, Marvin, and Juan P. Ramírez. "New records of Pristimantis carranguerorum (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia." Check List 13, no. 3 (June 11, 2017): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/13.3.2138.
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Pristimantis carranguerorum (Lynch, 1994) is a poorly-known species of frog, endemic to the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, which is known only from a few localities in the Boyacá and Casanare departments. Herein, we provide the first records of this species from Cundinamarca Department; these are the southernmost and highest altitude records for this species. We summarize the distribution of this species based on all known records and including additional unreported localities from Boyacá and Cundinamarca departments.
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MELO, Jenny C., Eliana BELTRÁN-PARDO, Jaime Eduardo BERNAL, and Łukasz KACZMAREK. "New records of tardigrades from Colombia (Guatavita, Cundinamarca Department)." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 39 (2015): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1405-13.
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Ardila-Camacho, Adrian, Juan Felipe Vargas, Carlos Julio Arango, Alexander García-García, and Renato Jose Pires Machado. "New distributional records of Mecoptera (Insecta) from Colombia." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 57, no. 18 (June 13, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.18.
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We present new distributional records for two Colombian species of Bittacidae. Pazius convolutus García-García & Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 and Bittacus panamensis Byers, 1958 previously known from Cundinamarca department are herein newly recorded from Santander and Magdalena, respectively. In addition, we recorded Bittacus pignatelli Navás, 1932 in Colombia for the first time, increasing the number of species of Mecoptera in the country. Comments about mating behavior of P. convolutus, as well as a distribution map and a check-list of Colombian species of Mecoptera are included.
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GALVIS, WILLIAM. "Nineteen new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Salticidae: Euophryini) from Colombia, with comments about their conservation." Zootaxa 4286, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4286.1.1.
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The Andean region of Northern South America is widely recognized as a hotspot with extreme levels of diversity, endemism, and threat. In a taxonomic study on jumping spiders from Colombia, nineteen new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 were found, all of which with small-scale endemic distributional patterns. Sixteen of these new species are described from the Andean region, eight of which being restricted to the Cundiboyacense high-Andean plateau (A. bochica sp. nov., A. guatavita sp. nov., A. mae sp. nov., A. pae sp. nov., A. sie sp. nov., A. sotairensis sp. nov., A. tisquesusa sp. nov. and A. tundama sp. nov.), in the Boyacá and Cundinamarca departments. The eight remaining Andean species are distributed out of this high-Andean plateau, in the Eastern Mountain Range of Boyacá (A. chie sp. nov., A. somondoco sp. nov. and A. sua sp. nov.), Cundinamarca (A. quinini sp. nov. and A. zaque sp. nov.), Huila (A. guaitipan sp. nov.) and Santander (A. zipa sp. nov.) departments, and in the Central Mountain Range of Risaralda department (A. quimbaya sp. nov.). Additionally, A. sikuani sp. nov. is described from the Eastern department of Meta, and A. colombianus sp. nov. and A. tanimuca sp. nov. from the Amazonian department of Vaupés. Finally, a map with these new records is included, along with a short comment about conservation of biota in the Andean region.
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PÉREZ, SANDRA, MARTA WOLFF, and CLAUDIO J. B. DE CARVALHO. "A new species of Brachygasterina Macquart from Colombia, and description of the males of B. stuebeli Röder and B. muisca Soares & Carvalho (Diptera: Muscidae)." Zootaxa 3554, no. 1 (November 19, 2012): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3554.1.3.
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Here we describe the new species Brachygasterina setulosa Pérez, Wolff & Carvalho, sp. nov. from Colombia, Cundinamarca Department, Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, at 3560 m above sea level. Descriptions of males of B. stuebeli (Röder) and B. muisca Soares & Carvalho are also included. Currently, 11 species of Brachygasterina Macquart are known from South America, six of which occur in the highlands of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela.
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VIUCHE-LOZANO, ANDRES, MARIA PAULA ENCISO-CALLE, and MANUEL HERNANDO BERNAL. "The advertisement call of Centrolene notostictum (Anura, Centrolenidae) with a new record of geographic distribution in Tolima, Colombia." Zootaxa 4377, no. 4 (February 5, 2018): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4377.4.6.
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Centrolene notostictum Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch,1991 is a glassfrog known from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia—in the Departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander and Santander (Frost 2017)—and the Venezuelan versant of the Sierra de Perijá (Rojas et al. 2012) from 1600 to 2440 masl. Although males have been found calling on the upper surface of the leaves of ferns and Heliconeaceae on the margins of a small fast-flowing stream (Rojas et al. 2012), no quantitative description of the advertisement call of C. notostictum is currently available. During fieldwork in the Galilea Natural Forest (on the western slope of Cordillera Oriental in the municipality of Villarrica, department of Tolima, Colombia) in 2016 and 2017, we found three vocalizing males of C. notostictum. Herein, we report the first geographic record of this species for the department of Tolima and describe its previously unknown advertisement call.
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Tulande-M., Esteban, Patricia Pinzón-Garcia, Alexander Feijoo-M., and José Ignacio Barrera-Cataño. "First record of the Woodland Blue Worm Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny, 1826) (Lumbricina, Lumbricidae) in the Colombian Andes." Check List 14, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/14.2.419.
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In South America, the European epi-endogeic lumbricid Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny, 1826) is known from Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, and Ecuador. Here, we report this earthworm from Colombia for the first time. We found it in areas undergoing ecologic restoration in the Neusa Forest Reservoir, which is located in the department of Cundinamarca. Predominant vegetation in sampled areas is composed of Holcus lanatus, Hypochaeris radicata, and Anthoxanthum odorathum.
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Estrada Montoya, John Harold, and Laura Camila Reyes Cañón. "Barreras de acceso geográfico a los servicios de salud oral en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia." Tequio 4, no. 12 (May 10, 2021): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53331/teq.v4i12.3589.
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Cross-sectional descriptive mixed study carried out for the 47 municipalities of the department of Tolima, Colombia, neighboring the department of Cundinamarca, where Bogota, the capital of the country, is located. The objective was to analyze the geographical access barriers and the inventory of human talent and dental services in this department. A distance and time measurement system was applied to identify the duration of travel from each municipality to Ibagué (departmental capital) by public transport. The geographical accessibility barrier determinant endorsed by the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) is a trip duration greater than four hours. It was found that the first level of care in the public sector is present in all municipalities, the second level is in six; the third only in Ibague. Displacement by public transport represents a geographical access barrier in six municipalities; the number of dentists in the public sector does not satisfactorily cover the needs of the population, since more than 50% of the municipalities have a deficit of more than four general dentists and there is a low presence of specialists. In the department of Tolima there are geographical accessibility barriers to health and, specifically, to oral health.
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Simbaqueba, Ronald, Francisco Serna, and Gary Miller. "First record of Takecallis taiwana (Takahashi) and T. arundinariae (Essig) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Colombia." Agronomía Colombiana 34, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n2.57030.
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The aphids Takecallis taiwana (Takahashi, 1926) and T. arundinariae (Essig, 1917) were collected from two locations in the Department of Cundinamarca (Colombia) and one location within 90 km of the city of Bogotá on plants of the Phyllostachys sp. (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). This represents the first record of these species from the northern half of South America. Key diagnostic morphological characterisitcs are given to help distinguish these species. A list of the species and a summary of their distributions are provided.
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Fonseca-Cortés, Andrés, and Jairo A. Peña-Torres. "First record of the genus Cryptotaenia (Apiaceae, Oenantheae) in Colombia." Darwiniana, nueva serie 9, no. 1 (2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2021.91.942.
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Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk., a native species of Eastern Asia, is reported for the first time for the flora of Colombia. This taxon is easily recognized by its ternate leaves, rhombic leaflets, leaf margins irregularly serrate, cymose inflorescences, irregular rays and pedicels, white petals, cylindric stylopodium, erect stiles, and oblong fruits with five ribs. To date, this species has been recorded only in one locality in Cundinamarca department. A neotypification of C. japonica is proposed and keys for the genera of the tribe Oenantheae present in Colombia, and the species of Cryptotaenia s. str., are presented. Additionally, we report for the first time the family Empididae (Diptera) as floral visitor of this species.
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Luna, Patricia, and Caori Takeuchi. "Home for Elderly People Built by the Community with Structural Elements of Laminated Bamboo Guadua in a Rural Area of Colombia." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.773.
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In the past four years the research project "Design and construction of housing with structural elements of bamboo guadua laminated" was developed in order to show the potential of industrial use of this material and to increase its demand for housing construction. As a result of the research, in the village of Ibama in the municipality of Yacopi, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, a home for elderly people was built using structural elements of laminated bamboo guadua, with the participation of the community under the supervision of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (National University of Colombia). This paper presents the steps followed: the architectural and structural design based on the experimental results of samples and elements, the manufacture process, the test of a part of the structure and the construction on site.
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Rojas-Morales, Julian Andrés, Mateo Marín-Martínez, and Juan Camilo Zuluaga-Isaza. "Rediscovery of the enigmatic forest racer snake, Dendrophidion boshelli Dunn, 1944 (Serpentes, Colubridae): actions for the conservation of a critically endangered species." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.14.e39572.
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Dendrophidion boshelli is a poorly known and endemic snake species from the Middle Magdalena river valley in Colombia. It was described in 1944 based on a single specimen from the municipality of Caparrapí, department of Cundinamarca. Since the original description, only three additional specimens have been established. As part of the results of a herpetological monitoring in the Miel I Hydroelectric project, department of Caldas-Colombia, three additional specimens of D. boshelli were found in 2014–2015. The specimens represent the second known population of the species. We presented morphological data and pholidosis; description of the coloration in life, and a description of the habitat. Recently, D. boshelli was included as a Critically Endangered (CR) species in the Red Book of Reptiles of Colombia, and the IUCN Redlist. For this reason, to promote the local conservation of this and other endemic and threatened species in the Miel I area, we suggested some actions at the local level, such as establishing a conservation area with legal status in the Middle Manso River basin, which is a tributary of the Miel I Hydroelectric project.
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PADILLA-GIL, DORA N. "A new species of Buenoa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) fromColombia." Zootaxa 2487, no. 1 (May 28, 2010): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2487.1.6.
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Key words aquatic insects, high-Andean, south-west ColombiaIntroduction The genus Buenoa Kirkaldy has approximately 63 species and is restricted to the Western Hemisphere. In Colombia there are 14 species of Buenoa, and five species are located on the Pacific coast of Colombia in Tumaco, Nariño (PadillaGil, 2010). Buenoa funensis is described; it is the first record of the genus in high-Andean aquatic ecosystems, in the department of Nariño. In the department of Cundinamarca, Padilla-Gil (2002) found four species of Buenoa up to 1800 m above sea level, and just two species, B. pallipes (Fabricius) and B. cucunubensis Padilla-Gil & Nieser, were found at 3000 m. Buenoa funensis constitutes the first recording in Colombia of a large-size species, whose males measure more 8 mm of length; for this reason it is included within the five South American species and B. distincta from Mexico, which present this characteristic; and a key is presented to differentiate males and females of these species based on Nieser et al. (1997).
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BONILLA MORALES, MIGUEL MACGAYVER, ADRIANA CAROLINA AGUIRRE-MORALES, and CREUCÍ MARÍA CAETANO. "Passiflora splendida and P. quinonesiae, two new species of Passiflora supersection Tacsonia (Passifloraceae) from the Colombian Andes." Phytotaxa 268, no. 3 (July 22, 2016): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.268.3.2.
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Two new species, Passiflora splendida and P. quinonesiae of the section Colombiana from the Andes of Cundinamarca Department (Colombia Eastern Cordillera) are described and illustrated. Passiflora splendida is morphologically similar to P. cremastantha of the series Leptomischae, but can be distinguished by its linear stipules, petioles up to 1.8 cm long, lance-ovate leaves (6–8.5 × 2.5–3.3 cm), flowers with a diameter of 9–11 cm long, sepals and petals with intermediate disposition, both longer than the floral tube, floral tube of 3.2–4.5 cm long and fusiform ovary. Passiflora quinonesiae is similar to the species of series Colombianae, most closely related to P. cuatrecasasii and P. lanata. It differs from P. cuatrecasasii by its terete stem, size of the leaves 4.4–15 × 10.3 cm, elliptic bracts and floral tube 5.2–6 cm long. It differs from P. lanata by its ovate leaves, bracts halfway down the floral tube, elliptical sepals and petals, and elliptical ovary. In addition, a taxonomic key to section Colombiana ser. Colombianae and Leptomischae for Colombia is included and information about the ecology, distribution, and conservation status of P. splendida and P. quinonesiae are discussed.
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Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J., Maria Leonor Galindo-Marquez, Carlos Julian García-Loaiza, Juan Alejandro Sabogal-Roman, Santiago Marin-Loaiza, Andrés Felipe Ayala, Carlos O. Lozada-Riascos, et al. "Mapping Zika virus infection using geographical information systems in Tolima, Colombia, 2015-2016." F1000Research 5 (April 5, 2016): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8436.1.
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Objective: Geographical information systems (GIS) have been extensively used for the development of epidemiological maps of tropical diseases, however not yet specifically for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection.Methods: Surveillance case data of the ongoing epidemics of ZIKV in the Tolima department, Colombia (2015-2016) were used to estimate cumulative incidence rates (cases/100,000 pop.) to develop the first maps in the department and its municipalities, including detail for the capital, Ibagué. The GIS software used was Kosmo Desktop 3.0RC1®. Two thematic maps were developed according to municipality and communes incidence rates.Results: Up to March 5, 2016, 4,094 cases of ZIKV were reported in Tolima, for cumulated rates of 289.9 cases/100,000 pop. (7.95% of the country). Burden of ZIKV infection has been concentrated in its east area, where municipalities have reported >500 cases/100,000 pop. These municipalities are bordered by two other departments, Cundinamarca (3,778 cases) and Huila (5,338 cases), which also have high incidences of ZIKV infection. Seven municipalities of Tolima ranged from 250-499.99 cases/100,000 pop., of this group five border with high incidence municipalities (>250), including the capital, where almost half of the reported cases of ZIKV in Tolima are concentrated.Conclusions: Use of GIS-based epidemiological maps helps to guide decisions for the prevention and control of diseases that represent significant issues in the region and the country, but also in emerging conditions such as ZIKV.
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Morales-Martínez, Darwin M., and Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves. "THE DISTRIBUTION OF BATS OF GENUS LASIURUS (VESPERTILIONIDAE) IN COLOMBIA, WITH NOTES ON TAXONOMY, MORPHOLOGY AND ECOLOGY." Caldasia 37, no. 2 (December 4, 2015): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v37n2.54392.
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<p>In order to clarify the distribution of bats of the genus Lasiurus in Colombia, we performed a morphological study of 49 specimens from four Colombian collections. Our review confirms the presence of three species in Colombia (L. blossevillii, L. cinereus, and L. ega) with distribution in all natural regions that include six of the nine biogeographic provinces. These species can be easily differentiated based on external and cranial characters. Lasiurus cinereus is the largest species (forearm length > 52 mm) and L. blossevillii is the smallest (forearm < 42 mm); L. ega has a distinctive skull shape with a developed sagittal crest. While previous literature make claims that L. egregius and L. castaneus occur in Colombia, our analysis found no support for this and even contradicts the evidence cited for their presence in the country. We demonstrate that one specimen attributed to L. egregius in literature corresponds to a misidentified L. blossevillii. Furthermore, we found that there are not any specimens of L. castaneus from the Department of Cundinamarca despite several reports in the literature. The status of subspecies in Colombia remains controversial and more specimens are needed to determine whether there are clear distinctions between forms in any geographical region. Most of the specimens examined were males and in some cases, were collected opportunistically from dead individuals found in cities in the Andean region.</p>
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Feijóo García, Pedro Guillermo, Deiby Fabian Medina Cortés, Maria Catalina Ramírez Cajiao, and Edier Ernesto Espinosa Díaz. "Cooperative Learning Web Application for Water Care in Colombia – Manglar: Actor-Network Theory Software Solution." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 12, no. 04 (April 28, 2017): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i04.6733.
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One of the major challenges related to water care in Colombia, is to teach and massify good practices along its territory and population, looking forward to promote the preservation of this valuable resource. This paper presents details corresponding to the design, development and implementation of the Web Application Manglar, born within the project Liga del Agua, proposed for cooperative learning towards water care in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. The designed Application uses a graph approach, focused on actors and relations, exposing how the participant organizations and communities cooperate, share resources and interact, letting any user to know what has been elaborated and constructed throughout the project Liga del Agua. In this document, we focus on the architecture corresponding to the designed Application, exposing the requirements and functionalities, developed and implemented, looking forward to guarantee a technological scenario for cooperative learning within this context.
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Padilla Gil, Dora Nancy. "The Heteropterans (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) of Andean lakes from Colombia." Revista Facultad de Ciencias Básicas 15, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rfcb.4399.
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The Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha heteropterans are highly diverse, mainly in Neotropical aquatic ecosystems; however, their composition in the lakes of the Tropical Andes is poorly known. This article presents the composition of aquatic and semiaquatic bugs and their geographical and altitudinal distribution in eight lentic ecosystems from the Cundinamarca department, Colombia. The similar aquatic heteropteran composition between these Andean lakes and its relationship with the geographical and altitudinal range from 1,585 to 3,700 m.a.s.l. in the Eastern Andes are also analyzed. To carry out this work, the collections and pertinent literature are reviewed, and biota similarity is compared by applying a upgma analysis. The results show the predominance of Nepomorpha with a total of 12 species, four genera, and two families: Corixidae (6), and Notonectidae (6). The second most common suborder is Gerromorpha with eight species, seven genera, and five families: Gerridae (3), Veliidae (2), Hebridae (1), Hydrometridae (1), and Mesoveliidae (1). The biota similarity is related to páramo ecosystems and forest type. This article is the first to consider aquatic and semiaquatic heteropterans as biota from the Andean and High Andean lakes in Colombia.
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Rodríguez, Patricia Andrea, Liliana Franco Lara, and Mónica Guzmán Barney. "Inter and Intra Variation of Potato Yellow Vein Virus in Three Potato Species From Colombia." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 7387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v68n1.47826.
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Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV), (family Closteroviridae, genus Crinivirus) is a re-emergent virus in Andean countries. Low inter-isolate variation has been reported for PYVV CP gene, but there are no reports for intra-isolate variation. Inter- and intra-isolate variability in CP from a population of PYVV was studied. Samples of 216 symptomatic potato plants (115 Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (STA), 100 Solanum phureja (SPH) and 1 Solanum chaucha (SCH)) were collected in five Colombian departments. Viral isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and the amplicons were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Six different migration SSCP patterns (A to F) with different complexities were observed among the population. Pattern A was detected in the five departments in 66% of the isolates. Pattern E was found only in the department of Cundinamarca with a frequency of 0.09%. Patterns B, C, D and F were found in similar proportions of from 13% to 5.6% and were present in the five departments. Homology at the nucleotide level of 75% of the sequence of the CP gene was greater than 99% and the dN/dS ratio (no-synonymous/synonymous changes) was 0.002. Amplicons of the whole CP gene of eight selected isolates representing the six SSCP patterns were cloned and the SSCP analysis showed that, in all cases, more than one variant was present. The sequence analysis of the 35 clones confirmed intra-isolate variability of PYVV. The existence of several variants in a single field isolate was demonstrated and negative selection against amino acid changes of the CP was suggested.
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PATIÑO, MANUEL, MARÍA FERNANDA VALENCIA-GUERRERO, EDWIN SAMIR BARBOSA-ÁNGEL, MARÍA JOSÉ MARTÍNEZ-CORDÓN, and PILAR DONADO-GODOY. "Evaluation of Chemical and Microbiological Contaminants in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables from Peasant Markets in Cundinamarca, Colombia." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 1726–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x/jfp-19-453.
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ABSTRACT In this study, chemical and microbiological contaminants were detected in fresh fruits and vegetables in peasant markets in the Department of Cundinamarca to assess food safety. At least one pesticide was detected in 63% of the samples evaluated (n = 100, including fruits and vegetables), and in 41% of these, pesticides exceeded the maximum residue limit. Within the pesticides found, 60% do not use a registry from the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario to be applied on the crops where they were detected and are included in the toxicological categories “highly toxic” (category IB) and “moderately toxic” (category II). Heavy metals were found in 45% of the samples, with cadmium (38%) and lead (14%) being the most frequent. The pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Campylobacter sp. were detected in 4, 2, 1, and 0% of the samples, respectively. Factors concerning integrated crop management, contaminated inputs with chemicals and microorganisms, and the lack of hygiene in the postharvest stage favor the presence of pesticide residues, heavy metals, and the appearance of pathogenic microorganisms. The results suggest the need to strengthen the implementation of integrated management strategies that guarantee the safety of fresh fruits and vegetables in the country. HIGHLIGHTS
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Martínez García, María Dolores, Carlos David Espriella Cardoso, and Manuel Antonio Ramos Rodriguez. "Santa Ana Dairy Producers Association (Asolesan) Bussiness Case An example of economics and local development." Journal of Administrative Science 2, no. 3 (July 5, 2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/jas.v2i3.5543.
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This article describes the investigation results applying the case of study method executed on the Solidarity organization Asolesan, which was born in the Vereda of Santa Ana and carries the same name on the municipality of Guasca in Cundinamarca department of Colombia. Asolesan organization was born in 2008 and since its creation has important accomplishments in difficult situations, specifically; crisis of dairy field in Colombia during the years 2011-2013, problems of accessibility to the farms and issues to link to the cooperative system for lack of knowledge. In the executed process methodological process an initial diagnosis was taken into consideration, identifying and analyzing strategies, success factors, decisions and needs among others implemented by the entity to overcome the moments of crisis and need to move along through the path of growth until get recognition on its region and its economical field. Those goals with the intention of concluded with proposals and offer viable alternatives to the organization that can allow them to obtain benefits, wellness and productivity for the associates as results of the work and investigation.
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Casas, G., A. Londono, and P. Romero. "The association between violence during infancy and mental health disorders in young adults: A case control study at Cundinamarca department, Colombia." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 60, no. 5 (July 2012): S252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurenf.2012.04.640.
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Angarita-Sierra, Teddy, M. Argenis Bonilla-Gómez, David A. Sánchez, Andres R. Acosta-Galvis, Hefzi Medina-Ovalle, Anggi Solano-Moreno, Simon Ulloa-Rengifo, et al. "Distribution, habitat suitability, conservation state and natural history of endangered salamander Bolitoglossa pandi." PeerJ 8 (September 24, 2020): e9901. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9901.
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Background Pandi’s mushroom-tongue salamander (Bolitoglossa pandi) is one of the threatened amphibians in South America, as well as a flagship species for the Colombian conservation agenda. This species is endemic to the Andean cloud forests of the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, occurring only in the department of Cundinamarca within a narrow elevational range. At night, B. pandi can be seen perching on the upper side of leaves at heights ranging from ground level to 2.5 m. During the day, it can be found under leaf litter or cover objects. Few studies have provided relevant information that can help the Colombian government to formulate lines of action for the conservation of this species; consequently, its threat assessments so far have been based on very limited information. Methods We conducted surveys for salamanders in four municipalities of Cundinamarca, Colombia, using two approaches: visual encounter surveys (Guaduas and Villeta) and the basic sampling protocol for single-species occupancy modeling (Supatá and Venecia). Multivariate analyses were employed to explore the correlation between habitat structure and natural history traits, abundance, and detection/non-detection of B. pandi. We evaluated the B. pandi activity pattern through kernel density curves for each sampling occasion and explored the variability of salamander abundance during their activity period by performing a nested ANOVA. Results We report the discovery of two new populations of B. pandi, which represent the most northwestern records known. A significant correlation between body length, body mass, and habitat structure was observed. Multivariate analyses indicated that leaf litter depth, mean temperature, percent vegetation cover, and altitude were the habitat variables that together explained 60.3% of the B. pandi abundance variability, as well as the main determinants of its optimal habitat. Bolitoglossa pandi exhibits an activity pattern characterized by two main activity peaks, in which niche time-partitioning was observed. Across the surveyed area, we found a healthy, stable, highly dense population of B. pandi (>1,300 individuals), with seasonal variability between development stages. Discussion Given the high habitat specificity of B. pandi, the species is highly vulnerable to local changes. Thus, we recommend that B. pandi be retained as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List, based on the IUCN Criterion B, given its restricted extent of occurrence (ca. 2,500 km2) and the ongoing threats from agriculture, cattle ranching, logging, and urban development, which continue to reduce its suitable habitat.
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Hernández-Barbosa, Rubinsten. "Los conocimientos faunísticos en el estudiantado de escuelas rurales: Una guía para su reconocimiento en la clase de ciencias naturales." Revista Electrónica Educare 22, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.22-2.1.
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This text aims to describe a methodological proposal to identify, classify, and organize the faunistic knowledge of students of rural schools. The research was conducted with twenty sixth graders from a rural school in the Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. Through five types of activities, they expressed, in different ways, their knowledge about the animals of the region. The information collected was organized, categorized, and systematized in tables; these tables resulted from the analysis of the information the students provided. It is a possibility of school work that favors the recognition and valuation of the traditional and ancestral knowledge, and its incorporation to the dynamics of the teaching and learning of the Natural Sciences as a way to create “bridges” between that knowledge and the scholarly scientific knowledge. It is a proposal that, among other things, favors the development of more positive attitudes toward science itself, motivates students to ask questions, to recognize the importance of the cultural context, and to recognize themselves as part of a biocultural system.
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Parra-Coronado, Alfonso, Gerhard Fischer, and Jesús H. Camacho-Tamayo. "Post-harvest quality model of pineapple guava fruit according to storage and weather conditions of cultivation." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 9 (September 2017): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n9p634-639.
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ABSTRACT The post-harvest quality of pineapple guava fruit is determined by the storage and prevailing weather conditions during growth and development. This study proposes a model for post-harvest fruit quality according to the storage and weather conditions in the pineapple guava growing region. Physiologically ripe fruit were collected during two harvests from two locations within the Department of Cundinamarca (Colombia): Tenjo and San Francisco de Sales. The fruits were stored at 18 ± 1 °C (76 ± 5% relative humidity (RH), over 11 days) and at 5 ± 1 °C (87 ± 5% RH, over 31 days), and the quality attributes were evaluated every two days. Models of the most significant physio-chemical quality characteristics of the post-harvest fruit were developed by using the Excel® Solver tool for all data obtained in the two crop periods. The results showed that storage and prevailing weather conditions, which differed according to the altitude of the growing site, had considerable impacts on the physio-chemical characteristics of the fruit throughout the post-harvest ripening process.
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Parra-Coronado, Alfonso, Gerhard Fischer, and Jesús Camacho-Tamayo. "Post-harvest quality of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] fruits produced in two locations at different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia." Agronomía Colombiana 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n1.68577.
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The quality of pineapple guava fruits during post-harvest storage depends directly on their quality at harvest and is influenced by climatic conditions during growth. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of climatic conditions on certain parameters of fruit quality during post-harvest storage. Twenty trees were tagged in two locations within the department of Cundinamarca (Colombia), recording the climatic conditions during fruit growth until harvest. The fruits were differentiated by place of origin and stored at 18 ± 1ºC (76 ± 5% relative humidity, RH) for 11 d or 5 ± 1ºC (87 ± 5% RH) for 31 d, evaluating several quality attributes every two d. The places of origin were San Francisco de Sales (1,800 m a.s.l., 20.6oC, 63-97% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 1,493 mm) and Tenjo (2,580 m a.s.l., 12.5oC, 74-86% RH, with an average annual precipitation of 765 mm). The results indicated that the fruits stored at the highest temperature were sweeter and had reduced weight and firmness, lower acidity, and faster postharvest senescence (lower post-harvest durability). The postharvestN fruit characteristics were determined by considering the fruit quality during growth and the influence of climatic conditions during cultivation in each location. At the higher altitudes, the total soluble solid content in the fruits was higher and firmness decreased, and the total titratable acidity and weight loss were lower. For fruit color, significant differences were not observed that would demonstrate the effect of climatic conditions during the post-harvest period.
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Gómez, Juliana, Laura Villamizar, Carlos Espinel, and Alba Marina Cotes P. "Comparación de la eficacia y la productividad de tres granulovirus nativos sobre larvas de Tecia solanivora (Povolny) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 10, no. 2 (November 8, 2009): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol10_num2_art:137.
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<p><em>Tecia solanivora </em>es una de las plagas más limitantes del cultivo de la papa, para cuyo control el uso de granulovirus constituye una alternativa promisoria. Para el control de la plaga en condiciones de almacenamiento, en Colombia se produce un bioplaguicida en polvo a base de un granulovirus aislado en Perú a partir de larvas de <em>Phthorimaea operculella</em>. En un trabajo previo se aislaron tres granulovirus nativos provenientes de larvas de <em>T. solanivora </em>de los municipios de Chocontá, Mosquera y Carmen de Carupa en el departamento de Cundinamarca, los cuales podrían estar mejor adaptados al insecto y a las condiciones ambientales del país. En el presente trabajo, los tres aislamientos de granulovirus se evaluaron mediante un bioensayo en laboratorio utilizándolos formulados y sin formular y teniendo como patrón de comparación la cepa peruana. Los virus nativos formulados presentaron eficacias entre 88% y 100%, mientras que para el aislamiento peruano se obtuvo 88%. Estos resultados fueron significativamente diferentes de los obtenidos con los aislamientos sin formular, para los cuales la eficacia estuvo entre 36% y 86% para los aislamientos nativos y, 59% para el aislamiento peruano. También se comparó la cantidad de cuerpos de inclusión (CI) producidos por miligramo de larva con cada uno de los aislamientos, entre los que no se encontraron diferencias significativas. El rendimiento promedio fue de 4,4 x 107 CI/mg de larva. Los resultados permitieron seleccionar el aislamiento nativo proveniente de Mosquera (Cundinamarca) para el futuro desarrollo de un bioplaguicida por presentar los mayores niveles de virulencia. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Comparison of the efficacy and yield of three native granulovirus over </strong><strong><em>Tecia solanivora </em></strong><strong>(Povolny) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae</strong> </p><p><em>Tecia solanivora </em>is one of the most limiting potato pests and the use of granulovirus constitutes a promissory alternative for its control. A biopesticide based on a granulovirus isolate from Peru is manufactured in Colombia, for controlling the pest under storage conditions. In a previous work, three native granulovirus from <em>T. solanivora </em>larvae from the localities of Chocontá, Mosquera and Carmen de Carupa of the Cundinamarca department were isolated. These native strains could be better adapted to both the host and the environmental conditions of the country. In the present work the three native isolates of granulovirus were evaluated formulated and unformulated under laboratory conditions by using a bioassay and were compared with the Peruvian strain. The formulated native viruses presented the highest efficacy with results between 88% and 100%, while the Peruvian isolate obtained 88%. These results were significantly different from the obtained with the unformulated virus isolates, for which the efficacy ranged between 36% and 86% for native isolates and was 59% for the Peruvian strain. The concentration of occlusion bodies (OB) produced per milligram of larva tissue was measured and no significant differences between the isolates were observed. The average yield was 4.4 x 107 OB/mg larvae. Results allowed to select the native isolate from Mosquera (Cundinamarca) for a future biopesticide development for presenting the highest virulence levels. </p>
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González-Campo, Carlos Hernán. "Editorial." Cuadernos de Administración 34, no. 61 (September 10, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v34i61.6942.
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Issue 61 of the Journal Cuadernos de Administración publishes 7 papers on the different topics of editorial interest, which national and international authors have considered disseminating in our publication, and which have been selected after a rigorous assessment process. The first paper, entitled “The use of social media to improve the commitment of stakeholders in the fashion and clothing sector: the Inditex case”, is the result of a research wherein, by means of a descriptive analysis, the different levels of participation in Facebook and the main characteristics that stimulate such participation in Inditex are studied.“Strategy and generation of value in Colombian service companies”, is the title of our second paper, the result of research aimed at identifying the relationship between strategy and value generation in service companies that have won the Colombian Management Quality Award by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism in the period 2013-2014. Innovation in Companies operating in the Foodstuffs Sector of Colombia. An analysis from the perspective of open innovation”, is the third paper and the result of a qualitative study that investigates the characteristics of the actors and their relationships in four areas of the foodstuffs sector in Colombia (the meat, dairy, milling and confectionery sectors).“Environmental entrepreneurship and public policy. Case: Entrepreneurship for Life Program”, is the title of the fourth paper in this issue, in which the authors, using the methodology of the Synergy System, applied by the Colombian Government to evaluate public policies, evaluate the “Entrepreneurship for Life” program.The fifth paper “Formal and informal institutions in relation to the entrepreneurial phenomenon in the Americas”, presents the results of a study that analyses the impact of formal and informal institutions on the change of the entrepreneurial activity rate (TEA) in 9 countries in the Americas, using data from GEM studies between 2005 and 2015.“Global communication models and their importance to public administrations - the case of the Secretariat of Information and Communication Technologies in Cundinamarca” is the title of the sixth paper published herein, and is the result of a study on the state of communications in the process of collecting requirements between the Secretariat of Information and Communication Technologies, the Government of Cundinamarca and the municipalities of the department through surveys and interviews with stakeholders and comparative analysis based on the current technical quality standards and variables of the global communication model. At the end of this issue, a review article entitled “Do social media create long-term brand experiences?” is published, in which the authors present a series of questions on the problem of the relationship between social networks and brand experience within marketing strategies. The article defines several lines wherefrom to outline future research.From the editorial team, we thank all the authors of this issue of the Journal Cuadernos de Administración for their contributions and our readers. We hope that all the changes that are being made as a journal will enable greater diffusion of published knowledge, where its content is the exclusive responsibility of each author and does not compromise the Faculty of Administrative Sciences of the Universidad del Valle, as the publishing entity.
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Parra-Coronado, Alfonso, Gerhard Fischer, Gerhard Fischer, Jesus Hernan Camacho-Tamayo, and Jesus Hernan Camacho-Tamayo. "Growth model of the pineapple guava fruit as a function of thermal time and altitude." Ingeniería e Investigación 36, no. 3 (December 19, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v36n3.52336.
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The growth of the pineapple guava fruit is primarily stimulated by temperature but is also influenced by other climactic factors, such as altitude. The goal of this study was to develop a growth model for the pineapple guava fruit as a function of thermal time (GDD, growing-degree day) and altitude (H) of the production area. Twenty trees per farm were marked in two sites in the Cundinamarca department (Colombia) during the 2012 and 2014 seasons. The measurements were performed every seven days after day 96 and 99 post-anthesis until harvest in the sites of Tenjo (2,580 m.a.s.l.) and San Francisco de Sales (1,800 m.a.s.l.), respectively. A growth model was produced for weight as a function of fruit length and diameter as well as for the weight of the fruit as a function of GDD and H, with this last measure adjusted to a sigmoidal logistic growth model. The parameters for the regression analysis showed that the models satisfactorily predicted fruit growth for both of the sites, with a high determination coefficient. The cross-validation showed good statistical fit between the predicted and observed models; the intercept was not significantly different than zero, and the slope was statistically equal to one.
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Ramírez-Godoy, Augusto, Gina Puentes-Pérez, and Hermann Restrepo-Díaz. "Evaluation of the efficacy of neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations in Colombia." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 12, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.8093.
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The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri is the insect vector of the disease known as huanglongbing (HLB), which is the most devastating disease of citrus crops in the world. The Asian citrus psyllid was officially reported in Colombia in 2007, and a national phytosanitary emergency was declared because of the presence of HLB in 2015. Two different experiments were carried out in two locations (Apulo and Jerusalén, Department of Cundinamarca) in Colombia to evaluate the effectiveness of neonicotinoid (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxan) and pyrethroid applications (bifenthrin, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin) on the control of D. citri populations (adults, nymphs and eggs) in ‘Tahiti’ lime trees established under tropical dry forest conditions. In the first experiment, trees were foliarly treated as follows: (1) untreated trees; (2) trees treated with 100 g ha-1 of imidacloprid; (3) trees treated with 60 g ha-1 of bifenthrin; (4) trees treated with 12.5 g ha-1 of deltamethrin and (5) trees treated with a co-formulation of 70 g ha-1 of a neonicotinoid (thiametoxan) and 53 g ha-1 of a pyrethroid (lambda cyhalothrin). In the second experiment, trees were treated with 100 g ha-1 of clothianidin. Foliar insecticide applications were carried out at 0 and 4 weeks after the initiation of treatments (WAT). In the first trial, the control presented a mean number of individuals per flush of ≈1.14, whereas the trees treated with neoinicotinoids and pyrethroids showed 50% fewer individuals (0.53-0.61). For the population of immatures, the number of nymphs was 2.25 nymphs per flush in the control, as compared to 0.82-1.22 individuals observed in the treatments with insecticides. The mean number of eggs was also between 80-100% higher in the control trees (2.37 individuals), as compared to the treated trees (1.14-1.78). In the second trial, the use of clothianidin showed a higher control of eggs. The results suggest that the rotation of neonicotinoids with pyrethroids can be a tool to reduce populations and delay resistance processes in D. citri in citrus trees established under tropical dry forest conditions in Colombia.
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Avendaño, José M., and Edgar Linares. "Morphometry giant African snail Achatina fulica (Gastropoda : Achatinidae ) in Colombia." UNED Research Journal 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v7i2.1155.
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The giant African snail is currently one of the most aggressive and invasive species that has colonized many countries outside its natural environment. We recorded four shell measures and the weight of 3 157 individuals of Achatina fulica collected in Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Meta, Norte de Santander and Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Larger and heavier individuals were collected in the Meta and Boyacá departments while the highest density per square meter was recorded in Cundinamarca. We found a strong, positive and highly significant (p<0.01) correlation among measured variables. During development maximum sizes of shell, opening and body weight are correlated, and shell length increases faster than the other measures, leading to a marked elongation of the individuals. The settling time of the populations was also reflected in the size of individuals.
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Ruiz-García, Manuel, Jessica Yanina Arias Vásquez, Héctor Restrepo, Carlos Herney Cáceres-Martínez, and Joseph Mark Shostell. "The genetic structure of the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus; Ursidae, Carnivora) in Colombia by means of mitochondrial and microsatellite markers." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 1072–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa082.
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Abstract The spectacled bear (Ursidae: Tremarctos ornatus) is an emblematic umbrella species and one of the top carnivores in the Andean mountains. It is also listed as vulnerable by IUCN and as endangered by CITES. We analyzed the genetic structure of this species in nine geographical regions representing the three Andean Cordilleras in Colombia. We sequenced six mitochondrial genes in 115 spectacled bears; a subset of these specimens (n = 61) were genotyped at seven nuclear microsatellites. We addressed three objectives: 1) determine the genetic diversity and historical demographic changes of the spectacled bear in Colombia; 2) determine phylogeographic patterns of genetic divergence among spectacled bear populations in Colombia; and 3) estimate the levels of gene flow among different regions of Colombia. Our analyses show evidence of high mitochondrial genetic diversity in spectacled bears, both in Colombia as well as in each of the nine regions, most particularly Norte de Santander, Nariño, and Antioquia-Córdoba. In addition, we detected population expansion in Colombia that occurred around 24,000 years ago, followed by a population decrease during the last 7,000 years, and a sudden expansion in the last 300 years. Phylogenetic analyses showed few well-supported clades, with some haplotypes detected in all the departments and Colombian Andean Cordilleras, and other haplotypes restricted to certain geographical areas (Antioquia, Norte de Santander, Cundinamarca, and Nariño). We detected significant genetic heterogeneity among some departments and among the three Colombian Andean Cordilleras for both mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Nevertheless, the moderate levels of gene flow estimated from FST statistics suggest that geographical barriers have not been definitive obstacles to the dispersion of the spectacled bear throughout Colombia. Despite these gene flow estimates, significant spatial autocorrelation was detected for spectacled bear in Colombia, where two kinds of spatial patterns were discovered: genetic patches of 144 km of diameter, and isolation by distance among bears separated from 578 to 800 km. The two most northern spectacled bear populations of Colombia (Norte de Santander and Antioquia) also were the two most differentiated. Their distinctiveness may qualify them as distinct Management Units (MUs) in the context of conservation policies for the spectacled bear in Colombia.
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MARTÍNEZ, LEONEL, ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT, EDUARDO VILLARREAL, and LUIZ FERNANDO M. OLIVEIRA. "An update of morphological and distributional data of the genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae) with the description of twenty-five new species from Colombia." Zootaxa 4914, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 1–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4914.1.1.
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The knowledge on the diversity of the genus Patrera Simon in Colombia is widely expanded. P. auricoma (L. Koch, 1866) and P. armata (Chickering, 1940) are redescribed and their females are described for the first time and recorded from Cundinamarca and Meta departments, respectively. Aysha strandi (Caporiacco, 1947) is synonymized with P. armata. Three species groups in the genus Patrera are proposed to include the bulk of its species (fulvastra, florezi, and philipi). These groups are diagnosed based on sexual characters. Twenty-five new species are herein described, illustrated and mapped: P. anchicaya n. sp. (♂♀); P. barbacoas n. sp. (♂); P. borjai n. sp. (♂♀); P. danielae n. sp. (♂♀); P. dimar n. sp. (♂♀); P. perafani n. sp. (♂♀); P. platnicki n. sp. (♂); P. quillacinga n. sp. (♂♀), and P. ramirezi n. sp. (♂♀) into the fulvastra species group. P. bonaldoi n. sp. (♂♀); P. boteroi n. sp. (♂); P. carvalhoi n. sp. (♂♀); P. florezi n. sp. (♂♀); P. perijaensis n. sp. (♀); P. quimbaya n. sp. (♂♀); P. sampedroi n. sp. (♂); P. yukpa n. sp. (♂♀), and P. wiwa n. sp. (♂♀) in florezi species group. P. sutu n. sp. (♂); P. chucurui n. sp. (♂♀); P. dawkinsi n. sp. (♂); P. dentata n. sp. (♂); P. dracula n. sp. (♂); P. kuryi n. sp. (♂♀), and P. longitibialis n. sp. (♂) in philipi species group. We also briefly discuss some aspects of the species groups’ genital morphology, based on a comparison with the type, P. fulvastra Simon. Additionally, distribution maps for all Colombian species including new records for P. armata (Chickering, 1940), P. auricoma (L. Koch, 1866) and P. suni Dupérré & Tapia, 2016 from Cundinamarca, Meta and Nariño departments are also herein included.
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Chacón S., María Isabel, Yubelly del Pilar Sánchez, and Luz Stella Barrero M. "Genetic structure of a Colombian cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) collection by means of microsatellite markers." Agronomía Colombiana 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n1.52960.
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The cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a fruit species cultivated in the Andes, is one of the major fruit exports of Colombia. We hypothesized that the Andean cordilleras in Colombia play a role in structuring the genetic diversity of this crop. For addressing this hypothesis, a set of 85 Colombian cape gooseberry accessions from different departments and cordilleras was analyzed by means of 15 SSR markers. AMOVA, clustering and Bayesian analyses were applied. The results showed the presence of two major groups related to geography: one consisting of cultivated and non-cultivated accessions from the eastern Andes (Norte de Santander, Santander, Boyaca and Cundinamarca) and the other one consisting of cultivated and non-cultivated accessions from the central and western Andes (Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca and Nariño). The genetic relationships between the accessions suggested that the movement of cape gooseberry seeds may be more frequent between neighboring regions, thus explaining the existence of these two major groups. The results also showed lower levels of genetic diversity in this sample (HE=0.223), as compared to other Physalis species and other studies on the cape gooseberry that used different molecular markers. It is recommended that future evaluation studies include both cultivated and non-cultivated genotypes from the two major groups detected in this study in order to better represent the genetic diversity available in this crop.
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BOTERO-TRUJILLO, RICARDO, and EDUARDO FLÓREZ D. "A revisionary approach of Colombian Ananteris (Scorpiones, Buthidae): two new species, a new synonymy, and notes on the value of trichobothria and hemispermatophore for the taxonomy of the group." Zootaxa 2904, no. 1 (June 2, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2904.1.1.
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Some contributions to the knowledge of the buthid scorpion genus Ananteris Thorell, 1891 in Colombia are herein presented, based upon the examination of over 100 specimens. Ananteris ochoai sp. nov. and Ananteris solimariae sp. nov. are described from Nariño and Santander departments, respectively. The recently described Ananteris hasshy Teruel & Roncallo, 2008 is synonymized under Ananteris columbiana Lourenço, 1991 based on several evidences from morphology. The males of Ananteris dorae Botero-Trujillo, 2008, Ananteris ehrlichi Lourenço, 1994 and Ananteris myriamae Botero-Trujillo, 2007, and the female of Ananteris arcadioi Botero-Trujillo, 2008 are described for the first time. Ananteris meridana González-Sponga, 2006 is reported for the first time for Colombia and the genus Ananteris for the departments of Cundinamarca, Santander and Norte de Santander. Likewise, new locality records are given for A. arcadioi, A. dorae and A. myriamae. Revised diagnoses and data on intraspecific variability are provided for A. arcadioi, A. columbiana, A. dorae, A. ehrlichi, A. meridana and A. myriamae. Hemispermatophore morphology is described for the first time for A. arcadioi, A. columbiana, A. dorae, A. ehrlichi, A. meridana, A. myriamae, A. ochoai sp. nov. and A. solimariae sp. nov., providing evidence of this structure’s taxonomic usefulness and revealing a paramount need to describe it in further taxonomic works on Ananteris. Some notes on the use of the fixed finger trichobothria for the definition of Ananteris speciesare provided. A distribution map plotting the known locality records of the thirteen Colombian species of Ananteris and a key to their identification are also included. Finally, the name ‘Ananteris antioquensis’, used by Otero et al. (2004) but never published, is herein deemed a nomen nudum.
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DONADO-GODOY, PILAR, BARBARA A. BYRNE, MICHAEL HUME, MARIBEL LEÓN, ENRIQUE PÉREZ-GUTIÉRREZ, MARTHA J. VIVES FLORES, VIVIANA CLAVIJO, et al. "Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ and Salmonella Heidelberg from Poultry and Retail Chicken Meat in Colombia by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-356.
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Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ variant (also termed Salmonella Java) and Salmonella Heidelberg are pathogens of public health importance that are frequently isolated from poultry. As a step toward implementing the Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistant Surveillance, this study characterized molecular patterns of Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+and Salmonella Heidelberg isolated from poultry farms, fecal samples, and retail chicken meat using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relationship among isolates and to determine potential geographically predominant genotypes. Based on PFGE analysis, both serovars exhibited high heterogeneity: the chromosomal DNA fingerprints of 82 Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+ isolates revealed 42 PFGE patterns, whereas the 21 isolates of Salmonella Heidelberg revealed 10 patterns. Similar genotypes of both serovars were demonstrated to be present on farms and in retail outlets. For Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+, closely genetically related strains were found among isolates coming from different farms and different integrated poultry companies within two departments (Santander and Cundinamarca) and also from farms located in the two geographically distant departments. For Salmonella Heidelberg, there were fewer farms with genetically related isolates than for Salmonella Paratyphi B dT+. A possible dissemination of similar genotypes of both serovars along the poultry production chain is hypothesized, and some facilitating factors existing in Colombia are reviewed.
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Ángel, Jorge Evelio, Erick Geovanni Hernández, Néstor Andrés Herrera, Linda Yhiset Gómez, Ángela Patricia Castro, Adriana Milena Sepúlveda, and Everth Emilio Ebratt. "Citrus huanglongbing: validation of Real-Time PCR (qPCR) for the detection of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus in Colombia." Agronomía Colombiana 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v32n3.44069.
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Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive citrus disease. Two of the three known HLB-associated CandidatusLiberibacter species were recently found to be present in the Americas. In this study, eggs, nymphs and adults of Diaphorinacitri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and suspect citrus plant materials were collected in 25 municipalities in the departments of Cundinamarca, Santander, Valle del Cauca, Meta and Quindio (Colombia). The detection sensitivity, specificity and assay performance of the 16S rDNA-based real-time PCR (qPCR) were validated for the field survey of the disease in Colombia. The validation confirmed the reliability and robustness of the real-time PCR method for the detection of HLB bacteria in host citrus plant tissues and the vector D. citri. The diagnosis was performed for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Ca. L. asiaticus) and for Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Ca. L. americanus) on 168 citrus plant material samples and 239 insect samples. Neither Ca. L. asiaticus nor Ca. L. americanus were detected in the host plants or insects vector, confirming the absence of the disease in the citrus-producing areas of Colombia.
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Martínez Cordero, Humberto, Jessica Zapata Malagon, Lorena Cubillos Osorio, Alejandro Rico Mendoza, Alexandra Porras Ramírez, Juan Ospina Idarraga, Henry Idrobo, et al. "Multiple Myeloma Mortality Incidence Prevalence of Disease - Mmy Mind Study." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142376.
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Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous and incurable disease that evolves from asymptomatic premalignant conditions. The worldwide incidence, prevalence and mortality are well known thanks to data reported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and by the GLOBOCAN World Cancer Observatory. The data provided by Colombia to these reports comes from the population cancer registries corresponding to 5 cities whose most up-to-date data are from 2018. National data can also be found in the base of the high-cost account. Although it is true that there are excellent sources of information, it is believed that there is a significant underreporting of the prevalence of the disease, which makes it necessary to optimize the information to achieve the establishment of programs oriented to work on better control of this type of hematological cancer. The study MiMENTe (Mieloma Múltiple Epidemiología Nacional y territorial) is a collaborative effort to know the reality of the disease in terms of incidence, prevalence and mortality in Colombia as a first step to control the disease even in the premalignant stages for the future wanting to position itself as a model for the control of MM in developing countries. Methods MiMENTE (Mieloma Múltiple, Epidemiología Nacional y territorial) is a multiphase study that is going through its first stage through a cross-sectional study in Colombia. The total population diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma (ICD Code 10 C900) during the 2008-2018 period was included in the RIPS Individual Service Delivery Registry in Colombia and a comparison was made with the available data from GLOBOCAN (Global Cancer Observatory) and High Cost Account. Records that had an unidentified diagnosis were excluded. For this phase, a comparison is made of the data from the registries of the three entities described, three measures of frequency are established: Incidence, prevalence and mortality, standardizing the latter by means of a direct method, making the Colombian population comparable with large countries such as the United States. and Spain cataloged as centers of reference in the management and diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma. Variables such as ethnicity, age, place of origin, health regime, place of death will be studied in the future in later phases of the study. Results Between 2009 and 2018 (10 years), 26,356 MM diagnoses were found throughout the national territory of Colombia. The departments where the most attention to patients with this diagnosis was presented were Cundinamarca, Valle del Cauca, Antioquia, Santander, Bolívar and Atlántico Figure 1. The standardized incidence rate for Colombia in 2018 was 1.79 x 100,000 inhabitants, being higher in the Andean region as shown in the heat map. Graph 1. The total number of prevalent cases per year varied from 1138 cases in 2009 to 4474 cases in 2018 being for this year the adjusted prevalence of 8.97 x 100,000 inhabitants / year Graph 2. When the prevalence is analyzed by regions it is higher in the Andean region Graph 3. During this entire period of time, 5481 deaths were found, being 20.80%. The highest mortality occurred in the departments of Vichada, Meta, Caquetá, Risaralda, Atlántico and the island of San Andrés. Figure 2. The age-standardized mortality rate for Colombia is 1,39x100,000 inhabitants (Adjusted with the population of the United States). The most up-to-date data from IARC and GLOBOCAN are those corresponding to the year 2018. A comparison was made of our data with those reported in this last registry for Colombia in addition to the high-cost account. Comparative data were developed with the population of the United States, standardizing this population and it was also compared with the data reported for Spain. The prevalence of the disease is higher in Colombia than reported by GLOBOCAN, IARC and High cost drug account Table 1. Conclusion This is the first report of the MiMENTe study that shows the incidence, prevalence and mortality of patients with 10-year-old multiple myeloma in Colombia. The prevalence of the disease is higher than that reported by international registries. The regions with the highest incidence were those belonging to the andean region. The highest prevalence was confirmed in Bogotá and Antioquia and the highest mortality was observed in the Orinoco region. Disclosures Idrobo: Takeda: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Tecnofarma: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
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Franco-Saldarriaga, Alejandra, and María Argenis Bonilla-Gómez. "Sexual reproductive strategies of Puya nitida (Bromeliaceae) in a Colombian paramo, a tropical high-elevation ecosystem." Journal of Tropical Ecology 36, no. 6 (November 2020): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467420000218.
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AbstractThe low availability of pollinators in high-elevation ecosystems can lead to flowering plants showing different adaptive responses in order to assure their reproductive success. Shifts toward autogamy and asexual reproductive rates (the reproductive assurance hypothesis) and the compensatory measures to maintain outcrossing such as flower longevity and more prolonged pistil receptivity (the increased pollination probability hypothesis) are some of these responses. Several studies have tested both hypotheses, but investigations of plants of tropical alpine environments such as paramos that support these assumptions are still scarce. Puya nitida, an endemic Colombian plant species distributed in the paramo and subparamo in the Eastern Cordillera of Cundinamarca department, was used as a case study to test its reproductive characteristics that assure its sexual reproduction. We analysed the species’ floral morphology and development, its phenological patterns and its plant mating-system. We found that Puya nitida showed floral characteristics that promote pollination by birds, herkogamy and dichogamy, flowers and receptive stigmas with 9 and 12 days of longevity, respectively and an index of self-incompatibility that shows that it is mostly self-incompatible. We found a synchronic phenological pattern with an annual frequency and an intermediate duration with a peak in the period of lowest rainfall. Our results suggested that longer floral development, prolonged stigma receptivity, herkogamy and dichogamy and self-incompatibility might assure reproductive success, since the cross-pollination might be favoured when few pollinators are in attendance. Overall, these reproductive mechanisms add evidence to the increased pollination probability hypothesis, specifically for a plant species of a tropical high-elevation ecosystem where pollinators are scarce.
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Ebratt, Everth, Andrés Rodríguez, Buenaventura Monje, Edgar Varón, Helena Brochero, and Arturo Goldarazena. "Preferences of Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood 1919 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) for different structures of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) plants in the Magdalena warm valley of Colombia." Agronomía Colombiana 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n1.66714.
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Thrips samples were collected from cotton crops in the Andean region of the Magdalena warm valley, an area represented by the Colombian departments of Tolima, Huila and Cundinamarca. Ten cotton plants were randomly selected per hectare in each plot. Five young leaves, five floral buds, five opened flowers and five bolls or fruits were inspected. Immature stages were separated from the adults and a first classification was made according to the present thrips morphotypes, separating the adults of possible S. dorsalis specimens from the others. T-Student and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed in order to find statistical differences between the different evaluated variables. The selectivity of S. dorsalis for each plant structure was determined by Z tests, Spearman correlation analysis and the Bray-Curtis similarity index. Scirtothrips dorsalis was found in 77% (n = 46) of the inspected sites. The species exhibited greater affinity to the boll, followed by young leaves and buds. Opened flowers constituted a resource not frequented by the pest with a similarity range of I = 0.8 (<1). It is suggested that cotton plants are hosts to the thrips species; it means that the pest life cycle is highly associated to the cotton production in the Andean region. The importance of the results related to the cotton production and other crops associated to the insect species in the region is discussed.
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Tebbitt, M. C. "RECIRCUMSCRIPTION AND NEW SYNONYMS OF BEGONIA ACERIFOLIA (BEGONIACEAE) AND AMENDED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE POORLY KNOWN B. HYDROPHYLLOIDES AND B. VELATA." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428617000105.
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A taxonomic study was conducted of four Andean Begonia species, each originally described only from its type collection: Begonia hydrophylloides L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub., B. triramosa Irmsch., B. velata L.B.Sm. & B.G.Schub. and B. xerophyta L.B.Sm. & Wassh. Amended descriptions of Begonia hydrophylloides and B. velata are provided. The distribution range of Begonia hydrophylloides is extended to include the Colombian department of Meta, as well as Cundinamarca. Begonia velata, originally described from Huncabamba Province, of Píura Region, Peru, has its distribution range extended to include Contumazá Province, of Cajamarca Region, Peru. Begonia triramosa, described from Chimborazo Province, Ecuador, and B. xerophyta, described from Loja Province, Ecuador, are both synonymised with B. acerifolia Kunth. Following an in-depth taxonomic study of Begonia acerifolia, an additional species, B. erythrocarpa A.DC., is synonymised with this species. An amended description of Begonia acerifolia is provided, and the species is recorded from Andean Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Begonia hydrophylloides, B. velata and B. acerifolia are all affiliated with species currently classified in the polyphyletic Begonia sect. Knesebeckia (Klotzsch) A.DC. Begonia hydrophylloides is assessed as Data Deficient (DD), B. velata is assessed as Vulnerable (VU) and B. acerifolia is assessed as Least Concern (LC), according to IUCN criteria.
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MOTTA, KELLY, KAREN AMÓRTEGUI, BIBIANA MONCADA, and ROBERT LÜCKING. "New species in the genus Graphis with transversally septate ascospores (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae) from Colombia." Phytotaxa 401, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.401.4.3.
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The lichenized genus Graphis sensu Staiger (Graphidaceae) is listed with 67 species in the most recent version of the Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. Revision of recent publications and approximately 700 collections housed in the Cryptogams Section of the Herbario Forestal “Gilberto Emilio Mahecha Vega” of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas in Bogotá revealed 70 additions to the Colombian lichen biota in this genus and the recently segregated genus Allographa, including 13 species new to science, from the departments of Boyacá, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Meta, Nariño, Santander, and Tolima. In this paper, six new species of Graphis with transversely septate ascospores are described, illustrated, and discussed. The new taxa are: Graphis amaliana, with lirellae becoming striate, laterally carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, large, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid; differing from Allographa celata and A. verminosa in the verrucose thallus and erumpent lirellae with verruculose thallin margin, as well as in the broader ascospores; G. carmenelisana with labia becoming striate, completely carbonized excipulum, inspersed hymenium (type A), large, transversely septate ascospores, and stictic acid; differing from Graphis gloriosensis in the rugose-verruculose thallus and the radiately branched lirellae with apically thin complete thalline margin and labia becoming striate; G. kavintuca with entire lirellae, laterally carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, small to medium-sized, transversely septate ascospores, and lacking substances; differing from A. elongata in the lirellae lacking a thalline margin and from A. nana in the larger ascospores and the longer, flexuose lirellae; G. rosalbinana with lirellae becoming striate, completely carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, small, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid; differing from G. schiffneri in the shape and disposition of the lirellae; G. santanderiana with entire lirellae, laterally carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, small, transversely septate ascospores, and lacking secondary substances; differing from G. imshaugii in the laterally carbonized excipulum and lack of secondary substances; G. solmariana with entire lirellae, laterally carbonized excipulum, clear hymenium, large, transversely septate ascospores, and stictic acid; differing from G. sitapurensis in the basal thalline margin and the broader ascospores. A remarkably high number of new species are from high altitude andine forest and paramo, habitats previously not believed to be rich in Graphis species.
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Guerrero, Rodrigo, and Pedro Rovetto. "The teaching of medicine at Universidad del Valle." Colombia Medica 41, no. 4 (January 26, 2011): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cm.v41i4.720.
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The first formal attempt for medical education in Valle del Cauca was in the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery in Buga, which was part of the Colegio Académico between 1866 and 1871. It only had one graduating class of ten physicians in 1871. Its foundation was contemporaneous with the faculties of medicine at Universidad de Antioquia and Universidad del Cauca; the reasons for its prompt disappearance are unknown. The professional training concerns of the región were maintained through the creation of the Sociedad de Medicina del Cauca (Cauca Medical Society) in 1887, which gave rise to the Boletín de Medicina del Cauca (Cauca Medical Newsletter) (1887-1910) which published the works of Evaristo García and his partners Daniel Quijano Wallis, Pedro Pablo Scarpetta, Agustín Escobar, Enrique Garcés, Adolfo Tenorio, and Pablo García Aguilera, among others. The need to create a school of medicine in Cali was aired since the 1940s among trade groups at the Colegio Médico del Valle (Valle Medical School), although some thought that the warm climate in Cali was not suitable for intellectual development because such required cold environments like those in the Cundinamarca and Boyacá plateau. History managed to reveal how wrong these believers of geographical determinism were. The Humphreys Mission, commissioned by the National Government in 1948, delivered a bleak report (1950) on medical education in Colombia suggesting the creation of new medical faculties, among them one in Valle del Cauca. Guillermo Orozco, a physician from Anserma and living in Cali, with support from the Colegio Médico del Valle, managed to get the Governor, physician Antonio Lizarazo, to expedite Decree 641 of 1950, ordering the creation of a faculty of medicine affiliated to the recently created Universidad del Valle. The University had been founded in 1945 with the name of Universidad Industrial del Valle del Cauca; the name was changed in 1954 to Universidad del Valle when the Dean of Medicine, Dr. Velásquez, was designated Departmental Secretary of Education. With support from Carlos Arturo Cabal, then Rector of the University, in November 1950, the Governor named Dr. Gabriel Velásquez Palau, a physician from Cali, as Dean of Medicine. Classes began on the 12th of October of 1951 with fifty students at the former convent of San Agustín already converted to Colegio de Santa Librada, located in Carrera 4 with calle 13; the medical practices took place at the San Juan de Dios Hospital. Excited by the collective dream of accomplishing a change in medical education, prestigious professors started arriving in Cali from many latitudes like Jorge Araújo Grau, Luis María Borrero, Plutarco Naranjo, Pelayo Correa, Carlos Restrepo, Jorge Escobar Soto, Miguel Gracián, Jaime Korgi, Carlos León, Lupi Sergio Mendoza, Santiago Rengifo, Vicente Rojo, and Carlos Sanmartín, among others. This group of adopted «Caleños» joined prestigious local physicians, many of them trained abroad with support from the Kellogg and Rockefeller Foundations, until forming a critical mass, a sort of athenaeum of the enlightened, which would change the Colombian and Latin American educational model, and even influence on the global educational model.
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Robayo-Sánchez, Laura Natalia, Alejandro Ramírez-Hernández, and Jesús Alfredo Cortés-Vecino. "Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1889 on collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) from the Andean region of Colombia." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 29, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612020071.
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Abstract Amblyomma nodosum is a Neotropical tick species distributed from Mexico to Argentina, with adult individuals infesting different mammal species, including anteaters (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae). Few reports in Colombia have recorded this species in departments such as Meta, Tolima and Valle del Cauca. In this paper we describe this species using taxonomic, morphometric and molecular methods after collecting individuals parasitizing collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) in the departments of Cundinamarca and Tolima. Adult specimens were identified based on current taxonomic keys and different morphometric variables were documented in nonengorged individuals. Also, DNA was extracted for PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA, COI and ITS2 genes. Phylogenetic trees were built. One hundred and thirty-four adult ticks were collected and identified as Amblyomma nodosum, based on morphological, morphometric, molecular and phylogenetic analyses. This is the first study to report the presence of this tick species in the department of Cundinamarca, using multiple identification approaches, thus expanding its geographical records in Colombia.
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Bautista-Montealegre, Luis Gabriel, Sebastián David García-Guzmán, and Martha Marina Bolaños-Benavides. "Relationship between soil fertility and plantain nutrition in Cundinamarca (Colombia) with the incidence of two bacterial diseases." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 14, no. 1 (June 12, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2020v14i1.9632.
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The bacteriosis and moko of plantain are ones of the most important phytosanitary problems in the production of musaceae in Colombia. To contribute to the management of these diseases in the department of Cundinamarca, soils and foliar tissues were analyzed, as well as the symptoms of the diseases in 149 farms of producers in the municipalities of Chaguani, La Palma, La Vega, and Viota (Cundinamarca). A descriptive analysis of the chemical properties of soils and foliar concentration of nutrients was carried out; the Student-Welch t-test was applied (P<0.05); the distribution patterns of the diseases were represented cartographically. According to the results obtained, the sampled soils are not saline, they have extreme to strong acidity, low effective cation exchange capacity and low fertility; meanwhile plants show a deficit of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, copper, zinc, and boron. Considering the total number of farms evaluated, the incidence of bacteriosis and moko disease was reported in 63 and 14% at the departmental level, respectively. A higher concentration of sulfur and zinc was observed in farm soils free of both diseases. Finally, plants reported as free of bacteriosis showed a higher concentration of potassium and lower concentrations of calcium and manganese; while plants reported as free of moko disease showed higher concentrations of nitrogen, sodium, and copper, and a lower concentration of calcium. The results obtained contribute to the planning of large-scale management strategies, in order to reduce the risk of dissemination of diseases of economic importance for plantain crop.
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Sánchez, Manuel, David López V., Gerhard Fischer, John Fabio Acuña C., and Aquiles Enrique Darghan. "Pesticide residues in strawberry fruits cultivated under integrated pest management and conventional systems in Cundinamarca (Colombia)." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 13, no. 1 (November 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2019v13i1.8409.
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Due to the high susceptibility of strawberry fruits to the attack of pests and diseases, a large amount of pesticides is applied during the crop cycle and harvest period. The inadequate use of these substances can generate residuals in agricultural products, which, through intake, pose a risk to human health. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the pesticide residues in strawberry fruits from two different production systems, distributed in the main producing areas of the Cundinamarca Department (Colombia). Eight samples of strawberry crops were collected in four producer municipalities (Guasca, Facatativa, Mosquera and Sibate), two to compare different systems (conventional production vs. production based on the Integrated Pest Management, IPM). Samples at a concentration of 394 molecules were examined by liquid and gas spectrometry. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the association between crop practices and the residual level in fruits. Twenty two different molecules were detected for the samples analyzed, with 37 detection events, of which eight were reported in IPM production systems and 29 in conventional producers. Results revealed a total of two molecules at excessive concentrations after Colombian regulations. Significant differences were found between the two production systems. This is attributable to the producers´ lack of knowledge and understanding about conventional management in Good Agricultural Practices, and the concepts of pesticide restriction period and residuality.
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Jurado-Rincón, Diego Alejandro, Linda Jeimmy Rincón-Rivera, Angela María Vargas-Berdugo, and Adriana González-Almario. "Partial sequencing of a putative Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus isolate detected on lettuce in Colombia." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 51 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632021v5168585.
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ABSTRACT Lettuce is the most cultivated leafy salad vegetable in Colombia, being the municipality of Madrid, in the Department of Cundinamarca, the second largest producer. In this region, lettuce plants with foliar symptoms characterized by brown necrotic spots forming an extended necrotic area, chlorosis, leaf distortion and plant stunting have been detected, possibly caused by a viral infection associated with the Orthotospovirus genus. This study aimed to identify the orthotospovirus species associated with those symptoms, contributing to updating the lettuce phytosanitary status in this region. The presence of orthotospovirus was confirmed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), although the sequence of the nucleocapsid (N) gene confirmed the presence of Alstroemeria necrotic streak orthotospovirus, disregarding the Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus and Impatiens necrotic spot orthotospovirus previously reported for this crop, being this its first report in lettuce crops in Colombia.
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Mendoza-Gómez, María F., Adriana Pulido-Villamarín, Angélica Barbosa-Buitrago, and Moisés Aranda-Silva. "Presence of gastrointestinal parasites in swine and human of four swine production farms in Cundinamarca- Colombia." Revista MVZ Córdoba, November 13, 2015, 5014–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.15.
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ABSTRACT Objectives. Determine the presence and the type of endoparasites with zoonotic potential in swine and human of two technified and two semi-technified farms in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materials and methods. Three serial samplings of feces were taken in a pen row within intervals of 15 days, in two technified and two semi-technified farms in different age groups distributed as follows: pregnant-sows, nursing-females, boars, weaners, suckling-piglets, and growing-pig. By means of informed consent thirty-three people agreed to enter the study. Thirty-three samples from men and women of different ages were received. The pool and individual samples of fecal were evaluated by direct analysis, qualitative flotation and sedimentation techniques and modified Ziehl- Neelsen stain. Results. For the porcine population, on the average, the results obtained from both technified farms showed that Balantidium coli (42%), Endolimax nana (21.9%) and Iodamoeba bütschlii (7.8%) were the most common parasites. In semi-technified farms they were: Entamoeba coli (40%), Endolimax nana (35%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (25%) and Balantidium coli (5%). By means of the test chi2 it is possible to conclude that there is a significant difference between the parasites species and the type of farm. The results obtained in human showed the presence of parasites as: E. coli (42.2%), Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar (12.1%), E. nana (9.1%), B. coli (9.1%), I. bütschlii (3.0%) and Blastocystis hominis (3.0%). Conclusions. The presence of parasites such as Balantidium coli, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba bütschlii and Entamoeba coli in swine and human suggests a possible rotation of parasitic species between hosts.
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Londoño, Alicia, Perla Romero, and Germán Casas. "The association between armed conflict, violence and mental health: a cross sectional study comparing two populations in Cundinamarca department, Colombia." Conflict and Health 6, no. 1 (December 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-6-12.
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Jojoa-Jojoa, Jimena, Maira Wintaco M, Francisco Osorio R, Gloria Puerto-Castro, and Martha Guerrero-Guerrero. "First approach to molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in Colombia." Revista MVZ Córdoba, January 14, 2016, 5222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.32.
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ABSTRACT Objective. To investigate the presence of Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium species in samples of cattle and buffalo in Colombia, to start the molecular characterization of M. bovis in the country. Material and methods. 492 samples were collected from herds identified with the presence of infected animals through the PPD, by the Group of Bovine Tuberculosis ICA Colombian Agricultural Institute in eight departments of Colombia. Lymph nodes of head, thorax and abdomen, gross lesions of tissues with tuberculosis, nasal swabs, milk, blood and fresh cheeses were included. Samples were subjected to detection of Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacteria by conventional microbiological analysis and PCR-6110 and spoligotyping molecular assays. Results. In the samples analyzed especially in lymph nodes, Mycobacterium bovis was demonstrated with genotypes reported and not previously reported in the world, as well as M. tuberculosis in Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Boyacá and Magdalena departments. Conclusions. In Colombia there are at least 7 genotypes of M. bovis that are infected and sick cattle and buffalo from four different departments becoming serious threat to public health.RESUMEN Objetivo. Investigar la presencia de Mycobacterium bovis y otras especies de Mycobacterium en muestras de ganado bovino y búfalino en Colombia e iniciar la caracterización molecular de M. bovis en el país. Materiales y métodos. 492 muestras fueron recogidas de hatos identificados con presencia de animales infectados a través de la prueba de PPD, por el Grupo de Tuberculosis Bovina del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA en ocho departamentos de Colombia. Se incluyeron ganglios linfáticos de cabeza, tórax y abdomen, tejidos con lesiones macroscópicas de tuberculosis, hisopos nasales, leche, sangre y quesos frescos. Las muestras se sometieron a investigación de Mycobacterium bovis y otras micobacterias mediante el análisis microbiológico convencional y pruebas moleculares de PCR-IS6110 y spoligotyping. Resultados. En las muestras analizadas especialmente en los ganglios linfáticos, se evidenció Mycobacterium bovis con genotipos reportados y no reportados previamente en el mundo, así como M. tuberculosis en los departamentos de Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Magdalena y Boyacá. Conclusiones. En Colombia existen al menos 7 genotipos de M. bovis que se encuentran infectando y enfermando a bovinos y bufalinos de cuatro diferentes departamentos del país constituyéndose en seria amenaza para la salud pública.