Academic literature on the topic 'Cura informal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cura informal"
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Ellenbogen, Kirsten. "The Convergence of Informal Science Education and Science Communication." Curator: The Museum Journal 56, no. 1 (January 2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12002.
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Akiva, Thomas, Christian D. Schunn, and Marti Louw. "What Drives Attendance at Informal Learning Activities? A Study of Two Art Programs." Curator: The Museum Journal 60, no. 3 (July 2017): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12206.
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Ash, Doris. "Positioning Informal Learning Research in Museums within Activity Theory: From Theory to Practice and Back Again." Curator: The Museum Journal 57, no. 1 (January 2014): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12054.
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Letourneau, Susan M., Dorothy Bennett, Katherine McMillan Culp, Priya Mohabir, Dana Schloss, ChangChia James Liu, and Margaret Honey. "A Shift in Authority: Applying Transformational and Distributed Leadership Models to Create Inclusive Informal STEM Learning Environments." Curator: The Museum Journal 64, no. 2 (April 2021): 363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12418.
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Scheffer, Josiane Cristina, Indiara de Mesquita Fialho, and Alessandro da Silva Scholze. "Itinerários de cura e cuidado de idosos com perda auditiva." Saúde e Sociedade 18, no. 3 (September 2009): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902009000300017.
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A perda auditiva é um dos problemas de saúde que mais limitam a qualidade de vida da crescente população idosa do país e, como em outras situações de doença, buscam-se diferentes formas de solucionar o problema, envolvendo ou não os serviços de saúde formais. Este estudo qualitativo-exploratório visou compreender os itinerários de cura e cuidado de um grupo de idosos com perda auditiva. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com sujeitos com prescrição médica para uso de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual (AASI) e que frequentavam um grupo de apoio a idosos em um serviço de audiologia. Os dados foram apresentados em duas categorias de análise: 1) A percepção da perda auditiva pelos sujeitos e seus familiares; 2) Itinerários de cura e cuidado. Os relatos apontaram as implicações negativas da perda auditiva no convívio com seus familiares. Observamos a busca de soluções nos setores informal, popular e profissional. Em todas as situações, os sujeitos relataram a busca da "cura", não encontrada em nenhum desses setores. No setor profissional, receberam indicação do AASI como única "solução". Identificamos a dificuldade de acesso ao tratamento indicado e a falta de apoio e acompanhamento após a aquisição do AASI. Como aspectos positivos, houve a participação no grupo de idosos e uma estratégia que propiciou acolhimento, compreensão da doença e adesão ao tratamento. Compreender o problema de saúde a partir da forma como o idoso vê sua doença pode melhorar a comunicação entre profissional de saúde e paciente, essencial em qualquer encontro no sistema de saúde.
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Käercher, Karen Ambrozi, and Monalisa Dias De Siqueira. "“Com açúcar e com afeto”: o trabalho invisibilizado das mulheres costureiras." Século XXI: Revista de Ciências Sociais 9, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 876–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236672536061.
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Diferentes saberes e fazeres como a cura, o partejar, o cozinhar, o bordar e a costura foram reservados às mulheres nos espaços subalternos. Apesar de ter se tornado sinônimo de isolamento feminino, o espaço doméstico foi ao longo dos anos organizado e governado pelas próprias mulheres. Tornando-se, desta forma, um lócus de conhecimento, mesmo que não evidente. Este artigo versa, especificamente, sobre o saber fazer da costura e os aspectos que o fazem invisibilizados no mundo do trabalho. Para tanto, abordamos o processo de regulamentação da profissão de costureira em um diálogo com as narrativas das interlocutoras e as teorias desenvolvidas no âmbito sócio-antropológico dos ofícios e profissões. Dentre os aspectos que sujeitam tal saber fazer ao âmbito informal, observamos que a tarefa intermitente de cuidar é um importante ponto de partida para compreender este universo. Discutimos, igualmente, a forma como os saberes e fazeres, o cuidado, o afeto e as emoções confundem-se com o papel das mulheres no mundo.
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Rocha, Hortênsia Coutinho da, Zeni Carvalho Lamy, Lia Cardoso de Aguiar, Joama Gusmão Pereira Moreira, Marina Uchoa Lopes Pereira, Yanca Lacerda Albuquerque, Tadeu de Paula Souza, and Fernando Lamy Filho. "Busca por cuidados de saúde: itinerário terapêutico de crianças egressas de unidades neonatais." Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde 34 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2021.11708.
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Objetivo: Compreender os caminhos percorridos por mães e cuidadoras na busca pelo cuidado de crianças egressas de unidades neonatais. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo e exploratório, realizado entre maio e junho de 2018, com mães e cuidadoras de crianças nascidas entre 2014 e 2015, egressas de duas unidades neonatais públicas de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Realizaram-se 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas, e se utilizou análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Apreenderam-se três categorias que evidenciam possíveis caminhos percorridos para o cuidado, perpassando, em sua maioria, pelos três setores: “O setor informal como ponto de partida para o cuidado”, “O uso do setor popular como prática de cura”, “O uso do setor profissional: alternativa para consulta”. Resultados: O setor informal foi o mais relatado pelas cuidadoras. Em geral, a primeira escolha era pela automedicação orientada de forma transgeracional, pelas avós. O uso do setor popular foi influenciado pelo conhecimento prévio das famílias e sua percepção do processo saúde-doença. A cultura biomédica perpassou os três setores e influenciou na construção do itinerário terapêutico. No setor profissional identificou-se vínculo frágil, principalmente na atenção primária. Conclusão: Os caminhos percorridos por mães e cuidadoras de egressos de unidades neonatais apontaram sobreposição da medicalização em detrimento dos saberes populares. Acolher e manejar os repertórios sociais e culturais das famílias pode contribuir para fortalecer vínculos terapêuticos com o setor profissional. A Atenção Primária à Saúde precisa ser fortalecida para garantir a qualificação do cuidado às crianças.
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Silva, Wagner De Jesus, and Milene Maria Da Silva-Castro. "O conhecimento quilombola e as plantas medicinais como recurso didático para o ensino de ciências." ODEERE 4, no. 8 (December 30, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/odeere.v4i8.5769.
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A utilização das plantas pela espécie humana ocorre das mais variadas maneiras, principalmente, na alimentação, vestimenta, no tratamento e cura de doenças. Dentre os grupos culturais que usam as plantas medicinais, encontram-se os povos remanescentes dos quilombos. O conhecimento que os quilombolas possuem é baseado em valores, símbolos, crenças e mitos. Hábitos e costumes estão diretamente envolvidos com o ambiente e esta relação permitiu que estas comunidades acumulassem conhecimentos. Deste modo, a Lei nº 10.639/2003 tornou obrigatório o ensino sobre História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira em instituições de ensino. Assim, o presente relato de experiência foi realizado por intermédio de uma intervenção, desenvolvida em três encontros e uma visita à UESB, sendo um conjunto de atividades mediadas pelo professor, que permite aos discentes questionar, sanar dúvidas e realizar ações. Assim, as visitas ao HUESB e ao LPN contribuíram para que os estudantes fizessem uma associação entre o conhecimento popular e o conhecimento científico e entendessem como esses estão entrelaçados, bem como perceber a relevância de ambos os conhecimentos para a história da Ciência.
Palavras-chave: Educação informal; Pedagogia crítica; Educação Quilombola.
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Frenzel, Fabian. "Tourism and informal encounters in Cuba." Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 16, no. 1 (October 11, 2016): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2016.1237955.
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Dahhur, Astrid, and Diádiney Helena de Almeida. "Introdução." Tematicas 28, no. 55 (August 18, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/tematicas.v28i55.14098.
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A busca pelo reconhecimento social nas questões de saúde ainda é um campo de experiências e de diálogos entre a biomedicina e outras formas de curar. As práticas de cura populares, assim como o uso da flora na composição de medicamentos e remédios caseiros e práticas advindas da medicina oriental, informam uma diversidade de saberes e de respostas às dores e às doenças que estão presentes nas relações cotidianas e interferem na forma como os procedimentos médicos são compreendidos e incorporados pelos pacientes no mundo atual.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cura informal"
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Lloyd, Ainsley Marie. "THE INFORMAL HOUSING ECONOMY IN CUBA: PROSPECTS FOR PRIVATIZATION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192536.
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Ubeda, Bonet Inmaculada. "Calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares: Evaluación mediante un cuestionario." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2081.
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Los objetivos generales del estudio han sido evaluar la calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares de personas dependientes en el domicilio, así como elaborar y validar una versión reducida del cuestionario ICUB97©.Los sujetos de estudio han sido 240 cuidadores familiares de personas dependientes en el domicilio de la provincia de Barcelona
Las variables de estudio han sido: Características de la persona dependiente y del cuidador, cuidados que presta el cuidador para ayudar a la persona dependiente y repercusiones que ocasiona el cuidar en el cuidador familiar.
El instrumento de medición ha sido el cuestionario ICUB97©.
Para reducir el número de ítems del cuestionario original ICUB97©, se ha realizado un Análisis Factorial de Componentes Principales (ACP). Posteriormente se ha procedido a la validación de la versión reducida del cuestionario ICUB97© (validez de constructo, de contenido y de criterio). Finalmente se ha verificado la practicabilidad de la versión reducida, administrándolo a una muestra de cuidadores familiares de personas dependientes en el domicilio para evaluar el grado de comprensión del mismo y el tiempo requerido para su administración.
Los resultados hallados permiten presentar las siguientes conclusiones referentes a la calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares:
- Los cuidadores familiares (esencialmente mujeres, de mediana edad) realizan cuidados instrumentales, cuidados personales relacionados con las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y cuidados de tipo psicosocial para aten-der a su familiar dependiente.
- Los cuidadores familiares manifiestan que cuidar les provoca problemas físicos, manifestaciones psicológicas, dificultades en la gestión de su tiempo, menos relaciones sociales, alteraciones familiares y han visto reducida su economía.
- Las mujeres cuidan más que los hombres y perciben peor calidad de vida que éstos. La magnitud de cuidados y la afectación en la calidad de vida de los cuidadores aumenta a medida que aumenta en nivel de dependencia de la persona cuidada y en aquellos casos en los que el cuidador presta cuidados a un familiar con una enfermedad neurodegenerativa. La percepción de una mala salud por parte del cuidador, la magnitud de cuidados y unas relaciones difíciles con el enfermo influyen en una peor calidad de vida del cuidador.
- Las variables más predictivas de sobrecarga en el cuidador son el nivel de dependencia para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria de la persona cuidada, los cuidados que realiza el cuidador para ayudar en el descanso y en la comunicación del enfermo, la edad del cuidador y por último los cuidados que realiza el cuidador para ayudar al enfermo en el movimiento.
Las conclusiones referentes a la elaboración y validación de una versión reducida del cuestionario ICUB97© son:
- El análisis factorial realizado ha permitido la elaboración de la versión reducida del cuestionario ICUB97©. Se han obtenido tres factores referentes a los cuidados que presta el cuidador y tres factores referentes a las repercusiones en la calidad de vida del El cuestionario reducido se denomina ICUB97-R.
- El cuestionario ICUB97-R ha demostrado una validez de constructo al haberse contrastado un gran número de las hipótesis planteadas.
- El cuestionario ICUB97-R ha demostrado su validez de criterio, en tanto en cuanto se han obtenido unas correlaciones entre constructos semejante o incluso iguales entre la versión reducida y el cuestionario original.
- Tanto el cuestionario ICUB97© como el cuestionario ICUB97-R presentan una elevada consistencia interna.
- El cuestionario ICUB97-R ha demostrado ser preciso, y breve, ya que su cumplimentación requiere solamente entre 8 - 10 minutos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Cuidadores familiares, cuidado informal, sobrecarga del cuidador, cuestionario ICUB97©, validación de cuestionarios.
General objectives of the study were familiy caregivers' quality of life assessment as well as the validation of a reduced version of the questionnaire ICUB97©.
Subjects of study were 240 family caregivers of dependent persons living in Barcelona area.
Variables studied were: dependent person identification data, familiy caregiver identification data, cares given by the caregiver to help the dependent person to fulfill its 14 fundamental needs acording to V. Henderson (1978) conceptual frame and caregiving consequences upon family cargivers.
ICUB97© questionnaire was the measuring instrument both for cares given as well as for caregiving consequences upon family caregivers.
In order to reduce the number of items in the original ICUB97© questionnaire, a Factorial Analysis of Main Components Principales was performed. Then an ICUB97© reduced version was validated.
The results found lead to the following conclusions about family caregivers quality of life:
- Family caregivers think that caregiving induces on them physical and psychological troubles, time managing difficulties and implies less social relations, family disturbances and economic problems.
- Women are more frequently caregivers than men and experience a worse quality of life than them. Care intensity and quality of life troubles increase with the dependency level of the cared person and when his/her health problem is a neurodegenerative one. The caregiver quality of life is perceived as worse when he or she feels that his health is bad, there is a lot of care to do and the relationship with the cared person is bad.
Conclusions about design and validation of a reduced version of the ICUB97© questionnaire are:
- The reduced version of the ICUB97© questionnaire was produced after the results of a factorial analysis. Three factors were found to be related to the cares given and also three were related to the effects of caregiving upon caregivers' health. The reduced questionnaire was named ICUB97-R.
- ICUB97-R questionnaire showed its validity as many of the hypothesis could be verified and because a high degree of correlation was found with the original questionnaire.
- Both ICUB97© and ICUB97-R showed a high internal consistency.
- ICUB97-R questionnaire has shown to be precise and short enough to be easy to administer.
KEY WORDS: Family cargivers, informal care, care burden, ICUB97© questionnaire, Questionnaire validation
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Jacobs, Matt D. "The unforeseen consequences of informal empire the United States, Latin America, and Fidel Castro, 1945-1961 /." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/jacobsm/mattjacobs.pdf.
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Wahlström, Sara Charlotte. "Insight Cuba : A Reflection Rapport and Three Features Connected to Cuban Economy." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation (JMK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169760.
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Cuba! The name alone connotes many things for people be it rum & cigarrs, old Chevys & colonial buildings, Hemingway & Daquires, Castro & communism, Salsa & Reaggaton, parties & calm life, blue oceans & white sandy beaches, poverty & oppression. As a tourist destination Cuba is sold as a country caught up in a time capsule. Visit before it is too late, before it forever changes (Culturetrip 2017). When we read or hear about Cuba in the news its usually when extraordinary events are being covered such as President Obamas visit in 2016, the death and funeral of Fidel Castro in the same year or after hurricane Irma hit the island in 2017. The image we get, on our side of the world, is often fragmented and without an understanding of the context. This study consists of three reports connected to the Cuban economy. They have been written in an attempt to creat a different type of journalism - slow news journalism. Instead of using journalism as a way to extract specific information during a specific event the aim has been to extract conceptions of the lived world by using qualitative methods like participant observation and spending time with Cubans in their own society for a longer period of time. The information has unfolded with and through time during fieldwork in Cuba, rather than having been created from a set of already determined priories before leaving Sweden. The aim has been to find out what Cuban people (in Cuba) think is important in their daily life. What matters to them? What problems are they facing everyday and how do they cope with some of the daily challenges presented to them? Are Cubans living their lives cut off from the rest of the world? One of the most discussed or talked about issues in society was connected and related to the economy, which is why the reports focus on this subject. The reports take an economic insight from different perspectives in an attempt to show that the economy effect people differently depending on where they are situatedgeographically, economically, spatial, and societal in cuban society.Skänkta cyklar får nytt liv på Kuba- Tells the story of a Norweigan aid project in the cuban province Artemisa. What does a bike mean for a family in Cuba? Can everone afford and get one? What do bikes have to do with the cuban economy? Ekonomin, en av de största utmaningarna på Kuba- Tells the story of the informal and formal market in Cuba. Why are so many Cubans traveling abroad for business? How does the Cuban economy effect people’s daily lives and how do they face the challenges presented to them? Utbredd sexturism på Kuba- Tells the story of sex tourism on the island with the help of interviews with sex byers, jineteiras and procurers. What does the relationship between foreigners (Yumas) and cubans look like?
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Spaton, Goppers Julia. "“Si tienes un amigo, tienes un central” : A Field Study of the act of informal gift exchanges and social networks between patients and medical staff, in Cuba’s public healthcare system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384812.
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This thesis explores the act of informal reciprocal exchanges and relationships - sometimes referred to as bribes or corruption - within the Cuban healthcare system. The research was conducted in Havana during the autumn of 2018 and was funded by a Minor Field Study scholarship from SIDA. The theoretical framework of Institutionalism is used to answer the research question: For what reasons do patients informally pay for healthcare services, that formally are meant to be free? The study shows through qualitative interview methods, that the perception of informal gift giving varies between the respondents; some consider it to be a way of showing gratitude, while others claim it to be corruption. There was however consensus among the respondents, and also according to previous research, that one’s personal connections within the healthcare system can impact the quality of the services and grant better access to medical resources. The study concludes that gifts can function as a factor creating or strengthening friendships, which may provide better access to healthcare.Esta tesis explora la acción de intercambios y relaciones recíprocas e informales — a veces llamadas soborno, o corrupción — al interior del sistema de salud en Cuba. La investigación fue desarrollada en La Havana durante el otoño de 2018 y fue financiada mediante una beca del programa de Breves Estudios de Campo de la Agencia Sueca de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (Asdi). El estudio hace uso del esquema teórico del institucionalismo para responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿por qué razón los pacientes están dispuestos a pagar informalmente por servicios de salud supuestamente gratuitos? El estudio muestra, mediante el método de entrevistas, que la percepción del presente informal varía entre los entrevistados; algunos lo consideran una manera de mostrar gratitud, mientras que otros lo consideran una forma de corrupción. Sin embargo, existe consenso entre los entrevistados, y también de acuerdo a investigaciones anteriores, en que el acceso a relaciones personales dentro del sistema de salud puede influenciar la calidad del servicio, y asegurar mejor acceso a recursos médicos. El estudio concluye que los obsequios pueden funcionar como una manera de crear o fortalecer amistades — una función importante en la vida de los cubanos — lo que puede resultar en un mejor acceso al servicio de salud.
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Busquets, Surribas Montserrat. "Autonomía e información en el proceso de atención sanitaria a mujeres con cáncer de mama y hombres con enfermedad coronaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404279.
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Esta tesis profundiza en la relación entre la información sanitaria y la autonomía de la persona enferma. La autonomía implica reconocer el derecho de la persona a tomar las decisiones relativas a su salud y, por ello, el derecho al acceso a la información clínica de forma veraz y adaptada. En el marco teórico la tesis analiza la aportación de la bioética al respeto por la autonomía de la persona y, desde la discusión de diferentes formas de comprender la autonomía y la atención sanitaria, plantea diferentes formas y contenidos de la información que proporcionan los profesionales. Sin embargo el debate sobre la información al enfermo, su utilidad, los momentos adecuados para realizarla, la participación de las familias, el significado de la veracidad, etc., no es solo una cuestión teórica, ni está zanjado. Por ello es necesario contar con la experiencia de personas enfermas al respecto.
Con el objetivo investigar la experiencia de personas respecto a la información recibida durante todo su proceso de atención sanitaria la tesis plantea tres preguntas: ¿cuál es el significado y la utilidad que tiene la información para las personas atendidas, que dan los profesionales de la salud?, ¿cuáles son las ayudas o dificultades para la obtención y comprensión de la información?, ¿cuál la experiencia respecto a información que se recibe de asociaciones de pacientes y grupos de autoayuda?. Para su respuesta se realizaron 20 entrevistas en profundidad y 2 grupos focales, a mujeres con cáncer de mama y hombres con enfermedad coronaria. Ambas enfermedades conllevan malas noticias, precisan cantidad de información, plantean difíciles decisiones y implican cambios de vida. Los resultados se agruparon en torno a 3 dimensiones: el proceso de información, las ayudas y barreras y el papel de los grupos de autoayuda, que se desmenuzan en 9 categorías y 27 subcategorías.
La información fue señalada como un aspecto clave para comprender y dar sentido a la experiencia de vida que implica la enfermedad y como esencial para tomar decisiones y afrontar la vida cotidiana con seguridad. Los informantes quisieron recibir información y participar activamente en su proceso de tratamiento y cuidado, expresaron el beneficio de la participación de la familia pero rechazaron ser substituidos por ellos en la información y decisiones. Expresaron que en general la información que obtuvieron fue estandarizada, centrada en la enfermedad y focalizada en el consentimiento informado. Las enfermeras tuvieron un papel ambiguo, muy condicionado al tipo de organización sanitaria. Como actitudes profesionales que favorecían la comprensión señalaron la disponibilidad y escucha, la simpatía y la demostración de interés, como actitudes negativas definieron las manifestaciones de poder y el uso de tecnicismos, la no escucha, no dar importancia a las emociones y la necesidad de tener que preguntar para obtener información. Los informantes señalaron la influencia de gestión en la relación clínica, sobre todo en la escasez de profesionales y su movilidad.
El trabajo plantea 7 conclusiones:
1. La necesidad de avanzar en la comprensión de la autonomía relacional.
2. La relevancia de la veracidad como norma en la información.
3. La escasa validez ética actual del consentimiento informado que plantea dudas sobre su obtención y sobre la utilidad de los documentos de consentimiento.
4. La necesidad de comprender mejor papel de la familia en tanto que acompañante pero no substituta de las decisiones.
5. La centralidad de la conducta profesional como vehículo de los valores y principios éticos.
6. La responsabilidad ética de las instituciones en compaginar la eficiencia del sistema con la necesidad de ayuda de las personas.
7. La fiabilidad de la información que dan las asociaciones y grupos de autoayuda.This thesis analyses the contribution of bioethics in respect to patient autonomy and patient rights to the health care information received. The influence of different ways of understanding autonomy and health care in the forms and contents of information and clinical relationship is discussed. With the objective of researching the experience of the patients, the thesis proposes three questions: what is the meaning and the usefulness of information given by health care professionals? what are the aids or benefits and the difficulties in obtaining and understand this information? what is the information received from patients associations?. 20 extensive interviews and 2 focus groups were performed in which participants were women with breast cancer and men with coronary disease. Both diseases carry bad news, the patients need a big amount of information, they bring up difficult decisions and they imply daily life changes. The results were classified in 3 groups, 9 categories and 27 sub categories. The participants pointed out the utility of the information to understand and give sense to their experience, and underlined its importance to face daily life and the possibility for them to be able to take safe decisions. The participants wanted to receive the information and they participated actively and refused to be replaced by family members. However in general, the information obtained was standardized, focused on the disease and on obtaining informed consent. As positive professional attitudes, patients pointed out aspects such as the availability of the professionals, being listened to, the friendliness and the demonstrated interest. As negative professional attitudes they pointed out manifestations of power, the use of technical language, the professionals not listening to the patient, and not giving information. The participants pointed out the influence of the management on the clinic relation, specifically in the short number of professionals and there mobility. The work raises 7 conclusions: 1. The need to advance in the understanding of relational autonomy. 2. The relevance of veracity as a rule in information. 3. The current low ethical validity of informed consent raises doubts about the obtaining and utility or such consent documents. 4. The need to better understands the role of the patient's family whit an accompaniment role, and not letting them take the decisions for the patient. 5. The importance of professional conduct that demonstrate ethical values and principles. 6. The ethic responsibility of the institutions combining the efficiency of the system with the need of people's help. 7. The reliability of information provided by associations and self-help groups.
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Adam, Jonathan. "Analyzing Function and Potential in Cuba's El Paquete : A Postcolonial Approach." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229990.
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The dire state of Cuban internet connectivity has inspired local informal innovations. One such innovation is El Paquete, a weekly distribution of downloaded content spread through an informal network. Taking a postcolonial approach, I investigate through user experiences how this network operates in a resource-poor environment. This investigation articulates a model of El Paquete centered on social interactions, which inform the system’s function but also shape El Paquete’s design and role in society. Based on this model, a set of speculative design exercises probe possibilities to streamline El Paquete’s compilation, involve consumer preferences in its design directions, or act as a disruption tolerant network. In uncovering the technical possibilities of El Paquete, these designs illuminate how its current design serves Cuban communities by embodying realities and limitations of Cuban society. El Paquete’s embodiment of informal innovation serves as a call to designers to continuously rethink development design processes, centering communities and their knowledge and technical practices.Det kritiska tillståndet för den kubanska internetanslutningen har inspirerat flertalet informella lokala innovationer. Ett exempel på en sådan innovation är El Paquete, vars lösning går ut på distribution av nedladdat innehåll som sprids veckovis genom ett informellt nätverk. Jag har undersökt hur detta nätverk fungerar i en resursfattig miljö genom att undersöka användarupplevelser ur ett postkolonialt perspektiv. I denna undersökning framförs en modell av El Paquete som inriktas på sociala interaktioner, vilket utgör systemets funktioner men som också formar El Paquete’s design och samhällsroll. Baserat på denna modell undersöks möjligheterna till att effektivisera El Paquete’s sammanställning, genom ett antal olika spekulativa designövningar som inkluderar konsumentpreferenser i designinriktning, eller som ett avbrottstolerant nätverk. Dessa designer belyser hur dagens tekniska möjligheter med El Paquete är till nytta för kubanska samhällen genom förkroppsligandet av deras verklighet och begränsningar. El Paquete’s förkroppsligande av informell innovation fungerar som en uppmaning till designers att kontinuerligt ompröva utvecklingen av designprocesser som fokuserar på samhällets kunskap och tekniska praxis.
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López, Domínguez José. "Vivencias y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los cuidadores formales e informales de personas mayores dependientes institucionalizadas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457194.
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El planteamiento genérico de este estudio parte de la inquietud y la reflexión para conocer aspectos relacionados con el acto de cuidar a las personas mayores residentes institucionalizadas. La investigación se centra en los cuidadores formales (enfermeros/as) e informales (familiares), con la intención de buscar aspectos que pueden explicar condiciones de atención de calidad en el momento presente y en perspectivas de futuro.
Se defiende que los cuidadores formales e informales son una pieza clave en el cuidado de personas mayores dependientes, para poder hacer frente a sus necesidades diarias de salud, alimentación, higiene, compañía, relaciones sociales y emocionales, e incluso de afrontamiento de la muerte. Cuidar supone ofrecer conocimientos, destreza y habilidades estableciendo una relación de ayuda y confianza, entre la enfermera, el enfermo y la familia. Pero el acto de cuidar requiere esfuerzo, condiciones y actitudes que en su ausencia pueden afectar la calidad de vida de los cuidadores, e indirectamente la de las personas cuidadas.
El presente estudio describe las principales características, vivencias, valoraciones y calidad de vida relacionada con el estado de salud, de los cuidadores formales e informales que atienden a personas mayores ingresadas en una residencia geriátrica. Con la finalidad de aportar datos que puedan contribuir a mejorar la atención a la persona institucionalizada en una residencia y a sus cuidadores.
La aproximación a este objetivo se hace a través de un estudio, principalmente, cualitativo descriptivo, con algunas aportaciones cuantitativas. El método de investigación que se utiliza se basa en la fenomenología. Desde este paradigma cualitativo el método fenomenológico se fundamenta en la observación de los fenómenos tal como se presentan y la manera en que son vividos por las personas. Así, el estudio se fundamenta en el conocimiento derivado de las entrevistas personales llevadas a término por el investigador con los cuidadores formales e informales de personas mayores dependientes institucionalizadas en residencias geriátricas atendidas por Equipos de Atención Residencial (E.A.R), en Barcelona ciudad, en el distrito de Horta-Guinardó. Los instrumentos utilizados han sido un cuestionario (EuroQol-5D), validado para este ámbito, y una entrevista semiestructurada elaborada por el investigador. Se realizan 26 entrevistas individuales, 13 a cuidadoras formales y 13 a las cuidadoras informales, de personas mayores dependientes institucionalizadas. Para los cuidadores formales, las principales dimensiones estudiadas se centran en los factores sociodemográficos, características laborales y profesionales, concepto de situación terminal, y calidad de vida en relación a su salud. Para los cuidadores informales se incluyen factores como las vivencias del cuidador informal en el proceso de cuidar, valoración del contexto residencial y su auto-percepción de salud. Las entrevistas grabadas se transcriben sobre el aplicativo informático Atlas-ti que sirve de ayuda para la codificación del contenido de las respuestas y posteriores actividades de análisis.
Los resultados muestran que los cuidadores formales, mayoritariamente mujeres, son personas jóvenes, expertas y formadas. A los cuidadores formales el cuidado de las personas mayores les es gratificante, y experimentan satisfacción con la vida en general, el trabajo, la familia y las relaciones sociales. La mayoría aprecia la aportación emocional y humana en el cuidar que aportan los cuidadores informales, aunque son críticos con algunas de sus actuaciones. Poseen una buena capacitación profesional tanto a nivel de técnicas de enfermería como a nivel del cuidado de las personas mayores. Expresan manejarse bien en el afrontamiento del final de vida, aunque también expresan que el cuidado de las personas mayores les genera sentimientos de impotencia o pena, y les resulta difícil el control emocional. Las cuidadoras formales subrayan tres términos que valoran como cruciales en el acto de cuidar: crear un entorno amical, hacer sentir como en familia y mantener un buen nivel profesional. La carga de tareas burocráticas es lo que les resulta menos satisfactorio. La información sobre la percepción de la calidad de vida pone de manifiesto que la mayoría de las enfermeras gozan de buena salud o tienen dificultades moderadas de salud.
En cuanto a los cuidadores informales, también mayoritariamente mujeres, de media edad y jubiladas, casadas, con hijos. La mayoría con estudios medios o superiores. Todos valoran positivamente a las enfermeras que atienden a su familiar, y les atribuyen profesionalidad, experiencia y saber cuidar. Opinan tener experiencia de cuidar de familiares enfermos. La mayor parte de estas cuidadoras se sienten realizadas, y valoran positivamente los cuidados que ofrecen. Pero también advierten que el cuidar al familiar enfermo comporta, en general, altos niveles de distorsión en su vida personal y familiar, para algunas mujeres representa una doble jornada, desplazamientos, gastos y conflictos emocionales. Definen calidad de vida con aspectos relacionados, principalmente, con las condiciones de vida y de salud. La valoración personal de su calidad de vida pone de manifiesto que es buena. Todas las cuidadoras informales manifiestan que toman algún tipo de medicación relacionada con las enfermedades que padecen, principalmente dolor articular, de espalda e hipertensión arterial. Afirman que se cuidan lo suficiente y su atención sanitaria se circunscribe a las visitas médicas habituales. Manifiestan estar contentas con los servicios que presta la residencia, particularmente por el buen trato de los profesionales.
El estudio destaca en sus conclusiones algunos datos socio-demográficos de interés, la importancia de los factores motivacionales y emocionales del acto de cuidar, las opiniones mutuas entre cuidadores y la valoración del contexto residencial, la relevancia de abordar el momento de final de vida y el dominio de los cuidados paliativos, así como el valor de la calidad de vida y la salud de los cuidadores en la atención de las personas mayores.
Se espera que algunas reflexiones y cuestiones de este estudio puedan contribuir al diseño de nuevas investigaciones para promover la mejor calidad posible en el cuidado de las personas mayores. Sin obviar las limitaciones del trabajo, se defiende que las conclusiones expuestas cumplen con el propósito de ser productivas y útiles, en el sentido de ofrecer reflexiones que permitan plasmar nuevos objetivos para responder a los nuevos retos que plantea la sociedad en este ámbito.The generic approach of this study starts from the restlessness and the reflection to know aspects related to the act of caring to the institutionalized elderly people. The research focuses on formal (nurses) and informal (family member) caregivers, with the intention of looking for aspects that may explain quality care conditions in the present moment and in future perspectives. The present study describes the main characteristics, experiences, assessments and quality of life related to the health status of the formal and informal caregivers who care for elderly people, in order to provide data that can contribute to improve care for the institutionalized person in a residence and their caregivers. The approach to this objective is made through a research, mainly, qualitative descriptive, with some quantitative contributions. The research method is based on phenomenology. The study is based on the knowledge derived from personal interviews with the formal and informal caregivers of dependent elderly persons institutionalized in geriatric residences attended by Residential Care Teams (E.A.R) in an area of Barcelona city. The instruments used were a questionnaire (EuroQol-5D), and a semi-structured interview. There are 26 individual interviews, 13 for formal caregivers and 13 for informal caregivers. The results show that formal caregivers, mostly women, are young, skilled and trained. Formal caregivers care for the elderly are gratifying, and experience satisfaction with life in general, work, and social relationships. As for informal caregivers, also mostly women, middle-aged and retired, married, with children. Everyone values positively the nurses who care for their family member, and attribute them professionalism, experience and caring knowledge. They want to be happy with the services provided by the residence, particularly for the good treatment of the professionals. In conclusion, formal caregivers emphasize the importance of creating a family environment; Informal caregivers value positively the care they offer and inform they learned humanistic values in their caregiver-patient relationship; the future is based on active aging and person-centered approaches, and training professionals and family members will be important.
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Paula, Sonia Nascimento de. "Acessibilidade ? informa??o em bibliotecas universit?rias e a forma??o do bibliotec?rio." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2009. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/826.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-27The aim of this research is to identify subjects that lead on its contents and the accessibility in libraries. These will be identified by the analysis of the curricular structure and graduation course description of Library Science. The main subjects discussed are: Science of Information and the access to the information, historical aspects of accessibility, legislation and the student with disabilities, essential attributions of the library and librarians during the services offered to the university community, and the access of the student with disabilities in the university library. It was selected two programs of accessibility in Brazilian universities. They are: Acessibility Program from the PUC-Campinas (ProAces) and the Laboratory de Acessibility from UNICAMP. This study discusses problems, limits as well solutions met that make easier the access of the information in the university library to the student with disabilities. It was used a deductive and comparative method and this research is defined as exploratory and descriptive, using the bibliographic findings and the research at institution Websites that offer graduation courses recognized and authorized by the National Council of Education (CNE). This research intends to conclude this work knowing the basis offered to the librarian in the professional formation that make easier his actions in an efficient way in accessible university libraries. It will be done a proposal of a subject named accessibility to the information in university libraries.
O prop?sito desta pesquisa foi fazer um levantamento nos cursos de gradua??o de biblioteconomia para identificar disciplinas que trabalhem em seus conte?dos a acessibilidade a bibliotecas, atrav?s da an?lise da matriz curricular e ementas dos cursos. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral propor uma disciplina que ajude na forma??o do bibliotec?rio para o atendimento da pessoa com defici?ncia nas bibliotecas universit?rias. Temas abordados: a Ci?ncia da Informa??o e o acesso ? informa??o; aspectos hist?ricos da acessibilidade; legisla??o e a pessoa com defici?ncia; atribui??es dos bibliotec?rios nos servi?os prestados ? comunidade universit?ria; o acesso da pessoa com defici?ncia ? informa??o na biblioteca universit?ria. Dois programas de acessibilidade em bibliotecas universit?rias brasileiras foram analisados: Programa de Acessibilidade da PUC-Campinas (ProAces); Laborat?rio de Acessibilidade da UNICAMP (LAB), por serem refer?ncia na literatura da ?rea. A an?lise revelou barreiras e solu??es encontradas para facilitar o acesso ? informa??o do aluno com defici?ncia. O m?todo aplicado foi o comparativo dedutivo, tratando-se de pesquisa do tipo explorat?ria e descritiva, valendo-se da pesquisa bibliogr?fica e de pesquisa na Web (sites de Institui??es que oferecem cursos de gradua??o reconhecidos ou autorizados pelo Conselho Nacional de Educa??o (CNE). Ao concluir a pesquisa, apresenta-se a proposta de uma disciplina que envolva acessibilidade ? informa??o em bibliotecas universit?rias.
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Rivasplata, Martínez Ana Cecilia. "Informe sobre expediente de relevancia jurídica N° 1356-129-2007 CCL, arbitraje seguido entre SERVICIOS GENERALES DON CARLOS EIRL y MINERA YANACOCHA SRL, sobre contrato marco de suministro y aplicación del Iura Novit Curia en el arbitraje." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19572.
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En los últimos años, debido al crecimiento en el mercado de la necesidad de establecer
relaciones duraderas y, a la vez, flexibles que permitan asegurar un ritmo producción y
actividades comerciales, así como disminuir la inversión de tiempo y dinero en las
negociaciones entre las partes, ha surgido en la práctica nuevas figuras jurídicas tales
como los denominados “contratos normativos” o “contratos marco”.
Teniendo en cuenta ello, en el presente caso nos encontramos frente a una controversia
surgida con relación a dos contratos suscritos por YANACOCHA y DON CARLOS
(Contratos CV-001/2004 y CV 003/2005), los cuales las partes denominan contratos de
“compraventa”. Sin embargo, luego de haberse sometido la controversia sobre dichos
contratos a arbitraje, el Árbitro Único - apartándose de la calificación de dichos contratos
alegada por ambas partes durante todo el proceso arbitral- determinó en el laudo que su
naturaleza no corresponde a la de “contratos de compraventa” sino a la de “contratos
normativos de compraventa”, los cuales no generan verdaderas obligaciones para las
partes, por lo que resolvió que no se incurrió en incumplimiento contractual alguno.
En ese sentido, el objetivo del presente informe es corroborar a raíz del caso presentado,
si se han configurado los denominados “contratos normativos” – y/o “contratos marcos”-
, así como determinar si de dichos contratos se derivan verdaderas obligaciones para las
partes. Asimismo, en cuanto al arbitraje, se analiza si es posible que el Árbitro Único haya
aplicado el principio Iura Novit Curia, en tanto resolvió en base a una calificación del
derecho que no fue alegada por las partes durante el proceso.
El método de investigación aplicado al presente trabajo será uno argumentativo, ya que
se centrará en la descripción de las posiciones desarrolladas en doctrina, para así, en un
segundo momento, analizar los hechos materia de controversia y determinar la naturaleza
de los Contratos CV-001/2004 y CV 003/2005, así como si corresponde la aplicación del
principio iura novit curia en el arbitraje. Finalmente, de dicha investigación,
concluiremos principalmente lo siguiente:
1. La naturaleza jurídica de los Contratos CV-001/2004 y CV 003/2005 corresponde
a la de “contratos marco de suministro”.
2. Es posible aplicar el principio de Iura Novit Curia en el arbitraje.
Books on the topic "Cura informal"
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Simoni, Valerio. Tourism and informal encounters in Cuba. New York: Berghahn Books, 2015.
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Schey, H. M. Div, grad, curl, and all that: An informal text on vector calculus. 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997.
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Div, grad, curl, and all that: An informal text on vector calculus. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 1992.
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Div, grad, curl, and all that: An informal text on vector calculus. 4th ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005.
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Clealand, Danielle Pilar. De AQUÍ Pa’l Cielo. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632298.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 is a theoretical examination of black consciousness in Cuba and the dialogue that comes out of black communities, which often contradicts dominant ideologies. The two forms of ideological critique, formal and informal, are discussed as equally important to the study of black consciousness in Cuba. The chapter highlights everyday conversations and experiences with discrimination as key components of black consciousness. Despite the lack of institutions and networks that support dialogue and agency, blacks have managed, both formally and informally, to challenge the rhetoric from above and sustain a crucial narrative about racism in Cuba from the black perspective. There is an element of solidarity and group identity that stems from blacks’ marginal position not only in Cuba, but also throughout the Americas.
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More, Alison. The Western Schism, Observant Reform, and Institutionalization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807698.003.0004.
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Despite the regularization that occurred in the fourteenth century, communities of pious women who engaged with the secular world continued to flourish throughout Europe. While canon law still regarded these communities as laywomen, the regularizing efforts of those responsible for their cura meant that they were now enclosed, wore recognizable habits, and professed approved religious rules. As a result, these women were now virtually indistinguishable from traditional female monastics. This chapter explores the changes in the informal association of non-monastic houses with recognized religious orders from the end of the fourteenth century. As with much of the religious landscape at this time, this change was to be affected by both the Observant Reform movement and the Western Schism. In particular, this chapter looks at the continued influence of John XXIII’s Personas vacantes on communities of women in Flanders, Northern France, and Scotland.
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Div, Grad, Curl, and All That: An Informal Text on Vector Calculus. W. W. Norton & Company, 1996.
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Schey, H. M. Div, Grad, Curl, and All That: An Informal Text on Vector Calculus. W. W. Norton & Company, 1996.
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Clealand, Danielle Pilar. Todos Somos Cubanos, Pero No Todos Somos Iguales. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632298.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 is an examination of racist practices in Cuba and explores the commonality and nature of racial discrimination. This chapter begins the discussion of the bottom portion of the model to show how racism operates on the island. The economic crisis of the 1990s marked the first serious challenge to racial ideology in Cuba, as inequalities increased with significant racial dimensions. Racism and discrimination became much more visible, particularly to nonwhites. The chapter outlines some of the practices that have taken place to limit nonwhites’ opportunities in the emergent sector and how anti-black stereotypes have informed policy and practice. Using survey data, it demonstrates who is most likely to experience discrimination in Cuba and how.
Book chapters on the topic "Cura informal"
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Jerónimo Kersh, Daliany. "Informal Work: Cuentapropismo, La Lucha, and Jineterismo." In Women’s Work in Special Period Cuba, 131–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05630-8_6.
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Gold, Marina. "Conceptualizing Change in the Cuban Revolution." In Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation, 89–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65067-4_4.
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AbstractThis paper will consider two levels within the study of the Cuban revolution: the meta-narratives of change and continuity that determine the academic literature on Cuba and inform political positioning in relation to the revolution, and the methodological challenges in understanding how people in Cuba experience change and continuity in their daily life. Transformation and continuity have been the two dominant analytical tropes used to interpret Cuban social and political life since the overthrow of the Batista regime in 1959. For Cuban scholars and politicians, a focus on change in reference to what was Cuba’s reality before the Revolution is a continuous concern and a powerful discursive mechanism in redefining and reinvigorating the revolutionary project. Simultaneously, in periods of crisis throughout the 62 years since the revolution, the capacity to demonstrate continuity with revolutionary principles while developing new mechanisms to redefine the political project has ensured the revolution’s subsistence. Conversely, continuity and change are also harnessed by critics of Cuba’s current regime to articulate the ever-imminent collapse of socialism in the region. Change has been their main focus of concern during critical historic moments that affected the trajectory of the Cuban revolutionary project. From this perspective, change embodies a promise of progress and implies a movement toward liberal democracy and a pro-US foreign policy, while continuity denotes failure, stagnation, and repression. At the core of the analysis of change in Cuba lies a concern with the nature of the state. Ethnographic data reveals the partialities and contradictions people experience in their daily life and across time. Two elements of ethnographic experience are particularly informative: life histories that span across the revolutionary period, and generational conflicts surrounding political issues. I will focus on the life history of key informants and the generational conflicts that surround their experience, a well as their material contexts (their neighborhood, their house, their job), all of which help to elucidate the complexities of studying change within a permanent revolution.
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"Tourism in Cuba." In Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba, 33–49. Berghahn Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwzf2.7.
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"Partying and Seducing." In Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba, 149–64. Berghahn Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwzf2.13.
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"Conclusion." In Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba, 193–214. Berghahn Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwzf2.15.
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"Market Exchange and Hospitality." In Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba, 107–25. Berghahn Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwzf2.11.
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"Front Matter." In Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba, i—vi. Berghahn Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwzf2.1.
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"Getting in Touch." In Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba, 87–104. Berghahn Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwzf2.10.
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"Friendliness and Friendship." In Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba, 126–48. Berghahn Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwzf2.12.
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"Seduction and Commoditized Sex." In Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba, 165–92. Berghahn Books, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wwzf2.14.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cura informal"
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Hernandez-Gutierrez, Erick, Alonso Ramirez-Manzanares, Jose L. Marroquin, Mario Ocampo-Pineda, and Alessandro Daducci. "Cuda Parallelization of Commit Framework for Efficient Microstructure-Informed Tractography." In 2019 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2019.8759098.
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Japarova, Damira. "Health System Reform in Kyrgyzstan: Problems and Prospects." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00368.
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Today all over the world costs of medical services are growing and alternative ways of effective financing of health care are being researched.
During the reforms the Kyrgyz Republic introduced a system of compulsory medical insurance, the institution of family medicine and a "single payer" system. Methods of payment for hospital services flush to an artificial increase in the number of hospitalizations and unnecessary assignment of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
The main brake of health care reform is underfunding of sector. Improving health care is possible by limiting the free medical care. The replacement of free care by paid services occurs spontaneously, there are abuses and the shadow economy in health care.
The Compulsory medical insurance doesn’t have such terms as an accident, insurance risk, and the current model in Kyrgyzstan is not a real model of insurance and serves as a kind of state-funding health care. The most part of the population in rural areas is not involved in the payment of health insurance due to unemployment.
Patients pay a fee in addition to medication, and also carry out informal payments to doctors, that is, patient with co-payments have to repeatedly pay for the same medical service without a guarantee of a cure.
Taking into account the experience of other countries, the imposition of patient payment for their own care is more just to bringing the patient for his treatment.
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de Moraes, Marielle Barros, and Ariel S�nchez Espinoza. "A IMPORT�NCIA DA TEORIZA��O CR�TICA DE CURR�CULO PARA UMA NOVA CONSTRU��O E DESENVOLVIMENTO CURRICULAR NAS CI�NCIAS DA INFORMA��O NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE." In 11th CONTECSI International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management. TECSI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5748/9788599693100-11contecsi/comm-1002.
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Okafor, Emeka, and Brad Bass. "Modelling the Spread of Covid-19 in a Typical Oil and Gas Facility Setting." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207177-ms.
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Abstract The spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 in a typical oil and gas facility setting, the health of employees, their families and their communities, is of real concern to the industry. In this work, a suitable predictive, agent-based model is used to predict the spread of COVID-19 in different settings as well as to evaluate strategies to block the spread. The agent-based modelling work is based on the simulation platform, Complex Organization and Bifurcation Within Environmental Bounds, or COBWEB. COBWEB simulates how a system of autonomous agents adapts to variation and sudden changes in the resource base or other features of their environment. Previous COBWEB simulation results illustrate that the tool is useful for predicting the evolution of COVID-19 spread and the effectiveness of various preventive actions including self-isolation of symptomatic people, social/physical distancing, effective PPE use, and ‘shielding’ (physical isolation) of the high-risk population. We adapted model parameters to better represent uncertainty about what might be expected in such a setting, in particular by shifting the distribution of risk severity towards ineffective PPE use, self-isolation and poor social distancing, which expectedly shows upward trend of the spread of the COVID-19. Ultimately, governments and industry can apply the predicted trends, as well as apply the model to specific settings, to make more informed decisions on the additional measures and preventative strategies to curb the spread of COVID-19.
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Lijarcio Cárcel, José Ignacio, Ana Martí-Belda Bertolín, Patricia Boso Segui, and Consuelo López Osma. "Contribución de las aplicaciones móviles a la Seguridad vial. Drive Smart como ejemplo de aplicación." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3472.
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En los últimos años han proliferado las aplicaciones móviles que contribuyen, en diferentes aspectos, a mejorar la movilidad. En este contexto, se ha desarrollado la aplicación móvil Drive Smart, con el objetivo de analizar y mejorar el comportamiento del usuario al volante. A través de la utilización de dicha aplicación se obtiene un conjunto de datos que se transforman en un paquete de incidencias en la conducción, siendo éstas: velocidad, aceleración, frenada, paso por curva y anticipación al tráfico. Drive Smart analiza los eventos de tráfico registrados en el contexto en el que han ocurrido y como parte de una maniobra, más allá de la individualidad de un evento. Además, tiene la capacidad de asistir al conductor, dándole un informe posterior a su conducción que le sirva de autoformación y con consejos prácticos orientados a mejorar la conducta en temas particulares, mediante mensajes específicos de distintas tipologías (jurídico, eficiencia y sensibilizador). A través de este proyecto, se pretende demostrar la viabilidad y utilidad de los modernos mecanismos telemáticos en combinación con el estudio psicosociológico y las diversas técnicas de análisis estadístico de datos basados en Machine Learning. Los datos obtenidos de la aplicación móvil junto con datos sociodemográficos permiten obtener las principales variables de movilidad, además, pueden utilizarse para definir la base algorítmica en futuros estudios con mayor calado, teniendo una matriz estadística preliminar que permita generar procesos paralelos en el futuro.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3472
Reports on the topic "Cura informal"
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Keefer, Philip, and Benjamin Roseth. Grand Corruption in the Contracting Out of Public Services: Lessons from a Pilot Study in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003335.
Full textAbstract:
Do targeted transparency interventions reduce corrupt behavior when corrupt actors are few and politically influential; their behavior imposes small costs on numerous individuals; and corrupt behavior is difficult to observe? Results from a study of informal audits and text messages to parents, meant to curb corruption in the School Meals Program of Colombia, suggests that they can. Theory is pessimistic that transparency interventions can change the behavior of actors who exert significant influence over supervisory authorities. Moreover, inherent methodological obstacles impede the identification of treatment effects. Results substantiate the presence of these obstacles, especially considerable spillovers from treated to control groups. Despite spillovers, we find that parental and operator behavior are significantly different between treatment and control groups. Additional evidence explains why operator behavior changed: out of concern that systematic evidence of corrupt behavior would trigger enforcement actions by high-level enforcement agencies outside of the political jurisdictions where they are most influential.
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Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, Luz Adriana Flórez, Didier Hermida-Giraldo, Francisco Javier Lasso-Valderrama, Leonardo Fabio Morales-Zurita, José David Pulido, and Karen L. Pulido-Mahecha. Recuperación de la ocupación y dinámica reciente de la participación laboral. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rml.17.
Full textAbstract:
En la segunda mitad de 2020 el empleo continuó recuperándose, luego de su fuerte caída en el primer semestre. Sin embargo, en general, el mercado laboral todavía se encuentra bastante holgado como consecuencia de la crisis sanitaria por el covid-19, y muestra importantes disparidades entre grupos poblacionales y cambios en la composición de la ocupación. Respecto a las disparidades, las más notorias son las brechas de género, que se observan en ocupación, participación y desempleo. Por su parte, los cambios de composición del empleo son resultado de la recuperación más rápida de los segmentos no asalariado e informal vis a vis los segmentos asalariado y formal, algo previsible por su mayor flexibilidad y menores costos de entrada. Los ingresos laborales de los segmentos no asalariado e informal fueron los más afectados al inicio de la crisis y, aunque han registrado alguna recuperación, esta se debe fundamentalmente al aumento en sus horas trabajadas. La participación laboral también continúa recuperándose, pero los niveles siguen por debajo de los observados antes de la pandemia. Sin embargo, el crecimiento de la oferta laboral es menor que el de la ocupación, lo cual se ha visto reflejado en descensos consecutivos de la tasa de desempleo (TD). El ritmo de estos descensos, que fue importante al inicio de la recuperación del empleo, ha tendido a mermar en los últimos meses, dejando los registros de la TD en niveles aún considerablemente altos. Dadas estas altas TD y los bajos niveles que aún registran los índices de vacantes, la curva de Beveridge señala que el mercado laboral colombiano se encuentra significativamente holgado. Para 2021 se estima que la TD continuará decreciendo, aunque a un menor ritmo que el observado en la segunda mitad de 2020. Se espera que la TD nacional se ubique en promedio entre 12,5 % y 15,5 % en 2021, con 14 % como valor central. Las estimaciones de la TD de largo plazo consistente con una inflación estable (Nairu) sugieren una brecha de TD positiva de alrededor de 2,4 puntos porcentuales (pp) para 2021, por lo que la holgura del mercado laboral continuaría, aunque en menor grado que en 2020. Dado lo anterior, se esperaría que el mercado laboral no genere presiones al alza sobre la inflación durante 2021 por cuenta de costos salariales. Como es usual, este reporte se divide en dos secciones. En la primera se examinan en detalle los principales hechos coyunturales del mercado laboral. En la segunda se estudian los determinantes recientes de la participación laboral, y particularmente cómo la crisis sanitaria ha afectado la probabilidad de participación de distintos grupos poblacionales, de acuerdo tanto a sus características individuales como a las del hogar. Se encuentra que la pandemia provocó efectos negativos sobre la probabilidad de participar en mujeres, personas sin educación superior y pertenecientes a hogares con niños. En hogares con niños la pandemia aumenta la participación de hombres y reduce la de las mujeres, reflejando brechas importantes en la distribución de las actividades del cuidado. El efecto diferencial de la pandemia sobre las mujeres está concentrado en aquellas pertenecientes a hogares con niños, lo cual podría reflejar las limitaciones de los servicios de primera infancia y de los colegios durante la pandemia. A partir de este resultado se cuantifica la presión adicional sobre la oferta laboral y el desempleo que implicaría la total reapertura de estos servicios. Se estima que entre 159.000 y 205.000 mujeres regresarían a participar al mercado laboral, lo cual se traduciría en un aumento de la tasa global de participación entre 0,4 y 0,51 pp. En general, el efecto de este movimiento sobre el desempleo sería pequeño.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
Full textAbstract:
This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.