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Journal articles on the topic 'Currency Printing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wang, Guizhou, and Kjell Hausken. "Competition between Variable–Supply and Fixed–Supply Currencies." Economies 10, no. 11 (2022): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10110270.

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For one variable–supply currency in isolation, one player’s Cobb–Douglas utility depends on the current supply divided by the initial supply, multiplied by the inverse of the accumulative inflation/deflation. With equal weight assigned to both factors, money printing outweighs inflation, and money withdrawal outweighs deflation. The study design is to analyze how competition between one variable–supply and one fixed–supply currency impacts the player’s choice of currency. Applying the 1959–2021 US M2 money supply data and the 1635–2021 US inflation data, the player’s utility increases over tim

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2

Amaranand. "IMPORTANCE OF SECURITY DESIGN FEATURES IN CURRENCY PRINTING." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 7 (2019): 85–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3354312.

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In the modern era of Printing Technology, currency printing is the abstract of all printing applications. Most of the banknotes employ four types of printing processes namely Lithography, Intaglio, Letterpress, and Silk Screen Printing. Ink Features: All the inks used in bank note printing offer a certain amount of security because they are not commercially available and hence not available to would be counterfeiters. The inks used have to have a very high performance and be very resistant to environmental conditions such as sunlight, heat, moisture, etc. Ink features are of utmost importance

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3

T, Krithika, Lakshitha B K, Monica Dara, Priya P J, and Veena G. "Fake Currency Detection." International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 09, no. 02 (2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2023.v0902.04.

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Indian is a developing country, Production, and printing of Fake notes of Rs.100, 500 and 1000 were already there but after the demonetization, the counterfeit notes of new Rs.50,200,500,2000 have also come to the light in very short time and which effects the country’s economic growth. From last few years due to technological advancement in color printing, duplicating, and scanning, counterfeiting problems are coming into the picture. In this article, recognition and verification of paper currency with the help of digital image processing techniques is described. The characteristics extractio

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S, Sowmiya, Anitha S, and Ilavarasi . "Identification of Fake Currency Using Convolution Neural Network." International Research Journal of Computer Science 11, no. 04 (2024): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2024.v1104.26.

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The progression of shading printing innovation has expanded the rate of Fake currency copying notes on a large scale. Albeit electronic monetary exchanges a returning out to be more popular and the utilization of paper cash has been diminishing as of late, banknotes still remain in distribution attributable to their dependability and straight forwardness in use. Few years ago, the printing should be possible in a printing-house, yet presently anybody can print a money paper with most extreme exactness utilizing a straightforward laser printer. As an outcome, the issue of duplicate currency rat

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Sindhu, Medarametla Durga. "Fake Currency Detection Using Deep Learning." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31943.

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Fake currency is the money produced without the approval of the government, creation of it is considered as a great offence. The progression of shading printing innovation has expanded the rate of Fake currency copying notes on a large scale. Albeit electronic monetary exchanges are turning out to be more popular and the utilization of paper cash has been diminishing as of late, banknotes still remain in distribution attributable to their dependability and straight forwardness in use. Few years ago, the printing should be possible in a printing-houses, yet presently anybody can print a money p

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Shamini, S. Sweetline, G. Nandhini, R. S. Varshini, and T. Dharini. "Fake Currency Detection." E3S Web of Conferences 491 (2024): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449102020.

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Due to the great technological developments in the field of color printing in the past few years, it is becoming increasingly recognized that counterfeiting is a serious problem. It used to be possible and very simple for anyone to quickly prepare and print counterfeit currency notes using a computer and a laser printer at homes or places of employment. In the past, only printing houses had these facilities. The most crucial issue is now how to accurately distinguish fake currency from real currency using automatic machines. Almost all nations struggle greatly with the issue of counterfeit cur

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Patil, Prof Deepika P., Girija Varma, Shweta Poojary, Shraddha Sawant, and Aditya Sharma. "Counterfeit Currency Detection based on AI." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (2022): 3022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41980.

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Abstract: The use of technology has grown tremendously within the few years it has made it easier to have access to advanced printing equipment in the industry which resulted in color printing of currencies to produce counterfeit notes across the country. To eliminate such unethical activities of printing counterfeit currency it is mandatory to make a system that detects the fake currency, In systems such as a money exchanger for example ATMs and vending machines, counterfeit currency notes must be detected beforehand exchanging process takes place. In the past, there have been similar systems

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Shawon, Mohammad Ferdous Khan. "Prospects and Challenges of Offset Printing Industry from the Viewpoint of Graphic Designers in Bangladesh." Graphic Design Journal 01, no. 01 (2022): 204–20. https://doi.org/10.63771/gdj0201.011.

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Offset is used to describe a method of printing in which an inked image is put onto a metal plate, then onto a rubber blanket and only then onto a paper surface. Offset printing is a sophisticated printing technology that has gained wider currency across the world and this equipment is commonly applied today. It maintains quality while producing printed materials like books, magazines, newspapers, business cards, letterheads, posters, leaflets, calendars, catalogues and similar stuff. According to data collected from different sources, an estimated 6,500 offset printing presses are currently o

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Yellapantula, Aditya, Yasaswini Natte, Pallavi Salapati, Chaitanya Pagolu, and Venkata Narayana Poleboina. "DEEP LEARNING BASED COUNTERFEIT CURRENCY DETECTION SYSTEM." Fuzzy Systems and Soft Computing 20, no. 01 (2025): 15–20. https://doi.org/10.36893/fssc.2025.v20i1.003.

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The headway of variety printing innovation has expanded the commonness of fake money creation for an enormous scope. In spite of the rising pervasiveness of electronic financial exchanges and the declining utilization of "paper currency", banknotes keep on being disseminated because of their "dependability and convenience". Quite a while prior, printing was selective to printing houses; at the same time, today, anybody might deliver currency paper with striking accuracy utilizing a standard laser printer. Thusly, the pervasiveness of fake money has heightened in contrast with authentic currenc

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Kadhim, Zainab Khairallah, and Suhad Ateyah Shahad. "Comparison Between Original and Counterfeit Currency Images." American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 5, no. 5 (2025): 280–87. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume05issue05-57.

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Study of counterfeiting needs to know the methods using in the counterfeiting. Here we are working to compare between original and counterfeit currency and find difference between them, the study takes the Iraqi currency as an example or element to make testing. with applications on many parameters in Iraqi currency design such as type of paper and ink using in printing and the saturation degree of the color in each one of them. It’s very important to remember the penalty in Iraqi law against the counterfeiting and explain that penalties to show the effects on the persons whom working in this

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Haider, Khalil Easa, Ali Saber Ali, Kaylan Hamid Noor, and Ali Saber Hindren. "Machine learning based approach for detection of fake banknotes using support vector machine." Machine learning based approach for detection of fake banknotes using support vector machine 31, no. 2 (2023): 1016–22. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i2.pp1016-1022.

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Currency counterfeiting is a significant offense that has an impact on a nation's finances. Due to the enormous progress in printing technology, it is now quite simple to create fake currency that resembles real currency in both appearance and texture, making it nearly difficult to manually tell them apart. The suggested approach will be helpful in identifying fake currency in financial systems. Because of the rise of fake currency in the market, numerous false note detecting techniques are available globally to address this issue, however the most of them rely on expensive technology. In

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Sharma, Sanya, Shipra Rohatgi, and Saleh Mansour. "Evaluation of the sailent features in Indian currency notes." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 64 (March 9, 2023): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.64.6.

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Security features are topographies invisible to the naked eye, such as micro-printing or features visible in ultraviolet, transmitted, and oblique light. The present paper focuses on the examination of Indian currency notes such as 2000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, and10 in different light sources and with the help of a compound microscope. This kind of examination is very useful when it comes to distinguishing counterfeit currency from genuine one. Crime is increasing day by day, and so is the making of false currency – this study discusses the numerous security or hidden features which are invisi

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Saxena, Ankur, Pawan Kumar Singh, Ganesh Prasad Pal, and Ravi Kumar Tewari. "Fake Currency Detection Using Image Processing." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.39 (2018): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.39.23931.

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Since last few years, as a result of the great technological advances in color printing, duplicating and scanning, counterfeiting problems have become more and more serious. In the past, only the printing house has the ability to make counterfeit note, but today it is possible for any person to print counterfeit bank notes simply by using a computer and a laser printer at house. Therefore the issue of efficiently verifying counterfeit banknotes from real ones via automatic machines has become more and more important. Counterfeit notes are a problem of almost every country but India has been hi

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Madhuri, R. Raut, and Dr. Krishna K. Warhade Prof. "Counterfeit Currency Detection." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 4 (2018): 1251–55. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14268.

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Nowadays problem of fake currency increases because of increasing in technology like scanning, color printing so result in counterfeit currency. In India increase in fake paper currency notes of 100, 500, 2000 rupees etc. So detection of fake currency is necessary. The determination of fake currency with the help of image processing. Firstly Image acquisition is done then pre processing stage applied to that image for suppress unwanted feature and added some feature which are necessary for further process. Conversion of RGB picture into HSV scale. Then image segmentation applied to that image

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CHARAN, RAM, N. KAVYA, and P. BHAVANA. "FAKE CURRENCY DETECTION USING IMAGE PROCESSING." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 11, no. 1 (2022): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2022.v11i01.012.

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The advent of color printing technology has also allowed for counterfeit currency notes to be printed and duplicated on a large scale. This has been beneficial and used by those who want to work on high notes. Due to the existence of counterfeit documents, India is plagued by various problems such as black money and corruption. This has led to a sharp decline in the value of the country's currency. The following article describes an image processing system that can verify the authenticity of notes in Indian rupee.

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Mr., Rajeev &. Mr. Dhirender. "A SURVEY OF URBAN PEOPLE AWARENESS ABOUT NEW INDIAN CURRENCY SECURITY FEATURES AFTER DEMONETIZATION." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 7 (2017): 563–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.829771.

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Use of currency notes is increasing year by year and so does risk of its holders.It has become need of hour for every country to make its currency difficult to counterfeit.Security features and security printing are the only solution for this problem.Security features not only prevent duplicacyof notes but also save the poor citizens from possible financial loss.This survey work was carried out to understand the awareness level about security features in new currency notes because relevancy of such work has increased by manifold in recent era after demonetization.

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Laavanya, M., and V. Vijayaraghavan. "Real Time Fake Currency Note Detection using Deep Learning." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 1s5 (2019): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a1007.1291s519.

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Great technological advancement in printing and scanning industry made counterfeiting problem to grow more vigorously. As a result, counterfeit currency affects the economy and reduces the value of original money. Thus it is most needed to detect the fake currency. Most of the former methods are based on hardware and image processing techniques. Finding counterfeit currencies with these methods is less efficient and time consuming. To overcome the above problem, we have proposed the detection of counterfeit currency using a deep convolution neural network. Our work identifies the fake currency

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18

Shyamaladevi E, Dr ,., and Jawahar P. "Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) – Transformation of India’s Payment System and Adaptability Survey." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 04 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem02839.

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The concept of currency in India is fundamentally based on trust. This trust is established through a central authority, namely the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), which is responsible for printing, issuing, and circulating currency notes in the country. In addition to traditional currency, there is also a digital form of currency backed by the RBI, designed for transactions, lending, and value storage. This is known as Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). Specifically, India’s CBDC is called as E-Rupee (e₹). This paper presents a conceptual study of the CBDC, exploring the underlying technologi

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19

Ibitoye, Oladapo Tolulope. "Fake Currency Detection using Modified Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network." International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6 (January 30, 2024): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232027.2024.6.5.

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Significant technological advancements in the printing and scanning industries exacerbated the counterfeiting problem. As a consequence, counterfeit currency has an impact on the economy and diminishes the value of genuine currency. Therefore, it is essential to detect the counterfeit currency. The majority of previous methods rely on hardware and image processing techniques. Using these methods to detect counterfeit currency is inefficient and time-consuming. We have proposed a system for the detection of counterfeit currency using a modified faster region-based convolution neural network (Fa

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20

Easa, Haider Khalil, Ali Ali Saber, Noor Kaylan Hamid, and Hindren Ali Saber. "Machine learning based approach for detection of fake banknotes using support vector machine." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 31, no. 2 (2023): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i2.pp1016-1022.

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Currency counterfeiting is a significant offense that has an impact on a nation's finances. Due to the enormous progress in printing technology, it is now quite simple to create fake currency that resembles real currency in both appearance and texture, making it nearly difficult to manually tell them apart. The suggested approach will be helpful in identifying fake currency in financial systems. Because of the rise of fake currency in the market, numerous false note detecting techniques are available globally to address this issue, however the most of them rely on expensive technology. In this

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21

Kunda, Hemalatha, and Sasikala Reddy E. "An Image Processing-Driven System for Fake Currency Detection." International Journal of Emerging Research in Engineering, Science, and Management 2, no. 2 (2023): 10–15. https://doi.org/10.58482/ijeresm.v2i2.2.

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Fake currency is a critical factor affecting economies worldwide, including India. In this paper, a novel and structurally efficient approach for detecting and identifying duplication in currency notes is presented using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The system employs image processing algorithms to extract essential features such as security thread, intaglio printing (RBI logo), and identification mark, which serve as security measures for Indian currency. To identify fake portions in the currency notes and make informed decisions about their authenticity, the matching scores from all fak

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Gutans, Karlis. "Business Days Time Series Weekly Trend and Seasonality." Engineering Proceedings 5, no. 1 (2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021005026.

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The world changes at incredible speed. Global warming and enormous money printing are two examples, which do not affect every one of us equally. “Where and when to spend the vacation?”; “In what currency to store the money?” are just a few questions that might get asked more frequently. Knowledge gained from freely available temperature data and currency exchange rates can provide better advice. Classical time series decomposition discovers trend and seasonality patterns in data. I propose to visualize trend and seasonality data in one chart. Furthermore, I developed a calendar adjustment meth

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Hausken, Kjell, and Guizhou Wang. "A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the Coexistence and Competition Between Hard and Fiat Money." Economies 13, no. 3 (2025): 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13030080.

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This article presents a game-theoretic model analyzing the strategic competition between hard and fiat money, involving a representative player and a consolidated bank (including the central bank). The findings reveal counterintuitive interactions between inflation, interest rates, and monetary policy. When hard money becomes more favorable, through higher interest rates, lower transaction costs, or stronger preferences, the bank responds by withdrawing fiat money, reducing inflation but paradoxically lowering the player’s utility. Conversely, increasing the fiat money interest rate leads to m

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Dale, John M., and Leon N. Klatt. "Principal Component Analysis of Diffuse Near-Infrared Reflectance Data from Paper Currency." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 8 (1989): 1399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894204470.

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Product tampering and product counterfeiting are increasing the need for methods to quickly determine product authenticity. One of the concepts that we are investigating for the detection of counterfeit objects involves the use of pattern recognition techniques to analyze multivariant data acquired from properties intrinsic to the object. The near-infrared reflectance spectra of currency and other paper stock were used as a test system. The sample population consisted of authentic currency, circulated and uncirculated, and cotton and rag paper stock as stand-ins for counterfeit currency. Refle

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Rao, DR K. Rajeshwar. "Detection Of Fake Bank Currency Using Machine Learning." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27453.

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Abstract: The development of colour printing technology has accelerated the production of counterfeit currency notes and their mass duplication. Counterfeiting of banknotes poses a significant threat to the financial system and undermines the integrity of currency .Image analysis to distinguish genuine banknotes from counterfeit ones based on distinctive features. Various image processing algorithms are then employed to extract key features, such as texture, colour, and security elements embedded in the banknotes. These features are crucial for differentiating authentic currency from counterfe

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Teja, Mr Y. Vamsi Krishna. "Detection of Fake Currency Using Machine Learning." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31783.

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Counterfeiting of currency is a growing problem due to advancements in color printing technology, impacting economies worldwide. Fake money is often used for criminal activities, including terrorism. Research indicates that developing countries, like India, are particularly affected. One solution proposed involves analyzing the image of counterfeit currency through pre-processing steps such as converting from RGB to grayscale. This approach aims to tackle the issue of counterfeit currency circulation effectively. After converting the text, the image is divided into sections, its characteristic

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Dimitrijević, Bojan, and Milenko Dželetović. "The war in Ukraine and changes in the global economic system." Socioloski pregled 56, no. 3 (2022): 763–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg56-40104.

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The US years-long irresponsible policy with the excessive printing of dollars, reinforced by the COVID-19 crisis and the war in Ukraine, has led to a large public debt and increasing inflation in the US, which significantly threatens the position of the dollar as the world's reserve currency. The latest challenge to the dollar came from Russia, China and the BRICS countries. The paper analyzes the consequences of the war in Ukraine, the sanctions-based war between Russia and the West, the position of the dollar as the world's reserve currency and the weaknesses of the international financial-m

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Pranav Y. Dave. "Short Review on Printing Ink Technology to Prevent Counterfeit of the Products." Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences 6, no. 4 (2020): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jacs.227.20060401.

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In the recent world, there are number of problems related to counterfeit of the different products. In another way, there are number of products, which can be easily duplicated by simple processes and the product is accurate and precise. Even the counterfeit of currency is also a main problem in world’s economic. So from both ways, the terrorist activities are increasing to destroy the country in economical way. Also, there are number of sectors, which can be effected due to this reason like duplication of electronic products, duplication of food products, duplication of automobile products, d

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Shelke, Priya, Suruchi Dedgaonkar, Ratnmala Bhimanpallewar, Riddhi Mirajkar, and Kanchan Naik. "Fake Currency Detection Using Image Processing and Random Forest Algorithm." Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence & its Applications 2, no. 1 (2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/rtaia.2023.v02i01.004.

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It became relatively easy to make counterfeit currency as technology advanced, such as colour printing. Counterfeit notes are produced so precisely that it's impossible to tell the difference between a genuine and a fake. We can define counterfeit currency notes as copies of actual currency notes produced without the approval of the state or central authority and used to conduct criminal activities. A parallel economy is run with the help of this fake currency note. This parallel economy causes a country's economy to deteriorate, lowering the value of its currency in the global market. As a re

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Маткаримова, Садоқат. "ФEРУЗХОННИНГ ҲАЁТИ ВА ТАРАҚҚИЙПАРВАРЛИК ФАОЛИЯТИ". TAMADDUN NURI JURNALI 1, № 64 (2025): 297–301. https://doi.org/10.69691/3zm9mv89.

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This article analyzes the life of the Khan of Khiva, Muhammad Rahim Khan Soni Feruzkhan, and his progress in ruling activities. Despite the fact that he was the ruler of a colonial country, his support for the Jadids in the khanate, opposition to the introduction of the Russian currency, the development of literature and art, as well as the printing business are investigated based on sources dating back to that time.

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Abrams, Richard K. "The Design and Printing of Bank Notes: Considerations When Introducing a New Currency." IMF Working Papers 95, no. 26 (1995): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451844320.001.

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Yung-Fou Chen, Yung-Fou Chen, Hsin-Hsiung Kao Yung-Fou Chen, and Chih-Ping Yen Hsin-Hsiung Kao. "An Application of Deep Learning Technology in The Recognition of Forged Documents with Color Laser Printing." 電腦學刊 34, no. 5 (2023): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992023103405010.

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<p>Advanced laser printing technology is now widely used in daily life and at work. Because laser printers are so easy to obtain and use, they have also become a popular method for criminals to forge important documents like currency, securities, and certificates. To obtain evidence for document forgery, traditional forensics use chemical analysis of ink, but the cost is high. Laser color printing uses halftone technology. This technology combines the CMYK printing colors&rsquo; halftone screens at their respective angles. When correctly superimposed, they will form a moir&eacute

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Shirshendu, Roy. "Micro economics is strengthened by printing more currency so as to boost Macro economy." International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 5, no. 1 (2018): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v5i1p104.

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Li, Jiayi. "Mathematical Foundations of Machine Learning for Detecting Counterfeit Currency." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 136 (March 31, 2025): 18–27. https://doi.org/10.54097/0zm2j217.

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Due to advancements in printing technology and digital scanning tools, eliminating counterfeit bills has become increasingly challenging. As a powerful solution, machine learning has provided an efficient and automatic manner to facilitate fake bill detection. Here, we focus on the mathematical foundations of machine learning, specifically supervised learning, to develop a neural network capable of detecting fake bills. Using a dataset of dollar bills, key statistic features of images of the bills, e.g., variance and skewness, are analyzed. We unveil how these features are processed through a

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McClary, Carl R. "Design and Security Features of the Euro." Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners 10, no. 1 (2007): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.69525/jasqde.136.

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The largest monetary changeover in Europe’s history occurred on January 1, 2002, when 12 European Union (EU) countries converted their national currencies to a common monetary policy. With this conversion, sophisticated design and security features were implemented, together with counterfeit tracking. Although counterfeits rose remarkably within the first few years, they are now considered stable. Since 2002, 13 out of the 27 EU countries have withdrawn their own notes and coinage from circulation and replaced them with the euro. The changes were not without controversy. However, the result is

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Kumari, Raj, and Anuj Kumar. "The Impact of Digital Currency in India: Reducing Government Pressure on Printing, Distribution, and Storage." International Journal of Trade & Commerce-IIARTC 13, no. 2 (2025): 337–45. https://doi.org/10.46333/ijtc/13/2/8.

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Carvalho de Sá, Brena, Erick Henrique Dutra de Souza, Luciana Paula Reis, and Michael David De Souza Dutra. "Supply chain network design: a case study of the regional facilities analysis for a 3D printing company." International Journal of Production Management and Engineering 10, no. 2 (2022): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2022.17620.

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3D printing supply chain network. The objective is to analyze regional facility configurations in order to lower investment risks for an organization that aims to provide additive manufacturing The growing 3D printing market can be an attraction for investment in new businesses, which may entail strategic planning for new ventures. This paper presents a case study of designing a services for orthopedic and dental prostheses production. To this end, the competitive environment, the aggregating factor and logistic costs, tariffs and tax incentives, regional demand, political factors, the value o

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Shinde, Sagar, Lalitkumar Wadhwa, D. G. Bhalke, et al. "Identification of fake currency using soft computing." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 6, no. 2 (2023): 2024018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024018.

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Advancements in color printing techniques have led to a surge in the creation and duplication of counterfeit currency notes, which has become prevalent in India. Although it was previously difficult to carry out this type of operation, anyone with a laser printer now has the capability to do it. This issue is considered a major problem due to the country's various problems, such as frauds, corruption and black money. It is needed to develop the system for the detection of fake currency. A system that can quickly identify counterfeit money is being developed. The proposed solution will utilize

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Mohammed, Baraa Kasim, and Bayda Khalaf Jabbar. "Detection of Forgery in Iraqi Banknotes of Denominations (25 and 10) Thousand Dinar and Matching Them with the Original Currencies by Microscopic Detection." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science X, no. V (2025): 492–98. https://doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2025.100500045.

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The crime of counterfeiting was known and emerged with the emergence of writing and its widespread use in various aspects of life. The creation and circulation of counterfeit banknotes is currently on the rise, as a result of the progress in color printing technology. This is a serious issue that practically affects all countries and has had a negative impact on developing countries such as Iraq. Therefore, this research sheds light on the ways in which technology can enhance financial independence and honesty in the use and circulation of paper money by detecting it using unconventional metho

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Sezonov, Viktor, and Krystyna Dikevych. "COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF INKS, PAINTS AND DYES AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF DOCUMENT PROTECTION AGAINST COUNTERFEITING." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 68 (July 3, 2023): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2023.68.38.

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This article analyzes the component composition of inks, paints and dyes, and also gives a general description of one or another type of ink or dye and a classification of some of them. The historical aspect of the manufacture of inks and their components is highlighted. Writing ink was first made in ancient Egypt and China around 2500 BC. The features of paints depending on the type of printing (high, gravure, flat offset, screen) are studied and examples of their application are given. Flat offset inks used in newspapers are usually simple in composition. As for letterpress, although this ty

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Aulia, Suci, L. Bagus Budhi, Angga Rusdinar, and R. Yuyun Siti. "Geometric and Grayscale Template Matching for Saudi Arabian Riyal Paper Currency Recognition." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (2018): 4230–38. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4230-4238.

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Detecting the authenticity of paper currencies using automated based Paper Currency Recognition (PCR) with image processing techniques was still a hot topic of discussion, due to the circulation of counterfeit currency that was still overwhelming in some countries. There was a downside along with this advancement in technology in the field of color printing, duplication, and scanning, because it was became one of the supporting factors of the increasing crime rate in production of counterfeit money. Our system has performed a PCR approach based on image processing techniques. In this study, th

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Mekaoui, Hadjira. "Contribution of unconventional funding in addressing the public budget deficit in Algeria “An analytical study 2014-2019”." Finance and Business Economies Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.58205/fber.v4i1.664.

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In this paper we will try to see how unconventional funding has contributed to addressing thepublic budget deficit in Algeria, unconventional funding is an unconventional monetary policy tool used bycentral banks to stimulate the national economy in the Exceptional Circumstances. The study found thatunconventional financing policy in A relies on funding through printing money without cover. Excessivepolicy would creat a set of risks Of currency collapse and high inflation.One of the most important recommendations in this study is to give the monetary authoritygreater independence while strengt

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Eldefrawy, Mohamed Hamdy, and Muhammad Khurram Khan. "Banknote Validation through an Embedded RFID Chip and an NFC-Enabled Smartphone." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/264514.

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With the new, state-of-the-art printing devices and equipment, there has been rapid growth in the counterfeiting of banknotes. Traditional security features on banknotes are easy targets for counterfeiters, and they can easily imitate the original banknotes with fake ones. Conventional methods for validating currency require specialized devices for the authentication of banknotes. However, cost and lack of mobility of sophisticated banknote validation devices are big problems for general consumers. Modern digital solutions are attempting to complement the traditional security features through

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Oladipo, Ogunleye E., Ajayi Adeola, Jegede Charles Temitope, and Ajayi Olaniyi Adewale. "Are there Benefits of Naira Redenomination? Empirical Evidence from Ekiti State University." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 5, no. 2 (2016): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2016.5.2.1208.

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Redenomination of naira has constituted the themes and subject matters of many workshops, conferences and seminars. It has also made top headlines on pages of national dailies and periodicals and has also become subjects of debate in the academia. The consideration ranges from the objectives of naira redenomination to its benefits. Hence, the study examined the benefits of naira redenomination in Nigeria. It employed descriptive statistics with experimental research design and administered questionnaires to 120 randomly selected among lecturers and postgraduate students of departments of manag

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Aulia, Suci, Bagus Budhi L., Angga Rusdinar, and Yuyun Siti R. "Geometric and Grayscale Template Matching for Saudi Arabian Riyal Paper Currency Recognition." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (2018): 4230. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4230-4238.

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<p>Detecting the authenticity of paper currencies using automated based Paper Currency Recognition (PCR) with image processing techniques was still a hot topic of discussion, due to the circulation of counterfeit currency that was still overwhelming in some countries. There was a downside along with this advancement in technology in the field of color printing, duplication, and scanning, because it was became one of the supporting factors of the increasing crime rate in production of counterfeit money. Our system has performed a PCR approach based on image processing techniques. In this

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Alier, Maker Ghai Duk. "Changing South Sudan Currency: A Best policy or Blunder? First thing Fist, Trust and Confidence, Destructive Announcement and Institutional Capability." International Journal of Science and Business 4, no. 12 (2020): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4231786.

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This article focus mainly on alternative policy mechanism as opposed to the government plan to change national currency as it lack the solutions to core economic problems facing South Sudan economy today. For example, hyperinflation, unemployment, poor investment climate, low aggregate GDP and GDP per capita, corruption and economic sabotage. The way out of these economic phenomenon has been elaborated beyond mere statement in the article, and these includes investment in both private and public sector, agricultural productivity to create food surplus in the country as well as fixing the excha

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Bantorina, T., та O. Livandovska. "Cryptocurrency as the Сurrency of the Future Financial System". Modern Economics 24, № 1 (2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v24(2020)-04.

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Annotation. Introduction. At the present stage of development of the world is the rapid functioning of all spheres of society. Based on this, today society seeks to be progressive, modern, and therefore the world introduces us to a new type of money that is gaining popularity – cryptocurrency. Currently, humanity is aimed at finding a more progressive way of realization of any financial transactions with minimal risk. Now, the cryptocurrency is in the same city, where was the first paper money during the popularization of the concept of “printing money”. That is why, after a certain period of

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Zeyniyev, Habil, and Sanubar Gasimova. "On the Issue of 1926 Paper Money Signs of the "Azneft" Trust." Metafizika Journal 7, no. 2 (2024): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33864/2617-751x.2024.v7.i2.102-111.

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For the first time in the article, paper currency signs of the year 1926 of the “Azneft” Trust Department are involved in the study. A brief history of the period, the social and public situation, and a list of private issues in Azerbaijan are provided on the basis of factual material—paper money signs. Indicating the main meaning of this material, the authors have collected and analysed information about the features, varieties, and place of printing of this issue. Also, color images of denominations, which were not previously known and not published, are presented for the first time to the a

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Arnoldus, Arnoldus, Baso Madiong, and Zulkifli Makkawaru. "EFEKTIVITAS PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMALSUAN MATA UANG DI WILAYAH HUKUM KEPOLISIAN RESOR KOTA BESAR MAKASSAR." Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law 7, no. 1 (2024): 09–16. https://doi.org/10.35965/ijlf.v7i1.4563.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses penyidik dalam mengungkap sindikat tindak pidana pemalsuan mata uang dan factor yang menghambat penyidik Kepolisian Resort Kota Besar Makassar dalam meminimalisir sindikat tindak pidana pemalsuan uang. Metode penelitianayang di gunakan adalah penelitian ini adalah yuridis Normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Proses penyidikan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana pencetak dan pengedaran dilaksanakan sesuai dengan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana, menerima laporan, melakukan penyidikan, penangkapan dan penyidikan terhadap tersangka atau tel

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Mbagwu, Onyinyechi Nneka. "Inflationary Trends and Its Determinants in Nigeria." Acman: Accounting and Management Journal 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55208/aj.v3i1.63.

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This study examined Nigerian inflationary trends and drivers from 1985 through 2021(37years). The study explored how Money Supply (MS), Dollar Exchange Rate (DEXCHR), Government Expenditure (GEXP), and National Debt (NDT) affect Nigeria's Inflation Rate (INFLR). The Autoregressive distributed lag model showed mixed integration in aggregate secondary data from a CBN Statistical Bulletin. The model's multicollinearity and heteroskedasticity tests showed that it is homoskedastic and fit for prediction. MS only passed the statistical significance test long-term. This implies that MS is a strong de

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