Academic literature on the topic 'Current carrying critical states'
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Journal articles on the topic "Current carrying critical states"
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Kirchner, Stefan, and Qimiao Si. "On the concept of effective temperature in current carrying quantum critical states." physica status solidi (b) 247, no. 3 (2010): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200983073.
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Zhao, Songyuan, S. Withington, D. J. Goldie, and C. N. Thomas. "Nonlinear Properties of Supercurrent-Carrying Single- and Multi-Layer Thin-Film Superconductors." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 199, no. 1-2 (2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-019-02306-3.
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AbstractSuperconducting thin films are central to the operation of many kinds of quantum sensors and quantum computing devices: kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs), travelling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs), qubits, and spin-based quantum memory elements. In all cases, the nonlinearity resulting from the supercurrent is a critical aspect of behaviour, either because it is central to the operation of the device (TWPA), or because it results in nonideal second-order effects (KID). Here, we present an analysis of supercurrent-carrying superconducting thin films that is based on the generalized Usadel equations. Our analysis framework is suitable for both homogeneous and multi-layer thin films, and can be used to calculate the resulting density of states, superconducting transition temperature, superconducting critical current, complex conductivities, complex surface impedances, transmission line propagation constants, and nonlinear kinetic inductances in the presence of supercurrent. Our analysis gives the scale of kinetic inductance nonlinearity ($$I_*$$I∗) for a given material combination and geometry, and is important in optimizing the design of detectors and amplifiers in terms of materials, geometries, and dimensions. To investigate the validity of our analysis across a wide range of supercurrent, we have measured the transition temperatures of superconducting thin films as a function of DC supercurrent. These measurements show good agreement with our theoretical predictions in the experimentally relevant range of current values.
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Zaspel, C. E., G. M. Wysin, and B. A. Ivanov. "Magnetic Chiral Solitons Stabilized by Oersted Field at a Thin-Film Nanocontact with Electric Current." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, no. 10 (2019): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.10.933.
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Static magnetic solitons in a thin film such as skyrmions are metastable states that can be stabilized through a balance of the exchange interaction and various relativistic interactions. One of the most effective stabilizing terms is the antisymmetric exchange along with others such as magnetostatic interactions in confined structures, as well as a current-carrying nanocontact on a thin ferromagnetic film. In this article, the effect of a nanocontact current on the energies of both topological (T-type) and nontopological (NT-type) solitons has been investigated. Without an antisymmetric exchange interaction, the Oersted field from a nanocontact can stabilize both soliton types with the NT soliton as the ground state. With the antisymmetric exchange, there is a critical nanocontact current, where the T soliton becomes the ground state.
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Caetano, Daniel L. Z., Sidney J. de Carvalho, Ralf Metzler, and Andrey G. Cherstvy. "Critical adsorption of multiple polyelectrolytes onto a nanosphere: splitting the adsorption–desorption transition boundary." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 167 (2020): 20200199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0199.
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Employing extensive Monte Carlo computer simulations, we investigate in detail the properties of multichain adsorption of charged flexible polyelectrolytes (PEs) onto oppositely charged spherical nanoparticles (SNPs). We quantify the conditions of critical adsorption—the phase-separation curve between the adsorbed and desorbed states of the PEs—as a function of the SNP surface-charge density and the concentration of added salt. We study the degree of fluctuations of the PE–SNP electrostatic binding energy, which we use to quantify the emergence of the phase subtransitions, including a series of partially adsorbed PE configurations. We demonstrate how the phase-separation adsorption–desorption boundary shifts and splits into multiple subtransitions at low-salt conditions, thereby generalizing and extending the results for critical adsorption of a single PE onto the SNP. The current findings are relevant for finite concentrations of PEs around the attracting SNP, such as the conditions for PE adsorption onto globular proteins carrying opposite electric charges.
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Ebrahimigharehbaghi, Shima, Queena K. Qian, Frits M. Meijer, and Henk J. Visscher. "Homeowners' Decisions Towards Energy Renovations - Critical Stages and Sources of Information." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103014.
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The European Commission aims to decrease GHG emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 (EU, 2017). The housing stock has a considerable share that equals to 40% of energy consumption and 36% of emissions in the EU. The current research aims to evaluate the homeowners’ energy renovation decisions on the exterior, interior, and insulation/installation of their house. The householders’ renovation decisions are analyzed with regards to (1) which stages to help/support and (2) what information is essential in the renovation process. Considering the extent of difficulty for private homeowners’ in accessing information and complexity in conducting the renovation, transaction cost (TC) theory is applied in understanding the decisions. The data has been collected through a survey among 3,776 of the Dutch homeowners in 2012. Then, statistical and logistic regression analysis has been conducted to analyze the renovation decisions for two groups of homeowners: renovators and potential renovators. According to the results and the outcomes of this study: (1) For the renovators: (a) the main identified stages in getting help are in carrying out the renovation, determining the costs, and looking for the reliable professional/ contractor, (b) the main identified sources of information are at the maintenance/ installation companies, family/ friends, and via internet; (2) For the potential renovators: (a) the main identified help stages are in determining the costs, looking for a reliable professional and carrying out the renovation/ improvement, (b) the main identified sources of information are via the internet, by a maintenance/ installation companies, and family/ friends. The main difference among the renovators is for insulation/ installation. The most significant stage in getting help for insulation/installation is to find out the most efficient solutions. Similar results have been found for the potential renovators; the only difference was in the order of the influencing factors.
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Van Stelten, A., J. M. Simpson, Y. Chen, et al. "Significant Shift in Median Guinea Pig Infectious Dose Shown by an Outbreak-AssociatedListeria monocytogenesEpidemic Clone Strain and a Strain Carrying a Premature Stop Codon Mutation ininlA." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 7 (2011): 2479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02626-10.
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ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenescontains (i) epidemic clone (EC) strains, which have been linked to the majority of listeriosis outbreaks worldwide and are overrepresented among sporadic cases in the United States, and (ii) strains commonly isolated from ready-to-eat foods that carry a mutation leading to a premature stop codon (PMSC) ininlA, which encodes the key virulence factor internalin A (InlA). Internalin A binds certain isoforms of the cellular receptor E-cadherin to facilitate crossing the intestinal barrier during the initial stages of anL. monocytogenesinfection. Juvenile guinea pigs, which express the human isoform of E-cadherin that binds InlA, were intragastrically challenged with a range of doses of (i) an EC strain associated with a listeriosis outbreak or (ii) a strain carrying a PMSC mutation ininlA. Recovery ofL. monocytogenesfrom tissues (i.e., liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileum) was used to develop strain-specific dose-response curves on the basis of individual and combined organ data. Modeling of individual and combined organ data revealed an approximate 1.2 to 1.3 log10increase in the median infectious dose for the strain carrying a PMSC ininlArelative to that for the EC strain. Inclusion of the strain parameter significantly improved the goodness of fit for individual and combined organ models, indicating a significant shift in median infectious dose for guinea pigs challenged with aninlAPMSC strain compared to that for guinea pigs challenged with an EC strain. Results from this work provide evidence that theL. monocytogenesdose-response relationship is strain specific and will provide critical data for enhancement of current risk assessments and development of future risk assessments.
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Ozdemir Dag, G., and Mustafa Bagriyanik. "A Parallel Implementation of Unscheduled Flow Control in Interconnected Power Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/376291.
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The unscheduled power flow problem needs to be minimized or controlled as soon as possible in a deregulated power system since the transmission systems are mostly operated at their power-carrying limits or very close to it. The time spent for simulations to determine the current states of all the system and control variables of the interconnected power system is important. Taking necessary action in case of any failure of equipment or any other occurrence of an undesired situation could be critical. Using supercomputing facilities and parallel computing techniques together decreases the computation time greatly. In this study, a parallel implementation of a multiobjective optimization approach based on both genetic algorithms and fuzzy decision making to manage unscheduled flows is presented. Parallel computation techniques are applied using supercomputers (high-performance computers). The proposed method is applied to the IEEE 300 bus test system. Two different cases for some parameters of GA are considered to see the power of parallel computation technique. Then the simulation results are presented.
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ARAICO, J. ANSÓTEGUI, I. ORTIZ DE ZARATE ALBERDI, and F. REBOLLO ARRIBAS. "POSTBUCKLING DEGRADATION FE ANALYSIS OF STIFFENED COMPOSITE PANELS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 10, no. 04 (2010): 645–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945541000366x.
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The capability of a commercial industrial tool, ABAQUS, to simulate the critical damage mechanisms in stiffened composite panels has been evaluated. The analysis and conclusions are supported by experimental results. The focus is on skin–stringer separation during compressive loading. Results show that the advanced degradation modeling capabilities present in commercial codes today may lead to an accurate characterization of the deep postbuckling range behavior and the collapse of stiffened composite panels. Compared to current design practice, where the first indication of ply failure or the onset of damage propagation is taken as the failure load, the methods used here provide a way to exploit the reserves in composite structures. It is concluded that implementing degradation mechanisms (composite ply and adhesive interface degradation) presents a significant improvement to simulate accurately the deep postbuckling states and collapse for stiffened composite panels with adhesively bonded stringers. The nature of the final loss of load-carrying capacity for this type of structures, by composite ply and adhesive interface failure, driven by postbuckling deformation, makes this simulation approach essential.
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Fornaciai, Michele, and Joonkoo Park. "Neural Dynamics of Serial Dependence in Numerosity Perception." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 1 (2020): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01474.
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Serial dependence—an attractive perceptual bias whereby a current stimulus is perceived to be similar to previously seen ones—is thought to represent the process that facilitates the stability and continuity of visual perception. Recent results demonstrate a neural signature of serial dependence in numerosity perception, emerging very early in the time course during perceptual processing. However, whether such a perceptual signature is retained after the initial processing remains unknown. Here, we address this question by investigating the neural dynamics of serial dependence using a recently developed technique that allowed a reactivation of hidden memory states. Participants performed a numerosity discrimination task during EEG recording, with task-relevant dot array stimuli preceded by a task-irrelevant stimulus inducing serial dependence. Importantly, the neural network storing the representation of the numerosity stimulus was perturbed (or pinged) so that the hidden states of that representation can be explicitly quantified. The results first show that a neural signature of serial dependence emerges early in the brain signals, starting soon after stimulus onset. Critical to the central question, the pings at a later latency could successfully reactivate the biased representation of the initial stimulus carrying the signature of serial dependence. These results provide one of the first pieces of empirical evidence that the biased neural representation of a stimulus initially induced by serial dependence is preserved throughout a relatively long period.
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Loesch, Charles R., Ronald E. Reynolds, and LeRoy T. Hansen. "An Assessment of Re-Directing Breeding Waterfowl Conservation Relative to Predictions of Climate Change." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 3, no. 1 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/032011-jfwm-020.
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Abstract The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has a long history of habitat conservation in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States that has focused on migratory birds, particularly waterfowl. The ongoing acquisition program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System has conserved approximately 1.1 million hectares of critical breeding waterfowl habitat. Results of recent predicted future climate scenarios are being used to suggest that waterfowl conservation be shifted away from currently important areas in the western and central portions of the U.S. PPR eastward, to locations where wetland and climate models suggest may become more conducive for providing wetland habitat for breeding ducks in the future. We used 24 years of breeding waterfowl and wetland monitoring data collected by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge System in the PPR of North and South Dakota and northeast Montana, along with land value and restoration cost data to conduct an economic assessment of the biological risk of refocusing waterfowl conservation efforts eastward due to recent projections of climate change. We considered the immediate risk of the loss of existing wetland and grassland resources in the western portion of the U.S. PPR, their current carrying capacity and production potential, the financial cost of protection vs. restoration relative to current conservation priorities, and the uncertainty of climate change effects on waterfowl habitat distribution. Because unprotected wetland and grassland habitats exist in the western and central portions of the PPR that are important for maintaining current waterfowl carrying capacity and productivity, and climate change effects are highly uncertain, maintaining the current focus of habitat protection appears to be the most cost effective approach for waterfowl habitat conservation efforts. Additionally, continued intensive monitoring activities designed to detect changing waterfowl populations and upland and wetland habitat as they relate to anthropogenic impacts (e.g., pattern tile drainage, grassland conversion) and climatic changes (e.g., wetland hydro-period), should provide more precise results to inform and adapt management and conservation activities accordingly should spatial and temporal changes in wet-dry cycles occur in the future.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Current carrying critical states"
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Zamani, Farzaneh. "Local quantum criticality in and out of equilibrium." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-213688.
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In this thesis I investigate several aspects of local quantum criticality, a concept of key importance in a number of physical contexts ranging from critical heavy fermion compounds to quantum dot systems.
Quantum critical points are associated with second order phase transitions at zero temperature. In contrast to their finite-temperature counterparts, the zero-point motion cannot be neglected near a quantum critical point. As a result, the incorporation of quantum dynamics leads to an effective dimension larger than the spatial dimension of the system for the order parameter fluctuations within the Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson treatment of criticality. This so-called quantum-to-classical mapping works well for the critical properties in insulating systems but apparently fails in systems containing gapless fermions. This has been experimentally most clearly been demonstrated within a particular class of intermetallic compounds called heavy fermions. A particular way in which the Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson paradigm fails is for critical Kondo destruction that seems to underlie the unconventional quantum criticality seen in the heavy fermions. I focus on studying the properties of critical Kondo destruction and the emergence of energy-over-temperature-scaling in systems without spatial degrees of freedom, i.e., so-called quantum impurity systems. In particular, I employ large-N techniques to address critical properties of this class of quantum phase transitions in and out of equilibrium. As quantum critical systems are characterized by a scale-invariant spectrum with many low-lying excitations, it may appear that any perturbation can lead to a response beyond the linear response regime. Understanding what governs the non-linear response regime near quantum criticality is an interesting area.
Here, I first present a path integral version of the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation which relates the functional integral form of the partition function of the Anderson model to that of its effective low-energy model. The equivalence between the low-energy sector of the Anderson model in the Kondo regime and the spin-isotropic Kondo model is usually established via a canonical transformation performed on the Hamiltonian, followed by a projection. The resulting functional integral assumes the form of a spin path integral and includes a geometric phase factor, i.e. a Berry phase. The approach stresses the underlying symmetries of the model and allows for a straightforward generalization of the transformation to more involved models. As an example of the efficiency of the approach I apply it to a single electron transistor attached to ferromagnetic leads and derive the effective low-energy model of such a magnetic transistor.
As Kondo screening is a local phenomenon, it and its criticality can be studied using the appropriate impurity model. A general impurity model to study critical Kondo destruction is the pseudogap Bose-Fermi Kondo model. Here, I concentrate on the multi-channel version of the model using the dynamical large-N study. This model allows to study the non-trivial interplay between two different mechanisms of critical Kondo destruction. The interplay of two processes that can each by itself lead to critical Kondo destruction. The zero-temperature residual entropy at various fixed points for the model is also discussed.
The two channel Anderson model exhibits several continuous quantum phase transitions between weak- and strong-coupling phases. The non-crossing approximation (NCA) is believed to give reliable results for the standard two-channel Anderson model of a magnetic impurity in a metal. I revisit the reliability of the NCA for the standard two channel Anderson model (constant conduction electron density of states) and investigate its reliability for the two-channel pseudogap Anderson model. This is done by comparing finite-temperature, finite-frequency solutions of the NCA equations and asymptotically exact zero-temperature NCA solutions with numerical renormalization-group calculations. The phase diagram of this model is well established. The focus here will be on the dynamical scaling properties obtained within the NCA.
Finally, I study the thermal and non-thermal steady state scaling functions and the steady-state dynamics of the pseudogap Kondo model. This model allows us to study the concept of effective temperatures near fully interacting as well as weak-coupling fixed points and compare the out-of-equilibrium scaling properties of critical Kondo destruction to those of the traditional spin-density wave (SDW) scenario. The differences I identify can be experimentally probed. This may be helpful in identifying the nature of the quantum critical points observed in certain heavy fermion compounds.
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Asano, Yasuhiro, Yuki Sawa, Yukio Tanaka, and Alexander A. Golubov. "Odd-frequency pairs and Josephson current through a strong ferromagnet." American Physical Society, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11285.
Full textBooks on the topic "Current carrying critical states"
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Fitzpatrick, Joyce J. Annual Review of Nursing Research 10, 1992: Focus on Current Critical Nursing Problems. Springer Publishing Company, 1992.
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McHenry, Kevin. Special schools as resource centres: A critical examination of current experience in Great Britain and the United States. typescipt, 1986.
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G, Cordesman Justin, and Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), eds. Cyber-threats, information warfare, and critical infrastructure protection: Defending the U.S. homeland. Praeger, 2002.
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United, States Congress Senate Committee on Health Education Labor and Pensions Subcommittee on Public Health. Protecting human subjects in research: Are current safeguards adequate? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Health of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, on examining current safeguards concerning the protection of human subjects in research, while facilitating critical medical research, April 23, 2002. U.S. G.P.O., 2002.
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Deutschmann, David, and Roger Ricardo. Guantánamo: A Critical History of the Us Base in Cuba (Radical History). 2nd ed. Ocean Press (AU), 2007.
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Omvig, James, and C. Edwin Vaughan. Education and Rehabilitation for Empowerment (Critical Concerns on Blindness) (Critical Concerns on Blindness). IAP - Information Age Publishing, 2005.
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omvig, James, and C. Edwin Vaughan. Education and Rehabilitation for Empowerment (Critical Concerns on Blindness) (Critical Concerns on Blindness). IAP - Information Age Publishing, 2005.
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Cole, Luke, and Sheila Foster. From the Ground Up: Environmental Racism and the Rise of the Environmental Justice Movement (Critical America Series). New York University Press, 2000.
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Cordesman, Justin G., and Anthony H. Cordesman. Cyber-Threats, Information Warfare, and Critical Infrastructure Protection: Defending the U.S. Homeland. Praeger Publishers, 2001.
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Vittum, Patricia J. Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747953.001.0001.
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The first edition of this reference work became known as the bible of turfgrass entomology upon publication in 1987. It has proved invaluable to professional entomologists, commercial turf managers, and golf course superintendents and has been used widely in college extension courses. This classic of the field is now in its third edition, providing up-to-date and complete coverage of turfgrass pests in the continental United States, Hawaii, and southern Canada. This revised volume integrates all relevant research from the previous two decades. It provides expanded coverage of several pest species, including the annual bluegrass weevil, invasive crane fly species, chinch bugs, billbugs, mole crickets, and white grubs. The book also provides detailed information on the biology and ecology of all major pests and includes the most current information on conditions that favor insect development and biological control strategies pertinent to each species. The reader should be able to identify most turf insects through the use of this text. It is a critical reference work that any serious turf professional should own.
Book chapters on the topic "Current carrying critical states"
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Genenko, Yu A., P. Troche, J. Hoffmann, and H. C. Freyhardt. "Flux Instabilities in Current-Carrying Type-II Superconductors." In Physics and Materials Science of Vortex States, Flux Pinning and Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4558-9_7.
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Koch, Jennifer, Dean E. Pearson, Cynthia D. Huebner, Michael K. Young, and Richard A. Sniezko. "Restoration of Landscapes and Habitats Affected by Established Invasive Species." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_8.
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AbstractPreventing invasions of aquatic and terrestrial habitats is the preferred and most cost-effective approach to address the invasive species threat (see Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_6). However, when prevention efforts fail, invasive species can become widespread and deeply embedded in native ecosystems, causing severe impacts (see Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_2, 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_3, and 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_4). In such cases, invader control (see Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_7) accompanied by restoration facilitates recovery of native species and prevents reinvasion (e.g., Pearson et al. 2016). Here, we summarize the current state of restoration science and highlight critical information gaps that must be overcome to advance ecosystem restoration in terrestrial and aquatic systems affected by invasive plants, insects, diseases, and vertebrates.
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"Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States." In Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States, edited by MICHAEL R. HEITHAUS. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569810.ch1.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Nursery areas are widely considered to be essential habitats for sharks. While there have been many efforts to determine the locations of nurseries in coastal waters and studies of movements within these nurseries, few studies have attempted to identify the factors that influence nursery area selection and habitat use within nurseries. Such data are critical for identifying essential habitats within nurseries and determining the factors that might set the carrying capacity of these areas. Behavioral and ecological theory provides important insights into nursery area use and the definition of essential habitats. For example, simply measuring the density of animals in various habitats can lead to (1) incorrect identification of critical areas because animal density and habitat quality (or importance) do not always coincide, and (2) incorrect assumptions about the factors limiting population sizes. Food abundance and predation risk are likely important determinants of nursery area selection, habitat use within nurseries, and carrying capacity of nurseries. Currently, we know little about how these factors and the physical features of the environment (e.g., water temperature, habitat structure) influence juvenile sharks. Here, I review our current understanding of shark nurseries in a theoretical context to identify areas where future studies are required and generate testable hypotheses regarding the use of nursery habitats.
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Angadi, M. A., R. M. Bowman, A. D. Caplin, J. R. Laverty, A. L. de Oliveira, and C. M. Pegrum. "Non-destructive measurement of the critical current and the current-carrying length scale in superconducting films." In High Tc Superconductor Thin Films. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89353-6.50042-7.
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Stasavage, David. "The Evolution and Importance of Public Credit." In States of Credit. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691140575.003.0002.
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This chapter examines why access to credit was important for European states and provides extensive new evidence on the evolution of public credit across five centuries, from 1250 to 1750. The ability to borrow was critical in medieval and early modern Europe because it allowed states to participate in wars, either defensive or offensive. In order to better understand this fact, the chapter analyzes the movement that took place from compulsory to paid service for soldiers, along with opportunities to finance wars through current taxation. It also explains when states first borrowed long-term and measures the cost of borrowing, focusing on interest rates based on nominal rates at issue when these are available, and based on the fiscal proxy when they are not. The chapter highlights the difference between city-states and territorial states, with the former enjoying an apparent financial advantage that allowed them to begin borrowing earlier and to obtain access to lower-cost finance.
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Fleming, Jennifer, and Masato Kajimoto. "The Freedom of Critical Thinking." In Journalism and Ethics. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8359-2.ch020.
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This study examines how college educators in Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Malaysia adopted and adapted lessons gleaned from a news literacy curriculum developed by journalism instructors at Stony Brook University in New York. In doing so, the chapter situates the emerging field of news literacy within parameters of its parent field, media literacy, and current trends in digitization, globalization, and information freedom. Details on how educators in Asia made a pedagogy designed for American citizens relevant to their students and how they negotiated country-specific social, cultural, and political contexts are included. Future directions in research include more in-depth and comparative understandings of the processes at work in localizing media literacy frameworks as well as an exploration of what media literacy educators in the United States and other democracies can learn from their counterparts in countries where accessing, creating, and disseminating information could be considered subversive activities.
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Fleming, Jennifer, and Masato Kajimoto. "The Freedom of Critical Thinking." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9667-9.ch010.
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This study examines how college educators in Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Malaysia adopted and adapted lessons gleaned from a news literacy curriculum developed by journalism instructors at Stony Brook University in New York. In doing so, the chapter situates the emerging field of news literacy within parameters of its parent field, media literacy, and current trends in digitization, globalization, and information freedom. Details on how educators in Asia made a pedagogy designed for American citizens relevant to their students and how they negotiated country-specific social, cultural, and political contexts are included. Future directions in research include more in-depth and comparative understandings of the processes at work in localizing media literacy frameworks as well as an exploration of what media literacy educators in the United States and other democracies can learn from their counterparts in countries where accessing, creating, and disseminating information could be considered subversive activities.
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Vick, Dan J., Asa B. Wilson, Michael Fisher, and Carrie Roseamelia. "Community Hospital Disaster Preparedness in the United States." In Hospital Management and Emergency Medicine. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2451-0.ch022.
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Disasters are common events in the United States. They generally result in casualties and community hospitals play a critical role in caring for these victims. Therefore, it is critical that hospitals are prepared for disasters. There has been increased focus on hospital disaster preparedness in the United States because of events that have occurred in the 21st century. To determine the current state of disaster preparedness among community hospitals, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted that focused on studies and other articles pertaining to disaster preparedness in U.S. community hospitals. The review showed mixed results as to whether hospitals are better prepared to handle disasters. Barriers to preparedness were identified. Opportunities for improvement may require additional study and involvement by federal and state governments, other agencies, and hospitals themselves to overcome barriers and assist hospitals in achieving a higher level of preparedness.
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"An overview of police training in the United States, historical development, current trends and critical issues: the evidence M . BeRlIN." In International Perspectives on Police Education and Training. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203095898-9.
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Patch, Richard K. "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation." In Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review, edited by Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, James Y. Findlay, William D. Freeman, and Ayan Sen. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0031.
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Cardiac arrest is a complex dynamic process that may occur as an end point of multiple disease states. The field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for cardiac arrest continues to evolve, and guidelines are updated in accordance with evidence-based evaluation of current medical literature. The guidelines are the cornerstone for the management of cardiac arrest in out-of-hospital, in-hospital, and intraoperative settings. Furthermore, the implementation of comprehensive postarrest care is vital for improving patient outcomes.
Conference papers on the topic "Current carrying critical states"
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Sperry, Benjamin R., and Curtis A. Morgan. "Results From the 2011 Hiawatha Service Passenger Study." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74129.
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The Hiawatha Service is an Amtrak intercity passenger rail service operating a 90-mile route between Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Chicago, Illinois. The route has experienced a steady growth in ridership in recent years, carrying more than 815,000 passengers during the 12-month period ending September 2011. Owing to the route’s trip-time competitiveness with the automobile, frequent daily service, an intermodal connection with the airport in Milwaukee, and the multi-state funding partnership between the states of Wisconsin and Illinois, the Hiawatha Service is a model of how passenger rail can be an integral part of the multimodal transportation system in an intercity corridor. In January 2011, researchers from the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) passenger rail research group, with financial support from the University Transportation Center for Mobility (UTCM) and in partnership with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), initiated a research project to examine the mobility impacts of the Hiawatha Service intercity passenger rail route. One of the major elements of this research project was an on-board survey of Hiawatha Service passengers, implemented in Spring 2011. This paper reports a summary of selected findings from the 2011 TTI/WisDOT Hiawatha Service passenger survey. The survey obtained valuable information about the current passengers, including data on passenger trip purpose, activities before and after the rail trip, travel alternatives to the Hiawatha Service if the route was not available, motivations for choosing rail for the trip, the impact of potential service changes on increasing ridership, and demographic profile data. A majority of passengers traveling on weekdays were regular commuters or business travelers while personal trips are dominant on weekends. Nearly 70 percent of passengers would drive if the rail service was not available, suggesting that the Hiawatha Service plays a critical role in relieving highway congestion in the region. The results of this study can be used by public agency planning staff and policymakers to guide the development of new intercity passenger rail services in similar corridors across the U.S.
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Collyer, Robert, Hasan Ahmed, Raj Navalurkar, and Dawn Harrison. "Urban Infrastructure: Design and Preservation - Brooklyn Bridge Rehabilitation Program." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2753.
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<p>The Brooklyn Bridge is a National Historic Landmark and a New York City Landmark that has been in use for over 137 years. This is one of the most pictured bridge structures in the world, while being used as a critical and vital part of the infrastructure carrying over 105,000 vehicles per day. This paper addresses the engineering challenges/solutions related to the most current rehabilitation work being performed.</p><p>Contract 6 (2009 to 2017) represents a $650 million investment into the bridge to maintain it in a State of Good Repair. Work included deck replacement using accelerated bridge construction techniques and complete painting and steel repairs of the main span. A high-level traffic study and traffic simulations were developed to evaluate differing closure scenarios and their impacts on user costs and the traveling public.</p><p>Contract 6A (2017 to 2019) represents a $25 million investment in maintaining the historic and aesthetic integrity of the Brooklyn Bridge structures. Approximately, 30,000 SF of granite stone cladding will be replaced under this contract.</p><p>Contract 7 represents a $300 million investment that will address the rehabilitation of the historic arches on both sides of the main span and strengthening of the Towers. Construction is expected to begin in 2019.</p><p>Contract 8 represents a $250 million investment. It is in the planning phase and will address a new promenade enhancement (widening) over the Brooklyn Bridge.</p><p>This paper discusses how these engineering challenges were faced and resolved.</p>
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Safrendyo, S., and Narakorn Srinil. "Slug Flow-Induced Oscillation in Subsea Catenary Riser Experiencing VIV." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77298.
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Slug flow appearance in a multiphase-carrying riser with a long tie-back distance and deeper water is inevitable, depending on the operational and environmental conditions. Several state-of-the-art technologies in mitigating the effects of internal slug flows might not be completely effective or cost-efficient. In addition to the slug excitation, the external current flows can also affect the riser structural behavior and integrity by the presence of vortex-induced vibration (VIV). This study aims to investigate and understand the behavior of slug-conveying catenary riser under uniform and random slug excitations, in combination with VIV. The steady-state slugs are considered and modelled by a series of liquid and gas phases flowing at certain rates inside the riser pipe. Each slug unit consists of a slug liquid (oil, water or their mixture) and gas pocket. In the uniform slug flow cases, all slug units have their equal slug liquid lengths. Time-domain simulations are conducted for different slug units of 20D, 30D, 40D and 50D, where D is the pipe internal diameter, and for different internal flow rates. The non-uniform slug flow case is considered by randomly generating the time-varying slug liquid and unit lengths. Multi-frequency oscillations of the catenary riser are observed, triggered by the transient slug excitations rendering the fundamental vibration mode which is sustained over the ensuing steady-state slugging period. The random slug-induced vibration (SIV) entails larger response amplitudes which are critical from the fatigue life viewpoint, especially when VIV is also accounted for. For riser SIV analysis, only in-plane response is observed; nevertheless, the interaction of riser SIV and VIV generates both in-plane and out-of-plane responses with larger 3-D dynamic responses, deformations and stresses. Such combined SIV and VIV should be specially considered during the riser analysis and design by also taking into consideration the travelling random-like or intermittent slug flows.
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You, YuanPeng, LiMin He, Xiaoming Luo, KaiYue Shi, and JianPeng Su. "Research Progress of Sand Transport Mechanism and Critical Conditions in Pipelines." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9722.
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Abstract Sand deposition and transportation in pipelines has become one of the major concerns for flow assurance in petroleum industry. However, research in this field is still in its infancy. This study describes the current development of sand deposition and sand transport in pipeline. The mechanism of particles deposition is described. The effects of particle properties, fluid properties and pipeline structure on the carrying capacity of single-phase and multiphase flow carrying sand are introduced, with emphasis on factors such as particle size, liquid viscosity, flow regime and pipeline inclination. As for modeling studies, the sand transport models can be classified to three categories based on the approach used to develop them: empirical, mechanistic, and semi-mechanistic. The methods for developing and extending models are illustrated in this study. Based on the experimental data, the prediction accuracy of four multiphase models for critical velocity in stratified flow is verified. Further researches should focus on the mechanisms and the establishment of the accurate model for sand flow pattern transformation boundary.
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Verlinden, Jouke, and Imre Horva´th. "A Critical Systems Position on Augmented Prototyping Systems for Industrial Design." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35642.
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In order to assess usability and impact of new Augmented Reality based prototyping technologies in industrial design engineering, we are carrying out a multiple case study. We focus on shortcomings in current (physical) prototypes and bottlenecks in the design process, which might present to cues for new Augmented Prototyping technologies. However, tracking and categorizing these bottlenecks is difficult, attention has to be given on the complete scope of prototyping use and its value towards design. A method was devised to capture bottlenecks in concept uttering, based on Critical Systems Thinking; identifying functionalist, interpretive, emancipatory, postmodern views tunes the researcher’s view to uses of advanced prototyping means that have impact on the complete design process.
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Jadaan, Osama M., Lynn M. Powers, and John P. Gyekenyesi. "Creep Life Prediction of Ceramic Components Subjected to Transient Tensile and Compressive Stress States." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-319.
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The desirable properties of ceramics at high temperatures have generated interest in their use for structural applications such as in advanced turbine systems. Some of these ceramic components, such as vanes and rotors, are subjected to concurrent tensile and compressive stress fields. Design lives for such systems can exceed 10,000 hours. Such long life requirements necessitate subjecting the components to relatively low stresses. The combination of high temperatures and low stresses typically places failure for monolithic ceramics in the creep regime. The objective of this paper is to present a design methodology for predicting the lifetimes of structural components subjected to concurrent transient tensile and compressive creep stress states. In this methodology, failure generally starts at or near the most highly stressed point and subsequently propagates across the section. The creep rupture life is divided into two stages. The first is called the stage of latent failure. During this stage the damage accumulates until it becomes critical at some point within the component, and failure begins. Damage due to compressive stresses is assumed to be negligible. Subsequently, the second stage, named the propagation of failure, takes place. Component failure occurs at the end of this stage when the total carrying capacity of the structure is expended. This methodology utilizes commercially available finite element packages and takes into account the time varying creep stress distributions (stress relaxation). The creep life of a component is divided into short time steps, during which, the stress distribution is assumed constant. The damage is calculated for each time step based on a modified Monkmon-Grant creep rupture criterion. Failure is assumed to commence when the normalized accumulated damage at a point in the body is equal or greater than unity. For tensile/compressive stress states, rupture is assumed to take place when the damage zone is large enough so that the component is no longer able to sustain load. The corresponding time will be the creep rupture life for that component. Flexural and C-ring data of siliconized silicon carbide KX01 material are used to test the viability of this methodology. The NASA integrated design code CARES/Creep (Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures/Creep) which utilizes this damage accumulation model was used for this purpose. It was found that the methodology described in this paper yielded reasonable creep rupture life predictions given the amount of scatter in the data.
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Kobayashi, Takaya, and Tomotaka Ogasawara. "Post-Buckling Analyses of Elastic Circular Cylindrical Shells Under Axial Compression." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71532.
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In the design of a modern lightweight structure, it is of technical importance to assure its safety against the buckling under the applied loading conditions. For this issue, the determination of the critical load in an ideal condition is not sufficient, but it is further required to clarify the post-buckling behavior, that is, the behavior of the structure after passing through the critical load. One of the reasons is to estimate the effect of practically unavoidable imperfections on the critical load and the second is to evaluate the ultimate strength to exploit the load-carrying capacity of the structure. For the buckling problem of circular cylindrical shells under axial compression, a number of experimental and theoretical studies have been made by many researchers. In the case of the very thin shell that exhibits elastic buckling, experimental results show that after the primary buckling, secondary buckling takes place accompanying successive reductions in the number of the circumferential waves in each mode change on one-by-one step. In this paper we traced this successive buckling of circular cylindrical shells using some of the general purpose implicit FEM codes currently available. For geometrically nonlinear static problems including buckling and post-buckling, we carried out our studies with two approaches; one is to use the arc length method (the modified Riks method), and the other is stabilizing with the aid of (artificial) damping especially for the local instability. Our analysis procedure consists of the following 2 steps. Before reaching the point exhibiting the comparatively stable state after the primary buckling, the arc length method is applied. After that point, the artificial damping is applied. The results simulate unstable successive buckling and show good agreement with experiments.
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Petre, Adrian. "Innovative Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development of Smart Cities." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/42.
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The main objective of this scientific article is to analyze the link between innovative entrepreneurship and the development of smart cities in Romania. In order to fulfill this objective, I studied a part of the specialized literature in the field and I determined, based on statistical data, the current stage of development of innovative and R&D activities carried out by enterprises in our country, as well as the hierarchy of smartest local cities. The main results obtained from the study of the scientific literature showed that between innovative entrepreneurship and the sustainable development of smart cities there is a link of mutual influence. This statement is partially confirmed in the case of Romania, because the results showed that the best performing regions of the country in terms of enterprises carrying out innovation and research and development are the Bucharest-Ilfov and North-West regions, while those more developed smart cities are found in the Central (Alba Iulia) and North-West (Cluj Napoca) regions. On the other hand, the research results highlighted the fact that although in our country there is a tendency to increase the share of innovative enterprises, Romania is one of the last among the Member States of the European Union in terms of companies carrying out innovation / research and development activities. The reality is all the more worrying as our country's potential to improve these indicators is quite low compared to other states. Thus, it becomes imperative that decision-makers in Romania greatly stimulate innovative entrepreneurship, so as to support the development of smart cities, increase competitiveness and reduce the gaps with other European Union Member States. The paper contributes to a clearer understanding of this two-way relationship on the concrete case of Romania and is addressed to the academic, social environment and decision makers.
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Williams, Dennis K. "A Critical Review of ASME BTH-1-2005 in the Design and Analysis of Vessel Lifting Lugs." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26071.
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This paper presents a critical review of the newly published ASME BTH-1-2005, which is intended to be a companion to ASME B30.20, Below the Hook Lifting Devices, a safety standard. The very limited structural design criteria contained in the latter standard was previously addressed in the literature by the current author and was compared against the various national and international regulations, codes, and standards in regard to the presumed factors of safety inherent in the designs of vessel lifting lugs. Based upon the criteria previously outlined and addressed, the current American National Standard ASME BTH-1-2005 is critically reviewed and the commentary that is now incorporated in such is analyzed in an effort to determine the adequacy of the updates in meeting and exceeding the current regulations in both the United States and Canada. The statutory and provincial regulations in both the United States and the province of Alberta, Canada are also reviewed and discussed with respect to the too often utilized phrase “factor of safety” (FOS). The implied implications derived from the chosen FOS are also outlined. Exemplar lugs on vessels are defined and the finite element analyses and closed form Hertzian contact problem solutions are presented and interpreted in accordance with the new ASME BTH-1-2005 structural design criteria. These results are again highlighted against the very limited design information contained within ASME B30.20. A review of the author’s prior recommendations made to revise the ASME B30.20 Below the Hook Lifting Devices safety standard are presented and discussed in light of the examples and technical justification presented in the following paragraphs. Contact stresses that are well known to exist between a lifting pin and clevis type geometry are also discussed in light of the new structural design criteria contained within ASME BTH-1-2005. Additional recommendations are provided for the design and analysis of vessel lifting lugs in consideration of current regulations.
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Rudland, D., P. Scott, R. Olson, and A. Cox. "Complex Crack Stability in Dissimilar Metal Welds: Background and Test Plan." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57535.
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Typically in flaw evaluation procedures, idealized flaw shapes are assumed for both subcritical crack growth and critical crack stability analyses. Past NRC-sponsored research have developed estimation schemes for predicting the load-carrying capacity of idealized flaws in nuclear grade piping and similar metal welds at the operating conditions of nuclear power reactors. However, recent analyses have shown that growth of primary water stress corrosion cracks (PWSCC) in dissimilar metal (DM) welds is not ideal; in fact, very unusual complex crack shapes may form, i.e., a very long surface crack that has a finite length through-wall crack in the same plane. Even though some experimental data on base metal cracks exist to demonstrate that complex shaped cracks in high toughness materials fail under limit load conditions, other experiments demonstrate that the tearing resistance is significantly reduced. At this point, no experimental data exists for complex cracks in DM welds. In addition, it is unclear whether the idealized estimation schemes developed can be used to predict the load carrying capacity of these complex-shaped flaws, even though they have been used in past analyses by the nuclear industry. Finally, it is unclear what material strength data should be used to assess the stability of a crack in a DM weld. The NRC Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES), with their contractor Battelle Memorial Institute, has begun an experimental program to confirm the stability behavior of these complex shaped flaws in DM welds. A combination of thirteen full-scale pipe experiments and a variety of laboratory experiments are planned. This paper will summarize the past base metal complex-cracked pipe experiments, and the current idealized flaw load carrying capacity estimation schemes. In addition, the DM weld complex cracked pipe experimental test matrix will be presented. Finally, plans for using these results to confirm the applicability of idealized flaw stability procedures are discussed.
Reports on the topic "Current carrying critical states"
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Westwick, Peter. Lessons from Stealth for Emerging Technologies. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200071.
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Stealth technology was one of the most decisive developments in military aviation in the last 50 years. With U.S. technological leadership now under challenge, especially from China, this issue brief derives several lessons from the history of Stealth to guide current policymakers. The example of Stealth shows how the United States produced one critical technology in the past and how it might produce others today.