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Journal articles on the topic 'Current collapse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Asnawi Subki, Nur Ezzaryn, Hazrina Mansor, Yazmin Sahol Hamid, and Gerard Parke. "Progressive Collapse Assessment: A review of the current energy-based Alternate Load Path (ALP) method." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925802012.

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The Alternate Load Path (ALP) is a useful method that has generated a considerable recent research interest for the assessment of progressive collapse. The outcome of the ALP analysis can be assessed either using the force-based approach or the energy-based approach. The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC- 4- 023-03) of progressive collapse guideline - have outlined that the force-based approach can either be analysed using static or dynamic analysis. The force-based approach using static analysis is preferable as it does not require a high level of skill and experience to operate the software plus no effort is required in scrutinising the validity of the analysis results output. However, utilising the static approach will eliminate the inertial effect in capturing the actual dynamic response of the collapsed structure. In recent years, the development of the energy-based progressive collapse assessment is attracting widespread interest from researchers in the field; as the approach can produce a similar structural response with the force-based dynamic analysis by only using static analysis. Most of the current energy-based progressive collapse assessments are developed following the requirements which are given in the progressive collapse guidelines provided by the Unified Facilities Criteria. However, little attention is given to the development of the energy-based approach using the Eurocode standards as a base guideline. This article highlights the merits of utilising the energy-based approach against the force-based approach for a collapsed structure and explains the collapse mechanism of a steel frame in the perspective of the energy concept. The state of the art of energy-based progressive collapse assessment for a structural steel frame is reviewed. The comprehensive review will include insights on the development of the energy-based method, assumptions, limitations, acceptance criterion and its applicability with the European standards. Finally, potential research gaps are discussed herein.

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2

JOSHI, PANKAJ S. "COSMIC CENSORSHIP: A CURRENT PERSPECTIVE." Modern Physics Letters A 17, no. 15n17 (June 7, 2002): 1067–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302007570.

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End state of gravitational collapse and the related cosmic censorship conjecture continue to be amongst the most important open problems in gravitation physics today. My purpose here is to bring out several aspects related to gravitational collapse and censorship, which may help towards a better understanding of the issues involved. Possible physical constraints on gravitational collapse scenarios are considered. It is concluded that the best hope for censorship lies in analyzing the genericity and stability properties of the currently known classes of collapse models which lead to the formation of naked singularities, rather than black holes, as the final state of collapse and which develop from a regular initial data.

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3

FRYER, CHRIS L. "STELLAR COLLAPSE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 12, no. 10 (December 2003): 1795–835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271803004298.

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The collapse of massive stars have been used to explain many of the largest outbursts known to mankind, from supernovae to hypernovae to gamma-ray bursts. These explosions differ in their level of asymmetry and the spectral energy of the photons they emit. It is likely that such a wide range in the nature of these explosions requires more than one explosion mechanism to extract the gravitational potential energy released during the collapse. Three major classes of mechanisms have been proposed: neutrino-driven, magnetic-field driven, collapsar (black hole accretion disk) driven. This review discusses each mechanism in turn, discussing the current state-of-the-art calculations along with their observational predictions. We conclude with a summary of the current observational constraints on these models.

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4

Schultz, Colin. "Potential for Atlantic current collapse confirmed." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 29 (July 19, 2011): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo290013.

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5

Piccirilli, María Pía, Gabriel León, Susana J. Landau, Micol Benetti, and Daniel Sudarsky. "Constraining quantum collapse inflationary models with current data: The semiclassical approach." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 02 (January 2019): 1950041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827181950041x.

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The hypothesis of the self-induced collapse of the inflaton wave function was introduced as a candidate for the physical process responsible for the emergence of inhomogeneity and anisotropy at all scales. In particular, we consider different proposal for the precise form of the dynamics of the inflaton wave function: (i) the GRW-type collapse schemes proposals based on spontaneous individual collapses which generate nonvanishing expectation values of various physical quantities taken as ansatz modifications of the standard inflationary scenario; (ii) the proposal based on a Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) type modification of the Schrödinger evolution of the inflaton wave function, based on a natural choice of collapse operator. We perform a systematic analysis within the semi-classical gravity approximation, of the standing of those models considering a full quasi-de Sitter expansion scenario. We note that the predictions for the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization spectrum differ slightly from those of the standard cosmological model. We also analyze these proposals with a Bayesian model comparison using recent CMB and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data. Our results show a moderate preference of the joint CMB and BAO data for one of the studied collapse schemes model over the [Formula: see text]CDM one, while there is no preference when only CMB data are considered. Additionally, analysis using CMB data provide the same Bayesian evidence for both the CSL and Standard Models, i.e. the data have no preference between the simplicity of the LCDM model and the complexity of the collapse scenario.

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6

El-Tawil, Sherif, and Hong Hao Li. "Progressive Collapse Research: Current State and Future Needs." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.3.

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Research on progressive collapse has advanced greatly in the past forty years. Motivated by heightened research interest around the globe stemming from recent high profile events, the rate of progress has been especially rapid in the past decade. Research in this area has been primarily enabled by massive improvements in computational simulation tools and hardware as well as structural testing at a scale and level of sophistication never seen before. While the research effort shows no signs of slowing down, several agencies have already undertaken large codification efforts in an attempt to synthesize the rapidly growing knowledge base into practical and meaningful guidelines for collapse-resistant design. This keynote paper presents the state-of-the-art in progressive collapse research. The paper sheds light on several topics including: methods for assessment of structural robustness; methodologies for enhancement of system collapse resistance; probabilistic models for progressive collapse risk assessment; and current trends and research needs, which discusses current gaps in our understanding of progressive collapse research and identifies research efforts needed to address them.

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7

Nakajima, Akira, Shuichi Yagi, Mitsuaki Shimizu, Kazuhiro Adachi, and Hajime Okumura. "Hot Electron Induced Current Collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs." Materials Science Forum 556-557 (September 2007): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.1035.

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The mechanism of drain current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) was investigated. Current collapse was clearly observed for TiO2 passivated HEMTs. However, no evidence of current collapse was apparent for SiNx passivated HEMTs. This suggests that AlGaN surface traps play a major role in current collapse. The experimental results were compared with numerical device simulation results. The device simulations were performed taking into account hot electron generation and deep traps at the AlGaN surface. The simulated drain current transients were consistent with the degradation and recovery behavior of the experimental results. These results indicate that current collapse is caused by the trapping of hot electrons in deep levels at the AlGaN surface.

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8

Font, José A. "Current status of relativistic core collapse simulations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 66 (May 1, 2007): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/66/1/012063.

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9

Abolduev, I. M., N. V. Alkeev, V. S. Belyaev, E. V. Kaevitser, and I. D. Kashlakov. "CURRENT COLLAPSE MEASUREMENTS IN PULSED GAN TRANSISTORS." Electronic engineering Series 2 Semiconductor devices 259, no. 4 (2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36845/2073-8250-2020-259-4-12-18.

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The article discusses the issues of design and methodology related to the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a GaN HEMT. Reliable I-V characteristics show the operability of a semiconductor device, provide initial data for functional application of the device, and provide insight into the quality and reproducibility of the technological process. The type and behavior of I–V characteristics are influenced by the design and technological features of a GaN HEMT. Measurements of I-V characteristics in continuous and pulsed operation modes provide more details about the electrical and thermal characteristics of the devices under study.

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10

Takayanagi, H., H. Nakano, K. Yonemoto, and K. Horio. "Simulation of slow current transients and current collapse in GaN FETs." Journal of Computational Electronics 5, no. 2-3 (July 2006): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10825-006-8848-8.

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11

Nedzelskiy, A. I., I. V. Shnayder, and E. S. Lapin. "Forecasting Collapse and Monitoring of the Main Roof Current State in Working Faces of Coal Mines with Shallow Seams." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 4 (April 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-4-13-18.

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Main roof state monitoring and assessment of the roof hanging influence on the coal seam in working face of the coal mines with medium thickness seams with dip angle varying from 0 to 35° using a long-pillar development system along strike and uprising with roof control by complete collapse and abandonment of inter-main pillars a technically difficult task and currently unsolvable by tools. The main roof, composed of fine-grained gray sandstones, coarse-grained siltstones or interbedding of siltstones with sandstones, with average strengths of layers of about 30–40 MPa, is predicted to be moderately collapsing, and more than 50 MPa as difficult to collapse over a large area of coal seam spread. Hanging of the main roof with subsequent uncontrolled collapse can lead to the displacement of methane accumulating in the waste space into the face and provoke an explosion, fire or other emergency. It should be noted that the urgency of the problem is due to the fact that when large masses of the roof collapse during the lava retreat, an instantaneous release of large volumes of air from the collapsed space, accompanied by the release of methane and coal dust, occurs, which has repeatedly led to accidents. The article discusses the prediction of collapse and main roof current state monitoring in the working faces of coal mines with a shallow bedding by seismic method. Using «Mikon-GEO» as a seismic prediction system in coal mines and pits allows to make risks manageable and accounted.

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12

Yagi, Shuichi, Mitsuaki Shimizu, Yoshiki Yano, Akinori Ubukata, and Nakao Akutsu. "Current Collapse Characteristic of AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 1333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.1333.

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We investigated the current collapse characteristics of the fabricated MIS-HEMT with the SiO2, SiN and high-k gate insulator. TiO2 was employed as the high-k material. We found the significant drain current change in the switching characteristic when the insulator changes. The SiN MIS-HEMT showed good switching characteristic. On the other hand, the MIS-HEMTs with oxide insulator film showed large drain current reduction. We considered that the degradation of the switching characteristic is due to the current collapse.

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13

Fuller, Bruce, and Stephen P. Heyneman. "Third World School Quality Current Collapse, Future Potential." Educational Researcher 18, no. 2 (March 1989): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1175250.

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14

Mollah, Shahab, Mikhail Gaevski, Kamal Hussain, Abdullah Mamun, Richard Floyd, Xuhong Hu, M. V. S. Chandrashekhar, Grigory Simin, and Asif Khan. "Current collapse in high-Al channel AlGaN HFETs." Applied Physics Express 12, no. 7 (June 5, 2019): 074001. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/1882-0786/ab24b1.

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15

Zocco, A., L. Chacón, and Andrei N. Simakov. "Current sheet bifurcation and collapse in electron magnetohydrodynamics." Physics of Plasmas 16, no. 11 (November 2009): 110703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3264102.

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16

Cester, A., A. Paccagnella, G. Ghidini, S. Deleonibus, and G. Guegan. "Collapse of MOSFET Drain Current After Soft Breakdown." IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 4, no. 1 (March 2004): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdmr.2003.820296.

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17

Lanford, W., V. Kumar, R. Schwindt, A. Kuliev, I. Adesida, A. M. Dabiran, A. M. Wowchak, P. P. Chow, and J. W. Lee. "AlGaN∕InGaN HEMTs for RF current collapse suppression." Electronics Letters 40, no. 12 (2004): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20040398.

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18

Wang, Duo Zhi, Jun Wu Dai, and Ruo Chen Shan. "Collapse-Resistance Measure for the Bottom Frame Structure under Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1676.

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The bottom frame structure, with serious earthquake damage, occupies a large proportion in the houses collapsed in earthquakes. However, because it is economic and practical, it is still widely used. Based on the understanding of the seismic performance of bottom frame structure, this paper determines to study seismic measures of the bottom frame structure. The current seismic measures can be divided into two major categories: strengthening key components and avoiding key components, therefore this paper adopts the method of strengthening parts which are easy to collapse for reinforcement, under the premise of meeting the stiffness ratio between reasonable layers, adds wing wall to improve the capacity of resisting collapse of the structure and pinpoints the efficiency of adding wing wall in the capacity of resisting collapse through quantitative analysis. Although there are differences in the improvement of the capacity of resisting collapse under different seismic waves, adding wing walls reasonably can greatly improver the anti-collapse capacity of the structure..

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19

Zhang, Wei. "Research Status on the Collapse Mechanism and Prevention Measures of Mega Composite Structural Systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817504008.

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Mega composite structural system presents wide application prospects in high-rise and super high-rise buildings. However, research concerning the important issues of the seismic behavior, collapse mechanism, and prevention from progressive collapse for such new structural systems under severe earthquakes is quite limited. This paper will summarize the current research status, followed by the discussions on the collapse and prevention mechanisms of high-rise and super high-rise mega composite structural systems under severe earthquakes, the theoretical basis on progressive collapse mechanisms, numerical simulation techniques, and test methods. The failure modes of high-rise mega composite structures were studied firstly, followed by the collapse mechanisms and the associated criteria and indices. In addition, a new numerical technique for simulating the non-linear structural collapses considering large deformations will be presented, along with the relevant test results. This study shows that analysis method, damage accumulation model, failure criteria, appropriate preventive measures, and improved collapse experimental verification methods are all important seismic design considerations for high-rise and super high-rise mega composite structures. Based on the study results, recommendations for collapse and prevention mechanisms of high-rise buildings are proposed.

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20

Ogloblina, Daria, Steffen J. Schmidt, and Nikolaus A. Adams. "Simulation and analysis of collapsing vapor-bubble clusters with special emphasis on potentially erosive impact loads at walls." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002079.

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Cavitation is a process where a liquid evaporates due to a pressure drop and re-condenses violently. Noise, material erosion and altered system dynamics characterize for such a process for which shock waves, rarefaction waves and vapor generation are typical phenomena. The current paper presents novel results for collapsing vapour-bubble clusters in a liquid environment close to a wall obtained by computational fluid mechanics (CFD) simulations. The driving pressure initially is 10 MPa in the liquid. Computations are carried out by using a fully compressible single-fluid flow model in combination with a conservative finite volume method (FVM). The investigated bubble clusters (referred to as “clouds”) differ by their initial vapor volume fractions, initial stand-off distances to the wall and by initial bubble radii. The effects of collapse focusing due to bubble-bubble interaction are analysed by investigating the intensities and positions of individual bubble collapses, as well as by the resulting shock-induced pressure field at the wall. Stronger interaction of the bubbles leads to an intensification of the collapse strength for individual bubbles, collapse focusing towards the center of the cloud and enhanced re-evaporation. The obtained results reveal collapse features which are common for all cases, as well as case-specific differences during collapse-rebound cycles. Simultaneous measurements of maximum pressures at the wall and within the flow field and of the vapor volume evolution show that not only the primary collapse but also subsequent collapses are potentially relevant for erosion.

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21

MELLOR, C., V. S. TITOV, and E. R. PRIEST. "Linear collapse of spatially linear, two-dimensional null points." Journal of Plasma Physics 68, no. 3 (April 2002): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377802002003.

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A technique is developed for analysing the linear collapse properties of spatially linear two-dimensional null points with open boundary conditions. A treatment is given of the collapse of nulls which have current and flow so that they are initially in a steady-state balance between a magnetic force, a pressure force and a centrifugal force. This extends the previous results for initially current-free X-type nulls with no flow. It is found that all X-points, regardless of the current and flow tend to collapse. Also, O-points collapse in the absence of a plasma flow, but O-points with a large current and possessing a highly super-Alfvénic plasma flow can be stable against linear collapse.

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22

Yu, Chen-hui, Qing-zhou Luo, Xiang-dong Luo, and Pei-sheng Liu. "Donor-Like Surface Traps on Two-Dimensional Electron Gas and Current Collapse of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/931980.

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The effect of donor-like surface traps on two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and drain current collapse of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) has been investigated in detail. The depletion of 2DEG by the donor-like surface states is shown. The drain current collapse is found to be more sensitive to the addition of positive surface charges. Surface trap states with higher energy levels result in weaker current collapse and faster collapse process. By adopting an optimized backside doping scheme, the electron density of 2DEG has been improved greatly and the current collapse has been greatly eliminated. These results give reference to the improvement in device performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs.

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23

Fryer, Chris L. "Studying Supernovae under the Current Paradigm." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29B (August 2015): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316004907.

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AbstractThe convection-enhanced paradigm behind core-collapse supernovae (SNe) invokes a multi-physics model where convection above the proto-neutron star is able to convert the energy released in the collapse to produce the violent explosions observed as SNe. Over the past decade, the evidence in support of this engine has grown, including constraints placed by SN neutrinos, energies, progenitors and remnants. Although considerable theoretical work remains to utilize this data, our understanding of normal SNe is advancing. To achieve a deeper level of understanding, we must find ways to compare detailed simulations with the increasing set of observational data. Here we review the current constraints and how we can apply our current understanding to broaden our understanding of these powerful engines.

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24

Lee, Jun-Hyeok, Jeong-Gil Kim, Jeong-Min Ju, Woo-Hyun Ahn, Seung-Hyeon Kang, and Jung-Hee Lee. "AlInGaN/GaN double-channel FinFET with high on-current and negligible current collapse." Solid-State Electronics 164 (February 2020): 107678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2019.107678.

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25

Giordano, J. L., J. Luzuriaga, A. Badía-Majós, G. Nieva, and I. Ruíz-Tagle. "Magnetization collapse in polycrystalline YBCO under transport current cycles." Superconductor Science and Technology 19, no. 4 (March 7, 2006): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/19/4/024.

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26

Yamada, Atsushi, Kozo Makiyama, Toshihiro Ohki, Masahito Kanamura, Kazukiyo Joshin, Kenji Imanishi, Naoki Hara, and Toshihide Kikkawa. "Suppression of current collapse for millimeter-wave GaN-HEMTs." physica status solidi (c) 7, no. 10 (June 22, 2010): 2429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200983902.

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27

Johansson, S. G. "Mitigation of voltage collapse caused by armature current protection." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 14, no. 2 (May 1999): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.761885.

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28

Dhondt, F., J. Barrette, and P. A. Rolland. "Transient analysis of collector current collapse in multifinger HBT's." IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters 8, no. 8 (1998): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/75.704411.

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29

Wei Wei, Lin Ruo-Bing, Feng Qian, and Hao Yue. "Current collapse mechanism of field-plated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs." Acta Physica Sinica 57, no. 1 (2008): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.57.467.

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30

McNeill, J. R. "Diamond in the Rough: Is There a Genuine Environmental Threat to Security? A Review Essay." International Security 30, no. 1 (July 2005): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0162288054894643.

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In Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Jared Diamond claims that several societies in times past collapsed in part for environmental reasons and that these cases bear lessons for today. By and large, Diamond has got his history right. But the application of lessons derived from these historical cases to today's environmental problems will leave many readers unconvinced. Scaling up from diminutive, isolated, and low-technology examples such as precontact Easter Island or the Greenland Norse to the contemporary world is fraught with conceptual difficulties, not all of which Diamond can dispel. Diamond's arguments, whether one finds them convincing or not, raise some timely questions. Are we indeed at serious risk of environmental collapse? And how do some current trends—the rise of China, the coming transition to a new energy regime, and the slowing of population growth—affect the chances of environmental collapse?

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31

De Waele, Wim. "The Interaction of Weld Defects under Plastic Collapse." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2735.

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Multiple defects in welds, when detected, have to be assessed for interaction. Current code rules are based on linear elastic fracture mechanics whereas the failure mode for welds in thin structures is primarily plastic collapse. Results of large-scale tests illustrate that current interaction rules have a high degree of conservatism for plastic collapse conditions. Guidance for the assessment of defect interaction under plastic collapse is proposed.

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32

SHAIKHISLAMOV, I. F. "Collapse of the neutral current sheet and reconnection at micro-scales." Journal of Plasma Physics 74, no. 2 (April 2008): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377807006757.

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AbstractReconnection physics at micro-scales is investigated in an electron magnetohydrodynamics frame. A new process of collapse of the neutral current sheet is demonstrated by means of analytical and numerical solutions. It shows how at scales smaller than ion inertia length a compression of the sheet triggers an explosive evolution of current perturbation. Collapse results in the formation of a intense sub-sheet and then an X-point structure embedded into the equilibrium sheet. Hall currents associated with this structure support high reconnection rates. Nonlinear static solution at scales of the electron skin reveals that electron inertia and small viscosity provide an efficient mechanism of field lines breaking. The reconnection rate does not depend on the actual value of viscosity, while the maximum current is found to be restricted even for space plasmas with extremely rare collisions. The results obtained are verified by a two-fluid large-scale numerical simulation.

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33

Brandtzaeg, Petter Bae, and Marika Lüders. "Time Collapse in Social Media: Extending the Context Collapse." Social Media + Society 4, no. 1 (January 2018): 205630511876334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305118763349.

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Context collapse, or the flattening of multiple audiences into a single context, has been an important notion in research on privacy experiences, self-performance, and changing user practices in social media. Yet, previous research has mainly addressed context collapse in spatial rather than temporal terms. The resulting lack of an understanding of time in social media limits our conception of the social media context. The aim of this article is therefore to go beyond the spatial dimension in the current notion of “context collapse” in social media. We discuss relevant theories, empirical evidence, and technical features that address the importance of a time dimension and suggest a collapse of temporal patterns in social media. By introducing the concept of “time collapse,” we account for how context in social media may muddle the time boundary between past and present, which, in turn, can affect how users manage their identity and performance on social media. Whereas research on social media has commonly addressed self-performance and impression management, we understand self-identity as an entity in progress. We analyze the results of two empirical case studies to suggest how and why a collapse of time related to self-performance is becoming increasingly prevalent, focusing on young people and Facebook. Our analyses contribute to a new understanding of time and the prolonged self-documenting practices typical of social media. Our research offers a unique understanding of the nature and conceptualization of time that may guide future directions in the study of social media and their implications for young people.

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34

NARUSHIMA, Yoshiro, Satoru SAKAKIBARA, Kiyomasa WATANABE, Katsumi IDA, Kazumichi NARIHARA, Satoshi OHDACHI, Shigeru INAGAKI, et al. "Observation of Minor Collapse of Current-Carrying Plasma in LHD." Plasma and Fusion Research 1 (2006): 004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/pfr.1.004.

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35

Bruenn, Stephen W. "Neutrinos from SN1987A and current models of stellar-core collapse." Physical Review Letters 59, no. 8 (August 24, 1987): 938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.59.938.

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36

Carter, Brandon, Patrick Peter, and Alejandro Gangui. "Avoidance of collapse by circular current-carrying cosmic string loops." Physical Review D 55, no. 8 (April 15, 1997): 4647–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.55.4647.

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37

Koudymov, A., V. Adivarahan, J. Yang, G. Simin, and M. A. Khan. "Mechanism of current collapse removal in field-plated nitride HFETs." IEEE Electron Device Letters 26, no. 10 (October 2005): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2005.855409.

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38

Koudymov, A., M. S. Shur, and G. Simin. "Compact Model of Current Collapse in Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors." IEEE Electron Device Letters 28, no. 5 (May 2007): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2007.895389.

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39

Uren, Michael J., Janina Moreke, and Martin Kuball. "Buffer Design to Minimize Current Collapse in GaN/AlGaN HFETs." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 59, no. 12 (December 2012): 3327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2012.2216535.

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40

Tenerani, Anna, Marco Velli, Antonio Franco Rappazzo, and Fulvia Pucci. "MAGNETIC RECONNECTION: RECURSIVE CURRENT SHEET COLLAPSE TRIGGERED BY “IDEAL” TEARING." Astrophysical Journal 813, no. 2 (November 4, 2015): L32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/813/2/l32.

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Islam, Mirwazul, and Grigory Simin. "Compact Model for Current Collapse in GaN-HEMT Power Switches." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 25, no. 01n02 (March 2016): 1640001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156416400012.

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We present a simple yet accurate model describing current-voltage characteristics of GaN-HEMT power switches in presence of carrier trapping often referred to as current collapse. The model accounts for time-dependent changes in the source-gate and gate-drain resistances after application of high drain voltage. The model also has a regime describing ‘fast’ current voltage characteristics when the applied voltage swing occurs within a period of time much shorter than the characteristic trapping – detrapping times. The model is written in Verilog-A and can be implemented in SPICE-type circuit simulators.

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Koudymov, Alexei, Michael S. Shur, Grigory Simin, Kanin Chu, P. C. Chao, Cathy Lee, Jose Jimenez, and Anthony Balistreri. "Analytical HFET $I$– $V$ Model in Presence of Current Collapse." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 55, no. 3 (March 2008): 712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2007.915092.

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Fruman, David A., and Aimee L. Edinger. "Cancer therapy: staying current with AMPK." Biochemical Journal 412, no. 2 (May 14, 2008): e3-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20080823.

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Does the LKB1–AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway act to suppress tumorigenesis or to rescue cancer cells from metabolic collapse? New work from the Alessi laboratory in this issue of the Biochemical Journal shows conclusively that AMPK activators delay the growth of tumours that occur spontaneously in PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) heterozygous mice.

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Hein, S., and J. Jacob. "Recovery of small rodent populations after population collapse." Wildlife Research 42, no. 2 (2015): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14165.

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In this review we summarise published knowledge regarding small mammal population recovery following sudden population collapse, regardless as to whether the collapse is caused by natural or man-made events. We determine recovery mechanisms, recovery time and recovery rate, and suggest how to adapt and optimise current methods to regulate small mammal population size, for pest management and/or conservation. It is vital that the principles underlying the recovery mechanisms are known for both pest control and conservation to align management methods to either maintain animal numbers at a permanent minimum level or increase population size. Collapses can be caused naturally, as in the declining phase of multi-annual fluctuations and after natural disasters, or by man-made events, such as pesticide application. In general, there are three ways population recovery can occur: (1) in situ survival and multiplication of a small remaining fraction of the population; (2) immigration; or (3) a combination of the two. The recovery mechanism strongly depends on life history strategy, social behaviour and density-dependent processes in population dynamics of the species in question. In addition, the kind of disturbance, its intensity and spatial scale, as well as environmental circumstances (e.g. the presence and distance of refuge areas) have to be taken into account. Recovery time can vary from a couple of days to several years depending on the reproductive potential of the species and the type of disturbances, regardless of whether the collapse is man made or natural. Ultimately, most populations rebound to levels equal to numbers before the collapse. Based on current knowledge, case-by-case decisions seem appropriate for small-scale conservation. For pest control, a large-scale approach seems necessary. Further investigations are required to make sound, species-specific recommendations.

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Hasegawa, Hideki, Takanori Inagaki, Shinya Ootomo, and Tamotsu Hashizume. "Mechanisms of current collapse and gate leakage currents in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 21, no. 4 (2003): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1589520.

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Suleimenov, Ibragim, Igor Pereladov, and Esen Bekturov. "Theoretical Description of Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel Collapse in Electric Field." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 4, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj539.

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Theory of collapse of polyelectrolyte hydrogels under the influence of direct electric current is developed. The theory is based on the consideration of the motion of gel-solution boundary. It is shown that this boundary is moving with constant velocity on the first stage of the collapse (some part of hydrogel stayed undeformed). This velocity is theoretically determined by analysis of boundary conditions only (electric current density conservation). It is shown that on the first stage of the process hydrogel collapse caused by direct electric current is described completely by Faraday’s law analog. Hydrogel collapse is described by exponential form of Faraday’s law analog on the second stage. On this stage the whole specimen is deformed. The comparison of proposed theory and results obtained early is carried out. It is shown that the theory is in good accordance with experimental data.

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Oka, Kunihiro, and Hisao Moritomo. "Current Management of Scaphoid Nonunion Based on the Biomechanical Study." Journal of Wrist Surgery 07, no. 02 (March 14, 2018): 094–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1637739.

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AbstractScaphoid nonunion causes abnormal wrist kinematics and typically leads to carpal collapse and subsequent degenerative arthritis of the wrist. However, the natural history, including carpal collapse and degenerative arthritis of scaphoid nonunion, may vary at different fracture locations. This article reviews recent biomechanical studies related to the natural history of scaphoid nonunion. In the distal-type fractures (type B2 in Herbert classification), where the fracture located distal to the scaphoid apex, the proximal scaphoid fragment and lunate, which are connected through the dorsal scapholunate interosseous ligament (DSLIL) and dorsal intercarpal ligament (DIC), extend together, and the distal fragment of the scaphoid flexes individually. Therefore, untreated type B2 fractures normally show the humpback deformity, resulting in dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity relatively earlier after the injury. In the proximal-type fractures (type B1), where the fracture is located proximal to the scaphoid apex, the connection between the distal fragment and lunate is preserved through the DSLIL and DIC so that the scaphoid–lunate complex remains stable and the carpal collapse is less severe than that in distal-type fractures. The fracture location relative to the apex of the dorsal scaphoid ridge is a reliable landmark in the determination of the natural history of scaphoid nonunion.

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Kim, C., H. Moon, and W. Lee. "DATA MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK OF DRONE-BASED 3D MODEL RECONSTRUCTION OF DISASTER SITE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 10, 2016): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-31-2016.

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To rescue peoples in the disaster site in time, information acquisition of current feature of collapsed buildings and terrain is quite important for disaster site rescue manager. Based on information about disaster site, they can accurately plan the rescue process and remove collapsed buildings or other facilities. However, due to the harsh condition of disaster areas, rapid and accurate acquisition of disaster site information is not an easy task. There are possibilities of further damages in the collapse and there are also difficulties in acquiring information about current disaster situation due to large disaster site and limited rescue resources. To overcome these circumstances of disaster sites, an unmanned aerial vehicle, commonly known as a drone is used to rapidly and effectively acquire current image data of the large disaster areas. Then, the procedure of drone-based 3D model reconstruction visualization function of developed system is presented.

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Kim, C., H. Moon, and W. Lee. "DATA MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK OF DRONE-BASED 3D MODEL RECONSTRUCTION OF DISASTER SITE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 10, 2016): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-31-2016.

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To rescue peoples in the disaster site in time, information acquisition of current feature of collapsed buildings and terrain is quite important for disaster site rescue manager. Based on information about disaster site, they can accurately plan the rescue process and remove collapsed buildings or other facilities. However, due to the harsh condition of disaster areas, rapid and accurate acquisition of disaster site information is not an easy task. There are possibilities of further damages in the collapse and there are also difficulties in acquiring information about current disaster situation due to large disaster site and limited rescue resources. To overcome these circumstances of disaster sites, an unmanned aerial vehicle, commonly known as a drone is used to rapidly and effectively acquire current image data of the large disaster areas. Then, the procedure of drone-based 3D model reconstruction visualization function of developed system is presented.

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JOSHI, PANKAJ S., and DANIELE MALAFARINA. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE AND SPACETIME SINGULARITIES." International Journal of Modern Physics D 20, no. 14 (December 31, 2011): 2641–729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271811020792.

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It is now known that when a massive star collapses under the force of its own gravity, the final fate of such a continual gravitational collapse will be either a black hole or a naked singularity under a wide variety of physically reasonable circumstances within the framework of general theory of relativity. The research of recent years has provided considerable clarity and insight on stellar collapse, black holes and the nature and structure of spacetime singularities. We discuss several of these developments here. There are also important fundamental questions that remain unanswered on the final fate of collapse of a massive matter cloud in gravitation theory, especially on naked singularities which are hypothetical astrophysical objects and on the nature of cosmic censorship hypothesis. These issues have key implications for our understanding on black hole physics today, its astrophysical applications, and for certain basic questions in cosmology and possible quantum theories of gravity. We consider these issues here and summarize recent results and current progress in these directions. The emerging astrophysical and observational perspectives and implications are discussed, with particular reference to the properties of accretion disks around black holes and naked singularities, which may provide characteristic signatures and could help distinguish these objects.

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