Relevant bibliographies by topics / Current accounts balance

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Current accounts balance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 31 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Current accounts balance"

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Черкай and A. Cherkay. "The Formulas of Direct Calculation a Balance of Accounts." Auditor 2, no. 8 (2016): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21060.

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Th e paper considers formulas of direct calculation of values of the fi nal and the current balance of the accounts
 through the records their opening balances and turnovers with positive and negative signs.
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Karahan, Özcan, and Olcay Çolak. "An examination of the causality relationship between current and financial accounts in Turkey." Ekonomski anali 65, no. 224 (2020): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2024007k.

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In today?s economies, where commerce and the economy are strongly interrelated, the relationship between current account and financial account has become crucial. However, economists have not reached a consensus regarding the direction of the causality relationship between capital and current accounts. Our study aims to contribute to the literature by determining the direction of the causality relationship between current and financial accounts in Turkey, applying the Johansen Cointegration Test and the Vector Error Correction (VEC) model to quarterly data for 2002-2018. The empirical results
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Hordei, Oksana, Maryna Riabokin, Yevgen Kotukh, Olena Novytska, and Oleksiy Bluma. "MANAGEMENT OF BALANCES ON THE ACCOUNTS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE INFORMATION AND PROGRAM COMPLEX «LOCAL BUDGET»." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, no. 28(56) (2023): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2023-28(56)-58-68.

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The program-target method of the budget process made it possible to improve the mechanism of social and economic development, in particular, of communities and the country's society as a whole. This method has been used in the budget process of united territorial communities since 2017. Management of account balances is an integral part of the daily analysis of the implementation of the expenditure part of budgets and control over the implementation of budget programs. The introduction of automation of the budget process allowed for improving the balance management process. Features of softwar
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Graff, Michael, Kam Ki Tang, and Jie Zhang. "Does Demographic Change Affect the Current Account? A Reconsideration." Global Economy Journal 12, no. 4 (2012): 1850272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1885.

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This paper re-examines the impact of demographic factors on the current account balance. To this end, we develop an analytical framework that is more general than the one commonly used in the literature in three aspects. First, it accounts for the facts that the world current account balance must be equal to zero. Second, a bigger economy will have greater impacts on others, but be influenced less by them. Third, a more open economy will have greater impacts on others and at the same time be more readily influenced by them. We then confront two alternative empirical specifications based on bot
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Syamsuri, Syamsuri, Nadhilah Nadhilah, and Atika Rukminastiti Masrifah. "Halal Industry Products influence on Current Account in OIC Economics in Asia on 2015 – 2019." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 8, no. 3 (2022): 3401. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i3.5407.

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The Halal industry is growing rapidly, which is driven by the high public demand for halal products. Halal products in various aspects of the industry are the new prima donna. The government hopes that halal products in the export and import approach can overcome the country's problems, especially the current account deficit. The purpose of this study analyses the effect of halal industrial products in the export and import approach on the current account balance of OIC member countries in Asia in 2015-2019. This type of research is quantitative research. The model calculated using the FEM (Fi
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Ndo Ndong, Jean-Sylvain, and Ruphin Ndjambou. "Explanatory factors for the balance of current transactions in the CEMAC zone." Logistics and Transport 59, no. 2 (2023): 51–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26411/83-1734-2015-2-56-4-24.

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Most of the countries in Central Africa have recorded current account deficits since the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The aim of this article is to identify the main factors explaining the behavior of the current account balances of CEMAC member countries. Using a dynamic panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, we use annual data for the period 1970-2018. The results indicate that there is a long-run relationship between the current account balance of the CEMAC countries and the explanatory variables (real exchange rate, terms of trade, domestic savings, GDP growth rate, domestic i
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Urbanovský, Tomáš. "The Connection between the Exchange Rate and the Balance of Payments Accounts in the Czech Republic: An Econometric Approach." Financial Assets and Investing 8, no. 1 (2017): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/fai2017-1-4.

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Relationships between the nominal exchange rate, the current account and the financial account of the balance of payments in the Czech Republic are investigated in this presented paper. The implemented cointegration analysis and vector error correction model suggest one pair of Granger causality. It has been discovered that change in the current account balance Granger-causes a change in financial account balance. This relationship has the nature of two-way Granger causality, which means that a reversed relationship holds as well. Other relationships implying Granger causality were not found.
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Helmy, Ashraf. "The Effect of Institutional Quality on the Balance of Payments in African Countries. A Comparative Study." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 7 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n7p55.

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This study tries to examine the effect of the quality of the institutional framework on the accounts of the balance of payments in a sample of African countries (28 countries) and a sample of countries occupying advanced positions in international economics (15 countries) to determine different indicators of the institutional framework that affect the balances of the current and financial accounts of the balance of payments in the two sample countries through the period 2002-2019. The study applied the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, Akaike info criterion (AIC), to determine
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Davoine, Thomas. "The long run influence of pension systems on the current account." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 20, no. 1 (2019): 67–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747219000258.

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AbstractExplaining cross-country differences in current accounts is difficult. While pay-as-you-go pensions reduce the need to save for retirement, contributions to capital-funded pensions are saved for future consumption. An overlapping-generations analysis shows that capital-funded pensions increase net foreign assets holdings. With a multi-pillar system whose capital-funded part accounts for 18% of pensions, the Austrian current account balance would be 1 percentage point of gross domestic product (GDP) higher than with pure pay-as-you-go pensions in 20 years. By comparison, the Austrian cu
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Zoričić, Zdenka Obuljen, Boris Cota, and Nataša Erjavec. "Financial Liberalization and Current Account Developments in New EU Member States." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 23, no. 1 (2020): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2020-0009.

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AbstractDue to negotiations on accession to the EU, the new EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe went through the financial opening. In the pre-crisis period followed by high liquidity in global markets, most of the EU new member states experienced rapid credit growth, which conditioned the appreciation of the exchange rate. External imbalances and vulnerabilities built up. Countries experienced deterioration in their current accounts. This paper investigates the link between financial openness, real effective exchange rate, financial crisis and current account balance within the P
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Current accounts balance"

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Holtkamp, Nicholas Chadbourne. "China’s Economic "Imbalances" Through the Flow of Funds Tables, 2000-2009." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367391280.

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Ordu, Metin Karabıçak Mevlüt. "Ödemeler bilançosundaki dengesizliklerin ekonomik gelişme üzerine olan etkileri /." Isparta : SDÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TS00611.pdf.

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Adedeji, Olumuyiwa Samson. "The intertemporal approach to modeling the current account : evidence from Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38142.

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This dissertation has two objectives. The first is to modify the existing Present Value Model of the Current Account (PVMCA) to reflect the major features of the Nigerian economy and to determine if this resulting theoretical framework is valid for the analysis of the Nigerian current account for the period 1960--97. The second objective is to examine the excessiveness and sustainability of the Nigerian current account deficits during this period.<br>To achieve these objectives, the thesis presents a model of current account determination that is based upon the permanent-income hypothesis of p
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Kulasi, Farida. "The Feldstein-Horioka Puzzle and capital mobility." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266317.

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Herzog, Ryan William. "Testing saving and investment rates to understand capital mobility and current account solvency /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9170.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-160). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Badinger, Harald, de Clairfontaine Aurélien Fichet, and Wolf Heinrich Reuter. "Fiscal Rules and Twin Deficits: The Link between Fiscal and External Balances." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4579/1/wp196.pdf.

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This paper investigates the relationship between countries' fiscal balances and current accounts with an emphasis on the role of fiscal rules. The direct effect of fiscal policy on the current account via aggregate (import) demand is potentially amplified by indirect effects, materializing through interest rate effects and inter-generational transfers that reduce savings. On the other hand, the implied positive relation between fiscal and external balances is potentially attenuated by offsetting changes in savings through Ricardian equivalence considerations. We expect this attenuation effec
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Dunovska, Jolanta. "Lietuvos mokėjimų balansas: analizė ir perspektyvos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090204_112819-98560.

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Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamas Lietuvos nacionalinis mokėjimo balansas, jo struktūra, reguliavimo metodai, plačiau nagrinėjama einamoji mokėjimo balanso sąskaita ir jos deficitas. Atliekama statistinių nacionalinio mokėjimų balanso duomenų analizė nuo 1998 iki 2007 metų. Vertinama mokėjimų balanso sąskaitų (einamosios, kapitalo, finansinės) tarpusavio priklausomybė bei nagrinėjamas ryšys visų mokėjimų balanso sąskaitų su BVP. Galiausiai atliekamas nacionalinio mokėjimų balanso prognozavimas slenkančio vidurkio bei ekponentinio išlyginimo metodai, kad galima būtų numatyti jo perspekty
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Yi, Chae-Deug. "Fiscal policy effects on the real exchange rate and current account in a small open economy." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29609628.html.

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Mwau, Geoffrey. "Government and private sector responses to external shocks and their effects on the current account : evidence from Kenya, 1973-1988." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28497.

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This thesis analyzes the effects of external shocks and government policy responses on the current account in Kenya. We attempt to isolate two effects on the current account which arise from the impact of external shocks to the economy. The first one is attributed to a direct response by private agents to the shock. The second arises from the optimal response by the government to counteract the effects of the shock on the economy and depends on the government's objectives. It is hypothesized that these two effects can explain the behavior of the current account in many developing countries.<br
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Assogbavi, Koutchogna. "Global imbalances and international trade in the era of climate challenges." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0120.

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Cette thèse examine empiriquement différentes questions-clés d'économie et de finance internationales sous le prisme de la montée des risques liés au changement climatique et aux politiques d'atténuation. Le premier chapitre analyse les déséquilibres mondiaux des comptes courants, particulièrement depuis la crise de 2008, en identifiant des facteurs comme le développement financier et les variables institutionnelles influençant ces déséquilibres par des variations de l’épargne et des investissements. Les prédictions de comptes courants montrent des excédents au Japon, en Chine et en Allemagne.
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Books on the topic "Current accounts balance"

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Ventura, Jaume. Towards a theory of current accounts. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2002.

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Ventura, Jaume. Towards a theory of current accounts. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Kraay, Aart. Current accounts in debtor and creditor countries. World Bank, Development Research Group, Macroeconomics and Growth Division, 1997.

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Kraay, Aart. Current accounts in the long and short run. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Clausen, Jens R. On cyclicality in the current and financial accounts: Evidence from nine industrial countries. International Monetary Fund, Monetary and Financial Systems Dept and IMF Institute, 2005.

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Calderón, César. Are African current account deficits different?: Stylized facts, transitory shocks, and decomposition analysis. International Monetary Fund, 2001.

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Leonard, Greg. Current accounts and exchange rates: A new look at the evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Parikh, Ashok. Impact of liberalization, economic growth and trade policies on current accounts of developing countries: An econometric study. United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2002.

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Milesi-Ferretti, Gian Maria. Current account reversals and currency crises: Empirical regularities. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Edwards, Sebastian. Thirty years of current account imbalances, current account reversals and sudden stops. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Current accounts balance"

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Bundey, John. "Geographical breakdown of current account." In United Kingdom Balance of Payments. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-99584-4_10.

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Haughton, Andre. "Determinants of Current Account Imbalances." In Developing Sustainable Balance of Payments in Small Countries. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53031-4_3.

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Baharumshah, Ahmad Zubaidi, Siew-Voon Soon, and Hamizun Ismail. "Budget Deficits and Current Account Balances." In Emerging Markets and Financial Resilience. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137266613_6.

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Sinn, Hans-Werner. "Current Account, Capital Movements and Target Balances." In The Economics of Target Balances. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50170-9_3.

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Rübel, Gerhard. "External Debt and the Balance on Current Account." In Factors Determining External Debt. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83655-8_2.

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Haughton, Andre. "Current Account Subgroups and Real Exchange Rate Dynamics." In Developing Sustainable Balance of Payments in Small Countries. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53031-4_4.

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Rübel, Gerhard. "Non-traded Goods and the Balance on Current Account." In Factors Determining External Debt. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83655-8_4.

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Mustapha-Jaji, Olaide Kafayat, and Nargiza Alymkulova. "Monetary Policy and Current Account Balances in Nigeria (1981–2020)." In COVID-19, Supply Chain, Climate Change, and Sustainable Development in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26121-3_7.

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Ekinci, Mehmet Fatih, and Tolga Omay. "Asymmetric Effects of Credit Growth on the Current Account Balance: Panel Data Evidence." In Global Issues in Banking and Finance. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30387-7_2.

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Banerjee, Purna, and Sonalika Sinha. "Current Account Balances and Non-financial Corporate Savings—A Cross-Country Perspective." In India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7062-6_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Current accounts balance"

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Putri Kurniadi, Anggi, and Hasdi Aimon. "Determinants of the current account balance in Indonesia." In International Conferences on Educational, Social Sciences and Technology. Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/2018125.

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Kordić, Ninela, Jelena Gajić, and Jelena Stanković. "Market research for creating current account balance equilibrium." In Synthesis 2015. Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/synthesis-2015-594-598.

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Gulzar, Saqib. "Causes of fluctuation in the current account balance of Pakistan." In 2008 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2008.4669051.

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Anwar, Cep, Indra Suhendra, Rah Adi Ginanjar, Suci Oktari, and Deris Desmawan. "Exchange Rate and Current Account Balance: Evidence from ASEAN-5 Countries." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainability in Technological, Environmental, Law, Management, Social and Economic Matters, ICOSTELM 2022, 4-5 November 2022, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-11-2022.2329707.

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Jen, Tien-Chien, and Tuanzhou Yan. "Numerical Simulation and Modeling of Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol Fuel Cell." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97088.

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A two-phase flow model was developed for liquid-feed methanol fuel cells (DMFC) to evaluate the effects of various operating parameters on the DMFC performance. In this study, a general homogenous two-dimensional model is described in details for both porous layers and fluid channels. This two-dimensional general model accounts for fluid flow, electrochemical kinetics, current density distribution, hydrodynamics, multi-component transport, and methanol crossover. It starts from basic transport equations including mass conservation, momentum transport, energy balance, and species concentration
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Uygur, Ercan. "Current Account Fragilities in the Balkan Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01174.

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The basic aim of this paper is to make an evaluation of the current account deficits in the Balkan countries. Particularly, sustainability of these deficits is explored for some countries on the basis of a criterion that makes use of variables including foreign debt ratio, growth rate, exchange rate, foreign interest rate and foreign trade balance ratio. Countries with significant current account deficit/GDP ratios include, in descending order, Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Turkey, Serbia and Macedonia. Sources of financing of the current account deficits, real exchange rates and inflation are
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Acar, Tuğçe, and İsmail Erkan Çelik. "Panel Data Analysis on Technology Transfer and Economic Growth: The Case of Eurasian Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02379.

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Foreign Direct investments are interest to emerging countries as they may fuel growth. Countries compete with each other to attract new direct investment as they are permanent. This paper searches the relationship between technology transfer and economic growth in ten Eurasian countries via panel data analysis. For this purpose, gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, and current account balance are used as variables. The sample period is from 2000 to 2018. Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test is used to because of heterogeneity The study provides evidence for a causal relatio
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Kamacı, Ahmet, and Yener Oğan. "The Affects of Tourism Revenues on Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00859.

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After the end of the Eastern Block, The Turkic republics tried to solve the problems with the help of Republic of Turkey which they felt near to them. With his international experiences Turkey became the leader of the Turkic republics. Tourism revenues which is in the current accounts of the balance of payments, contributes to the development of the country by encouring both the employment and the growth numbers. The main reason of this is that the revenues of the tourism is both the main source in the financement of the foreign deficit and the budget deficit. In this paper the revenues of tou
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Berthold, Christian, Johann Gross, Christian Frey, and Malte Krack. "Analysis of Friction-Saturated Flutter Vibrations With a Fully-Coupled Frequency Domain Method." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16253.

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Abstract Flutter stability is a dominant design constraint of modern gas and steam turbines. Thus, flutter-tolerant designs are currently explored, where the resulting vibrations remain within acceptable bounds. In particular, friction damping has the potential to yield Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) in the presence of a flutter instability. To predict such LCOs, it is the current practice to model the aerodynamic forces in terms of aerodynamic influence coefficients, derived for some normal modes of the linearized structural model and fixed oscillation frequency. However, this approach negle
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Hsu, Tai-Wen, Jian-Ming Liau, Shan-Hwei Ou, and Chih-Yung Shin. "WWM Extended to Account for Wave Diffraction on a Current Over a Rapidly Varying Topography." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57981.

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The WWM (wind wave model) is extended to account for wave refraction-diffraction for wind waves propagating over a rapidly varying seabed in the presence of current. The wave diffraction effect is introduced into the wave action balance equation through the correction of wavenumber and propagation velocities using a diffraction corrected parameter. The approximation is based on the mild-slope equation for wave refraction-diffraction with current effect on a rapidly varying sea bottom. The relative importance of additional terms that influence the corrected diffraction parameter in the presence
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Reports on the topic "Current accounts balance"

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Levy, Paulo. Preconditions for Establishing Structural Fiscal Balances in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Case of Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006964.

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Fiscal policy has been at the center of Brazil's economic dynamics and performance for more than 30 years. In this line, the approval and implementation of a Fiscal Responsibility Law in 2000 was a key step in supporting fiscal sustainability and the transparency of fiscal accounts. Despite these improvements, removing the uncertainties and addressing the imbalances that still persist in fiscal policy-a long-term trend of rising expenditures and tax burden-will be a crucial step when considering further modifications to the current framework, especially regarding the introduction of a structur
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Chinn, Menzie, and Jaewoo Lee. Three Current Account Balances: A "Semi-Structuralist" Interpretation. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11853.

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Agudelo-Rivera, Camila, Clark Granger-Castaño, and Andrés Sánchez-Jabba. The Expected Effects of Climate Change on Colombia’s Current Account. Banco de la República Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1214.

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This study analyzes the expected effects of climate change on Colombia’s current account. To this end, we present a literature review that outlines how climate-related risks could impact the balance of payments, complemented with an analysis that illustrates how the 2014-2015 oil shock affected the country's external sector. Subsequently, we show a projection of the current account balance through 2050 under different climate scenarios in order to establish whether the incidence of these risks would affect the country’s long-run current account. Our results indicate that achieving net-zero emi
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Sinn, Hans-Werner, and Timo Wollmershaeuser. Target Loans, Current Account Balances and Capital Flows: The ECB's Rescue Facility. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17626.

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Chinn, Menzie, and Hiro Ito. Current Account Balances, Financial Development and Institutions: Assaying the World "Savings Glut". National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11761.

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Mejía, Luis Fernando, Alejandro Izquierdo, and Guillermo A. Calvo. On the Empirics of Sudden Stops: The Relevance of Balance-Sheet Effects. Inter-American Development Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010819.

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Using a sample of 32 developed and developing countries we analyze the empirical characteristics of Sudden Stops in capital flows and the relevance of balance-sheet effects in the likelihood of their occurrence. We find that large real exchange rate (RER) fluctuations accompanied by Sudden Stops are basically an emerging market (EM) phenomenon. Sudden Stops seem to come in bunches, grouping together countries that are different in many respects. However, countries are similar in that they remain vulnerable to large RER fluctuations. This may be the case because countries are forced to make lar
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7

Merkulova, Yuliya. Система цифровых моделей - новая технология для баланса данных. Yuliya Merkulova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0430.26042021.

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Use of the digital technologies is new and very productive approach for balance of different data. It is very important for balance of supply and demand and for increase of competitiveness of products. Various types of digital models were developed as a result of scientific research, they found reflection in article. Digital models for the description of the list of the sequences of steps and operations of various stages and process in general allow to install system of interrelations between operations and steps and to reach necessary log-ic, increase of effectiveness of any process. Object-r
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8

Islam, Wajid, and Junaid Ahmed. To Borrow or Not to Borrow: Empirical Evidence from the Public Debt Sustainability of Pakistan. Asian Development Bank Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/mowj8135.

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We aim to evaluate the public debt sustainability of Pakistan using the debt sustainability analysis (DSA) framework and fiscal reaction function (FRF). For the empirical analysis, we use relevant important macroeconomic variables, such as public debt, external debt, primary balance, output growth, current account balance, and oil prices, over the period 1976–2021. The results of the DSA suggest that, at the 10% growth rate with a real interest rate lower than 10%, the public debt level can be brought under the 60% standard sustainable limit from the current 80% by the year 2030. Furthermore,
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9

Aizenman, Joshua, Donghyun Park, Irfan A. Qureshi, Jamel Saadaoui, and Gazi Salah Uddin. The Performance of Emerging Markets During the Fed’s Easing and Tightening Cycles A Resilience Analysis Across Economies. Asian Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps240365-2.

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This study investigates the determinants of emerging markets performance during five United States Federal Reserve monetary tightening and easing cycles from 2004 to 2023. It shows how macroeconomic and institutional variables are associated with emerging markets’ performance, determinants of resilience differ during tightening versus easing cycles, and institutions matter more during difficult times. Findings are largely consistent with economic intuition, i.e., current account balance, international reserves, and inflation are all important determinants of emerging markets resilience.
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Warnock, Francis E., John D. Burger, Alessandro Rebucci, and Veronica Cacdac Warnock. External Capital Structures and Oil Price Volatility. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010740.

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This paper assesses the extent to which a countrys external capital structure can aid in mitigating the macroeconomic impact of oil price shocks. Two Caribbean economies highly vulnerable to oil price shocks are considered: an oil importer (Jamaica) and an oil exporter (Trinidad and Tobago). From a risk-sharing perspective, a desirable external capital structure is one that, through international capital gains and losses, helps offset responses of the current account balance to external shocks. It is found that both countries could alter their international portfolio to provide a better buffer
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