Journal articles: 'Cura informal'

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Ellenbogen, Kirsten. "The Convergence of Informal Science Education and Science Communication." Curator: The Museum Journal 56, no. 1 (January 2013): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12002.

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Akiva, Thomas, Christian D. Schunn, and Marti Louw. "What Drives Attendance at Informal Learning Activities? A Study of Two Art Programs." Curator: The Museum Journal 60, no. 3 (July 2017): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12206.

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Ash, Doris. "Positioning Informal Learning Research in Museums within Activity Theory: From Theory to Practice and Back Again." Curator: The Museum Journal 57, no. 1 (January 2014): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12054.

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Letourneau, Susan M., Dorothy Bennett, Katherine McMillan Culp, Priya Mohabir, Dana Schloss, ChangChia James Liu, and Margaret Honey. "A Shift in Authority: Applying Transformational and Distributed Leadership Models to Create Inclusive Informal STEM Learning Environments." Curator: The Museum Journal 64, no. 2 (April 2021): 363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cura.12418.

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Scheffer, Josiane Cristina, Indiara de Mesquita Fialho, and Alessandro da Silva Scholze. "Itinerários de cura e cuidado de idosos com perda auditiva." Saúde e Sociedade 18, no. 3 (September 2009): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902009000300017.

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A perda auditiva é um dos problemas de saúde que mais limitam a qualidade de vida da crescente população idosa do país e, como em outras situações de doença, buscam-se diferentes formas de solucionar o problema, envolvendo ou não os serviços de saúde formais. Este estudo qualitativo-exploratório visou compreender os itinerários de cura e cuidado de um grupo de idosos com perda auditiva. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com sujeitos com prescrição médica para uso de Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual (AASI) e que frequentavam um grupo de apoio a idosos em um serviço de audiologia. Os dados foram apresentados em duas categorias de análise: 1) A percepção da perda auditiva pelos sujeitos e seus familiares; 2) Itinerários de cura e cuidado. Os relatos apontaram as implicações negativas da perda auditiva no convívio com seus familiares. Observamos a busca de soluções nos setores informal, popular e profissional. Em todas as situações, os sujeitos relataram a busca da "cura", não encontrada em nenhum desses setores. No setor profissional, receberam indicação do AASI como única "solução". Identificamos a dificuldade de acesso ao tratamento indicado e a falta de apoio e acompanhamento após a aquisição do AASI. Como aspectos positivos, houve a participação no grupo de idosos e uma estratégia que propiciou acolhimento, compreensão da doença e adesão ao tratamento. Compreender o problema de saúde a partir da forma como o idoso vê sua doença pode melhorar a comunicação entre profissional de saúde e paciente, essencial em qualquer encontro no sistema de saúde.

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Käercher, Karen Ambrozi, and Monalisa Dias De Siqueira. "“Com açúcar e com afeto”: o trabalho invisibilizado das mulheres costureiras." Século XXI: Revista de Ciências Sociais 9, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 876–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236672536061.

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Diferentes saberes e fazeres como a cura, o partejar, o cozinhar, o bordar e a costura foram reservados às mulheres nos espaços subalternos. Apesar de ter se tornado sinônimo de isolamento feminino, o espaço doméstico foi ao longo dos anos organizado e governado pelas próprias mulheres. Tornando-se, desta forma, um lócus de conhecimento, mesmo que não evidente. Este artigo versa, especificamente, sobre o saber fazer da costura e os aspectos que o fazem invisibilizados no mundo do trabalho. Para tanto, abordamos o processo de regulamentação da profissão de costureira em um diálogo com as narrativas das interlocutoras e as teorias desenvolvidas no âmbito sócio-antropológico dos ofícios e profissões. Dentre os aspectos que sujeitam tal saber fazer ao âmbito informal, observamos que a tarefa intermitente de cuidar é um importante ponto de partida para compreender este universo. Discutimos, igualmente, a forma como os saberes e fazeres, o cuidado, o afeto e as emoções confundem-se com o papel das mulheres no mundo.

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Rocha, Hortênsia Coutinho da, Zeni Carvalho Lamy, Lia Cardoso de Aguiar, Joama Gusmão Pereira Moreira, Marina Uchoa Lopes Pereira, Yanca Lacerda Albuquerque, Tadeu de Paula Souza, and Fernando Lamy Filho. "Busca por cuidados de saúde: itinerário terapêutico de crianças egressas de unidades neonatais." Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde 34 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2021.11708.

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Objetivo: Compreender os caminhos percorridos por mães e cuidadoras na busca pelo cuidado de crianças egressas de unidades neonatais. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo e exploratório, realizado entre maio e junho de 2018, com mães e cuidadoras de crianças nascidas entre 2014 e 2015, egressas de duas unidades neonatais públicas de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Realizaram-se 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas, e se utilizou análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Apreenderam-se três categorias que evidenciam possíveis caminhos percorridos para o cuidado, perpassando, em sua maioria, pelos três setores: “O setor informal como ponto de partida para o cuidado”, “O uso do setor popular como prática de cura”, “O uso do setor profissional: alternativa para consulta”. Resultados: O setor informal foi o mais relatado pelas cuidadoras. Em geral, a primeira escolha era pela automedicação orientada de forma transgeracional, pelas avós. O uso do setor popular foi influenciado pelo conhecimento prévio das famílias e sua percepção do processo saúde-doença. A cultura biomédica perpassou os três setores e influenciou na construção do itinerário terapêutico. No setor profissional identificou-se vínculo frágil, principalmente na atenção primária. Conclusão: Os caminhos percorridos por mães e cuidadoras de egressos de unidades neonatais apontaram sobreposição da medicalização em detrimento dos saberes populares. Acolher e manejar os repertórios sociais e culturais das famílias pode contribuir para fortalecer vínculos terapêuticos com o setor profissional. A Atenção Primária à Saúde precisa ser fortalecida para garantir a qualificação do cuidado às crianças.

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Silva, Wagner De Jesus, and Milene Maria Da Silva-Castro. "O conhecimento quilombola e as plantas medicinais como recurso didático para o ensino de ciências." ODEERE 4, no. 8 (December 30, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/odeere.v4i8.5769.

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A utilização das plantas pela espécie humana ocorre das mais variadas maneiras, principalmente, na alimentação, vestimenta, no tratamento e cura de doenças. Dentre os grupos culturais que usam as plantas medicinais, encontram-se os povos remanescentes dos quilombos. O conhecimento que os quilombolas possuem é baseado em valores, símbolos, crenças e mitos. Hábitos e costumes estão diretamente envolvidos com o ambiente e esta relação permitiu que estas comunidades acumulassem conhecimentos. Deste modo, a Lei nº 10.639/2003 tornou obrigatório o ensino sobre História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira em instituições de ensino. Assim, o presente relato de experiência foi realizado por intermédio de uma intervenção, desenvolvida em três encontros e uma visita à UESB, sendo um conjunto de atividades mediadas pelo professor, que permite aos discentes questionar, sanar dúvidas e realizar ações. Assim, as visitas ao HUESB e ao LPN contribuíram para que os estudantes fizessem uma associação entre o conhecimento popular e o conhecimento científico e entendessem como esses estão entrelaçados, bem como perceber a relevância de ambos os conhecimentos para a história da Ciência. Palavras-chave: Educação informal; Pedagogia crítica; Educação Quilombola.

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9

Frenzel, Fabian. "Tourism and informal encounters in Cuba." Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 16, no. 1 (October 11, 2016): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2016.1237955.

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Dahhur, Astrid, and Diádiney Helena de Almeida. "Introdução." Tematicas 28, no. 55 (August 18, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/tematicas.v28i55.14098.

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A busca pelo reconhecimento social nas questões de saúde ainda é um campo de experiências e de diálogos entre a biomedicina e outras formas de curar. As práticas de cura populares, assim como o uso da flora na composição de medicamentos e remédios caseiros e práticas advindas da medicina oriental, informam uma diversidade de saberes e de respostas às dores e às doenças que estão presentes nas relações cotidianas e interferem na forma como os procedimentos médicos são compreendidos e incorporados pelos pacientes no mundo atual.

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Agbiboa, Daniel E. "How Informal Transport Systems Drive African Cities." Current History 119, no. 817 (May 1, 2020): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2020.119.817.175.

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Liu, Morgan Y. "Trust and Informal Power in Central Asia." Current History 120, no. 828 (October 1, 2021): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.828.262.

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How have Central Asians built livelihoods amidst economic hardship and political dysfunction during three decades of post-Soviet independence? Local leaders are mobilizing people, resources—and, importantly, trust—to enable entire communities to prosper. These nonstate figures are increasingly consequential, but their model of paternalistic patronage may not represent what all Central Asians want.

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Jones, Clarke, and Raymund Narag. "How Inmates Help Run Philippine Prisons." Current History 118, no. 811 (November 1, 2019): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2019.118.811.298.

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Viddal, Grete. "Simoni, Valerio: Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba." Anthropos 113, no. 1 (2018): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2018-1-341.

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Loloum, Tristan. "Book review. Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba." TSANTSA – Journal of the Swiss Anthropological Association 23 (May 1, 2018): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/tsantsa.2018.23.7327.

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Ren, Xuefei. "Slums, Favelas, and Urban Villages: Housing Policy in the Global South." Current History 119, no. 813 (January 1, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2020.119.813.15.

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Kamp, Marianne. "Broken Ties in the Ferghana Valley." Current History 116, no. 792 (October 1, 2017): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2017.116.792.285.

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Hurrell, Andrew. "Brazil and the New Global Order." Current History 109, no. 724 (February 1, 2010): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2010.109.724.60.

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Brazilian foreign policy under Lula has emphasized not only traditional multilateralism but also membership in the new formal and informal groupings that have emerged at the heart of a new world order.

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Volpi, Frédéric. "Revolution, Reform, and Stasis in the Maghreb." Current History 113, no. 763 (May 1, 2014): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2014.113.763.185.

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Beyond idealistic notions of an 'Arab Spring' that would bring forth liberal democracies throughout the region, today there is a realization that many shades of gray remain in the (formal and informal) institutional orders after the uprisings.

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Becker, Hilary. "Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba, by Valerio Simoni." New West Indian Guide 92, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2018): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-09201015.

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21

Lamounier, Adriana Letícia Saraiva, and Antônio Álvares da Silva. "POR UMA REDE DE ATUAÇÃO COLETIVA DOS TRABALHADORES INFORMAIS." Revista da Faculdade Mineira de Direito 19, no. 37 (July 30, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-7999.2016v19n37p40.

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No atual capitalismo pós-industrial globalizado, agravou-se a assimetria entre capital e trabalho. A desregulamentação, flexibilização e precarização, em seu sentido amplo, vêm solapando progressivamente o direito, o trabalho e o sindicato. Uma das derivações mais preocupantes é a informalidade que cresce exponencialmente em todo o globo. Diante disso, o presente artigo (cuja metodologia é teórico-propositiva) tem como objetivo expor e analisar classificações, teorias, e origens do trabalho informal e, ao final, propor uma rede de atuação coletiva dos que trabalham na informalidade. Propõe-se que os sindicatos já existentes abarquem os trabalhadores informais e constituam redes internacionais, regionais e nacionais com outras entidades sindicais e outras organizações associativas.

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Eraliev, Sherzod, and Rustamjon Urinboyev. "Precarious Times for Central Asian Migrants in Russia." Current History 119, no. 819 (September 21, 2020): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2020.119.819.258.

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Russia has become a magnet for migrant workers from other post-Soviet countries, especially Central Asians. Although Russian business elites generally welcome this cheap labor source, the government has deferred to, and at times encouraged, xenophobic popular sentiment. Steadily tightening immigration rules have forced many foreign workers into the informal economy, where they are vulnerable to exploitation. The pandemic and accompanying lockdowns have only added to their difficulties.

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Aguirre, Benigno E. "Social Control in Cuba." Latin American Politics and Society 44, no. 2 (2002): 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2002.tb00206.x.

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AbstractWhy has the Cuban government been so successful in its system of social control, and why might that system's effectiveness now be on the wane? This study argues that Cuba combines formal and informal systems of control that simultaneously emphasize openness and rigidity. The formal system is geared to block all antihegemonic acts, particularly those that, if left unchecked, could become symbolic acts encouraging similar behavior that the authorities deem undesirable. The system favors reactive rather than proactive approaches, as exemplified by the rapid action brigades. Noninstitutionalized collective behavior is also taking place, as is the emergence of civil society.

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Pertierra, Anna Cristina. "If They Show Prison Break in the United States on a Wednesday, by Thursday It Is Here." Television & New Media 13, no. 5 (May 2, 2012): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476412443564.

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This article describes practices of informal digital media circulation emerging in urban Cuba between 2005 and 2010, drawing from interviews and ethnographic research in the city of Santiago de Cuba. The Cuban new media landscape is supported by informal networks that blend financial and social exchanges to circulate goods, media, and currency in ways that are often illegal but are largely tolerated. Presenting two case studies of young, educated Cubans who rely on the circulation of film and television content via external hard drives for most of their media consumption, I suggest that the emphasis of much existing literature on the role of state censorship and control in Cuban new media policy overlook the everyday practices through which Cubans are regularly engaged with Latin and U.S. American popular culture. Further, informal economies have been central to everyday life in Cuba both during the height of the Soviet socialist era and in the period since the collapse of the Soviet Union that has seen a juxtaposition of some market reforms alongside centrally planned policies. In the context of nearly two decades of economic crisis, consumer shortages and a dual economy, Cuban people use both informal and state-sanctioned networks to acquire goods ranging from groceries to furnishings and domestic appliances. Understanding the informal media economy of Cuba within this broader context helps to explain how the consumption of commercial American media is largely uncontroversial within Cuban everyday life despite the fraught politics that often dominates discussions of Cuban media policy.

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Celecia Pérez, Cosette. "“El paquete” en la circulación offline de contenidos alternativos en Cuba: mirar sus abordajes, pensar sus perspectivas." INTERdisciplina 8, no. 22 (August 31, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2020.22.76419.

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Los modos en que en Cuba se han asimilado los cambios en las comunicaciones a partir del uso de Internet y las redes inalámbricas como plataformas de comunicación y consumo de entretenimiento representan una apropiación muy particular de las tecnologías. Así lo confirma “el paquete”, el producto comunicativo alternativo más popular del país, cuya circulación offline es una adaptación al contexto de desconexión de la isla y una opción de consumo informal frente a la programación estatal. Este artículo propone una revisión a la producción de conocimiento en torno a la circulación de contenidos por vías informales, para ubicar el caso cubano en una línea de estudio que relaciona los avances tecnológicos con la proliferación de prácticas de apropiación de productos y contenidos culturales asociadas a redes humanas. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis contextual se reflexiona, además, sobre las repercusiones de “el paquete” en el contexto de lo público cubano.

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Minacori, R., G. Baglio, E. Romanini, D. Sacchini, and A. G. Spagnolo. "Il consenso informato nella cura del paziente con frattura del femore." LO SCALPELLO-OTODI Educational 27, no. 2 (July 2013): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11639-013-0025-9.

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Kihato, Caroline Wanjiku, Sarah de Villiers, Sumayya Mohamed, and Bonolo Mohulatsi. "Spatial Injustice in Johannesburg in the Time of COVID-19." Current History 120, no. 826 (May 1, 2021): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.826.178.

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Densely populated informal housing has mushroomed in formerly segregated South African townships, attracting migrants who survive on the edges of the economy, excluded from basic services. In the pandemic, they have been even more vulnerable, unable to practice social distancing and forced to continue with marginal work such as scavenging to eke out a living. Drawing on interviews with residents of a Johannesburg settlement, the authors emphasize how urban space structures inequalities in every aspect of everyday life, requiring a new approach to city planning and governance with a focus on justice.

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Septian, Ari, Annisa Yulia Elvarani, Anisha Syafira Putri, Ikram Maulia, Ledia Damayanti, Muhammad Zaki Pahlevi, and Fatmawati Hajar Aswad. "Identifikasi Zona Potensi Banjir Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis Menggunakan Metode Overlay dengan Scoring di Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat." Jurnal Geosains dan Remote Sensing 1, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jgrs.2020.v1i1.25.

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Banjir merupakan suatu bencana alam yang selalu terjadi di banyak kota dalam skala yang berbeda di mana air dengan jumlah debit yang berlebih berada di daratan rendah yang kering. Berdasarkan hal ini dilakukan penelitian rawan banjir di Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder berupa data topografi, kemiringan lereng, geologi dan jenis tanah, serta data curah hujan dan data penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan agar bisa mendapatkan tingkat kerawanan banjir dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis Pada penginderaan jauh menggunakan Analisis Weighted Scorring yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk meng-identifikasi potensi bencana banjir suatu daerah. Kabupaten Agam memiliki luas daerah 2.232,30 Km2 atau (5,29%) dari luas total wilayah provinsi Sumatera Barat. Kabupaten Agam memiliki kondisi topografi yang bervariasi dan daerah ini merupakan daerah yang dikategorikan sebagai daerah yang rawan banjir dikarenakan memiliki intensitas rata-rata hujan yang cukup tinggi pada wilayah timur, hal ini juga didukung dengan topografi daerah kabupaten Agam yang didominasi oleh daratan yang curam, dan sistem drainase yang buruk yaitu lebih dari 50% wilayah Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat. Lalu data tutupan lahan sawah dan juga pemukiman dengan curah hujan tahunan sebesar 3200 - 3700 mm/thn, sehingga < 50% daerah ini berpotensi rawan banjir

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Lail, Isbakhul, Bakti Wisnu Widjajani, and Kemal Wijaya. "IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI LONGSOR MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DI KECAMATAN SALEM KABUPATEN BREBES." BERKALA ILMIAH AGROTEKNOLOGI - PLUMULA 7, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/plumula.v7i2.24.

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Berdasarkan BNPB, korban tanah longsor pada tanggal 22 Februari 2018 sejumlah 11 Orang meninggal dan 7 orang hilang. Longsor terjadi akibat kemiringan lereng yang curam serta bentuk material geologi yang berupa napal sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bidang gelincir gerakan tanah. Pengolahan data Peta geologi dan tutupan lahan berupa shapefile dilakukan clip pada daerah penelitian. Penetapan tingkat kerawanan kawasan longsor di daerah penelitian didasarkan kepada model pendugaan kawasan rawan tanah longsor oleh Direktorat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi/DVMBG (2004).Skor = (30 % x faktor kelas curah hujan) + (20% x geologi) + (20 % x faktor kelas Erodibilitas) + (15% x penggunaan lahan) + (15 % x faktor kelas lereng). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, daerah rawan longsor tertinggi berada di desa ciputih seluas 943 Ha dan wanoja dengan luas 684 Ha, daerah berkawasan sedang longsor berada di desa citimbang seluas 893 Ha dan wanoja seluas 708,37 Ha. Sedangkan daerah rendah longsor berada di desa Salem seluas 1193 Ha. . Faktor yang berpengaruh paling besar yaitu kemiringan lereng 46 % dan Erodibilitas 35 %. Kedua parameter ini berpotensi menyebabkan longsor.

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Negara, Habib Ratu Perwira, Syaharuddin Syaharuddin, and Ripai Ripai. "SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN HUJAN DAN BANJIR RANCANGAN." Jurnal Varian 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/varian.v1i1.51.

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AbstrakPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan untuk menghasilkan aplikasi berbasis desktop dalam menciptakan system informasi manajemen hujan dan banjir rancangan yang disebut SIM-HBR. Aplikasi ini dirancang untuk melakukan simulasi prediksi hujan dan banjir yang akan terjadi dalam periode waktu tertentu. Informasi tersebut dapat digunakan dalam perencanaan pembangunan infrastruktur dan kebijakan lainnya. System kerja SIM-HBR ini adalah mengambil data hidrologi DAS pada database mencakup Luas DAS, Panjang Sungai, Koefesien Aliran, Parameter Tr dan Alpha, Stasiun Berpengaruh dan Koefesien Theisen Stasiun. Kemudian menghitung nilai curah hujan maksimum harian tahunan DAS, validasi data mencakup, homogenitas, konsistensi dan kesamaan jenis (Standar Iso 9001:2008), memeriksa kesesuaian PDF dan CDF emperik VS teoritis mencakup : distribusi normal, lognormal, gamma, loggamma, gumbel, log gumbel, pearson3 dan logpearson3 dengan uji horizontal dan Vertikal menurut statistik Chi-kuadrat dan Kolmogorof, menghitung Hitung Hujan Rancangan dengan berbagai kala ulang menurut distribusi Probabilitas, dan menghitung Debit Rancangan dengan pendekatan Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Nakayasu (HSSN). Sedangkan hasil yang ditampilkan adalah (1) Tabel data hujan harian maksimum tahunan, (2) Tabel uji validasi data curah hujan maksimum harian tahunan, (3) Tabel Hujan Rancangan dan Tabel Banjir Rancangan, (4) Grafik deteksi outlier data curah hujan maksimu harian tahunan, (5) Grafik series data curah hujan maksimum harian tahunan, (6) Grafik dan kriteria kesesuai PDF dan CDF teoritis dengan emperik data curah hujan maksimum harian tahunan, dan (7) Hidrograf Hujan Rancangan dan Hidrograf Banjir Rancangan.

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Mughal, Khurrum S., and Friedrich G. Schneider. "How Informal Sector Affects the Formal Economy in Pakistan? A Lesson for Developing Countries." South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277978719898975.

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We explore the interaction of the informal sector with the formal economy for a developing economy, that is, Pakistan. Estimation results are obtained via autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, which show a significantly positive effect of the informal sector in the long run whereas a negative impact of informal sector is found in the short run. We also present dynamic simulations to show the effect/contribution in terms of revised GDP per capita if the informal sector is accounted for in official statistics. The novelty of results is the varying effects of the informal sector across two time horizons that can have serious policy implications for developing and transition economies with large informal sectors. Although, the findings of this article enrich our understanding on the behaviour of the informal sector, they further fuel the debate associated with eradication of the informal sector. Efforts to curb informal activities may burden the low-skilled workforce in this sector and increase corruption opportunities in bureaucracy in the absence of institutional reforms. On the contrary, it makes the formal sector policy design and implementation a challenging task. JEL Classification: E26, H26, K42, O17

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Stubbs, Jean. "Cuba: transition of disintegration?" New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 72, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1998): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002595.

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[First paragraph]Toward a New Cuba? Legacies of a Revolution. MIGUEL ANGEL CENTENO & MAURICIO FONT (eds.). Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, 1997. ix + 245 pp. (Cloth US$ 49.95)Essays on Cuban History: Historiography and Research. Louis A. PEREZ, JR. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xiv + 306 pp. (Cloth US$ 44.95)Cuba's Second Economy: From Behind the Scenes to Center Stage.JORGE F. PEREZ-LOPEZ. New Brunswick NJ: Transaction, 1995. 221 pp. (Cloth US$ 32.95)Sport in Cuba: The Diamond in the Rough. PAULA J. PETTAVINO & GERALYN PYE. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1994. ix + 301 pp. (Cloth US$ 49.94, Paper US$ 19.95)Cuba is clearly at yet another major turning point, and the four books under review here testify, each in its way, to this. Two are single-authored monographs (one on sport, the other on the informal economy) one is a single-authored collection of essays on history and historiography; and one is a multidisciplinary anthology of essays by various authors. In approach, they cover a broad political spectrum, and all are concerned with an understanding of process in Cuba, whether prior to or since the 1959 revolution, pre- or post-1989, or during the 1990s.

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Denaswidhi, Ega. "INFORMASI KARAKTERISTIK MORFOMETRI DAS JANGKOK MENGGUNAKAN SISTIM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS." Jurnal Silva Samalas 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jss.v3i1.3679.

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Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) merupakan suatu kesatuan sistem lahan yang dibatasi oleh igir dan punggung gunung sebagai batas alami yang akan mengalirkan air curah hujan menjadi aliran permukaan atau aliran dasar menuju danau atau laut secara alami. Setiap DAS memiliki respon yang berbeda terhadap masukan curah hujan yang terjadi. Kondisi geomorfologi lahan DAS yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap kondisi hidrologi DAS, pada tahap awal dapat dianalisis dengan pendekatan morfometri DAS. Analisis informasi morfometri DAS dengan menggunakan pengukuran terestris di lapangan akan memerlukan tenaga, waktu dan biaya yang besar. Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) saat ini sudah menjadi pilihan banyak pihak untuk memperoleh informasi morfometri DAS. Dalam studi ini DAS Jangkok dipilih sebagai lokasi studi karena DAS Jangkok memiliki variasi ekosistem yang beragam. Analisis untuk mendapatkan informasi nilai parameter mofometri DAS sangat penting dilakukan karena dapat dijadikan dasar untuk perencanaan atau kegiatan pengelolaan DAS. Parameter morfometri DAS Jangkok yang dianalisis dalam studi ini adalah luas, keliling, panjang dan lebar, kemiringan atau gradien alur, ketinggian rata-rata, orde percabangan sungai, kerapatan alur dan bentuk DAS. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah menurunkan informasi topografi maupun morfometri DAS secara otomatis pada perangkat lunak SIG. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang dilakukan, diperoleh nilai morfometri DAS Jangkok berupa luas sebesar 17.243 hektar, panjang DAS mencapai 38,77 kilometer, kemiringan gradien alur sebesar 4,75 %, terdapat 5 orde percabangan sungai dengan jumlah segmen aliran sebanyak 1.086 segmen. Bentuk DAS Jangkok cenderung memanjang dimana nilai indeks kebulatan DAS sebesar 0,23. SIG merupakan suatu sistem yang efektif untuk menurunkan informasi morfometri DAS.

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Franca, Armi, Edit Guilley, and Christian J. Lalive d´Epinay. "The interface between formal and informal support in advanced old age: A 10-year study." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 3, no. 1 (October 3, 2008): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.08315.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the interface between the formal and informal support provided to very old people against a background of increasing need for care and a decreasing number of potential informal caregivers. We used a sample of 323 community-dwelling octogenarians participating in the Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old (SWILSOO) (n=1441 interviews). Descriptive analyses and a multilevel model were used to test whether formal and informal services complemented or substituted one another. The study revealed that the amount of informal services increased significantly as the frequency of formal aid increased, indicating that the two networks were complementary in the majority of the cases. In 21.2% of the cases, the formal network partly substituted the informal network (as an adjustment) and only in 6.4% of the cases did the informal support end after the formal support had increased (radical substitution). The concern that the introduction of formal services may curb the readiness of relatives and friends to provide care is thus unfounded.

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GRIFFITH, LAUREN M. "Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba. Valerio Simoni. London: Berghahn, 2016. 282 pp." American Ethnologist 44, no. 1 (February 2017): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.12456.

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Domínguez, Jorge I. "US-Cuban Relations in the 1980s: Issues and Policies." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 27, no. 1 (February 1985): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165663.

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Should the United States go to war with Cuba? If not, what should be the policy of the US government toward Cuba? What should be Cuban policies toward the United States and the Soviet Union? Should Cuba increase or decrease its worldwide commitments and should it emphasize formal or informal foreign policy instruments? These have been the central questions affecting US-Cuban relations during the past quarter century. This essay endeavors to address some of the aspects they raise for US-Cuban relations for the remainder of the decade.

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Su, Zhan, and Éléa Canipelle. "Les particularités et le fonctionnement des microentreprises informelles à Cuba." Notes de recherche 10, no. 1 (February 16, 2012): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009020ar.

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Cet article étudie le développement de petites activités économiques privées au Cuba depuis que cet Etat est entré dans une «période spéciale» après l’effondrement de l'Union soviétique. Ces activités se développent en parallèle avec l'économie officielle du pays, formant un secteur informel à la cubaine. Cette recherche exploratoire, qui s'appuie sur la collecte de données sur le terrain, montre que le secteur informel cubain est une économie de survie qui prend place pour pallier l’inefficacité de l'État ou son incapacité à répondre à une forte demande. L'attitude de l'État reste assez ambiguë à l'égard de l'émergence de ce secteur privé. Fonctionnant en microréseaux, et bien que très dynamique, ce secteur n'est pas encore assez structuré. Il semble, cependant, que les activités de survie qui se développent à Cuba forment les entrepreneurs du secteur privé de demain et le futur tissu économique de l'île.

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Mourthé, Ayla Martins Ramos, Débora Rosmaninho Coutinho Melo, Paula Fontes Passalini Gonçalves, Rachel Boechat Cabral, and Hildeliza Lacerda Tinoco Boechat Cabral. "Importância do Consentimento Informado na Oncologia." Acta Biomédica Brasiliensia 2, no. 1 (July 17, 2011): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18571/acbm.005.

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A partir da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos todos os estados democráticos incluem em suas constituições o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. No Brasil não foi diferente. Este princípio, alçado à categoria de valor pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro passa a reclamar uma tutela dos direitos relativos à pessoa – os direitos da personalidade – muito exigente. Nessa esteira, o presente artigo objetiva demonstrar que o consentimento informado ganha especial relevo, devendo o médico sempre explicar à pessoa a respeito do tratamento ou cirurgia, com detalhes para que esta possa consentir na atuação em sua esfera psicofísica. Pretendeu-se assinalar a importância do consentimento informado na atual perspectiva da proteção à dignidade humana e os direitos a ela inerentes, principalmente na oncologia, casos em que há doenças incuráveis ou de rara probabilidade de cura.

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Gonçalves, João Felipe. "Mojitos com limões do campo." Cadernos de Campo (São Paulo 1991) 27, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 350–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9133.v27i1p350-375.

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Este artigo argumenta que certas adversidades encontradas no trabalho de campo etnográfico podem ser produtivas para a pesquisa antropológica. Para fundamentar esse ponto, o artigo discute três situações adversas enfrentadas pelo autor durante seu trabalho de campo em Cuba – um despejo, dois furacões, e umas queimaduras – e o conhecimento etnográfico que elas lhes proporcionaram. Temas mais substantivos abordados incluem a ansiedade moral, a produção do Estado, a solidariedade informal, a economia de dádivas e a temporalidade cotidiana na Cuba contemporânea.

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Santamarina, Juan Carlos. "The Cuba Company and the Creation of Informal Business Networks: Historiography and Archival Sources." Cuban Studies 35, no. 1 (2004): 62–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cub.2005.0001.

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Perez, Louis A. "The Pursuit of Pacification: Banditry and the United States' Occupation of Cuba, 1889–1902." Journal of Latin American Studies 18, no. 2 (November 1986): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00012049.

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On 1 January, 1899, the noon ceremony in Havana was brief but solemn. The Spanish flag was lowered, the United States flag raised. Officers of both countries exchanged formal salutes and informal salutations, whereupon the official ceremony came to an end. After nearly a century of covetous preoccupation with the island, the Unites States assumed formal possession of Cuba.

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Alfonso, Liudmila Morales, and Liosday Landaburo Sánchez. "Migrantes y vida pública en Cuba." Regions and Cohesion 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2017.070303.

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*Full article is in SpanishEnglish abstract:The article analyzes how the participation of migrants in Cuban public life has been reconfi gured, starting with the process of updating the economic, political and social model that began in 2008. This group, which had been excluded from national public life through an intersection of offi cial policies and discourses—which supported the viewpoint of migration without return, due to political causes, and an “us vs. them” opposition—now benefi ts from a Cuba that is more open to the world and consistent with transnational migration. Although the road to full citizenship continues to be full of obstacles, there are new opportunities for participation in public life, which the article measures from the integration of Cubans residing in Ecuador in the formal and informal economies to their maintenance of a migratory status in Cuba and the fl ow of information and communication with their native country.Spanish abstract:El artículo analiza cómo se reconfi gura la participación de los migrantes en la vida pública cubana, a partir del proceso de actualización del modelo económico, político y social que inició en 2008. Este grupo, que había sido excluido de la vida pública nacional por una conjunción entre políticas y discursos ofi ciales —que sustentó el imaginario de una migración sin retorno, por causas políticas, y de una oposición nosotros/ ellos— se benefi cia de una Cuba más abierta al mundo y consecuente con la migración transnacional. Aunque el camino hacia una ciudadanía plena continúe lleno de obstáculos, existen nuevas oportunidades de participación en la vida pública, que el artículo mide desde la inserción de cubanos residentes en Ecuador en la economía, formal e informal; el mantenimiento de un status migratorio en Cuba y el fl ujo de información y comunicación con su país natal.French abstract:L’article analyse la façon dont la participation des migrants à la vie publique cubaine est reconfi gurée, en commençant par la mise à jour du modèle économique, politique et social qui a débuté en 2008. Ce groupe, exclu de la vie publique nationale conjointement par les politiques et discours offi ciels - qui ont soutenu l’imaginaire d’une migration sans retour, en raison de causes politiques et d’une opposition nous / eux - bénéfi cie d’un Cuba plus ouvert au monde et compatible avec les migrations transnationales. Et bien que le chemin vers la pleine citoyenneté continue d’être semé d’obstacles, il existe de nouvelles possibilités de participation à la vie publique que l’article met en évidence, depuis l’insertion des Cubains résidant en Équateur dans l’économie, formelle et informelle ; le maintien d’un statut migratoire à Cuba et le fl ux d’informations et de communication avec leur pays natal.

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Nunes, Christiane Girard Ferreira. "Cooperativas: uma possível transformação identitária para os trabalhadores do setor informal?" Sociedade e Estado 16, no. 1-2 (December 2001): 134–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-69922001000100007.

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Buscamos, neste artigo, refletir sobre o impacto identitário e as dinâmicas que dele resultam a partir de diferentes formas de inserção no mundo do trabalho, mais especificamente, a partir da socialização dos trabalhadores do setor informal e das cooperativas. Consideramos, portanto, estes três elementos, que ressaltamos: os trabalhadores do informal que recebem entre um e três salários mínimos; os trabalhadores das cooperativas cuja remuneração se situa em torno do mesmo patamar; algumas noções para refletir sobre a identidade no trabalho e, por fim, os vínculos entre esses três elementos a fim de perceber as mudanças que se produzem numa parte importante do mundo que vive do trabalho.

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Duong, Paloma. "Homebound: The Art of Public Space in Contemporary Cuba." ARTMargins 6, no. 2 (June 2017): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00175.

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Despite the home's long history as a locus of cultural and political action in Cuba, serious studies of its informal residential culture are only now beginning to emerge. This article explores how the exhibition of art in private homes intervenes in debates about public space in Havana. It situates these exhibition practices historically with respect to the spatial politics of the Cuban Revolution of 1959, while mapping the reorganization of official and unofficial cultures after the demise of the Soviet bloc. Bringing into relief how these home exhibits problematize state and market alliances in the postsocialist context, I argue that these practices are doubly embedded in local as much as global polemics regarding the place—literally and metaphorically—of art today.

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Maniсhkin, Nestor A. "TRICKSTER SPIRITS AND MIRACLES IN CUBA’S AFROGENIC RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS." Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion, no. 1 (2021): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-4158-2021-1-99-119.

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The article is devoted to the phenomenon of a miracle in Cuba. The author traces the historical and cultural features of the development of Cuba and develops an idea of the transculturation of the miracle. He analyzes how Afro-genic traditions such as Santeria, Palo Monte and others were enriched with European-Christian and Indian elements, adapting them to their cosmologies and magical practices. Special attention is paid to the role of the trickster spirits, especially Eshu, as well as witchcraft with the help of dangerous, demonic forces. The article is based on the field material collected by the author in Cuba in 2013 and 2019 through informal interviews and participant observation.

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Covolan, Marina. "Venustius est reticulatum. L’evoluzione dell’opera reticolata a Cuma." REUDAR. European Journal of Roman Architecture 1 (December 1, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/reudar.v1i0.10161.

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Lo studio di una tecnica costruttiva peculiare del mondo romano, quale l’ope- ra reticolata, e l’individuazione di una sua linea evolutiva portano nuove informa- zioni sulle architetture realizzate con questo tipo di tessitura muraria. Un’analisi metrica e dimensionale, ancorata a contesti datati, permette di incrementare i dati a livello cronologico, che poi possono essere affinati con le altre datazioni desunte dallo studio archeologico di un sito. L’applicazione di questo metodo scientifico, basato sull’analisi autoptica delle murature, ha portato ad individuare una tenden- za di sviluppo dell’opera reticolata, per il centro di Cuma.

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Fernandez, Nadine T. "Tourism and Informal Encounters in Cuba . Valerio Simoni . New York: Berghahn Books, 2016. 282 pp." Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 22, no. 2 (July 2017): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlca.12302.

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Nadimpalli, Maya L., Sara J. Marks, Maria Camila Montealegre, Robert H. Gilman, Monica J. Pajuelo, Mayuko Saito, Pablo Tsukayama, et al. "Urban informal settlements as hotspots of antimicrobial resistance and the need to curb environmental transmission." Nature Microbiology 5, no. 6 (May 25, 2020): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0722-0.

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Morales Alfonso, Liudmila, and Liosday Landaburo Sánchez. "Educar en comunicación audiovisual: un reto para la Cuba “actualizada”." Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, no. 135 (September 15, 2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.16921/chasqui.v0i135.2752.

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El artículo analiza la pertinencia de la educación en comunicación audiovisual en Cuba, cuando la actualización del modelo económico y social deviene prioridad para el Gobierno. El “aislamiento selectivo” que, por décadas, favoreció la exclusividad de la oferta audiovisual concentrada en los medios de comunicación estatales sufre un embate a partir de 2008, con el auge del “paquete”, alternativa informal de distribución de contenidos. Mediante esta las personas consumen los audiovisuales de factura extranjera de su preferencia, en los horarios que elijan. Pero ante ese cambio en los patrones de consumo audiovisual, admitido por discursos oficiales y la prensa, la estrategia gubernamental privilegia alternativas proteccionistas a lo “banal”, en lugar de asumir responsabilidades formales para el empoderamiento de la ciudadanía.

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Chaviano Pérez, Lizbeth J. "Cuba, agent formel ou informel de l’impérialisme espagnol dans le Golfe de Guinée ?" Outre-Mers N° 410-411, no. 1 (July 5, 2021): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/om.211.0169.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cura informal'

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