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1
De, Beer Chénelle Lesley. "Genetic and morphometric variation of Octopus vulgaris in the Benguela Current region." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012971.
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The Benguela Current is a cold eastern boundary current located on the south-western coast of the African continent. The establishment of its present day features approximately two million years ago has triggered allopatric events which have driven genetic and/or phenotypic differentiation in many of the warm-temperate organisms that previously had continuous distributions along the south and west coast of southern Africa. However, since many of these species have responded differently, despite similar isolation times, research in this region provides a unique opportunity to increase our understanding of evolutionary processes. The common octopus (Octopus vulgaris, Cuvier 1797) is a coastal, sedentary species, inhabiting coral reefs or rocky environments at depths of up to a 100m. It is considered to be one of the most extensively studied cephalopod species due to its worldwide distribution. However, very little research has been conducted on O. vulgaris in southern Africa. In order to gain a holistic understanding of the effects of the Benguela Current on population connectivity, genetic and phenotypic diversity, and evolutionary history of O. vulgaris, a comparative genetic and morphological study was conducted across the Benguela region. A total of 168 specimens of O. vulgaris were collected from four different regions across the Benguela system. A small tissue sample was preserved in ethanol for molecular analysis, and the specimen was frozen whole for morphometric analysis in the laboratory. Octopus vulgaris genetic population structure and evolutionary history was investigated using a 580bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene for 76 individuals located within the Benguela region, yielding 10 different haplotypes. AMOVA and pairwise FST analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation suggesting a northern-southern Benguela divergence. Estimates of time since most recent common ancestor, based on biogeographical calibrators and coalescent analyses, indicated that isolation between the Angolan and South African population occurred between ~231 Ka and 1 Ma. Mismatch distribution analyses revealed a past population expansion within the South African O. vulgaris roughly 129.31 Ka, whilst Bayesian skyline plots were indicative of gradual demographic growth within the Angolan population in the last ~100 Ka. Observed O. vulgaris population structure and demographic history was likely the result of historical climate-induced change within the system. Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within the Octopus genus, using cytb and COI suggest that O. vulgaris is not a monophyletic group and a major systematic revision is required. Furthermore, unidentified individuals from South Africa were found to group with species from Indo-West Pacific Oceans and were therefore considered to have been translocated through ballast water from Asia. While the molecular analysis indicated a significant northern-southern Benguela structure results from the principle component analysis (PCA) and discriminate function analysis (DFA) were unable to distinguish between O. vulgaris from different sampling localities throughout the Benguela Current region based on soft-parts, hard-parts and meristic characters. The lack of phenotypic variation, despite significant genetic divergence, highlights the importance of multi-method approaches in gaining a holistic understanding of the taxonomy and biogeography of species.
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Aziz, Mohd Junaidi Bin Abdul. "Cancellation of common mode voltage in current source buck rectifier." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493328.
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AC/AC power conversion is widely used to feed AC loads with variable voltage and/or variable frequency from a constant voltage constant frequency power grid or to connect critical loads to an unreliable power supply while delivering a very accurate sinusoidal and balanced voltage system of constant amplitude and frequency. The load specifications will clearly impose the requirements for the inverter stage of the power converter, while a wider range of choices are available for the rectifier. This research investigates the utilization of a buck-type current source rectifier as an active front-end stage of an AC/AC converter for applications that require adjustable DC-link voltage and where elimination of the low-frequency common mode voltage is vital.
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Wu, Michael A. M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A common platform for current sensor evaluation in industrial automation applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106391.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).
This thesis describes the design and implementation of an evaluation system for Silicon Labs' current sensor products. The system provides significant advantages over existing evaluation systems by reducing hazardous voltages and currents through increased sense resistance and improving simplicity through a modular motherboard, daughtercard, and software system. The system is versatile and supports modifications for additional customization. All existing Silicon Labs' current sensor products are implemented in the system. The performance of the constructed evaluation system is shown to exceed existing work. The constructed system uses lower currents, requires fewer specialized components, improves portability, and provides access to advanced product functionality.
by Michael A. Wu.
M. Eng.
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Dannemiller, Amy Beth. "Most common sources of specific nutrients in adolescents by current weight status." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32080.
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Katragadda, Monica. "User Testing/Co-Design of Current PIVOT Features." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627665047979343.
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Un, Emre. "Common Mode Voltage And Current Reduction In Voltage Source Inverter Driven Three Phase Ac Motors." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609062/index.pdf.
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In this thesis various reduced common mode voltage (RCMV) pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques and active/passive common mode voltage (CMV) reduction methods for voltage source inverter driven three-phase AC motors are theoretically and practically investigated. A novel RCMV-PWM method, the near state PWM (NSPWM) method is proposed for operation at high modulation index. At low modulation index, a modified version of an existing RCMV-PWM method, AZSPWM1, termed as MAZSPWM, is proposed to mitigate the voltage reflection problem of the method. An optimum modulation algorithm combining NSPWM and MAZSPWM with seamless transition is proposed. The proposed RCMV-PWM methods significantly reduce CMV but they suppress common mode current (CMC) partially. Utilization of a common mode inductor together with RCMV-PWM methods is effective in suppressing the CMC. In the study, in addition to the CMV characteristics, various practical performance characteristics such as voltage linearity, inverter output current ripple, inverter DC-link current ripple, and output line-to-line voltage pulse pattern are also analyzed. The study involves analysis, computer simulations, and detailed laboratory experiments.
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Hasanaj, Qendresa. "Family History in the Assessment of Risk for Common Complex Diseases: Current State of Evidence." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20682.
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Family history (FH) is a risk factor for many diseases. Disease guidelines often include family history as important in assessing chronic disease risks, but the empirical evidence base to inform the routine use of family history in primary care in practice appears largely lacking. An environmental scan of how family history is represented in prevention guidelines for five conditions showed that, while family history is often included in guidelines, there is variation in the definition used, recommendation given and evidence cited. A dataset on cardiovascular health in women was analyzed to examine whether family history offers useful discrimination value above standard risk factors. Regression results showed that family history is an independent risk predictor for coronary heart disease which improves discrimination beyond classical clinical factors. However, the absolute amount of discriminatory ability alone or with other factors is moderate at best, raising issues regarding clinical utility.
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Hager, Richard S. "Current and future efforts to vary the level of detail for the common operational picture." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341674.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997."December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Gary R. Porter, William G. Kemple. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77). Also available online.
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Tröger, Sven, and Matthias Kröger. "Damage of bearings caused by electrical discharge currents at large drives derived from latest field research results." TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 2019. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38455.
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Bearing currents are not all the same. Under certain circumstances and special use cases classic bearing insulations are not sufficient anymore to prevent bearing currents due to the operation of frequency converters. Additional corrective measures have to be implemented to reduce the source of bearing currents the common mode current. The usage of nanocrystalline tape wound
cores shows high effectiveness. As part of a big field study with more than 50 large drive trains in the primary industry, the damaging mechanics of bearing currents are examined under real conditions. Of exceptional high interest is the influence of disturbances which can hardly be simulated in the laboratory. Additional to the shielded motor cable parallel installed functional potential equalization cables applied multiple times have almost no effect in regard to reducing the bearing current. With an optimal installed functional potential equalization system more than 95 percent of the common mode current can flow back through the motor cable shield to the converter. The disturbance impact in the field can influence the voltage over the bearing that breakthroughs are favored but also reduced.
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Zhao, Zhao [Verfasser], Roberto [Gutachter] Leidhold, and Ralf [Gutachter] Vick. "Common-mode current reduction technologies in four-wire inverter-fed motors / Zhao Zhao ; Gutachter: Roberto Leidhold, Ralf Vick." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239811497/34.
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Denton, John Curtis. "Current and Projected Nest Site Availability for Cavity-nesting Waterfowl in the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/536.
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Clearing of old growth forests resulted in a substantial loss of nesting habitat for cavity-nesting waterfowl during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since then, many hardwood forests have matured into size classes capable of producing cavities suitable for nesting ducks. To quantify changes in cavity availability in U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3, which contains most of the midwestern U.S., I examined current cavity availability at 4 sites where cavity availability had been estimated in the past; Mingo National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in Missouri, Shiawassee NWR in Michigan, Mead Wildlife Area (WA) in Wisconsin, and Muscatatuck NWR in Indiana. I found densities of 1.8 ± 0.4, 1.4 ± 0.3, 0.9 ± 0.4, and 1.8 ± 0.4 suitable cavities per hectare at each of these sites, respectively. Suitable cavities per hectare increased at Mingo NWR (433%) since 1966 and Shiawassee NWR (1400%) since 1974, but remained similar at Mead WA and Muscatatuck NWR since the mid-1980's, after accounting for differences in past, study-specific criteria for cavity suitability. Differences among sites were likely due to variation in species composition, stage of forest maturation, timber management, and time elapsed since the previous studies. Comparison of size-class distributions for all trees and for trees with cavities indicated that cavities occur in the largest trees and that forests have yet to mature into the most prolific cavity-producing size classes. This conclusion was corroborated by forest growth modeling results from Forest Vegetation Simulator, a forest growth-modeling program from the USDA Forest Service. I used Forest Inventory and Analysis data to model growth from 2008 to 2058 at 10-year intervals for Region 3. Cavity per tree estimates from the 4 study sites were applied to modeling outputs, and cavity availability was projected to almost double over the entire region by 2058. Thus, the observed and further expected increases in cavity density in the region justify re-examination of nest box programs and possibly a reduction of artificial nest boxes in some areas of the region where sufficient natural cavities exist. Because current and future estimates indicate sufficient nest sites for cavity-nesting waterfowl, efforts should be spent protecting and restoring brood-rearing wetlands, which are known to be declining in many areas of Region 3.
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Ball, Martyn Norman. "Noise law in England and Wales : a comparative study of the current common law and legislative control of noise pollution." Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366447.
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Rivera, Muñoz Paulina. "Principle of common but differentiated responsabilities and its current interpretation problems in the context of the climate change international regulations." Tesis, Universidad de Chiles, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114523.
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Tesis (magíster en derecho con mención en derecho internacional, inversiones, comercio y arbitraje)It is widely recognized that the Earth is experimenting serious environmental challenges nowadays. Acid rain, ozone depletion, toxic and hazardous products and others, are problems that are affecting life in our planet as we know it. One of these environmental issues is the climate change caused by global warming, due to the increasing greenhouse gases ( GHG ) emissions
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Tandiroglu, Isil. "Exploring The Perceptions Of Teachers About Their Current And Desired Competencies Defined By Cef And Elp: A Case Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609809/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the required teacher competencies in the implementation of the Common European Framework (CEF) and the English Language Portfolio (ELP) and to explore the perceptions of teachers about their current and desired competencies defined by CEF and ELP.
The required competencies for the teachers are defined in the book calledCommon European Framework of Reference for Languages. This book being a reference for the whole European Union countries, identifies required teacher competencies under four common European principlesa graduate profession, a profession placed within the context of lifelong learning, a mobile profession, a profession based on partnerships, and three key competencies
work with information, technology and knowledge, work with their fellow human beings &ndash
learners, colleagues and other partners in education, and work with and in society - at local, regional, national, European and broader global levels. A group of 40 teachers randomly selected at the Department of Basic English, School of Foreign Languages at the Middle East Technical University participated in this case study. A questionnaire about required teacher competencies in the implementation of the CEF and the English Language Portfolio was administrated to these teachers and the results were analyzed quantitatively and with the use of the descriptive and exploratory statistics. The findings obtained revealed that the teachers that participated in the questionnaire found themselves to be very competent in the required teacher competencies defined in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, however, they would like to have to be experts in these competencies and also they have found these competencies to be very important.
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Yan, Ning. "High-frequency Current-transformer Based Auxiliary Power Supply for SiC-based Medium Voltage Converter Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101507.
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Auxiliary power supply (APS) plays a key role in ensuring the safe operation of the main circuit elements including gate drivers, sensors, controllers, etc. in medium voltage (MV) silicon carbide (SiC)-based converter systems. Such a converter requires APS to have high insulation capability, low common-mode coupling capacitance (Ccm ), and high-power density. Furthermore, considering the lifetime and simplicity of the auxiliary power supply system design in the MV converter, partial discharge (PD) free and multi-load driving ability are the additional two factors that need to be addressed in the design. However, today’s state-of-the-art products have either low power rating or bulky designs, which does not satisfy the demands. To improve the current designs, this thesis presents a 1 MHz isolated APS design using gallium nitride (GaN) devices with MV insulation reinforcement.
By adopting LCCL-LC resonant topology, the proposed APS is able to supply multiple loads simultaneously and realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) at any load conditions. Since high reliability under faulty load conditions is also an important feature for APS in MV converter, the secondary side circuit of APS is designed as a regulated stage. To achieve MV insulation (> 20 kV) as well as low Ccm value (< 5 pF), a current-based transformer with a single turn structure using MV insulation wire is designed. Furthermore, by introducing different insulated materials and shielding structures, the APS is capable to achieve different partial discharge inception voltages (PDIV). In this thesis, the transformer design, resonant converter design, and insulation strategies will be detailly explained and verified by experiment results.
Overall, this proposed APS is capable to supply multiple loads simultaneously with a maximum power of 120 W for the sending side and 20 W for each receiving side in a compact form factor. ZVS can be realized regardless of load conditions. Based on different insulation materials, two different receiving sides were built. Both of them can achieve a breakdown voltage of over 20 kV. The air-insulated solution can achieve a PDIV of 6 kV with Ccm of 1.2 pF. The silicone-insulated solution can achieve a PDIV of 17 kV with Ccm of 3.9 pF.M.S.
Recently, 10 kV silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET receives strong attention for medium voltage applications. Asit can switch at very high speed, e.g. > 50 V/ns, the converter system can operate at higher switching frequency condition with very small switching losses compared to silicon (Si) IGBT [8]. However, the fast dv/dt noise also creates the common mode current via coupling capacitors distributed inside the converter system, thereby introducing lots of electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues. Such issues typically occur within the gate driver power supplies due to the high dv/dt noises across the input and output of the supply. Therefore, the ultra-small coupling capacitor (<5 pF) of a gate driver power supply is strongly desired.[37] To satisfy the APS demands for high power modular converter system, a solution is proposed in this thesis. This work investigates the design of 1 MHz isolated APS using gallium nitride (GaN) devices with medium voltage insulation reinforcement. By increasing switching frequency, the overall converter size could be reduced dramatically. To achieve a low Ccm value and medium voltage insulation of the system, a current-based transformer with a single turn on the sending side is designed. By adopting LCCL-LC resonant topology, a current source is formed as the output of sending side circuity, so it can drive multiple loads importantly with a maximum of 120 W. At the same time, ZVS can use realized with different load conditions. The receiving side is a regulated stage, so the output voltage can be easily adjusted and it can operate in a load fault condition. Different insulation solutions will be introduced and their effect on Ccm will be discussed. To further reduce Ccm, shielding will be introduced. Overall, this proposed APS can achieve a breakdown voltage of over 20 kV and PDIV up to 16.6 kV with Ccm<5 pF. Besides, multi-load driving ability is able to achieve with a maximum of 120 W. ZVS can be realized. In the end, the experiment results will be provided.
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Ye, Zhihong. "Modeling and Control of Parallel Three-Phase PWM Converters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29476.
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This dissertation studies modeling and control issues of parallel three-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) converters. The converters include three-phase boost rectifiers, voltage source inverters, buck rectifiers and current source inverters.
The averaging of the parallel converters is performed based on a generic functional switching unit, which is called a phase leg in boost rectifiers and voltage source inverters, and a rail arm in buck rectifiers and current source inverters. Based on phase-leg and rail-arm averaging, the developed models are not only equivalent to the conventional three-phase converter models that are based on phase-to-phase averaging, but they also preserve common-mode information, which is critical in the analysis of the parallel converters. The models reveal such parallel dynamics as reactive power circulation and small-signal interaction.
A unique feature of the parallel three-phase converters is a zero-sequence circulating current. This work proposes a novel zero-sequence control concept that uses variable zero-vectors in the space-vector modulation (SVM) of the converters. The control can be implemented within an individual converter and is independent from the other control loops for the converter. Therefore, it greatly facilitates the design and expansion of a parallel system.
Proper operation of the parallel converters requires an explicit load-sharing mechanism. In order to have a modular design, a droop method is recommended. Traditionally, however, a droop method has to compromise between voltage regulation and load sharing. After parametric analysis, a novel droop method using a gain-scheduling technique is proposed. The numeric analysis shows that the proposed droop method can achieve both good voltage regulation and good load sharing.
An interleaving technique is often used in parallel converter systems in order to reduce current ripples. Because of its symmetrical circuit structure, the parallel three-phase converter system can reduce both differential-mode and common-mode noise with a center-aligned symmetrical SVM.
Based on the concept that a symmetrical circuit can reduce common-mode dv/dt noise, a conventional three-phase, four-leg inverter is modified so that its fourth leg is symmetrical to the other three legs. The common-mode dv/dt noise can be practically eliminated with a new modulation strategy. Meanwhile, with a modified control design, the new four-leg inverter still can handle low-frequency common-mode components that occur due to unbalanced and nonlinear load.Ph. D.
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Swize, Gregory Emil 1974. "Implementation of a sinusoidal current drive for a brushless three phase motor using a common sense resistor for rotor position feedback." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49660.
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Ozkan, Ziya. "Leakage Current And Energy Efficiency Analyses Of Single Phase Grid Connected Multi-kva Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverters." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614236/index.pdf.
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In order to inject solar power to the utility grid, among various types of inverters, Grid Connected Transformerless Solar Inverters (GCTSI) are mostly preferred for residential or commercial applications. This preference is because of the high energy efficiency and low cost due to the absence of a line frequency or a high frequency transformer. Peak value of the efficiency characteristics of GCTSIs can reach 98%, which are selected topology, component optimization, switching strategy and operating condition dependent. In spite of the attractive energy efficiency characteristics of GCTSIs, due to the lack of galvanic isolation, these inverters are vulnerable to leakage currents, which are prohibitive for the safety and the maintenance reasons. The purpose of this research is to analyze GCTSIs in terms of their leakage current and energy efficiency characteristics. In the research, the leakage current mechanisms of GCTSIs are identified and grid connected solar inverters are classified in terms of their leakage current characteristics including the GCTSIs. In addition to the existing ones, several novel topologies are proposed enriching the family of GCTSIs. The leakage current and the inductor current ripple performances of GCTSI topologies are analyzed and evaluated by detailed simulations for 3 kVA and 10 kVA single-phase systems. In addition, the energy efficiency characteristics of GCTSIs are investigated in these power levels by making use of Calculated Average Power Per Switching Cycle (CAPPSC) method. The efficiency studies with CAPPSC method provide design guidelines and comparison of the GCTSI topologies in terms of their energy efficiency characteristics.
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Van, der Merwe Paul Stephanus. "Cabling and interfaces for Karoo Array telescopes : modelling and metrology." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6559.
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Thesis (DPhil (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Karoo Array Telescope (KAT) will be used by South Africa in its bid to host the international Square Kilometre Array (SKA). As the SKA will have orders of magnitude greater sensitivity than existing radio telescopes, it will also be concomitantly more sensitive to radio frequency interference (RFI). The influence of RFI on a differential mode (DM) KAT conductive system is an unavoidable phenomenon. In this context, the conductive or galvanic system can, in its most basic form, consist of a source, a load, and connecting conductors. It can also, in the case of the KAT-7 seven-dish interferometer, consist of each telescope, its functional cabling, and the main correlator connecting the telescopes together. However, additional connections between the system and the environment exist. These might be an intentional connection made to the earthing layout, or unintentional connections due to parasitic capacitances and inductive connections. As a result of this, additional conductive systems are created which carry common mode (CM) currents. Interference present in such CM paths enters the DM system through the transfer impedance (Zt) between them. To reduce or eliminate this interference in the DM system, Zt has to be minimised. The use of an earthed parallel conductor (EPC as commonly referred to) in the form of a cable tray is considered to be one of the principal methods to reduce Zt. The properties of cable trays as EPCs at wavelengths which are greater than the tray length are well documented. One main focus in this dissertation is on cable tray mid-span and end connections. They are not well described in the literature over the wide range of frequencies that is expected for KAT developments. The influence of the most common connections on the measured and computed Zt of the cable tray is determined. Computer Simulation Technology’s Microwave Studio (CST MWS) is employed to validate the measured results and also to enable visualisation of the fields and currents. Recommendations for the best connection to use for any cable tray installation is given. The overall shielding ability of optimally-connected cable trays has been evaluated using a physical and computational model. In both cases the induced voltage on a victim conductor, and far-field gain functions for varying angles of incidence onto the model, are determined. The results also show that for certain scenarios, most of the coupling to the victim conductor, takes place inside the end enclosure and not the cable tray. In general, properly-connected cable trays do provide protection to their enclosed conductors, even at frequencies were the wavelength is much shorter than the width of the tray. The second main focus arises from an on-site radio frequency (RF) current audit undertaken on two of the seven KAT-7 telescopes. Shielding measures, such as interface barriers at the floor and roof of the lower telescope pedestal, are studied. The investigation is facilitated by the development of an accurate physical and computational scale model of the dish. Direct current injection and plane wave illumination methods are used to excite the system. The measured CM current distributions are compared and comments made regarding the validity of the measurement procedure. The CM currents, measured around the outside of the lower pedestal show higher levels when a direct current path to ground is established, as opposed to when no clear path exists. This finding suggests at least two methods of preventing CM interference entering or leaving the pedestal: harden the floor and roof barriers, or manage current paths outside the telescope. Related to this, CM currents measured either side of the telescope interface barriers, are used to determine the level of shielding the interface provides. When compared to the common definition of shielding effectiveness, the current measurement provides more conservative shielding estimates. The research in this dissertation has influenced, and will continue to influence, the layout of galvanic systems for the present KAT-7 structures and the anticipated developments to MeerKAT.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Karoo Array Telescop (KAT) sal gebruik word deur Suid-Afrika in sy poging om die bod te kry om die internasionale Square Kilometre Array (SKA) te huisves. Aangesien die SKA ordes meer sensitief sal wees as bestaande radioteleskope, sal dit terselfdertyd ook meer sensitief wees vir radio frekwensie steurnisse. Die invloed van radio frekwensie steurnisse op die differentiëlemodus KAT geleidende netwerk is iets onvermydeliks. Binne hierdie konteks kan die geleidende netwerk, in sy mees basiese vorm, bestaan uit ʼn bron, ʼn las, en verbindingsgeleiers. Dit kan ook, in die geval van die KAT-7 sewe-teleskoop interferometer, bestaan uit elke teleskoop, sy funksionele bekabeling, en die korrelator wat die verbinding is tussen al die teleskope. Daar is egter, addisionele verbindings tussen die netwerk en die onmiddellike omgewing rondom dit. Hierdie verbindings kan opsetlik gemaak word deur byvoorbeeld, verbinding van die netwerk se aardkabel aan die res van die beaarding, of onopsetlik deur parasitiese kapasitansies en induktiewe verbindings. As gevolg hiervan word addisionele geledende netwerke geskep waarin gemenemodus strome kan vloei. Indien daar wel strome in die gemenemodus netwerk vloei, word dit oorgedra aan die differentiëlemodus netwerk deur ʼn oordragimpedansie (Zt) wat teenwoordig is tussen die twee. Om dus die steurnisse in die differentiëlemodus netwerk te verminder of te elimineer, moet Zt tot ʼn minimum beperk word. Die gebruik van ʼn geaarde parallelle geleier in die vorm van ʼn kabelkanaal, word beskou as een van die mees doeltreffendste metodes om Zt te verminder. Die eienskappe van kabelkanale as geaarde parallelle geleiers by frekwensies waar die golflengtes langer is as die van die kabelkanaal, is volledig gedokumenteer. Een van die belangrikste fokuspunte in hierdie verhandeling is rakende die kabelkanale se middel en eindpuntverbindings. Hulle word nie goed beskryf in die beskikbare literatuur nie, en weliswaar vir wyeband doeleindes wat vir KAT ontwikkelinge verwag word. Die invloed van die mees algemeenste kabelkanaal verbindings op gemete en berekende Zt word bepaal. Computer Simulation Technology’s Microwave Studio (CST MWS) word eerstens, gebruik om die akkuraatheid van die gemete resultate te bewys en tweedens, deur visualisering van E-veld en gemenemodus oppervlak strome. Aanbevelings vir die beste verbindings vir enige kabelkanaal opstelling word gegee. Die algemene afskerminsvermoeë van ʼn idiaal-verbinde kabelkanaal word bepaal deur middel van metings en simulasies. In beide gevalle word die geïnduseerde spanning op ʼn slagoffer kabel, en die verveld aanwins funksie bepaal vir verskillende invalshoeke op die model. Die resultate toon verder dat vir spesifieke gevalle wat beskou word, die meeste koppeling binne die kabinet aan die einde van die kabelkanaal plaasvind. Oor die algemeen verskaf goed verbinde kabelkanale wel ʼn sekere vlak van beskerming aan kabels binne die kabelkanaal, selfs by frekwensies waar die golflengte baie korter is as die breedte van die kabelkanaal. Die tweede belangrike fokuspunt spruit voort uit ʼn radio frekwensie stroomoudit, wat twee van die KAT-7 teleskope evalueer het. Afskermingsmatreëls soos die kabelhindernisse op die vloer en dak van die onderste teleskoop voetstuk, word bestudeer. Tesame met die metings op die werklike teleskoop wat geneem is, word ʼn akkurate fisiese en simulasie skaalmodel geskep om die metings beter te analiseer. Direkte stroominspuitings metode en platvlakgolf beligting word gebruik om gemenemodus strome op die teleskoop se struktuur te induseer. Die gemenemodus stroomverspreiding vir beide tegnieke word vergelyk in ʼn poging om kommentaar te lewer rakende die geldigheid van die meettegniek. Die gemenemodus strome wat aan die buitekant van die teleskoop voetstuk gemeet word, is hoër wanneer ʼn direkte stroompad na grond op die voetstuk geskep word in vergelyking met ʼn ongedefinieerde pad. Hierdie verskynsel dui daarop dat ten minste twee metodes bestaan om die ongevraagde gemenemodus strome te verhoed om aan die binnekant van die teleskoop voetstuk te vloei. Die een is die verbetering van die vloer en dak kabelhindernisse, en die ander is verbetering van die stroompad (stroompaaie) aan die buitekant van die voetstuk sodat ʼn meer direkte pad na grond geskep word. Die gemiddelde gemenemodus strome weerskante van die kabelhindernis, kan gebruik word op te bepaal hoeveel afskerming die hindernis bied. Indien die berekende waardes by verskillende frekwensies vergelyk word met die tradisionele filter doeltreffendheid (Zt), word ʼn meer konserwatiewe beraming verkry. Die navorsing in hierdie verhandeling het alreeds, maar sal ook die toekomstige uitleg van galvaniese stelsels vir KAT-7 asook die verwagte MeerKAT beïnvloed.
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Starkey, Clay E. "Use of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides for control of common weeds in Arkansas and current status of herbicide-resistance among Echinochloa populations in Arkansas." Thesis, University of Arkansas, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1603448.
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Herbicide-resistant weeds in Arkansas cause problems for growers. Up-to-date information and new technologies can help plan mitigation strategies to slow resistant weeds. The objectives of this research were to provide a ‘snapshot’ of herbicide-resistant Echinochloa spp. in rice producing counties, determine how much resistance has spread across the state, and understand the effectiveness of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides for control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth relative to commercial standards currently labeled in soybean. To assess the prevalence of Echinochloa spp. resistance, 82 samples were collected from 23 rice producing counties in 2010. The samples were tested for resistance to commonly used rice herbicides: propanil, quinclorac, imazethapyr, fenoxaprop, clomazone, and glyphosate. Of the 82 samples collected, 29 were resistant to propanil, 13 were resistant to quinclorac and 9 samples were resistant to both propanil and quinclorac. Accessions were also treated with 0.5x the labeled field rate for glufosinate and isoxaflutole to determine background variation in sensitivity among populations to these herbicides as Echinochloa is among the major weeds in crops where these herbicides are used. No resistance to imazethapyr, clomazone, fenoxaprop, or glyphosate was observed; likewise all accessions were sensitive to glufosinate or isoxaflutole. One strategy for controlling herbicide-resistant weeds is the use of transgenic crops. The expected release of soybean in 2016 and cotton in 2020 with resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides provide alternative mechanisms-of-action to control weeds. Experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to determine the efficacy of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides as a preemergence (PRE) option for Echinochloa spp. and Palmer amaranth control and as a postemergence (POST) option with and without glyphosate or glufosinate. The PRE applied HPPD-inhibiting herbicides do not carry the residual control as the current industry standards; however they are still capable of providing 4 weeks of control of Palmer amaranth and Echinochloa spp.. For both years in the POST trials, all treatments, except glyphosate alone, provided >90% control of 2.5- to 10-cm tall GR-Palmer amaranth at 3 wk after treatment. When herbicides were applied to larger Palmer amaranth, 15- to 25-cm tall, control with isoxaflutole + glyphosate, tembotrione + glufosinate, and tembotrione + glyphosate were greater than 90%. Applications made to Palmer amaranth larger than 25 cm was not effective (< 80% control).
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Rankin, Thomas James. "Comparing the Utility and Reliability of Two Current Suicide-Related Nomenclatures." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1365533457.
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Fredericks, Martin. "Simulated transactions from a common-law perspective and whether this doctrine is still relevant in respect to the application of the current anti-avoidance rules." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23785.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the common-law principles pertaining to simulated transactions in an effort to protect our tax base and to expose unlawful tax evasion. This paper highlights what is currently regarded as a 'simulation' and how South Africa compares to international practices. I have divided my discussion into five parts, viz: 1. Analysis of the requirements for an effective tax system; 2. Discussion of common-law principles; 3. Simulated transactions from a common law perspective, 4. International case law on simulated transactions; and 5. Relevance of common-law principles to the current GAAR.
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Woodland, Stephen J. "Agriculture and the macro-economy : a case study of the European Community market for common wheat with reference to the current round of multilateral trade negotiations /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecW891.pdf.
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Ramothlale, Elizabeth Faith. "An investigation into the appropriateness of the current assessment model continuous assessment (CASS) and common task for assessment (CTA) for the general education and training band." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04072010-121044.
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Chen, Baifeng. "High-efficiency Transformerless PV Inverter Circuits." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56686.
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With worldwide growing demand for electric energy, there has been a great interest in exploring photovoltaic (PV) sources. For the PV generation system, the power converter is the most essential part for the efficiency and function performance. In recent years, there have been quite a few new transformerless PV inverters topologies, which eliminate the traditional line frequency transformers to achieve lower cost and higher efficiency, and maintain lower leakage current as well.
With an overview of the state-of-the-art transformerless PV inverters, a new inverter technology is summarized in the Chapter 2, which is named V-NPC inverter technology. Based this V-NPC technology, a family of high efficiency transformerless inverters are proposed and detailly analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of V-NPC technology and high performance of the transformerless inverters.
For the lower power level transformerless inverters, most of the innovative topologies try to use super junction metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET) to boost efficiency, but these MOSFET based inverter topologies suffer from one or more of these drawbacks: MOSFET failure risk from body diode reverse recovery, increased conduction losses due to more devices, or low magnetics utilization. By splitting the conventional MOSFET based phase leg with an optimized inductor, Chapter 3 proposes a novel MOSFET based phase leg configuration to minimize these drawbacks. Based on the proposed phase leg configuration, a high efficiency single-phase MOSFET transformerless inverter is presented for the PV micro-inverter applications. The PWM modulation and circuit operation principle are then described. The common mode and differential mode voltage model is then presented and analyzed for circuit design. Experimental results of a 250 W hardware prototype are shown to demonstrate the merits of the proposed MOSFET based phase-le and the proposed transformerless inverter.
New codes require PV inverters to provide system regulation and service to improve the distribution system stabilization. One obvious impact on PV inverters is that they now need to have reactive power generation capability. The Chapter 4 improves the MOFET based transformerless inverter in the Chapter 3 and proposed a novel pulse width modulation (PWM) method for reactive power generation. The ground loop voltage of this inverter under the proposed PWM method is also derived with common mode and differential mode circuit analyses, which indicate that high-frequency voltage component can be minimized with symmetrical design of inductors. A 250-W inverter hardware prototype has been designed and fabricated. Steady state and transient operating conditions are tested to demonstrate the validity of improved inverter and proposed PWM method for reactive power generation, high efficiency of the inverter circuit, and the high-frequency-free ground loop voltage.
Besides the high efficiency inverter circuit, the grid connection function is also the essential part of the PV system. The Chapter 5 present the overall function blocks for a grid-connected PV inverter system. The current control and voltage control loop is then analyzed, modeled, and designed. The dynamic reactive power generation is also realized in the control system. The new PLL method for the grid frequency/voltage disturbance is also realized and demonstrate the validity of the detection and protection capability for the voltage/frequency disturbance.
At last, a brief conclusion is given in the Chapter 6 about each work. After that, future works on device packaging, system integration, innovation on inverter circuit, and standard compliance are discussed.Ph. D.
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Winnischofer, Godofredo. "Contribuição das configurações de sistemas de acionamento e de seus componentes naturais no controle de interferências eletromagnéticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-19032015-164538/.
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Nos últimos 20 anos, o inversor de frequência PWM passou a ser largamente utilizado. Dentre as razões principais de sua ampla difusão, cita-se a introdução do IGBT que, devido à sua capacidade de comutação rápida, possibilitou a redução de perdas, tamanho e custo dos conversores, ao mesmo tempo em que permitiu o uso do motor de indução em aplicações que demandam alto desempenho dinâmico. Porém, esta mesma característica que trouxe tais benefícios, contribuiu para acentuar os efeitos relacionados a fenômenos eletromagnéticos, devido à rápida transição que produz sinais em alta frequência, responsáveis por tornar os sistemas de acionamentos potenciais fontes de interferência eletromagnética. Os principais fenômenos desta natureza são a tensão de onda refletida, associada a ruídos de modo diferencial, e a corrente de modo comum. De maneira geral, a corrente de modo comum tem maior potencial de contribuição para a emissão radiada que a de modo diferencial e, em sistemas de acionamento, constitui a principal fonte de interferência eletromagnética. Esta não é resultado apenas da rápida comutação dos IGBTs, mas, também, da configuração do sistema, que propicia o surgimento das tensões de modo comum. Este trabalho visa estudar alternativas que minimizem, naturalmente, estas tensões através de sua configuração, reduzindo-se a necessidade de novos componentes, como filtros passivos ou circuitos ativos. Ressalta-se, assim, que o primeiro passo consistiu-se na compreensão do problema de geração da tensão de modo comum. Visando atingir os propósitos anteriormente mencionados, foi idealizado um inversor, composto de duas pontes chaveando em oposição, chamado de duplo-trifásico. A partir de simulações, avaliou-se seu potencial e definiu-se sua implementação, a partir de dois inversores idênticos. Testou-se o protótipo contra um terceiro módulo de mesmo tipo, em iguais condições. A comparação dos resultados indicou que a configuração proposta pode ser eficiente no controle do ruído de modo comum, obtendo-se valores de redução de 86%. Nota-se que o comportamento observado via o protótipo, permite um melhor entendimento dos fenômenos relativos à circulação da corrente de modo comum. Desta forma, à luz da pesquisa realizada, nota-se que, conceitualmente, a solução proposta se destaca das demais apresentadas na literatura pela sua exequibilidade e simplicidade.Over the last 20 years, the PWM frequency inverter has become widely used. Among the main reasons for its widespread distribution is the introduction of the IGBT, due to its ability for fast switching allowing the reduction of losses, size and cost of the converters, and the use of the induction motor in applications that demand high dynamic performance. However, this same characteristic that brought such benefits, stressed the effects related to electromagnetic phenomena, due to the fast transition that produces high frequency signals, responsible for turning drive systems, potential sources of electromagnetic interference. The main phenomena of this nature are the reflected wave overvoltage, associated with differential mode noise, and the common mode current. In general, the common mode current has greater potential of contribution to the emission of radiated interference than the differential mode current and is the main source of electromagnetic interference in drive systems. The common mode current is not just the result of the fast transitions of IGBTs, but also of the system configuration, which produces common mode voltages. This work aims to study alternatives that minimize, naturally, those voltages through its configuration, reducing the need for additional components, such as passive filters or active circuits. It is pointed, that the first step consisted in the understanding of the problem of the common mode voltage generation. In order to address this objective, an inverter composed of two bridges, switching in opposition, called double-three-phase was designed. Its potential for noise mitigation, as well, its implementation, with two identical inverters was evaluated by simulations. The prototype was tested against a third module of the same type, under the same conditions. The comparison of the results indicated that the proposed configuration can be efficient in the common mode noise control, with 86% reduction. The behavior observed through the prototype allows a better understanding of the phenomena involving common mode current. Thus, in the light of the research, we note that, conceptually, the proposed solution stands out for its practicality and simplicity, from the others presented in the literature.
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Nackers, Martin. "Stray voltage symptoms common in dairy cattle eliminated by on-farm neutral isolation." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000nackersm.pdf.
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Kamara, Samura Matthew Wilson. "West African monetary unification : the case for a common currency." Thesis, Bangor University, 1986. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/west-african-monetary-unification--the-case-for-a-common-currency(2aae674a-8777-47bf-83c6-f3a5641b8d23).html.
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In recent years, scholarly attention on the complementary role of monetary integration to further economic integration in developing countries has tended to emphasise the direct and indirect benefits of 'limited monetary integration' while neglecting considerations of those benefits likely to accrue from adopting a common currency or fixed rates of exchange between their national currencies. However, the decision by the Heads of State and Government of the 16 members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in May 1983 requesting a study of proposals leading to the creation of a single ECOWAS monetary zone has given a new scope and dimension of interest in the economics of common currencies. The West African countries in their efforts to integrate and achieve higher growth and development are increasingly frustrated by a number of internal and external factors including their dependent, disintegrated and inefficient patterns of domestic production, trade and currency systems, in particular, the continuing weakness and increasing precariousness of their national currencies, and a succession of global monetary and financial crises. These constraints, together with the payments and adjustment problems they have occasioned, and the relative unsuccessful experiences in currency management, payments and exchange restrictions within the West African Clearing House (WACH) and the exclusively francophone West African Monetary Union (WAMU or UMOA), have created a need for extending and deepening the scope for monetary and economic cooperation in the region. The Study advocates principally an all-embracing monetary union by means of a common currency as a strategic catalyst and timely element of realism that would create an impulse for national development and regional economic integration. Using basic propositions concerning aspects of monetary integration, stressing in particular the foundations of optimum currency areas, the Study tries to present a comprehensive and analytic discussion of the feasibility, processes, beneficial effects and constraints involved in achieving currency unification in the broader setting of West Africa's disparate economic and socio-political developments.
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Vieira, Filipe Costa Beber. "Amplificador de Instrumentação em Modo Corrente com entrada e saída Rail-to-Rail." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5347.
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This dissertation is aimed at the development of a current mode instrumentation amplifier (CMIA) with a high common mode input range. This characteristic is obtained due
to the rail-to-rail operational amplifiers (opamps). These opamps are built with rail-to-rail differential amplifiers as input stages, and with cascode-based output stages, which are able to copy its current by adding identical branches and connecting their gates without the voltage
degradation as the known CMIA topologies. The main contribution of this work is the development of a rail-to-rail current mode instrumentation amplifier, analyzing the pros and cons of this topology. The functionality of the proposed topology is shown through measured results of a manufactured integrated circuit. This first prototype, although it was operated in a large input common mode range, presented insufficient values of CMRR (Common Mode
Rejection Ratio) and VOS (Offset voltage). These two characteristics were studied and modeled, the instrumentation amplifier was re-designed, and simulated results demonstrate important improvements.Esta dissertação tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um amplificador de instrumentação em modo corrente com uma ampla faixa de entrada em modo comum. Esta característica é obtida graças ao emprego de estágios de amplificação rail-to-rail na entrada e a geração do sinal de saída através do espelhamento da corrente diretamente dos gates dos transistores do estágio ao invés da alternativa clássica, onde espelhos são ligados em série e degradam a excursão do sinal de saída. Com esta proposta, é possível a implementação de ampops com entrada e saída rail-to-rail. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é analisar as vantagens e desvantagens da utilização destas soluções na implementação de um amplificador de instrumentação com entrada rail-to-rail. A funcionalidade da topologia proposta é demonstrada através dos resultados medidos de um circuito integrado fabricado. Este primeiro protótipo, apesar do bom funcionamento em toda a faixa de entrada em modo comum, apresentou valores insatisfatórios de CMRR (Common Mode Rejection Ratio) e de VOS (Tensão de offset), o que levou a um aprofundamento no estudo e modelagem destas características. A partir disto, o circuito foi re-projetado e os resultados de simulação demonstram melhorias bastante significativas em suas características.
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Kužílek, Pavel. "Evropská měnová unie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73801.
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The aim of this work is to analyze the success of European monetary integration and it's contribution to countries, who's economics are, no matter if for the long lasting difficulties or recent transformation, likely to be called hazardous. In the first part, the work concerns itself with the very conception of the idea of European monetary integration and it's development, over the final form of the project, it's accomplishment up till current problem and challenges. The second part is an analysis of chosen countries who belong in the category named above. With this countries I will try to analyze the effect that joining the monetary union had on their economy. In the end I'll summarize the acquired knowledge to evaluate the effect of the common currency on the chosen group of countries.
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Eovito, Bryan A. "An assessment of joint chat requirements from current usage patterns." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FEovito.pdf.
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Krishnamurthy, Anush Viswanath. "FPGA BASED CONTROL OF HIGH TEMPERATURE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR FOR IMPROVING THE INPUT POWER QUALITY." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/246.
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This thesis develops a hardware circuit implementation of a novel algorithm for reducing a SRM drives input current ripple or equivalently to improve the SRM drives input power quality. The algorithm requires the SRMs phase current to follow a trapezoidal trajectory relative to the rotors position with the magnitude of the current dependent on the desired average torque. This thesis deals with the generation of the required current command that is the input to a separate analog current regulator that forces the SRMs current to follow the generated current command. The final circuit design must be capable of operating at 200C to be part of a high temperature aircraft actuator. In this thesis, room temperature hardware is used to emulate and verify the high temperature design. Both a high temperature microcontroller based design and a high temperature gate array based design are considered with the high temperature gate array based design being chosen. Ultimately, a standard room temperature Xilinx FPGA is chosen to emulate the high temperature gate array. The FPGA is programmed using Verilog HDL and the code is downloaded into the chip using Xilinx ISE software. The experimentally generated output is validated by comparing it with simulation results from a detailed Simulink model of the complete drive system.
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Vallance, Phillip James. "Digital Control of Levitation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33767.
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Electromagnetic levitation has been commonly researched for the use in ground transit systems. It is ideal for high-speed applications that require low friction. The principle is simple, use electromagnetic force to balance the force imposed by gravity. However, for attractive levitation the system is unstable and nonlinear. Two dominant approaches to this problem have been to use a state feedback control system or a simple linear PID compensated control architecture. State feedback is a well-known control technique, but is complicated to implement and can rely on linearization of the system dynamics. The simple PID control structure is very easy to implement, but can have severe performance degradation in the presence of noise. This system can usually be identified by its large acoustic noise. This is primarily due to the differential term in the controller. This thesis proposes a solution that uses two concepts: Current Command Generation (CCG) and a closed velocity loop.
CCG linearizes the control structure by utilizing the known magnetic properties of the system to convert a desired force to a current for any given air gap. This removes squared command terms from the control structure. This allows for a reliable and predictable implementation of linear feedback control systems.
The PID implementation of an attractive levitation system uses two control loops. The inner loop is a current controller, which receives current commands from the outer position loop. The proposed control architecture uses three loops. The innermost loop is the current controller, which receives current commands for the CCG. The middle loop is a velocity controller, which receives commands from the position (outer most) loop and produces force command output used as inputs to the CCG. The three loops consist of two Proportional Integral (PI) controllers for the current and velocity controllers and a Proportional (P) controller. There is no derivative term, making the proposed solution's performance far less dependent on noise.
This architecture removes the necessity of nonlinear elements in the control architectures and improves noise rejection through the use of the velocity loop. The acoustic noise performance of this system is enhanced by both of these methodologies and is shown in the experimental setup.Master of Science
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Dehghanikiadehi, Abbas. "Commande vectorielle innovante pour véhicules électriques ou hybrides." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC012/document.
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Durant ces dernières années, l'intérêt pour les technologies des véhicules à faibles émissions de carbone a fait un bond important à travers l'Union européenne (UE) et au-delà, encouragé en cela par les gouvernements et les constructeurs automobiles. De grands espoirs ont été mis plus récemment dans les véhicules électriques (VE) et les véhicules électriques hybrides (VEH) en tant que technologies clés pour atténuer le changement climatique, améliorer la sécurité énergétique et favoriser une nouvelle branche de l'industrie dans le secteur automobile. Ainsi, l'électrification des transports a été considérée comme une stratégie clé pour réduire les émissions de CO2 dans le secteur des transports. Le principal défi est d’augmenter l’autonomie des véhicules (ce qui a toujours été au coeur de la concurrence des industries du transport), ainsi que la durée de vie des volumineuses et coûteuses batteries. Par conséquent, ceci indique que le rendement du convertisseur de puissance est un des points clés à développer pour les générations des véhicules électriques à venir. L’autre paramètre influant est la qualité de la tension et du courant (en particulier la suppression des harmoniques basses fréquences) qui permet de réduire la taille des filtres d'entrée et de sortie de ces convertisseurs. L'objectif de cette thèse est de parvenir à un meilleur rendement en proposant de nouvelles structures de convertisseur de puissance et des commandes vectorielles modifiées ; le choix de deux onduleurs alimentant un moteur ouvert aux deux extrémités. Après l'analyse étape par étape, modèle théorique, simulation et enfin une mise en oeuvre expérimentale, il a été constaté que les nouvelles méthodes proposées sont compétitives et peuvent s’appliquer aux cas des VEH et des VE afin d’apporter des caractéristiques supérieures en termes d’efficacité et de qualité de tension et de courantOver the last decade, the interest for low-carbon vehicle technologies has surged among both governments and automotive manufacturers across and beyond the European Union (EU). Great hopes have been put, first, on biofuel vehicles and more recently on electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as key technologies to mitigate climate change, enhance energy security and nurture new industry branches within the automotive sector. So electrification of vehicles has been seen as a key strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector. The main challenge toward EVs and HEVs is to keep driving for longer distance (which has been always fields for competition among traction industries) as well as lifetime battery cells as storage system. As a result, these indicate importance of power converter efficiency as a key gate for next generations of these up-coming vehicles. The next parameter is the quality of output voltage/current (especially by suppressing low-order harmonics) to reduce the size of filtering. The aim of this thesis is to achieve better efficiency and output voltage/current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) by proposing novel power converter and associated Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) methods while imposing modification on power converter topology. As a result, dual-inverter is proposed to supply open-end motor from both sides. To this aim, three PWM methods are suggested as: The first one, Modified Space Vector Modulation (MSVM) for dual-inverter supplied by single dc source, improves efficiency by 4-5% (while having lower switching losses), and reduces Common Mode Voltage (CMV) levels by 66%, as well. The voltage/current harmonics are analytically analyzed which shows mainly better performance. Effective switching frequency is also reduced by 66% due to the reduction of number of commutations. In the second one, Near State PWM (NSPWM) is adapted for dual-inverter supplied by single dc source in order to eliminate triplen harmonics (therefore Zero Sequence Voltage, ZSV) and improve efficiency (by 3-4%) compared to Space Vector Modulation (SVM). Additionally due to avoiding use of zero vectors, CMV is improved by 66%. While having 8 commutations instead of 12 in SVM, effective switching frequency is improved by 33%. And finally, the third proposed method deals with NSPWM for dual-inverter supplied by two isolated dc sources wherein efficiency and CMV levels show the same performance as previous one. However, in this method, voltage THD is highly reduced compared to SVM. Triplen harmonics of the output voltage are inherently suppressed by the structure. These 3 proposed methods are analytically studied and their performances are step by step simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. Then the methods are implemented in dualinverter fed open-end motor in laboratory setup; and the results are compared with these of SVM. Finally, it is found that novel proposed methods are so competitive solutions to be applied in HEVs and EVs and bring superior efficiency and voltage/current harmonic features
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Jienwatcharamongkhol, Viroj. "The Effect of Euro on Intra-Eurozone FDI Flows." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12440.
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Since the end of World War II, foreign direct investment (FDI) has been leading the international financial capital flows and has tripled in 2000s over the decade earlier. With its positive effect on economic growth of host countries via spill-overs, it became a race among countries to attract multinational enterprises (MNEs) to invest in their countries. The introduction of European common currency theoretically helps reduce the transaction costs across borders with the reduction of exchange-rate uncertainties and associated costs of hedging, facilitation of international cost comparison. Moreover, mergers and acquisitions activities (M&As) account for 60-80% of FDI flows, and most MNEs engage in both export and setting up affiliates abroad, suggesting complementarity between trade and FDI. Thus reducing cross-border distance costs would encourage MNEs to increase its M&A activities abroad, resulting in more inward FDI flows in the eurozone, especially among member states. The gravity equation is used in this paper to estimate the euro effect from the dataset of inward FDI flows of 24 countries during 1993-2007 and the result confirms that common currency stimulates more intra-eurozone inward FDI flows by approximately 58%.
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Ozimkovska, Valenetyna [Verfasser]. "Essays on the common currency, real financial market exchange rates and capital flows / Valenetyna Ozimkovska." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/109622092X/34.
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Stainforth, Thorfinn Christopher. "Sailing alone : a historical-cultural explanation why Denmark has not introduced the European common currency." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5628.
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Denmark is the only country that is participating in the European
Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM-II), but intending to stay out of the European
Monetary Union (EMU). The country meets all of the criteria for membership in
the euro, is denying itself the potential benefits, political and economic, of full
membership, yet has effectively surrendered control over its own monetary
policy. This "halfway" policy is not easy to explain according to many academic
approaches, including small state theory, realist politics, and liberal economics.
Academics have attempted to explain the reasons for the rejection of the
euro, breaking down into four main theories, three of which focus on the
referendum results which led to the Danish public's rejection of the euro. They
are, "Second Order" theories, which explain the referendum outcomes as
tangential to the population's actual feelings on E M U or European integration;
"Values Oriented" theories which explain the results based on the values and
beliefs of the Danish electorate; "Utilitarian" theories which explain the rejections
from a self-interested, utilitarian assessment of voting patterns. And a fourth
school sees the referendum results as red herrings, believing that deeper
structural or economic factors have shaped the country's policy.
This paper attempts to form a synthesis of the first three schools,
extrapolating on the "Values Oriented" theories, to explain the popular rejection,
but elite support for EMU. The historical cultural argument, which has been
developed in the historical field, and has been used with regard to some other
areas of Danish euroscepticism, explains the contradiction. Ultimately, the
Danish no-votes, and abstention from full participation in the E M U stem from
the deeply rooted Danish political traditions of Grundtvigian egalitarian
smallness and anti-elitism. The ambivalence, and apparent contradiction of the
"half-in" policy stems from the eroding importance of these political traditions as
a result of globalization and europeanization, as the political elite embraced the
European project. This break down of political traditions represents the first
significant shift in Danish political culture since the Second World War.
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Söderström, Jannice, and Louise Buhre. "Trade Patterns in Europe : An assessment of EU and EMU memberships." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1137.
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This thesis investigates in what way trade flows in Europe have been altered and differ for countries belonging to a preferential trade agreement as well as a common currency area. More specifically, how exports among the European countries are affected by memberships with the European Union and the EMU. A total of 72 countries have been chosen which represents the main trading partners between the EU and the rest of the world. Out of these 72 countries, 25 represent EU members which include 12 EMU member countries.
The econometric analysis employ a gravity model with 18 variables in order to determine their impact on trade flows. This is done through a regression with a log-log equation where the dependent variable is export. The other variables included are chosen to explain export flows among the EU members as well as their trade with EMU countries and the rest of the world. Furthermore, variables representing trade affinities are included to determine whether or not they have a significant effect on trade.
The regression is divided into four time periods in order to more easily determine how the trade pattern in Europe have altered from the establishment of the EU and the EMU. The first time period represent an early state of EU membership, the second a mature state of EU membership, the third when EU was reformed and the fourth an early state of EMU membership.
The regression results illustrate that the majority of the selected variables are significant but most importantly that the trade affinity variables are proven to have an impact on trade flows. The results also show that trade has increased and that in the case of EU membership it is more profitable to join than to remain outside. Moreover, the result show in par-ticular that countries that belong to the EMU have a stronger orientation of their exports to the rest of the world then other EU countries. For the latter, the European market is of prime importance.
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Lindqvist, Daniel. "Simulation of Intermittent Current Interruption measurements on NMC-based lithium-ion batteries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturkemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325298.
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The objective of this report was to implement battery cycling and an intermittent current interruption (ICI) method for determining battery resistance into a simple lithium-ion battery model in the finite element methods (FEM) program COMSOL Multiphysics, andevaluate how accurately the model reflects the behaviour of voltage and internal resistance with respect to experimental results. The ICI technique consists of repeating the steps of first having a longer charging period and then having a short current interruption, where the internal resistance is calculated from the voltage drop that occurs when the current is turned off. The model was evaluated against measurements, made with the same technique (ICI), on assembled NMC-graphite batteries. Codes written in the statistical programming language “R” were used to process the data from both COMSOL and the experiments. Both the batteries and the model were constructed with a reference electrode, to enable measurement of each electrode by itself. The results as documented in this report show that it is possible to simulate the measurement technique in COMSOL, but that both the resistance and voltage profiles differed quite a lot from the behaviour of the tested batteries. The resistance of the positive electrode did however give good results and it was possible to improve the model by changing some parameters. The magnitude of the resistance, which was already quite close, could be improved by changing the porosity and particle size, and the voltage profiles were improved when using voltage-data achieved from the real measurements.
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Kazanci, Ahmet Koray. "The Impact Of The Single Currency Upon European Identity." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609093/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims at evaluating the impact of euro upon European identity. By analyzing the theory of identity and the concept of money, this thesis reveals the relationship between currency and collective identity and applies this logic to the dynamics between euro and European identity. In order to grasp a better understanding, the thesis studies some selected member states in more depth and evaluates each one within their special circumstances. The findings of this thesis suggest that the constructive impact of euro upon European identity is determined by the level Europeanization or the strength of the sense of Europeanness in respective member states. To this extent the euro has a constructive impact upon European identity in member states in which Europeanization or European identity is perceived positively. On the other hand, in those member states in which Europeanization or European identity is perceived negatively, the euro has neither negative nor constructive impact.
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Gallo, Lassere Davide. "Argent et capitalisme : de Marx aux monnaies du commun." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100130.
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Les analyses développées dans cette thèse de doctorat visent à mettre en évidence le rôle éminemment politique de la monnaie. À la différence de ce que soutient la doxa néoclassique, la monnaie n'est pas neutre du point de vue économico-politique. Elle matérialise des rapports de force qui traversent toute la société et qui s’avèrent riches d’implications variées.La recherche se divise en trois parties : « Argent et capitalisme », « Argent et néocapitalisme », « Argent et postcapitalisme ». Elles sont précédées par une préface, dans laquelle j’expose ma démarche épistémologique, et par une introduction ontologique, dans laquelle je me place du point de vue de la projectualité sociétale de subjectivités qui luttent pour réinventer l’argent en fonction de leurs besoins et de leurs exigences. La première partie de la thèse, à travers une analyse croisée de l’oeuvre de Marx, de Simmel et de Keynes, se focalise sur les caractéristiques principales de la monnaie capitaliste : outil de domination, facteur de mobilisation des passions et vecteur de transformation sociale. La deuxième partie explore les aspects cruciaux de la crise néocapitaliste : le redéploiement global du régime d’accumulation, la financiarisation de la vie quotidienne et l’institution de l’euro. La troisième partie, après avoir envisagé les conditions d’une transition postcapitaliste, examine deux pratiques susceptibles de déclencher des processus nouveaux de subjectivation politique : les revendications d’un revenu social garanti et les expérimentations de circuits monétaires complémentaires. Les conclusions sociopolitiques esquissent enfin quelques pistes qui visent à articuler une théorie générale des monnaies du communThe analyses developed in my doctoral dissertation intend to stress the eminently political function played by money. Unlike neoclassic economic theory, I argue that currency is not neutral in economic and political terms. It materializes the power relationships that influence society, producing effects of different nature. The research consists of three parts: “Money and capitalism”, “Money and neocapitalism”, “Money and postcapitalism”. They are introduced by a preface in which I present my epistemological approach and by an ontological introduction, in which I focus on the social projects of the subjectivities who struggle to reinvent money adapting it to their needs. The first part of the dissertation, through a reading of the works of Marx, Simmel and Keynes, focuses on the main features of capitalist money: a tool for domination, a mobiliser of passions and a vector of social transformation. The second part explores some key elements of the crisis of neocapitalism: the global redeployment of the regime of accumulation, financialization of everyday life and the institution of euro. The third part, after an evaluation of the conditions of postcapitalistic transition, examines two practices capable to trigger original processes of political subjectivation: claims for a guaranteed social income and experimenting complementary monetary circuits. Finally, in the socio-political conclusions I delineate some paths in order to articulate a general theory of the common’s coins
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Sachy, Marco. "Money for the Common Wealth of the Multitude : toward a user-managed currency and payment system design." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40788.
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This thesis will begin with a critique to the orthodox paradigm in monetary economics. Secondly, I will offer a theoretical, economic, structural and biopolitical analyses of the origin, nature and effects of money on society. After a critique to conventional paradigm of money, I will then propose a semiotic genealogy of money followed by an analysis of the Common, the Multitude together with a tentative fourfold proposal for monetary reform, i.e. a monetary dispositif for the socio-economic emancipation of the Multitude from the rule of capital to build a new paradigm of money. In particular, I will discuss the literatures on basic income and the emerging notion for bottom-up welfare named Commonfare; the Neo-Chartalist approach to money; complementary, viz. subaltern currencies; and crypto-currencies and distributed ledgers technology. In turn, I will present the two qualitative methodologies that I endorsed to design and research four sites of inquiry in Iceland, Spain, Finland and Italy: Participatory Action Research and Critical Muti-Sited Ethnography. A discussion of fieldwork findings will follow. Moreover, I will offer a comparative analysis on fieldwork findings by identifying not only commonalities and differences among the four sites, but also by eliciting the limits of methodological choices. I will conclude this thesis by arguing to refine the theoretical framework introduced in the literature review; and notwithstanding personal and objective limitations to the application of the monetary dispositif in the real world, I will advocate for further inquiry on Money for the Common Wealth of the Multitude to increase the quality and effectiveness of the debate on suggestions for monetary reform.
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Tobolová, Marie. "Mikrostimulátor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219499.
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The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the explanation of the actions that occur during the stimulation of tissues with the electric current. A significant analogy with electrical circuits is used to describe the phenomena at the molecular and cellular level. The models of membrane and cell are necessary for understanding the behaviour of more complex structures, such as tissues and organs. A considerable attention is paid to the conditions of electrical stimulation which bring about response in the stimulated area. Next, the cumulative effect of the subthreshold stimulation is analysed. The mechanisms of common treatment effects of the electrotherapeutic methods are outlined. The research results in the practical part of the thesis – the design for a microstimulator. Properties of the microstimulator and compliance with standard requirements are verified by testing the electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety, conducted by the Institute for testing and certification, JSC. The effects of microstimulation on living organisms are experimentally investigated on horses, in collaboration with the Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University. For the first time, thermodynamic sensors are used for the objective assessment of the microstimulation therapeutic effect. These miniature sensors are placed on the horse´s front legs and monitor the changes in thermal activity while only one limb is really stimulated and the other is just considered as a reference. Comparison and statistical evaluation of the measured signals could provide a more detailed view of the thermal changes within the stimulated area, which is significantly related to blood circulation in limbs, and with the support of the reduction of edema. The course of the experiment which deals with the effect of microstimulation on edema of the horse´s legs caused by minor injuries (tendinitis, sprains, etc.), is documented in photographs or videos that are significant for possible evaluation of the effectiveness of the stimulation in this application.
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Figueredo, Ricardo Souza. "Corrente de fuga em inversores monofásicos sem transformador para conexão de sistemas fotovoltaicos à rede de distribuição de energia elétrica: análise e proposta de filtro passivo integrado de modo comum e diferencial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-20072016-092205/.
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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a corrente de fuga de modo comum em inversores monofásicos sem transformador utilizados para a conexão de sistemas fotovoltaicos (FV) à rede de distribuição de energia elétrica. O estudo se concentra em inversores do tipo fonte de tensão que empregam a topologia em ponte completa. A partir da adequada modelagem do sistema (rede, conversor e módulo fotovoltaico) identifica-se e quantifica-se a contribuição das tensões de modo comum e modo diferencial para a corrente de fuga. Conclui-se que a tensão de modo comum de alta frequência produzida pelo inversor, que depende da estratégia de modulação por largura de pulso (PWM Pulse Width Modulation) empregada, fornece a maior contribuição para produção da corrente de fuga. Esse estudo mostra que os inversores sem transformador, com topologia em ponte completa e modulação que produz tensão de saída com três níveis, necessitam de medidas adicionais para a minimização da corrente fuga quando aplicados em sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede. Algumas soluções propostas na literatura para a minimização da corrente de fuga baseadas em topologias modificadas e filtros de modo comum são listadas e discutidas. Neste trabalho é proposto um filtro integrado de modo comum e modo diferencial com amortecimento passivo de baixas perdas, para minimizar a corrente de fuga produzida por um inversor monofásico sem transformador. Um exemplo de aplicação do filtro proposto é apresentado juntamente com seu procedimento de projeto, resultados de simulação e experimentais que validam a proposta. Além disso, a influência da variação da indutância da rede elétrica e da capacitância parasita do sistema fotovoltaico no comportamento do filtro proposto é analisada. A influência da variação da indutância da rede no comportamento do sistema de controle e o impacto da corrente de modo comum no projeto dos indutores do lado do conversor também são analisados.This paper presents a study on the common mode leakage current in single-phase transformerless inverters for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The study focuses on voltage source inverters (VSI) employing the full-bridge topology. The common mode and differential mode voltages that contribute to the leakage current are identified and quantified from the analysis of the system model (utility grid, converter and PV module). The system model analysis shows that the high frequency common mode voltage produced by the inverter, which depends on the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategy, is the main source contributing to the leakage current. This work shows that transformerless inverters employing the full-bridge topology and a modulation strategy that produces a three-level output voltage require some leakage current minimization strategy when they are employed in grid-connected PV systems. Some solutions proposed in the literature for leakage current minimization based on modified topologies and common mode filters are listed and discussed. In this dissertation an integrated common and differential filter with low loss passive damping is proposed to minimize the leakage current produced by a single-phase transformerless PV inverter. An application example of the proposed filter is presented with design procedure, simulation and experimental results validating the proposal. Additionally, the influence of grid inductance and PV module parasitic capacitance variations on the behavior of the proposed filter is analyzed. The behavior of the control system considering the grid inductance variation and the impact of the common mode current on the converter side inductors design are also analyzed.
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Lindman, Sebastian, and Tom Tuvhag. "The influence that a common currency and market conditions have on economic integration : A cross-quantilogram and DCC-EGARCH approach." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150025.
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Countries participating in a common currency area increase their integration within the area. This paper investigates the impact common currency areas have for economic integration with economies of different characteristic outside the area. Results for a common currency group compares to a sovereign currency group. The common currency group consists of three countries who have adopted the euro, while the sovereign currency group consist of three European countries with sovereign currencies. The level of economic integration is examined towards three different economies; European drivers, global markets and emerging markets. The period ranges from 1993M01 to 2017M09 and includes industrial production indices and stock market indices. Economic integration is studied through a DCC-EGARCH model, on both aggregated and time-dependent level, which yield correlations. In comparison to previous studies, this paper also applies a cross-quantilogram method to examine the impact of different market conditions have on the correlations. Higher correlations for the common currency group than for the sovereign currency group do exist with the European drivers and the global countries. With the emerging markets such pattern is not found, instead low correlations are mainly examined. Besides the correlation with the emerging countries, the results indicate membership in a common currency area, in this case the EMU, to increase the economic integration. Overall, highest levels of correlation are found with the European drivers, followed by the US as a global economy, corresponding with the importance of homogeneity for high economic integration. Due to no conclusive change in correlations during the euro implementation, membership in a common currency area per se does not increase economic integration. However, a common currency area with a strong currency do along with other characteristics influence the economic integration. We find evidence that market regimes have an impact on economic integration. Adverse market conditions overall seem to influence the integration in a higher degree than normal or good conditions. The results indicate that the adverse conditions increase the economic integration, this is in particularly seen for the common currency countries correlation with the European drivers and the US.
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Sonora, Robert James. "Real exchange rates between United States cities : an empirical investigation of relative price level behavior in a common currency area." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261246064.
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Sonora, Robert James. "Real exchange rates between United States cities : an empirical investigation of relative price level behavior in an [sic] common currency area /." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261246064.
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Myerson, Jonathan. "Currency convertibility and payments arrangements between the common monetary area and the preferential trade area for Eastern and Southern African states." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17473.
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Bibliography: pages 157-165.This thesis analyses the impediments of inconvertible currencies on intra-regional trade within the Eastern and Southern African region. Currency inconvertibility is a non-tariff trade barrier which limits and distorts international trade expansion. Therefore, alternative arrangements that may be used in order to remedy this problem are considered. Exchange rate misalignment is identified as a major cause of currency inconvertibility. It is shown that the implementation of macroeconomic policies and exchange rate regimes which are not complementary cause exchange rate misalignment resulting in balance of payments disequilibria leading to currency inconvertibility. Since the preconditions for transformation to full currency convertibility have not been met by most countries in the region this thesis suggests a mechanism that will enable the use of local currencies for intra-regional trade (partial currency convertibility). The most viable arrangement under the prevailing conditions in the Eastern and Southern African region is the reserve fund to which member countries contribute a fraction of their international reserves. This contribution will be determined according to the levels of intra-regional trade in which they engage. This arrangement will guarantee that even if a member state cannot honour its payments' obligation it will be able to draw on the facility to make payment. The advantages of this facility are that it will guarantee that payments for intra-regional trade will be made and that the contributions by member countries will be more affordable than the other arrangements as well as its potential for assisting in creating closer economic relations in the region. The thesis concludes, however, that member countries should be encouraged to move towards full currency convertibility and hence an arrangement for purposes of intraregional currency convertibility should be strictly transitionary.
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Percival, William D. "Integrating joint intratheater airlift command and control with the needs of the modular army a perspective of current and past nonlinear operations /." Fort Leavenworth, KS : US Army Command and General Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483230.
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Sauvan, E. "Petit périple aux confins du modèle standard avec HERA." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439880.
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