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Journal articles on the topic 'Currency structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Arapova, E. "Asian Currency Unit: Searching for Optimal Currency Basket Structure." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2015): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-1-40-51.

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The article examines the prospects of monetary integration in East Asia and the speci&#64257;c issue of the Asian Currency Unit (ACU) that could potentially become a core element of Asian monetary integration in the long run. The research explores main initiatives underlying financial cooperation and key obstacles hampering monetary integration in the region. The concept of Asian currency unit was introduced by the East Asian countries as one of the mechanisms aimed to ensure regional financial stability. Being a weighted average of regional currencies ACU is highly negatively affected by

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2

Lustig, Hanno, and Robert J. Richmond. "Gravity in the Exchange Rate Factor Structure." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 8 (2019): 3492–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz103.

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Abstract We relate the risk characteristics of currencies to measures of physical, cultural, and institutional distance. Currencies of countries which are more distant from other countries are more exposed to systematic currency risk. This is due to a gravity effect in the factor structure of exchange rates: When a currency appreciates against a basket of other currencies, its bilateral exchange rate appreciates more against currencies of distant countries. As a result, currencies of peripheral countries are more exposed to systematic variation than currencies of central countries. Trade netwo

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3

Gavieta, Rommel C. "Currency Exchange Risk and Financing Structure." Journal of Structured Finance 6, no. 4 (2001): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2001.320235.

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4

Singh, Shikha, and Mandira Sarma. "Financial Structure and Stability: An Empirical Exploration." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 9, s1 (2020): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2020-0021.

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AbstractThis paper attempts to investigate empirically whether financial and macroeconomic stability of economies are significantly affected by the structure of their financial systems, viz., bank-based and market-based structures. Using panel data estimations based on data from 82 countries for the period of 1996-2012, we find that in general, bank-based financial system contributes significantly to instability of the financial sectors and currency market. We also find some evidence that within the bank-based structure, higher presence of foreign banks is positively associated with currency m

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5

Бунич, Г. А., and Е. Р. Шарма. "Modern aspects of the theory and practice of international reserves." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 12(125) (February 16, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.125.12.004.

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Официальные международные резервы являются институциональной категорией финансовой политики стран. В настоящее время в условиях трансформации международного валютного рынка в условиях валютных и торговых «войн», изменяется структура международных резервов, особенно в части структуры валютных резервов. Дедоллоризация, развитие региональных валютных систем способствуют кардинальному изменению международных валютных резервов. Official international reserves are an institutional category of countries ' financial policies. Currently, in the conditions of transformation of the international monetary

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6

Lustig, Hanno, Andreas Stathopoulos, and Adrien Verdelhan. "The Term Structure of Currency Carry Trade Risk Premia." American Economic Review 109, no. 12 (2019): 4142–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180098.

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Fixing the investment horizon, the returns to currency carry trades decrease as the maturity of the foreign bonds increases. Across developed countries, the local currency term premia, which increase with the maturity of the bonds, offset the currency risk premia. Similarly, in the time-series, the predictability of foreign bond returns in dollars declines with the bonds’ maturities. Leading no-arbitrage models in international finance do not match the downward term structure of currency carry trade risk premia. We derive a simple preference-free condition that no-arbitrage models need to repr

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7

ORTEGA, GUILLERMO J., and DAVID MATESANZ. "CROSS-COUNTRY HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AND CURRENCY CRISES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 17, no. 03 (2006): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918310600856x.

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Using data from a sample of 28 representatives countries, we propose a classification of currency crises consequences based on the ultrametric analysis of the real exchange rate movements time series, without any further assumption. By using the matrix of synchronous linear correlation coefficients and the appropriate metric distance between pairs of countries, we were able to construct a hierarchical tree of countries. This economic taxonomy provides relevant information regarding liaisons between countries and a meaningful insight about the contagion phenomenon.

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8

KORN, OLAF, and PHILIPP KOZIOL. "THE TERM STRUCTURE OF CURRENCY HEDGE RATIOS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 14, no. 04 (2011): 525–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024911006723.

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This paper investigates the variance minimizing currency forward hedge of an exporting firm that is exposed to different sources of risk. In an empirical study, we quantify the corresponding hedge ratios of a "typical" German firm for different hedge horizons. Based on cointegrated vector autoregressive models of prices, interest rates and exchange rates, we show that hedge ratios decrease substantially with the hedge horizon for different currencies, reaching values of one half or less for a ten-years horizon. Our findings can partly explain underhedging of long-term exchange rate exposures a

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9

Fang, Hsing, Kon S. Lai, and Michael Lai. "Fractal structure in currency futures price dynamics." Journal of Futures Markets 14, no. 2 (1994): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fut.3990140205.

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10

Melecky, Martin. "CHOOSING THE CURRENCY STRUCTURE OF FOREIGN-CURRENCY DEBT: A REVIEW OF POLICY APPROACHES." Journal of International Development 24, no. 2 (2010): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1711.

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11

Tsuruta, Masaru. "Interaction between Sovereign Quanto Credit Default Swap Spreads and Currency Options." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 2 (2024): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17020085.

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This study analyzes the term structures of sovereign quanto credit default swap (CDS) spreads and currency options, which are driven by anticipated currency depreciation risk following sovereign credit default (Twin Ds). We develop consistent pricing models for these instruments using a jump-diffusion stochastic volatility model, which allows us to decompose the term structure into the risk components. We find a common risk factor between the intensity process of sovereign credit risk and the stochastic volatility of the exchange rate, and the depreciation risk mainly captures the dependence s

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12

Oleksandra, Vasylchyshyn. "CURRENCY ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UKRAINE: REGULATORY PRIORITIES AND TRANSFORMATION OF CONTROL." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 3 (May 31, 2018): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2018.00656.

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The article is devoted to the topical subject – the study of currency aspects of the financial security of the banking system of Ukraine, taking into account the threats of liberalization of cross-border capital transfer and currency regulation. The main objectives of the article are studying the main threats to the currency security of the banking system of Ukraine in the context of the transformation of currency control within the liberalization of currency relations. In particular, the study found that currency security is one of the main components of the financial security of the ba

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13

Koyama, Kentaro, and Sumihiro Takeda. "Currency basis term structure, cross-border investment flow, and central bank currency swap agreement." International Review of Economics & Finance 83 (January 2023): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2022.09.009.

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14

Oleinov, A. "Currency Structure of the International Economic Relations in the Beginning of the 21st Century." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 20, 2005): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-4-43-57.

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The article analyses currency structure of the international economic relations in the beginning of the 21st century. The author focuses on the changes that have happened in these relations after the introduction of the single European currency. On the basis of data available on the use of the main world currencies by non-residents the article draws a conclusion about a recent significant diversification in the structure of the currency portfolio of the world economy.

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15

Vaughan-Spruce, Hannah. "“Relationships Are the Currency of Mission”." Catholic Social Science Review 27 (2022): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cssr20222713.

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Pope Francis’s evangelistic rallying cry in has rendered the Catholic Church’s mandate to evangelise unmistakable. At the parish level, the response to this mandate has varied from wholehearted and intentional cultural change to polite indifference. Sociologically, structure and culture inescapably influence individual agency in embracing missional identity at every level of the Church’s life. The question of structure—and specifically, pastor transitions from parish to parish—is considered in terms of its impact on a parish’s effectiveness at mission. Structural change may seem impossible; an

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16

Andrey, Gnidchenko. "Bargaining power, product differentiation, and currency patterns in intra-BRICS trade." BRICS Journal of Economics 4, no. 3 (2023): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/brics-econ.4.e102638.

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The paper aims to model the currency structure of intra-BRICS trade using readily available data at the product-country level. The research is motivated by the existence of data availability problem that has arisen because the Bank of Russia does not publish data on invoicing currencies in a detailed breakdown by currency and partner. It involves the two factors that require only trade data: the index of trading partners’ bargaining power and the degree of product quality differentiation. First, I link the hypothetical model share of trade invoiced in the producer currency to the ratio of the

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17

Avdokushin, E., and E. Ivanova. "Choice of Parameters of a Parity Rate and Gold and Foreign Currency Reserves." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2004): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-11-76-91.

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Questions of the choice of parameters of real currency rate and size and structure of gold and foreign currency reserves for the countries with unconvertible currency are considered in the article. It is proposed to search for optimum currency rate on the basis of minimizing probabilistic characteristics of damage from the sum of two kinds of inflation — evolutionary and interventionist. The optimal total size and structure of gold and foreign currency reserves can be calculated on the basis of the probabilistic distribution "efficiency-risk" received as a result of the decision of the problem

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18

BERNOTH, KERSTIN, JÜRGEN VON HAGEN, and CASPER DE VRIES. "The Term Structure of Currency Futures' Risk Premia." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 54, no. 1 (2021): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12872.

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19

Jelonek, Przemysław. "Wojny walutowe." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 3 (November 29, 2014): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.3.7.

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The paper refers to two important aspects of currency wars: their structure and possible changes resulting from the post -crisis adaptation on one hand, and the possibilities of preventing currency wars on the other. The article argues that using currency rate as an instrument of economic policy may increase as economic growth recovery becomes increasingl difficult. The results of the currency war escalation include protectionism in trade and funds transfer

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20

Landmesser‑Rusek, Joanna, and Joanna Andrzejak. "The Topological Structure of the Global Foreign Exchange Market During Crises – Comparative Network Analysis." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 1(115) (2024): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2024.01.115.02.

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Purpose – The aim of this article was to assess the changes in the topological structure of the currency market caused by two crises: the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and Russia’s aggression against Ukraine in 2022. A network of major world currencies was analysed over three six-month sub-periods: the pandemic period 1.02–31.07.2020, the war period 1.02–31.07.2022 and the reference period 1.02–31.07.2021. Research method – We have used the dynamic time warping (DTW) method for comparing time series. DTW distances between pairs of individual currencies were calculated, and, based on them, minimum

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21

Kirkpatrick, Katherine, Christine Savage, Russell Johnston, and Matthew Hanson. "Virtual currency in sanctioned jurisdictions: stepping outside of SWIFT." Journal of Investment Compliance 20, no. 2 (2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-04-2019-0019.

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Purpose To understand and analyze sanctions evasion and enforcement via virtual currencies. Design/methodology/approach Discusses various jurisdictions’ attempts to further the use of virtual currency to facilitate and maximize access to international funds; analyzes the aspects that make virtual currency uniquely suited to evade sanctions; suggests best practices for industry participants to be sure to account for the differences in crypto asset structure and related risks. Findings The US Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has explicitly stated that despite virtual

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22

Casas, Camila, Sergii Meleshchuk, and Yannick Timmer. "The Dominant Currency Financing Channel of External Adjustment." International Finance Discussion Paper 2022, no. 1343 (2022): 1–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2022.1343.

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We provide evidence of a new channel of how exchange rates affect trade. Using a novel identification strategy that exploits firms' foreign currency debt maturity structure in Colombia around a large depreciation, we show that firms experiencing a stronger debt revaluation of dominant currency debt due to a home currency depreciation compress imports relatively more while exports are unaffected. Dominant currency financing does not lead to an import compression for firms that export, hold foreign currency assets, or are active in the foreign exchange derivatives markets, as they are all hedged

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23

reddy, Tharunya Katiki, Urja Damodhar, and Eugene Pinsky. "Exploring the Aspect Ratios of World Currencies: Mining the Numismatics Catalog." International Journal of Data Mining & Knowledge Management Process 15, no. 2 (2025): 01–16. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijdkp.2025.15201.

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Data mining techniques are essential for uncovering patterns and trends in various domains. In this analysis, we examine the aspect ratios of world currencies over time, focusing on historical trends, clustering patterns, and mathematical implications. We identify evolving design standards and their significance by collecting and analyzing web-scraped data from multiple sources. Our discussion is structured into four main areas: (i) currency attributes and dataset structure, (ii) statistical trends in aspect ratios, (iii) clustering of currency designs, and (iv) applications of decomposition t

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24

Yakovleva, Marina Alekseevna. "Reforming subjects of currency regulation and control heading towards digital economy in Russia." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 2 (2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-2-107-115.

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The article analyzes the current system of currency regulation and control and reveals the structure of subjects of currency regulation and control. There have been proposed the changes necessary for adaptation to the conditions of the digital economy. There has been presented the scheme of the unified system of currency regulation and control, and defined its main elements. The retrospective illustrates the process of reforming currency control agencies and agents on the eve of Russia's transition to the digital economy. There have been revealed both current legal norms that determine the str

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25

Krylova, L. V. "US Dollar in the Currency Structure of International Reserves." Economics, taxes & law 13, no. 6 (2020): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2020-13-5-110-119.

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26

Sazuka, Naoya, Toru Ohira, Kouhei Marumo, Tokiko Shimizu, Misako Takayasu, and Hideki Takayasu. "A dynamical structure of high frequency currency exchange market." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 324, no. 1-2 (2003): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(02)01958-1.

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27

Sutherland, Alan. "Currency Crises and the Term Structure of Interest Rates." Open Economies Review 17, no. 1 (2006): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11079-006-5214-1.

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28

Pawlowski, Jaroslaw. "Evolution of Value and Structure of Currency Derivatives Market." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXVIII, Issue 1 (2025): 861–73. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3942.

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29

Mefteh-Wali, Salma, and Marie-Josèphe Rigobert. "The Dual Nature of Foreign Currency Debt and Its Impact on Firm Performance: Evidence from French Non-Financial Firms." Management international 23, no. 1 (2019): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1060063ar.

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We investigate the impact of foreign currency debt on firm performance for a sample of non-financial French firms studied over the period 2002 to 2012. As foreign currency debt is both a financing and hedging instrument against foreign exchange risk, we examine whether its impact results from an optimal hedging policy or a capital structure policy. We find that foreign currency debt and domestic debt have the same positive effect before the crisis and negative impact after. The capital structure theory or the hedging theory can explain this result. During the crisis period, only corporate hedg

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30

Hoffmann, Sebastian. "The Euro in Historical Comparison to the Ruble and the Influence of Overconfidence." European Journal of Marketing and Economics 2, no. 2 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejme-2019.v2i2-66.

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This paper deals with the structured comparison of the former ruble monetary union with the euro currency area. As a basis, developments in the ruble currency area and in the Eurozone are traced. In a comparison of the central components of the currency areas, similarities, such as the heterogeneity of the states, and differences, for example the role of the central bank and the legal foundations of the currency area, are outlined. Subsequently, the significant historical exit causes of the states from the Soviet Union out of the ruble currency zone are presented. In addition to obvious struct

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31

Zhdanova, Lyudmila. "AGGREGATE DEMAND IN UKRAINE: STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS IN THE NATIONAL CURRENCY AND IN PARITY INDICATORS." Economic Analysis, no. 30(4) (2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.04.007.

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Introduction. Ukrainian GDP and its structural elements and trends in their changes over the past years of the XXI century are the subject of the study. Purpose. The aim of the work is to determine and compare the structural parts of aggregate demand in the national currency and on the basis of the purchasing power parity (PPP) of the currency for the past period of the XXI century. Method of work. Categorical apparatus of Keynesianism and using of statistical comparisons are methodological basis of the study. Results of work. The calculations show that in the economy of Ukraine there is a sig

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32

Nagano, Yoshiko. "THE PHILIPPINE CURRENCY SYSTEM DURING THE AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD: TRANSFORMATION FROM THE GOLD EXCHANGE STANDARD TO THE DOLLAR EXCHANGE STANDARD." International Journal of Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (2010): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591409990428.

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This article describes the transformation of the Philippine currency system from a gold exchange standard to a dollar exchange standard during the first half of the twentieth century. During the American colonial period, Philippine foreign trade was closely bound to the United States. In terms of domestic investment, however, it was domestic Filipino or Spanish entrepreneurs and landowners who dominated primary commodity production in the Philippines, rather than American investors. How were both this US-dependent trade structure and the unique production structure of domestic primary commodit

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Ibragimova, Elina S., Muslim M. Suleymanov, and Selima I. Khasieva. "Assessing the impact of monetary instruments on the national currency exchange rate." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 12/22, no. 153 (2024): 120–28. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.12.22.015.

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Until now, most economists often discuss the impact of monetary regulation on the exchange rate of the national currency. The theory of macroeconomics assumes that the exchange rate of the national currency is influenced by monetary instruments, the composition, dynamics and structure of macroeconomic indicators. Specifically, the influence of monetary regulation lies in the regulation of its instruments, which accordingly determine the tasks of monetary regulation. The goal is to disclose the elements of monetary instruments and macroeconomic indicators, analyze the state of the elements, ind

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34

Li, Yaqian. "The Current Status of Digital Currency Development in China." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 117, no. 1 (2024): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/117/20242012.

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Abstract: Digital currencies, as innovative products in the field of financial technology, are characterized by their decentralized structure and strong encryption based on blockchain and other technologies. Although your mention of relying on local area networks may be a bit of a misnomer in the broad sense, as the operation of digital currencies relies more broadly on the Internet rather than a single local area network, the concepts of digital encryption and decentralization it emphasizes are accurate. Legal digital currencies, such as the Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP) issued b

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35

MYKYTYN, Oleh. "CONCEPTUAL PROVISIONS OF CURRENCY LIBERALIZATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MACROECONOMIC TRENDS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 314, no. 1 (2023): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2023-314-1-21.

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The article emphasizes the need for currency liberalization processes in the context of solving the tasks of ensuring the macroeconomic stability of the national economy. The negative changes that occur in the absence of currency liberalization policy in the country are highlighted. A number of scientific views regarding the essence, meaning and conditions of currency liberalization are presented in detail. Conceptual characteristics of currency liberalization are determined, where the concept is considered as a goal, measure, action, tool, prerequisite. The importance of the state’s participa

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Shchurevych, O., and O. Kotsemira. "Financial dollarization in the economy of Ukraine." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 66, no. 5 (2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2020.05.131.

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The essence of dollarization phenomenon is considered in this paper. It is noted that dollarization occurs when the national currency does not completely perform the functions of money. In this case, the national currency is replaced in some transactions by foreign ones. Basically, it is the currency of highly developed countries with sustainable economic development. The defined main causes of dollarization in Ukraine are as follows: depositors attempt to keep their savings from devaluation result in financial crises accompanied by significant devaluation and inflation; distrust in regulator

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Challoumis, Constantinos. "Currency rate and the Cycle of Money theory." Research Papers in Economics and Finance 7, no. 1 (2023): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ref.2023.1.195.

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The current paper explains the fundamental concepts of CM theory (Cycle of Money Theory or otherwise known as Cycle Money Theory). The theory of the Money Cycle examines an economy as a whole, therefore the structure of the economy and the distribution of money in the economy is evaluated in terms of how they interact. An economy with a high index of the money cycle indicates prosperity. The current paper demonstrates that tax evasion causes a delay in tax revenue. Tax evasion, on the other hand, has caused economic harm to the economy because money is stored for tax havens rather than the loc

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Округин, В. Г. "Role of US dollar in Russian foreign trade settlements and perspectives of its change." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 3(116) (May 15, 2020): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.116.3.048.

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В статье представлены результаты изучения динамики доли доллара США в пере числениях, поступлениях и валютном обороте РФ, а также приведены причины изменений. На основе анализа выделен общий тренд в изменении структуры расчетов РФ. Также с учетом проведенного анализа и изученной торговой статистики евро выделено в качестве валюты, имеющей наибольший потенциал в уменьшении доли доллара США в поступлениях РФ. В отношении данной валюты прове дена количественная оценка потенциального изменения. The article presents results of study dedicated to currency structure of inflows, outflows and turnover

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Bereslavska, Olena, and Nataliia Kozii. "BANK SAVINGS OF HOUSEHOLDS: STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS, TRENDS DURING CRISIS STATES OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, no. 28(56) (2023): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2023-28(56)-45-51.

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The article is devoted to the issues assessing the state household bank savings during the crisis states of the Ukrainian economy, which were observed in 2008-2009, 2014-2016, and 2020-2022 and were caused by various reasons. Based on the analysis the structure bank savings, their types, dynamics and trends, it was concluded that the savings behavior of households had multidirectional vectors. In particular, during the crisis states the economy in 2009, 2014-2016, 2020-2021, household savings in the national currency had a downward trend, while in foreign currency – an increasing trend. The ov

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40

Rossi Júnior, José Luiz. "O Uso de Derivativos Cambiais pelas Empresas Brasileiras: uma Investigação Empírica." Brazilian Review of Finance 5, no. 2 (2007): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v5n2.2007.1172.

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This paper studies the use of foreign currency derivatives for a sample of non-financial Brazilian companies from 1996 to 2004. The paper verifies that some of the hypotheses presented by the optimal hedging literature are able to explain the Brazilian companies decision to use currency derivatives and their decision on the amount to use. Moreover, the paper shows that the macroeconomic environment and country-specific factors not analyzed in previous empirical work also play a role in determining the companies risk management practices and that the use of currency derivatives has an impact on

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Fu, Yongshuang, Jiayi Du, and Yajie Wang. "Hedging FX Exposure Risk by Foreign Currency-denominated Debt and Derivatives: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies." Journal of Statistics and Economics 1, no. 2 (2024): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jse.202411215.

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This empirical study explores the determinants of foreign currency debt financing for export-oriented companies, utilizing panel data from Chinese listed companies spanning the period 2015-2019. Across the entire sample, raising foreign currency debt appears to serve as a natural hedging mechanism; employing foreign exchange hedging instruments effectively mitigates foreign exchange risks for these firms. Subsequent analysis demonstrates that industry variations can introduce risk exposure in foreign currency debt, with hedging instruments and foreign debt acting as effective complements or su

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Buesser, Ralf. "The Fine Structure of Currency ReturnsImplied in One-Touch Options." Journal of Derivatives 20, no. 4 (2013): 78–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jod.2013.20.4.078.

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Aparicio-Valverde, Mireia, M. Dolors Celma, and M. Dels Àngels Gil. "Single european currency: Effects on firm structure and personnel management." International Advances in Economic Research 3, no. 3 (1997): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02294911.

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Sharif, Shamshuritawati, Suzilah Ismail, and Zurni Omar. "The impact of 2008 credit crisis on currency stability structure." International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management 23, no. 1 (2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpqm.2018.088619.

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Omar, Zurni, Suzilah Ismail, and Shamshuritawati Sharif. "THE IMPACT OF 2008 CREDIT CRISIS ON CURRENCY STABILITY STRUCTURE." International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management 23, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpqm.2018.10008743.

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Safronova, Elena I. "Positions of China and Brazil On De-Dollarization of International Economic Relations and Prospects for Creating a New World Currency." Problemy Dalnego Vostoka, no. 3 (December 15, 2024): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0131281224030055.

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The paper is devoted to the consideration of the PRC and Brazil stances on the de-dollarization of international economic relations and the expansion of the practice of international payments in national currencies. The use of currencies other than the dollar is seen a logical starting point towards liberating the economic relations of the non-Western world from the pressure of the collective West. This pressure, implemented largely due to the fact, that dollar maintains the function of a world currency (according to K. Marx — “world money”), is aimed to tie economic policies and practices of

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Bunich, Galina A. "PROSPECTS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES’ SETTLEMENT SYSTEM." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4/5, no. 145 (2024): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.04.05.008.

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The transformation of the world economy, the global monetary and financial system and global geopolitical changes determine the desire of countries with similar strategic goals to create international economic unions. The subject of the study is the totality of economic relations in the system of international settlements of the BRICS countries. The informal club of BRICS countries has united developing countries with dynamically developing innovative economies. The club, which has been operating for almost 20 years, has not been able to achieve effective economic integration of the participat

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Greitens, Jan. "Der digitale Euro aus einer historischen Perspektive." Wirtschaftsdienst 103, no. 12 (2023): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wd-2023-0223.

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Abstract The introduction of a digital currency is part of the continuous evolution of the financial system, which has always been driven by technological innovations. For the first time in many years, Western central banks are exposed to potential currency competition. But a digital euro also has the potential to affect the two-tier structure of the grown financial system. The ECB should not engage in an interest rate competition with commercial banks and the digital currency should remain non-interest-bearing. Instead of imposing holding limits, notice periods could also be used to reduce th

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Ivanchenko, Igor. "Prospects for Creating a Reserve Currency by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Countries." Spatial Economics 20, no. 3 (2024): 128–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2024.3.128-153.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the prospects for the creation of a new reserve currency by the (Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) countries to reduce foreign exchange costs in trade transactions, to strengthen integration processes in the Eurasian space, to increase the investment potential of developing Asian countries and to stimulate sustainable economic growth. The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the optimal portfolio structure of collateral assets with the possible issuance of a new reserve currency by the SCO countries. The article concludes that cur

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Afanasyeva, O., and V. Bulaeva. "Financial Market and the Structure of its Instruments." Bulletin of Science and Practice 11, no. 2 (2025): 369–77. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/111/43.

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The article considers the financial market and the structure of its instruments. The authors reveal the content of the capital market, money market, currency market, stock market and derivatives market. The structure of instruments of each type of markets is presented. The use of financial instruments at the present stage of financial market development in Russia is analyzed.

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