Relevant bibliographies by topics / Currency position

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Currency position'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Currency position"

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Tsutskiridze, Giorgi, and Vakhtang Charaia. "THE IMPACT OF NON-INTEREST INCOME ON THE NET NON-INTEREST MARGIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF SHARP CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS AND THE TREND OF GEL DEVALUATION." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 56 (May 16, 2023): 24–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7941592.

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Non-interest income is an important source of revenue for financial institutions. It speaks of earnings derived from sources other than interest on loans and deposits. Fees, commissions, profits from the sale of securities, and other forms of revenue fall under this category. In this study, we'll look at non-interest income's significance, its causes, and how it affects the financial performance of the banking industry based on the Georgian example. Given research will analyze the dynamics of possible currency speculation behavior of the banking system, especially in the conditions of
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Arminanto, Eduardus Robert, and Kukuh Ari Firmansyah. "Bitcoin's Position in Indonesian Currency Law." Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev) 5, no. 2 (2022): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/islrev.v5i2.47491.

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The influence of technology and developing information is indeed extraordinary on human life. Economic development is also inseparable from the growing technology, for example in transaction procedures in a matter. Bitcoin came up with a new innovation in the form of a cryptocurrency that uses a payment network from user to user. Crypto has become a phenomenon nowadays. Based on the results of the Global Web Index Survey, 10% of internet users in Indonesia already own digital currencies, it can be said that Indonesia is ranked 5th most crypto users in the world. Crypto or can be called crytocu
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Twarowska, Katarzyna. "Ocena pozycji walut kluczowych międzynarodowego systemu walutowego w latach 1990 – 2016 i perspektywy zmian." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 2 (2017): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.2.45.

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The aim of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the position of the key currencies as a determinant of changes in the functioning of the international monetary system. Methodology includes theoretical studies (scientific literature and research reports) and empirical studies (statistical analysis of BIS, IMF, SWIFT, ECB, UNCTAD data). The analysis makes it possible to conclude that the dollar remains the main international currency, and the creation of a single currency area in the EU has not led to the expected changes in the main currencies positions as well as the euro has not reached the p
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Dr., Alka Mittal. "AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PRESENT POSITION OF BITCOINS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 1 (2017): 386–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.266431.

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Bitcoin is a virtual currency that is created from computer code. It has no central bank and is not backed by any government. But it can be exchanged for goods and services or for any other currencies. They were launched in 2009 as a bit of software written under the name Satoshi Nakamoto. The present paper analyse the Indian Tax and legal considerations regarding Bit coins. It also analyse the problems and risks related with Bitcoins.
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Crumbley, D. Larry, Donald L. Ariail, and Amine Khayati. "How Should Cryptocurrencies Be Defined and Reported? An Exploratory Study of Accounting Professor Opinions." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 1 (2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17010003.

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Crypto assets have upset the pillars of regulatory and centralized monetary policy, and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has been slow in developing a position on how to account for cryptocurrencies. Currently, there are many accounting, finance, and tax meanings of cryptocurrencies. The purpose of this study is to show the path FASB has taken to develop accounting standards for more than 20,000 crypto assets, outline the positions other authorities and agencies have taken, and discuss Central Bank Digital Currencies since the United States and other countries are considering re
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Lavreniuk, V. V., and D. Y. Lukianchuk. "Managing the Bank’s Currency Risk in the Face of Turbulence in Global Financial Markets." Business Inform 11, no. 514 (2020): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-288-295.

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The article is aimed at researching the theoretical-methodological and practical aspects of the bank’s currency risk management. To solve the tasks set, the authors use general scientific and specific methods, in particular: logic-dialectical, mathematical and graphic. Based on generalization, analysis and comparison of different approaches, the methods and instruments for managing the bank’s currency risk are systematized. The bank’s currency risks are typed and the main determinants of their occurrence are identified. The types of currency risk hedging instruments are systematized and their
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Lavreniuk, V. V., and D. Y. Lukianchuk. "Managing the Bank’s Currency Risk in the Face of Turbulence in Global Financial Markets." Business Inform 11, no. 514 (2020): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-288-295.

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The article is aimed at researching the theoretical-methodological and practical aspects of the bank’s currency risk management. To solve the tasks set, the authors use general scientific and specific methods, in particular: logic-dialectical, mathematical and graphic. Based on generalization, analysis and comparison of different approaches, the methods and instruments for managing the bank’s currency risk are systematized. The bank’s currency risks are typed and the main determinants of their occurrence are identified. The types of currency risk hedging instruments are systematized and their
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Twarowska-Mól, Katarzyna. "Factors influencing the choice of the invoicing currency in international trade: Panel data analysis for 55 countries." Equilibrium 18, no. 1 (2023): 153–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.005.

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Research background: Most transactions in world trade are invoiced in several international currencies. The changes in the distribution of the great economic powers and the strengthening of the position of developing countries make it necessary to consider the factors determining the choice of trade invoicing currency and to assess the prospects of the dollar as an invoicing currency and the possibility of strengthening the position of developing countries' currencies in this function. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to assess the factors influencing the choice of invoicing cur
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Choe, Myeong Sig. "An Alternative Futures Hedge for Minor Currencies." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 12, no. 1 (2004): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-01-2004-b0005.

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In a world of trade among nations using different currencies, every exchange of goods, services, or assets taking place between economic actors of different nations requires an accompanying currency transaction. If foreign exchange rates were fixed, this would be little more than a formality and not a potential source of market distortion. In the current world, however, the currency exchange rates are often very volatile and can affect market prices when viewed from outside the economy. Individuals with risk-averse preferences seek to minimize the potential losses possible from their currency
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Zawiślińska, Izabela. "The influence of economic crisis on the international position of the euro." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 3 (November 29, 2014): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.3.3.

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The international position of a currency is directly determined by the scale and manner of fulfilment of classic currency functions in the international context. Creation of the Economic and Monetary Union and the introduction of a new currency (euro) – even though the decision was strictly political – was well-received by entities of contemporary international economy, including its main participants and the players on the international currency market. The reason for such a reception was the potential of the economies in the euro area, and also structural conditions and expectations for crea
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Currency position"

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Ребрик, М. А. "Лімітування валютного ризику банку". Thesis, Черкаський інститут банківської справи Університету банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63770.

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Kaplanoglou, Sevasti D. "Empirical issues of foreign exchange risk management with futures contracts." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1531/.

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Padyšák, Jan. "Automatické obchodování měnových párů pomocí technické analýzy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234778.

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The aim of this work is to create an automated trading system for trading currency pairs using technical indicators and technical analysis. The proposed trading system is tested and optimized on historical price data. To verify the robustness of the proposed system was used walk-forward analysis. Automatic trading system also uses rules for position sizing and risk management of open positions. Created system is profitabel on historical price data and also in the walk-forward analysis.
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Al, Abdulaali Ahmad Khalid. "On the Extension and Wedge Product of Positive Currents." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-71035.

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This dissertation is concerned with extensions and wedge products of positive currents. Our study can be considered as a generalization for classical works done earlier in this field. Paper I deals with the extension of positive currents across different types of sets. For closed complete pluripolar obstacles, we show the existence of such extensions. To do so, further Hausdorff dimension conditions are required. Moreover, we study the case when these obstacles are zero sets of strictly k-convex functions. In Paper II, we discuss the wedge product of positive pluriharmonic (resp. plurisubhar
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Kiuru, Wille. "Synchronous generator rotor position estimation from stator and rotor terminal currents and voltages." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194196.

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This thesis presents an alternative method for measuring the rotor position of a synchronousgenerator, without the use of sensors to measure the rotor position. The method uses thecurrent and voltage measurements on the stator and rotor terminals from the protectionrelays. The rst step is to investigate how the rotor position can be estimated basedon the available measurement data. It was found out that the rotor position couldn'tbe estimated during dynamic state operation, when directly solving it from measurementdata. This is due to the presence of the eld and d-axis damper winding current d
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Rose, John W. "Impact of natural and artificial ebb channel position realignment on oceanfront shoreline change." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/r1/rosej/johnrose.pdf.

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Wang, Jinou [Verfasser]. "The Current Slope Based Position Estimation for Self-Sensing Magnetic Bearings / Jinou Wang." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1101184736/34.

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Shimizu, H., Y. Yokomizu, T. Matsushima, et al. "Position of quench initiation in 6 kV-200 A class superconducting fault current limiter." IEEE, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6806.

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Foley, Brian M. "A System for Detecting the Position of a Molten Aluminum Metal-Front within a Precision Sand Mold." Digital WPI, 2009. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/50.

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Manufacturers of cast metal parts are interested in the development of a feedback control system for use with the Precision Sand-Casting (PSC) process. As industry demands the ability to cast more complex geometries, there are a variety of challenges that engineers have to address. Certain characteristics of the mold, such as thick-to-thin transitions, extensive horizontal or flat surfaces, and sharp corners increase the likelihood of generating defective casts due to the turbulent metal-flow during fills. Consequently, it is critical that turbulent flow behavior within the mold be minimized
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Schnurbusch, Henning. "Measurement of the proton structure from high-Q2 neutral current events in e+p deep inelastic scattering at HERA." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967657695.

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Books on the topic "Currency position"

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Obstfeld, Maurice. The unsustainable US current account position revealed. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Marta, T. J. Forex analysis and trading: Effective top-down strategies combining fundamental, position, and technical analyses. Bloomberg Press, 2009.

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1966-, Brusuelas Joseph, ed. Forex analysis and trading: Effective top-down strategies combining fundamental, position, and technical analyses. Bloomberg Press, 2009.

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J, Dainty, ed. Plant membrane transport: The current position. Elsevier, 1989.

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Congress, Pan Africanist. Current situation inside Azania: The PAC position. Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, 1985.

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J, Flanagan P., Larkin P. M, and Foras Forbartha. Water Resources Division., eds. Water quality in Ireland: The current position. An Foras Forbatha, Water Resources Division, 1986.

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Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (SA). Current situation inside Azania: The PAC position. Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, 1985.

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Hạc, Phạm Minh. Vietnam's education: The current position and future prospects. Thé̂ giới Publishers, 1998.

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National Association for the Education of Young Children. NAEYC position statements: Current as of January 1997. NAEYC, 1997.

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Hạc, Phạm Minh. Vietnam's education: The current position and future prospects. Thé̂ Giới Publishers, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Currency position"

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Bindseil, Ulrich, and Alessio Fotia. "International Monetary Frameworks." In Introduction to Central Banking. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70884-9_7.

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AbstractIn this chapter we turn to representing flows of funds in alternative international monetary frameworks, and what global liquidity these different frameworks provide. We first recall some arguments in favour of and against fixed exchange rate systems. We then introduce two international monetary arrangements of the past which imply fixed exchange rates, namely the gold standard and the Bretton Woods system, and recall why both eventually failed. We then turn to three international monetary frameworks in the context of the current paper standard, i.e. fixed exchange rate systems, flexib
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Ratschiller Nasim, Linda Maria. "Soothing Weak Nerves: Tropical Anxieties, Missionary Guidance and Moral Hygiene." In Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27128-1_9.

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AbstractThis chapter argues that the contemporary image of the tropics as a site of jeopardy and trial offered an effective framework to preach the Basel Mission’s pious code of conduct to a broader audience. The personal regimen recommended in the medical literature on tropical hygiene around 1900 focussed on asceticism, self-discipline and temperance. These measures were congruent with the proscriptions of Pietist purity, underlining the continued belief in a connection between morality and disease. This puritan dimension of tropical hygiene allowed the Basel medical missionaries to position
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Triftshäuser, W. "Positron Annihilation." In Topics in Current Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46571-0_9.

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Wasserman, Martín L. E. "Monetization and Relational Structures: The Diffusion of Checks in Buenos Aires During the Emergence of the Banking System." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67117-3_10.

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AbstractMeans of exchange holding legal tender are not the unique means of payment that materialize currency. Any device accepted by the creditor enables exchanges, even when different instruments have different scope of liquidity and diverse broadness of acceptance. Therefore, admission by economic actors appears to be the ultimate criteria to embody monetary attributes into a material instrument, conferring its function as means of payment. In this sense, the agency of involved actors is critical to understand the emergence of new financial devices derived from institutional changes. This ch
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Hanaway, Monica. "The current position on coaching supervision." In An Existential and Phenomenological Approach to Coaching Supervision. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003130895-4.

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Sonavane, Sunita, and Sandip Basu. "PET–CT Imaging of Lung Cancer: The Current Status and Future Potentials." In Positron Emission Tomography. Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2098-5_12.

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Alves, A., R. Almeida, D. Moreira, S. Silva, A. Marques, and P. Guimarães. "Postural alert system for sitting position." In Advances and Current Trends in Biomechanics. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003217152-45.

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Anderson, Bruce. "Adjective Position and Interpretation in L2 French." In Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.216.05and.

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Brown, Brendan. "When is Speculation a Positive Sum Game?" In Bubbles in Credit and Currency. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230227682_2.

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Ariola, Marco, and Alfredo Pironti. "Plasma Position and Current Control at FTU." In Magnetic Control of Tokamak Plasmas. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29890-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Currency position"

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Olesen, Andreas Junker, and Lars Vendelbo Nielsen. "A Remote Monitoring System Featuring GPS Synchronized Instant-off Potential and Line-current Measurements." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17635.

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Abstract The traditional instant-off survey is time-consuming and will not provide information on the continuous evolution of the pipeline instant-off potential. This paper presents results from a small- and large-scale test of a remote-controlled GPS time-synchronized remote monitoring system, that is capable of capturing the instant-off potential at every logger position, when synchronized with a rectifier interrupter unit. Additionally, the loggers have a built-in line-current measurement module, that allows for detection of changes in the CP consumption in between logger positions, allowin
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Xia, Yunfeng, Qishuai Liang, Jie Yang, Jiang Ye, Zhongchen Xia, and Chuan Zhou. "Magnetic Array-Based Current Inversion Method Considering Position Offsets." In 2024 Boao New Power System International Forum - Power System and New Energy Technology Innovation Forum (NPSIF). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/npsif64134.2024.10883436.

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Kherif, O., S. Mousa, S. Robson, et al. "Effect of Ground Rods Position on Current Distribution in Ground Grid under Transient Current." In 2024 59th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/upec61344.2024.10892423.

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Svoboda, Miroslav, and Martina Sponerová. "RANDOM STRATEGY VERSUS TECHNICAL ANALYSIS STRATEGY IN THE US MARKET." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.121.

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Random strategy is currently an interesting alternative to traditional trading of financial instruments. The paper builds on existing research into the trading of investment instruments through random strategy and strategies based on technical analysis. The highly liquid USD/CAD currency pair was chosen for the US market research. We analyze five years of data, and in every intraday trading session, only a single position will be opened. Technical analysis strategy uses essential indicators such as Bollinger Bands, relative strength index (RSI), moving averages (MA) and other. Every trading po
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Carlan, Ana. "Currency risk management in the bank." In Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.13.

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The importance and actuality of the theme is characterized by the fact that at the base of every entity, be it commercial or non-commercial, private or public, financial, there are resources, whether they are in foreign currency or the national currency. In addition, thanks to their correct management by using the most efficient technologies and well-structured policies, it will be possible to avoid and minimize any risk. Currency risk represents the probability of suffering a loss or non-realization of the forecasted profits due to the variation of the exchange rate on the market, in a direct
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Kaya, Fadime, Glenda Amaral, Francisco Javier Perez, Marc Makkes, Tina van der Linden, and Jaap Gordijn. "An Ontological Exploration of Central Bank Digital Currency Governance Design." In Digital Restructuring and Human (Re)action. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.4.2022.19.

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Financial ecosystems and their related transactions are increasingly relying on big tech payment service providers, such as ApplePay and WeChat. By offering these services, transacting in unregulated cryptocurrencies becomes easier. Consequently, big tech companies take a powerful position in the ecosystem, such dominance may be avoided by a decentralized ecosystem, in which decision making power is distributed over several actors. Emergence of several highly unregulated cryptocurrencies and increased reliance on big tech, motivates central banks to investigate alternatives, called Central Ban
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WATANABE, Joji. "Convertible Government Bond as a Solution to “Moneycracy”." In 5th World Conference on Business, Management, Finance, Economics, and Marketing. Eurasia Conferences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62422/978-81-968539-6-9-028.

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Since the primary concern for politicians is to get as many votes as possible for their survivals at every election that requires plenty of money/work, they tend to listen to opinions of influential wealthy individuals and large entities. Due to widening gaps in income levels and accumulated wealth for a small number of individuals, “Democracy” in most countries has been transforming to “Moneycracy” where money plays a vital role in shaping public policies, rather than opinions of “Demo-”, ordinary small individuals, especially the underprivileged/handicapped. Once a political leader establish
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Egeli, Haluk, and Pınar Egeli. "The Sustainability of External Debts for Turkic Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01379.

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Resources provided from one country to another country fulfills the function of closing the gap for currency and savings for the country acquiring these resources. Regarding the current position of emerging countries, these two concepts take important place for their development efforts. In this paper, developments in Turkic Countries are analyzed to put forth their external debts' sustainability for the transition period. The model is constructed by using variables with inter temporal budgetary constraints approach. Inter temporal budgetary constraint approach take into consideration external
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Đogo, Marko. "DERIVING THE IMPOSSIBLE TRINITY OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE OTHER TWO IMPOSSIBLE TRINITIES." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0022.

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The experience of Eastern European countries indicates that a country cannot simultaneously give up autonomy of monetary and fiscal policy and control of labour mobility without all three causing a reduction in potential GDP at the same time. Namely, if a country opts to peg its currency to the currency of a larger (more developed) country and pursues a restrictive fiscal policy, it will probably 2 lead the workforce to emigrate. This universal rule applies to both developing and developed countries. Nevertheless, the specificity of the developing countries' position is that once the labour fo
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Opačić, Ana. "PROBLEM CHF KLAUZULE – OSNOV ZA RASKID ILI NIŠTAVOST." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.181o.

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In this paper author deals with the question of monopoly position of banks leading to numerous violations of the Law on Obligations. The author points to the problem of using currency clauses in loan agreements with particular reference to the disputed indexed to the Swiss franc. Today, the topical question whether the disputed agreements challenged based on the reasons for cancellation or seek absolute futility. Skyrocketing these currencies were followed, and by some indications and additionally caused by the unlawful conduct of the banks that these loans placed. Today more than 20 000 users
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Reports on the topic "Currency position"

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Pforr, Tobias, Fabian Pape, and Steffen Murau. After the Allocation: What Role for the Special Drawing Rights System? Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp180.

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In August 2021, the IMF made a new SDR allocation to help ease pandemic-induced financial strains in the Global South. This paper assesses the potential of the SDR system to address debtrelated problems in global finance. We analyze the SDR system as a web of interlocking balance sheets whose members can use SDR holdings—the system’s tradable assets—for conversion into usable currency as a perpetual low-interest loan or to make payments to each other. Using original IMF data, we study how the system has been practically used since 1990. Though widely perceived as a solution in search of a prob
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Obstfeld, Maurice, and Kenneth Rogoff. The Unsustainable US Current Account Position Revisited. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10869.

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Adderley, P., W. Barry, J. Heefner, et al. A beam position monitor for low current dc beams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6360195.

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Committee on Toxicity. Position Paper on Ocean Bound Plastic (OBP). Committee on Toxicity, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.mip511.

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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) sought an opinion from the Joint Expert Group for Food Contact Materials (FCMJEG) whether plastic materials from the open environment that are subsequently recycled could be safely utilised in food contact materials (FCMs). The FCMJEG assessed all available information, including all information and data submitted to the FSA following a call for evidence by the end of January 2024. Environmental or ocean bound plastic (OBP) is a relatively new input material for mechanical recycling and use in final recycled FCMs, hence the avai
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Castillo, Marola A. Theoretical Background on External Sustainability Assessments. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009306.

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This paper explains in detail the external sustainability assessment approach given by the stock-flow relationship between the net external positions, non-income current account plus net capital transfers, and real exchange rate. This approach consists of determining the non-income current account over GDP that would stabilize a benchmark net foreign asset (NFA) position over the medium term, and a "gap" by comparing the NFA-stabilizing non-income current account over GDP with the nonincome current account expected to prevail over the medium term. Additionally, the paper addresses the role of
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Castillo, Marola A. Template for External Sustainability Assessment. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009305.

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This manual explains in detail the external sustainability assessment approach following Castillo (2016), given by the stock-flow relationship among net external positions, non-income current account, and real exchange rate. This approach consists of determining the non-income current account over GDP that would stabilize a benchmark net foreign asset (NFA) position over the mediumterm, and a "gap" by comparing the NFA-stabilizing non-income current account over GDP with its value expected to prevail over the medium term. The text develops an External Sustainability Template and provides guida
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Kassab, Sinda, and Huan Xie. Dynamic Patent Races with Absorptive Capacity: An Experimental Investigation on R&D Behavior. CIRANO, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54932/hjyg8316.

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We report a laboratory experiment on dynamic patent races in an indefinite horizon with complete information. In a competitive environment, we analyze the R&D investment behavior of players who are randomly and anonymously paired in each race. We vary subjects’ initial positions as leader/follower or symmetric/asymmetric, as well as the distance between the initial knowledge stock and the target. Our results show that individual average effort is highest for players in a tie position, followed by leaders, and lowest for followers. Starting as a follower (leader) leads to a lower (higher) c
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Delbridge, Victoria, Astrid Haas, Oliver Harman, Dyson Jangia, and Anthony Venables. Enhancing the financial position of cities: Evidence from Mzuzu. UNHabitat, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-igc-wp_2022/5.

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The case of Mzuzu illustrates how secondary cities, where revenues are often incredibly low and capacity is minimal, can innovate and lead the way on municipal finance reform. Mzuzu is Malawi’s third largest city. The focus of this case study is a simple and fit-for capacity property valuation system that increased realised revenues seven-fold between 2013 and 2018:1 The Revenue Mobilisation Programme (REMOP). Although the programme was initially seen to be a success, several serious misgivings continue to inhibit further progress. These centre on legal barriers in the current property valuati
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Delbridge, Victoria. Enhancing the financial position of cities: Evidence from Hargeisa. UNHabitat, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-igc-wp_2022/4.

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The City of Hargeisa, despite being in the very early stages of enhancing its financial position, has achieved significant reform in just a few years since its democratic establishment in 2002. The successes achieved are even more remarkable, considering the fragile context of Somaliland after 30 years of civil war within Somalia, which left widespread destruction and devastation in the city. This is compounded by Somaliland’s lack of recognition as a sovereign state by the international community. The case provides an illustrative example of leveraging urbanisation to raise municipal revenues
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Hansen, Erwin, Luis Oscar Herrera, and Kevin Cowan. Currency Mismatches, Balance-Sheet Effects and Hedging in Chilean Non-Financial Corporations. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010955.

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Using a new database on the currency composition of assets and liabilities, this paper explores the determinants and consequences of currency mismatches in Chilean non-financial firms. As in previous firm level studies for Chile, we find that in periods following a depreciation firms with higher dollar debt do not underperform their peso counterparts. However, once we adequately control for differences in the currency composition of assets, income and net derivative positions, we do find a significant balance sheet effect. In addition, we find that derivatives play a role in insulating firm le
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