To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Current voltage measurements.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Current voltage measurements'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 45 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Current voltage measurements.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Holmgren, Jens. "Investigation of alternative current measurements in high-voltage applications." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8149.
Full textAbstract:
ABB:s MACH2 system uses a number of currents to ignite thyristors for AC/DC-trassfformation and they are measured for control and protection. The measurement methods used today has major drawbacks. Two alternative techniques are investigated, one based on the Hall-Effect (HED) and the other based on Anisotropic Magnetoreistanse (AMR), both techniques sensing the magnetic field produced by currents in a conductor. The HED hawe low sensitivity so some kind of flux concentrators is needed. This adds volume, costs and complexity to the device. The AMR technique is much more sensitive than the HED. Unfortunately AMR are also much more sensitive for high over currents that may damage the devise, and they are not as common on te market. By testing linearity, step response and frequency dependency for some components, my conclusion is that HED components with toroidal flux concentrators utilizing magnetic feedback (Closed Loop, CL) may be used in this particular application. A drawback with CL are that they, when measuring sharp edged step signals, suffer from overshoots at the output that might activate the over current protection.
2
Amin, M. Shahrooz 1981. "Advanced Faraday cage measurements of charge, short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28730.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004."Spetember 2004."
Includes bibliographical references.
(cont.) above atmospheric pressure caused both positive current and negative current pulses with the negative pulse larger than the positive pulse. A pressure decrease of more than 10psi below atmospheric pressure also caused both positive current and negative current pulses with the positive current larger than the negative current pulse. Experiments showed that the negative current was generated by the galvanic action between the two dissimilar metals in the triaxial connector connecting the center electrode of the electrode chamber with the electrometer, as water condensed. Positive current could have been produced by the evaporation of moisture from the center electrode of the electrode chamber. Dew point analysis is performed to show that for water to condense on metallic surfaces, it is not necessary to reach the dew point. The calculated dew point temperature is lower than the temperature at which the water condenses upon the electrode surfaces. In the liquid and solid dielectric experiments, we use a patented Faraday cage which is composed of two identical in-line hollow, gold-plated Faraday cup electrodes that enclose the samples which move between them during each measurement under computer control. We conducted charge measurements using various electrometers to rule out the possibility of false instrument readings due to input offset voltage and other experimental effects. One wire mesh style of Faraday cage connected with an electrometer was also used to measure the charge. The liquid dielectrics are distilled water, tap water, Sargasso Sea water ...
This thesis is devoted to Faraday cage measurements of air, liquid, and solid dielectrics. Experiments use pressurized air with fixed Faraday cage electrodes, and a moving sample of liquid and solid dielectrics between two Faraday cup electrodes. Extensive experiments were conducted to understand the source of the unpredictable net measured charge. In the air experiment, the Faraday cage consists of a hollow, cylindrical, gold-plated brass electrode mounted within a gold-plated brass hermetic chamber that connects with earth ground. Measurements of transient current at various temperatures and humidity during transient air pressure change are presented. The flow of electrode current is shown not to be due to capacitance and input offset voltage changes, since the calculated value is on the order of 10⁻¹⁶ Amperes which is much less than the measured currents of order 10⁻¹³ Amperes. By controlling the internal relative humidity of air in the Faraday cage, and from the measurements of current using dry nitrogen, we confirm that the absence of moisture causes no current to flow. Amplitude of the measured current is found to be dependent upon the internal relative humidity. Repeatedly, polarity reversals were observed to occur, in part due to galvanic action between dissimilar metals as water condensed upon the insulating surface between them. At a low temperature with a small pressure change, only one pulse of current was observed to occur but, with a pressure change of more than l0psi, two opposite polarity pulses of current were shown to occur almost simultaneously. A small pressure increase only caused a pulse of negative current, and a small pressure decrease only caused a pulse of positive current. A pressure increase of more than l0psi
by M. Shahrooz Amin.
S.M.
3
Tong, Sai-kit. "A computer-aided measurement system for monopolar high-voltage direct-current coronating lines /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12321771.
Full text
4
湯世傑 and Sai-kit Tong. "A computer-aided measurement system for monopolar high-voltage direct-current coronating lines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207467.
Full text
5
Turkmen, Coskun Aziz. "Calibration Of Conventional Measurement Transformers Against Harmonic Components By Using Field Measurements Of Optical Transducers And Resistive-capacitive Voltage Transformers." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611920/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
It is known from the literature that conventional voltage and current transformers measure inaccurate values for voltage and current harmonics which are parts of power quality. Maximum bandwidth of conventional current transformers, which are used in electricity transmission and distribution systems, is 1.5-2 kHz and it is lower for conventional voltage transformers. Also, it is known thatvoltages in some frequency spectrum are measured higher and voltages in another frequency spectrum are measured lower by the conventional voltage transformers. Furthermore, because of the phase shift of fundamental component caused by the conventional current and voltage transformers, losses and efficiency can not be calculated accurately. In this work, through the simultaneous measurements taken at the same feeder by both conventional transformers and new technology measurement transformers
amplitude and phase shift errors which are caused by conventional transformers depending on frequency and so harmonics, are examined and evaluated. Amplitude coefficients and phase shifts are determined for different types of conventional transformers to be able to calibrate measurement deviation. Through this work, measured data by conventional transformers will be accurate and realistic in terms of harmonic components. This matter is important to determine whether the accurate limits which will be set in the future possibly concerning with harmonics and interharmonics, are surpassed or not
also for punitive sanction.
6
Carbonell, Cortés Carla. "Customizing a low temperature system for microwave transmission measurements. Quantum transport in thin TiN films and nanostructures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83635.
Full textAbstract:
The work presented in this thesis consists of two distinct parts.
The first years of my work focused on the development and improvement of a new equipment built to study magnetic and electrical properties, particularly applying microwaves in reflection and transmission conditions. The sample space in conventional cryostats with superconducting magnets is usually smaller than 10-mm-diameter. Our equipment consists of a hollow cylindrical cryostat having a 33-mm-diameter hole all along its vertical axis. These characteristics enable the measurement of large samples and the use of big resonant cavities to get to a wider microwave (MW) range, particularly in transmission measurements.
The cryostat has a superconducting magnet made of a solenoid that applies a magnetic field from -5 T to 5 T, and a temperature controller that works in the range 1.8 - 300 K. The system is cooled down with nitrogen and helium and the temperature can be controlled with the precision required by each experiment using a heater and a needle valve.
Different probes for a wide range of experiments in our cryostat have been developed in order to be as versatile as possible. Following this idea each one has been divided in two halves that can be combined as it is preferred in each experiment. Each probe is made of a 8-to-10-mm-diameter stainless steel tube that is used to protect and give some stiffness to the measuring device. A coaxial cable and different waveguides are added to these stainless steel jackets, so we end up having nine halves, four upper parts that can be combined with five lower parts. There are three waveguides working in the frequency ranges 33-50 GHz (WR22), 50-75 GHz (WR15) and 75-110 GHz (WR10), and a coaxial cable that maintains the fundamental mode at a frequency of 60 GHz. In the extra lower part a 16-pin Fischer connector is added at the bottom in order to be able to perform more resistance experiments. Once the probes have been built, they have been tested to make sure the system is able to reach high vacuum and to be cooled down. Problems found along the way have been solved and at the end all the probes work properly.
Different sample holders have been designed and built according to the needs in each experiment. The system has been tested by reproducing experimental results with Mn12-acetate, as quantum tunneling and magnetic avalanches, and by obtaining new results on microwave transmission in thin TiN films.
The second part of the thesis focuses on the measurements of thin TiN films in a dilution refrigerator working with a mixture of 3He and 4He that enables experiments at a few tens of millikelvins. The cryostat also contains a superconductor magnet which can apply a magnetic field up to 5 T.
Low-temperature transport properties of nanoperforated superconducting TiN films have been experimentally studied. Resistance measurements have been performed in the critical region of the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT), applying the magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the structure or the dc current through the sample.
SIT is a transition from a superconductor to an insulator state by localizing the Cooper pairs. The evolution of the SIT with temperature, magnetic field and dc current has been investigated in detail.
Characteristic parameters have been determined for as-cast thin films using the theory of quantum corrections to conductivity. Disorder-driven and field-induced SITs have been measured. Commensurability effects have been observed down to the lowest experimental temperature, and are emphasized in the more disordered samples. The SIT has been observed for a dc current applied across the sample as changes in the curvature at zero bias current. Experiments prove that electronic transport in the nanoperforated samples is mediated by Andreev conversion. Finally, the existence of the superinsulator state has been experimentally proved.El treball que es presenta en aquesta tesi consta de dues parts ben diferenciades. La primera pretén el desenvolupament d’un equip experimental concebut per a l’estudi de propietats magnètiques i elèctriques en materials diversos i, en especial, el treball amb radiació de microones en condicions de reflexió i transmissió. La segona s’ha centrat en les mesures de transport d’una capa fina superconductora de nitrur de titani (TiN) de 5 nm de gruix en un criòstat de dilució.
7
Kolic, Edo. "Bearing current and shaft voltage measurement in electrical motors." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-10722.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the fast-rising voltage pulses of pulse width modulated drives, the generated shaft voltage of electrical motors causes electrical discharge currents in bearings. These discharges can cause bearing failure leading to costly maintenance and unexpected production stops. To eliminate the raised shaft voltage, several techniques are used such as shaft grounding brushes, insulated bearings and conductive grease. The possibility to measure discharge activity on a PWM driven induction motor offers a tool for researchers to test different bearings in electric motors. In order to measure the shaft voltages and bearing currents, modifications of an induction motor are made firstly using 3D software and then on the physical motor. By insulating the bearing from the frame and attaching a copper ring to the bearings outer race bearing currents can be measured. The combined measurements of shaft voltage, bearing currents and frame currents shows the bearings conductive states at low speed, and insulated state at higher speed. Electrical discharge activity (DA) is observed as shaft voltage raises, resulting in a bearing current spike and shaft voltage drops rapidly while stator current is unaffected. Experimental tests were performed with a sample bearing at different operating conditions, such as operating speed, temperature, motor load, etc., to determine the effect of the common mode voltages on bearing currents and shaft voltages. At low temperatures between 23-26 ˚C and motor speeds above 1000 rpm EDM currents were observed. On temperatures above 40 ˚C no major EDM currents were observed regardless of rpm due to the bearing remaining in an ohmic conductive state. The modifications of the motor have shown to give reliable bearing current and shaft voltage measurements that can help in future research in this area.
8
Hölling, Matthias. "Adaptive current and voltage measurement device for low voltage distribution in power nets /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13985.
Full text
9
Bosi, Marco. "Development of a distributed measurement system for detection of high impedance faults in medium voltage power lines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to propose a new method to detect High impedance Faults, which relies on measuring the phase currents on electrical transmission and distribution grids using a common time source for synchronization. The goal is to measure the residual currents both at the transformer side and at the load side of the network. The time synchronization allows synchronized real-time measurements of the two residual currents at the two ends of the grid. In normal operating conditions and in all load conditions (balanced or unbalanced), the residual currents will result almost equal at the two ends. When a High Impedance Fault occurs, the residual currents at the two ends will differ. The difference in magnitude of the residual currents are monitored in real time and used as a pick-up criteria.
10
Siebrits, F. B. (Francois Bart). "Field implementation of a transient voltage measurement facility using HV current transformers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53426.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The bandwidth of standard HV measurement devices such as capacitive voltage transformers is too limited in order to measure wideband phenomena. This thesis is concerned with the investigation into a non- intrusive HV transient voltage measurement facility using standard substation HV current transformers (CI's) configured in a transconductance topology. The sensing, summation and integration of the CT capacitive earth currents are investigated. This thesis also reports on the development of a optically isolated link using optical fibre for signal transfer and a computer based data acquisition system.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Standaard hoogspannings (HS) meettoerusting soos kapasitiewe spannmgs transformators het beperkte bandwydte vir die meet van wyeband verskynsels. Hierdie tesis handel oor die implementering van 'n HS meetstelsel wat op meinbrekende wyse oorgangsverskynsels meet deur middel van HS stroomtransformators wat in 'n transkonduktansie topologie gekonfigureer is. Die meet, sommasie en integrasie van kapasitoewe grondstrome word ondersoek. Hierdie tesis doen ook verslag aangaande die ontwikkeling van 'n optiese geisoleerde koppelvlak wat gebruik word vir seinoordrag en 'n rekenaar gebasseerde data versamelaar.
pdv201406
11
Vichare, Nitin Shrikrishna. "Measurement and modelling of errors for relaying current transformers and voltage transformers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42139.
Full textAbstract:
A measurement tool has been developed to estimate errors in relaying current transformers and voltage transformers. The tool has been developed to collect data in a substation and send it to a remote location over a telephone line. Different schemes were evaluated and tested in the laboratory. The final choice was made on the basis of the hardware and transmission cost constraints.
The measurement unit was developed using hardware similar to that used in a computer relay. The signals from the current and voltage transducers were sampled using a microprocessor and an analog to digital converter in real-time. The measurement device has been installed in the field. The data from the field was collected remotely and analyzed in the Virginia Tech Power Systems laboratory. The analysis of the data is presented at the end.Master of Science
12
Gokgoz, Sinan. "A Stand-alone Induction Powered Current And Current Harmonics Measurement System For Distribution Lines." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614967/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The presence of information and communication technologies in the field of energy is increasing every day. Smart grid subject which aims to increase the percentage of energy generation through renewable resources and to make consumers to be involved in grid actively, is gaining importance day by day. In order to provide an effcient and reliable operation of smart grid network, it is necessary to collect relevant parameters from network components via communication infrastructure and to evaluate collected information. Also, with the inclusion of distributed energy sources in the power lines, collection of relevant data becomes important in order to ensure the quality of power. In the scope of this study, to measure current parameters, two DSP based electronic circuits and necessary embedded software have been developed. Data acquisition card is a fixed device which is to be installed to a point on the power line to gather current value samples. By means of being fed through magnetic induction from the line, this part of the system could stay on-line permanently and this allows taking measurements on demand. Sampling of line current is performed through principle of magnetic induction from the line on current sensing instrument which is connected to data-acquisition part. Also by utilization of clamp-on instruments, cutting of energy lines is not needed. Samples received by control card over radio frequency or infrared communication, are evaluated with the help of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Control card can show information about Root mean square (RMS) value and harmonic components of line current and total harmonics distortion (THD) on graphic LCD. Present state of the system was tested in LV and MV environments and shown to be used on distribution lines. The system presented in this study is open to improvements and suggestions to make the system to be able to work on high voltage lines are made.
13
Talib, Zeeshan. "Investigation of Fast High Voltage PDC Measurement based on a Vacuum Reed-switch." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91924.
Full textAbstract:
The diagnostic technique, polarization and depolarization current (PDC) is useful for insulation testing. It requires applying a DC step voltage to the test sample and measuring the current. To measure fast PDC phenomena a fast step is needed. One way of applying a fast high voltage step is to use power electronic switches. Series connection can be used to increase the voltage limit, but this result in unequal voltage sharing unless equipped with voltage balancing. In this work a high voltage vacuum reed switch is investigated as a simple and low-cost alternative to power electronic switches, handling up to 10 kV with a single device. The switch turn on and off behavior was studied. It was found that the initial turn-on is good, in the range of nanoseconds, but there is a problem with the vacuum recovering its insulating properties at low currents before the contacts fully close. The required output voltage level is therefore obtained only after a further settling time that increases with increased input voltage and is much longer than the initial breakdown, e.g. 20 µs for the case of 4.5 kV input voltage. Other limitations of the fast high voltage PDC were also studied. The output voltage was measured across the test sample without adding an intentional resistor in the circuit. There were large oscillations for 1 µs but these oscillations are damped due to inherent resistance of the connecting leads, series resistance of the capacitors and resistance of the reed switch. A comparison is made between the measured and the simulated results using MATLAB to see the effect of parasitic inductance. A damping resistor was added in the circuit and the output results were again compared. With the addition of the damping resistor, the number of oscillations were reduced and their time scale was limited to 0.1 µs . An analysis is made at the end which describes the limitation occurring in determining the high frequency component of PDC. The current during the step is many orders of magnitude higher than the polarization current even at 1 µs , so measurement of the current and protection of the apparatus is not trivial.
14
Wu, Zhongyu. "Synchronized Phasor Measurement Units Applications in Three-phase Power System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51660.
Full textAbstract:
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are widely acknowledged as one of the most significant developments in the field of real-time monitoring of power system. By aligning time stamps of voltage and current phasor measurements, which are consistent with Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a coherent picture of the power system state can be achieved through either direct measurements or simple linear calculations. With the growing number of PMUs installed or planned to be installed in the near future, both utilities and research institutions are looking for novel applications of synchrophasor measurements from these widely installed PMUs. In this dissertation, the author proposes two new PMUs measurements applications: three-phase instrument transformer calibration, and three-phase line parameter calculation with instrument transformers.
First application is to calibrate instrument transformers. Instrument transformers are the main sensors used in power systems. They provide isolation between high voltage level of primary side and metering level of the secondary side. All the monitoring and measuring systems obtain input signals from the secondary side of instrument transformers. That means when instrument transformers are not accurate, all the measurements used in power system are inaccurate. The most important job of this dissertation is to explore a method to automatically calibrate all the instrument transformers in the power system based on real-time synchrophasor measurements.
The regular instrument transformer calibration method requires the instrument transformer to be out of service (offline) and calibrated by technicians manually. However, the error of instrument transformer changes when environment changes, and connected burden. Therefore, utilities are supposed to periodically calibrate instrument transformers at least once a year. The high labor and economic costs make traditional instrument transformer calibration method become one of the urgent problems in power industry. In this dissertation we introduce a novel, low cost and easy method to calibrate three-phase instrument transformers. This method only requires one three-phase voltage transformer at one bus calibrated in advance. All other instrument transformers can be calibrated by this method as often as twice a day, based on the synchrophasor measurements under different load scenarios.
Second application is to calculate line parameters during calibrating instrument transformers. The line parameters, line impedance and line shunt admittance, as needed by utilities are generated by the computer method. The computer method is based on parameters, such as the diameter, length, material characteristics, the distance among transmission line, the distance to ground and so on. The formulas to calculate line parameters have been improved and re-modeled from time to time in order to increase the accuracy. However, in this case, the line parameters are still inaccurate due to various reasons. The line parameters errors do affect the instrument transformers calibration results (with 5% to 10% error). To solve this problem, we present a new method to calculate line parameters and instrument transformers in the same processing step.
This method to calibrate line parameter and instrument transformers at the same time only needs one pre-calibrated voltage transformer and one pre-calibrated current transformer in power system. With the pre-calibrated instrument transformers, the line parameter as well as the ratio correction factors of all the other instrument transformers can be solved automatically. Simulation results showed the errors between calculated line parameters and the real line parameter, the errors between calibrated ratio correction factors and the real ratio correction factors are of the order of 10e-10 per unit. Therefore, high accuracy line parameters as well as perfectly calibrated instrument transformers can be obtained by this new method. This method can run automatically every day. High accuracy and dynamic line parameters will significantly improve power system models. It will also increase the reliability and speed of the relay system, enhance the accuracy of power system analysis, and benefit all other researches using line parameters. New methods of calculating line parameter and the instrument transformer calibrations will influence the whole power industry significantly.Ph. D.
15
Weissbach, Joel. "Measuring forces on a hydropower generator using strain gages." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256575.
Full textAbstract:
Increased awareness concerning our energy consumption and its environmentaleffects, has led to a high demand for renewable energies. Hydropower providesaround 40 percent of the electric energy consumed in Sweden today. If energyefficiency and production time were to increase only by some percent in thehydropower plants, vast amounts of additional renewable energy could besupplied to the electric grid. The Hydropower group at Uppsala University usesa hydropower generator to localize and decrease some of the power losses andthe wearing in the generator. New equipment is being tested and evaluated onthe generator. By measuring static and dynamic forces in the generator broaderinsight can be reached during these tests. This thesis describes the development of a system measuring forces on ahydropower generator using strain gages. Each sensor node is equipped withfour strain gages and a signal conditioning circuit. The system measures strain inthe generator, converts it to a voltage signal, amplifies it, filters and transmits it.After calibration of the nodes, forces can be extracted indirectly. This thesisdescribes considerations made during design of the system as well as its differentparts and configurations.
16
Huldén, Pierre. "Conductivity measurement on thick insulating plaque samples." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150956.
Full textAbstract:
The conductivity is one of the main properties of HVDC cable insulation materials and needs to be evaluated carefully. Since measurement on cables is time consuming, often thin specimens and normal conductivity measurement cells are used to compare the materials. In this way however, the bulk effects will be less represented in the measurement and the results will be less representative. Instead, one needs to perform the measurements on thick plate samples and with higher voltage levels. This work focuses on the conductivity measurements on thick HVDC insulation plate samples subject to a high electric field and carefully controlled conditions. In the literature, there are many different methods of measuring the leakage current such as dielectric spectroscopy, PD, IV and PEA measurements. In this thesis a three electrode setup is used to measure the leakage current where the electrodes are placed inside the oven. This is to be able to control both temperature and high voltage under similar and different conditions where it is possible to change these two parameters during measurement. This was made by two Labview programs; one for creating a schedule and one control program which controls the equipment in the cell. The task was to make sure that the cell functioned by obtaining repeatable and reasonable measurements. The results that were obtained were reasonable and verified that the cell functioned. The executed measurements were performed in order to achieve a better understanding of error factors in the measurement system, ranging from preparing the sample to measuring the leakage current. The purpose with the cell is it to investigate the quality of the HVDC insulation by conductivity measurements on millimetre thick plate samples.Den elektriska konduktiviteten är en av de viktigaste egenskaperna av HVDC kablars isolationsmaterial, XLPE, och den måste utvärderas noggrant. Mätning på fullskaliga kablar är tidskrävande och för att jämföra material används istället ofta tunna prover och normerade konduktivitetmätningsceller. En nackdel med denna metod är att bulkeffekterna blir mindre framträdande i mätningen och resultaten kommer att vara mindre representativa. Istället måste man utföra mätningen på tjockare prover och vid högre spänning. Detta examensarbete fokuserar på mätning av ledningsförmåga hos tjocka HVDC- isolationsprover under noggrant kontrollerade förhållanden och starka elektriska fält. I litteraturen finns det många olika metoder att mäta läckströmmar på, till exempel dielektrisk spektroskopi, PD, IV och PEA mätningar för att nämna några. I denna avhandling kommer ett tre-elektrod system att användas där en temperatursensor är monterad på ena elektroden. Systemet används för att både mäta läckströmmar och temperatur vid provet. Detta gör det möjligt att kontrollera temperatur och spänning oberoende av varandra vilket gjordes med hjälp av två Labview program. Det ena för att skapa ett schema och det andra användes som kontrollprogram för att styra utrustningen i cellen. Uppgiften var att kontrollera cellens funktion genom att erhålla rimliga repeterbara mätningar. Mätningarna gav rimliga resultat vilket indikerade att cellen fungerar tillfredställande. Syftet med mätningarna var att få en bättre förståelse för felfaktorer i mätsystemet som kan vara allt från att förbereda provet till att mäta läckström. Syftet med cellen är att undersöka isolationsegenskaperna på millimetertjocka pressade XLPE prover.
17
Rudolf, Jaroslav. "Nelineární obvody s proudovými operačními zesilovači." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218109.
Full textAbstract:
This master’s thesis is about replace voltage feedback operation amplifiers (VFOA) by current operational amplifiers (COA), current conveyors and current followers (CF). In introduction are mentioned word or two about operational amplifiers and their basic circuit such as invert and non-invert amplifier and there are described formulas for calculation gain. In another chapter is described COA, his properties and advantages compared to VFOA. Next there are described basic circuits of current conveyors. Follows chapter where is described replace VFOA by COA and conversion between them. In another part is at first deal with models of COA and CF in simulating program and then replace VFOA by COA. There are some simple circuits for example precision rectifiers and function generators and their simulations before and after replace VFOA by COA. In full-wave rectifier with current conveyors is made detailed simulation with some input voltages and frequencies. In last chapter is detailed described multi-mode rectifier with current follower. There is table witch described all modes of rectifier. For example voltage mode, current mode and mixed mode with half- or full-wave rectifier. There are simulations for all modes. Primarily are made detailed simulations voltage and current mode. In another part of this chapter is made measurement voltage and current mode. There are measured functions as half- and full-wave rectifier. There are described parameters of rectifier from measured values. In the end are these values compared with values from simulations.
18
Boštík, Ondřej. "Koaxiální multiplexer pro automatizované měření AC proudu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240832.
Full textAbstract:
Master’s thesis in the theoretical part deals with literature review on the topic of measurement errors and measurement uncertainties. The practical part deals with the simulation of additional capacitive and resistive load on the amplitude and phase error during shunts based measurement. For this simulation is used mathematical apparatus of cascade matrix of two-ports and their connections. For the actual simulation is used script for MATLAB. Furthermore, the work deals with the design of voltage follower to eliminate simulated errors and its practical realization. The last part deals with the design of the coaxial multiplexer for switching current shunts developed in the Czech Metrological Institute in Brno.
19
Dušan, Čomić. "Стохастичка метода мерења напона и струје на високом напону." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95680&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
У раду je обрађен проблем мерења високог напона и струје у несинусидалној високонапонској мрежи, стање технике, предлог решења које подразумева неконвенционални начин мерења ових величина, практично израђен прототип и извршена потребна мерења која су потврђена теоријски. Мерење напона у високонапонској мрежи се врши напонским мерним трансформатором без језгра и интегрисаним мерилом хармоника (IMH), а затим се стохастичком методом мере хармоници напона, смерови и протоци снаге, односно енергије. За мерења струје на високом напону предлаже се калем Роговског и стохастичка метода мерења. Стохастичка метода мерења је заснована на додавању дитерског случајног сигнала на мерени сигнал. Сметње и присуство виших хармоника у мрежном сигналу су, за ову методу, додатни дитерски сигнали који методи не смањују тачност мерења.U radu je obrađen problem merenja visokog napona i struje u nesinusidalnoj visokonaponskoj mreži, stanje tehnike, predlog rešenja koje podrazumeva nekonvencionalni način merenja ovih veličina, praktično izrađen prototip i izvršena potrebna merenja koja su potvrđena teorijski. Merenje napona u visokonaponskoj mreži se vrši naponskim mernim transformatorom bez jezgra i integrisanim merilom harmonika (IMH), a zatim se stohastičkom metodom mere harmonici napona, smerovi i protoci snage, odnosno energije. Za merenja struje na visokom naponu predlaže se kalem Rogovskog i stohastička metoda merenja. Stohastička metoda merenja je zasnovana na dodavanju diterskog slučajnog signala na mereni signal. Smetnje i prisustvo viših harmonika u mrežnom signalu su, za ovu metodu, dodatni diterski signali koji metodi ne smanjuju tačnost merenja.
A problem of measurement of high voltage and current in non-sinusoidal grid is given in the thesis, along with the current state in the field, the proposed non-conventional measurement method for these values, the realized prototype and the necessary measurement results that are confirmed theoretically. Measurement of voltage in high-voltage grid is performed using the coreless high voltage transformer and the Integrated harmonic measurement device (IMH). The stochastic method is used to measure harmonics of voltage, direction and flow of power and energy. For current measurement at high voltage level a Rogowski coil along with the Stochastic measurement method is proposed. Stochastic measurement method is based on adding a arbitrary dither signal to the measured signal. Disturbances and pollution of the grid signal are, for this method, additional dither signals that do not lower the measurement accuracy.
20
Plocr, Radek. "Automatizované pracoviště pro stejnosměrná měření." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217946.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis attempts at an overview of DC methods used for diagnosing electrical isolation systems. It investigates the problem of small currents and how to measure them. Part of the thesis deals with building a workstation designed for long-term monitoring of absorbing characteristics of dielectric materials and it also presents a layout of a workstation used for measuring recovery voltage. Both workplaces are computer-automated using the VEE Pro application provided by Hewlett-Packard. Tests were performed on both workstations and the obtained results were processed in a test report as specified under ČSN IEC 93. During the experiment, every effort was made to ensure and monitor the atmospheric conditions of the measuring process.
21
Samek, Martin. "Měřič kvality elektrické energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219112.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of graduation thesis is a design of line analyser according to standard EN61000-4-30 class A. The analyser is determine to be used for quality control of supplied electric power which is, during electric power transmission, affected by several disturbances. Power line analyser should measure single-phase and three-phase network parameters in LV and HV systems. Measured parameters can be shown on the full colour TFT display, stored in the device memory or sent to other devices such as PC. For communication between the device and PC the USB, Ethernet or RS485 interface are used.
22
Dvořák, Petr. "Porovnání konvenčních PTP a PTN s proudovými a napěťovými senzory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400564.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with conventional transformers and current and voltage sensors. The first half of thesis describes mainly the basic concepts and accuracy classes of these converters used in electrical substations. The emphasis is given primarily on the differences. In the second half of thesis is presented an exact type of converters, which are installed in the substation Medlánky. There is an analysis of measured data from long – term monitoring from this substation and comparing the results from conventional transformers compared to the results from more modern sensors.
23
Bradley, William J. "Current Based Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Induction Motors. Adaptive Mixed-Residual Approach for Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Rotor, Stator, Bearing and Air-Gap Faults in Induction Motors Using a Fuzzy Logic Classifier with Voltage and Current Measurement only." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7265.
Full textAbstract:
Induction motors (IM) find widespread use in modern industry and for this reason they have been subject to a significant amount of research interest in recent times. One particular aspect of this research is the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of induction motors for use in a condition based maintenance (CBM) strategy; by effectively tracking the condition of the motor, maintenance action need only be carried out when necessary. This type of maintenance strategy minimises maintenance costs and unplanned downtime. The benefits of an effective FDD for IM is clear and there have been numerous studies in this area but few which consider the problem in a practical sense with the aim of developing a single system that can be used to monitor motor condition under a range of different conditions, with different motor specifications and loads.
This thesis aims to address some of these problems by developing a general FDD system for induction motor. The solution of this problem involved the development and testing of a new approach; the adaptive mixed-residual approach (AMRA). The main aim of the AMRA system is to avoid the vast majority of unplanned failures of the machine and therefore as opposed to tackling a single induction motor fault, the system is developed to detect all four of the most statistically prevalent induction motor fault types; rotor fault, stator fault, air-gap fault and bearing fault. The mixed-residual fault detection algorithm is used to detect these fault types which includes a combination of spectral and model-based techniques coupled with particle swarm optimisation (PSO) for automatic identification of motor parameters. The AMRA residuals are analysed by a fuzzy-logic classifier and the system requires only current and voltage inputs to operate. Validation results indicate that the system performs well under a range of load torques and different coupling methods proving it to have significant potential for use in industrial applications.The full-text was made available at the end of the embargo period on 29th Sept 2017.
24
Bradley, William John. "Current based fault detection and diagnosis of induction motors : adaptive mixed-residual approach for fault detection and diagnosis of rotor, stator, bearing and air-gap faults in induction motors using a fuzzy logic classifier with voltage and current measurement only." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7265.
Full textAbstract:
Induction motors (IM) find widespread use in modern industry and for this reason they have been subject to a significant amount of research interest in recent times. One particular aspect of this research is the fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of induction motors for use in a condition based maintenance (CBM) strategy; by effectively tracking the condition of the motor, maintenance action need only be carried out when necessary. This type of maintenance strategy minimises maintenance costs and unplanned downtime. The benefits of an effective FDD for IM is clear and there have been numerous studies in this area but few which consider the problem in a practical sense with the aim of developing a single system that can be used to monitor motor condition under a range of different conditions, with different motor specifications and loads. This thesis aims to address some of these problems by developing a general FDD system for induction motor. The solution of this problem involved the development and testing of a new approach; the adaptive mixed-residual approach (AMRA). The main aim of the AMRA system is to avoid the vast majority of unplanned failures of the machine and therefore as opposed to tackling a single induction motor fault, the system is developed to detect all four of the most statistically prevalent induction motor fault types; rotor fault, stator fault, air-gap fault and bearing fault. The mixed-residual fault detection algorithm is used to detect these fault types which includes a combination of spectral and model-based techniques coupled with particle swarm optimisation (PSO) for automatic identification of motor parameters. The AMRA residuals are analysed by a fuzzy-logic classifier and the system requires only current and voltage inputs to operate. Validation results indicate that the system performs well under a range of load torques and different coupling methods proving it to have significant potential for use in industrial applications.
25
Daubriac, Richard. "Caractérisation de techniques d'implantations ioniques alternatives pour l'optimisation du module source-drain de la technologie FDSOI 28nm." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0031/document.
Full textAbstract:
Durant ces dernières années, l’apparition de nouvelles architectures (FDSOI, FinFETs ou NW-FETs) et l’utilisation de nouveaux matériaux (notamment SiGe) ont permis de repousser les limites des performances des dispositifs MOS et de contourner l’effet canal court inhérent à la miniaturisation des composants. Cependant, pour toutes ces nouvelles architectures, la résistance de contact se dégrade au fil des nœuds technologiques. Celle-ci dépend fortement de deux paramètres physiques : la concentration de dopants actifs proches de la surface du semi-conducteur et de la hauteur de barrière Schottky du contact siliciuré. De multiples procédés avancés ont été proposé pour améliorer ces deux paramètres physiques (pré-amorphisation, recuit laser, ségrégation de dopants, etc…). Afin d’optimiser les conditions expérimentales de ces nouvelles techniques de fabrication, il est primordial de pouvoir caractériser avec fiabilité leur impact sur les deux grandeurs physiques citées. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, deux thématiques dédiées à l’étude de chacun des paramètres sont abordées, explicitant les méthodes de caractérisation développées ainsi que des exemples concrets d’applications. La première partie concerne l’étude de la concentration de dopants actifs proches de la surface du semi-conducteur. Dans cet axe, nous avons mis en place une méthode d’Effet Hall Différentiel (DHE). Cette technique combine gravures successives et mesures par effet Hall conventionnel afin d’obtenir le profil de concentration de dopants actifs en fonction de la profondeur. Nous avons développé et validé une méthode de gravure chimique et de mesure électrique pour des couches ultra-minces de SiGe et de Si dopées. Les profils de concentration générés ont une résolution en profondeur inférieure à 1 nm et ont permis d’étudier de façon approfondie dans les premiers nanomètres proches de la surface de couches fabriquées grâce à des techniques d’implantation et de recuit avancées comme par exemple, la croissance en phase solide activée par recuit laser. La deuxième partie porte sur la mesure de hauteurs de barrière Schottky pour des contacts siliciurés. Durant cette étude, nous avons transféré une technique se basant sur des diodes en tête bêche pour caractériser l’impact de la ségrégation de différentes espèces à l’interface siliciure/semi-conducteur sur la hauteur de barrière Schottky d’un contact en siliciure de platine. Cette méthode de mesure associée à des simulations physiques a permis d’une part, d’extrairer avec fiabilité des hauteurs de barrières avec une précision de 10meV et d’autre part, d’effectuer une sélection des meilleures conditions de ségrégation de dopants pour la réduction de la hauteur de barrière Schottky. Pour conclure, ce projet a rendu possible le développement de méthodes de caractérisation pour l’étude de matériaux utilisés en nanoélectronique. De plus, nous avons pu apporter des éclaircissements concernant l’impact de techniques d’implantation ionique alternatives sur des couches de Si et SiGe ultrafines, et ce, dans le but de réduire la résistance de contact entre siliciure et semi-conducteur dans le module source-drain de transistors ultimesDuring the past few decades, the emergence of new architectures (FDSOI, FinFETs or NW-FETs) and the use of new materials (like silicon/germanium alloys) allowed to go further in MOS devices scaling by solving short channel effect issues. However, new architectures suffer from contact resistance degradation with size reduction. This resistance strongly depends on two parameters: the active dopant concentration close to the semi-conductor surface and the Schottky barrier height of the silicide contact. Many solutions have been proposed to improve both of these physical parameters: pre-amorphisation, laser annealing, dopant segregation and others. In order to optimize the experimental conditions of these fabrication techniques, it is mandatory to measure precisely and reliably their impact on cited parameters.Within the scope of this thesis, two parts are dedicated to each lever of the contact resistance, each time precising the developed characterization method and concrete application studies. The first part concerns the study of the active dopant concentration close to the semi-conductor surface. In this axis, we developed a Differential Hall Effet method (DHE) which can provide accurate depth profiles of active dopant concentration combining successive etching processes and conventional Hall Effect measurements. To do so, we validated layer chemical etching and precise electrical characterization method for doped Si and SiGe. Obtained generated profiles have a sub-1nm resolution and allowed to scan the first few nanometers of layers fabricated by advanced ion implantation and annealing techniques, like solid-phase epitaxy regrowth activated by laser annealing. In the second part, we focused on the measurement of Schottky barrier height of platinum silicide contact. We transferred a characterization method based on back-to-back diodes structure to measure platinum silicide contacts with different dopant segregation conditions. The electrical measurements were then fitted with physical models to extract Schottky barrier height with a precision of about 10meV. This combination between measurements and simulations allowed to point out the best ion implantation and annealing conditions for Schottky barrier height reduction.To conclude, thanks to this project, we developed highly sensitive characterization methods for nanoelectronics application. Moreover, we brought several clarifications on the impact of alternative ion implantation and annealing processes on Si and SiGe ultra-thin layers in the perspective of contact resistance reduction in FDSOI source-drain module
26
Liu, Guoduan. "Fabrication and Characterization of Planar-Structure Perovskite Solar Cells." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/137.
Full textAbstract:
Currently organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is one kind of promising photovoltaic technology due to low production cost, easy fabrication method and high power conversion efficiency.
Charge transport layers are found to be critical for device performance and stability. A traditional electron transport layer (ETL), such as TiO2 (Titanium dioxide), is not very efficient for charge extraction at the interface. Compared with TiO2, SnO2 (Tin (IV) Oxide) possesses several advantages such as higher mobility and better energy level alignment. In addition, PSCs with planar structure can be processed at lower temperature compared to PSCs with other structures.
In this thesis, planar-structure perovskite solar cells with SnO2 as the electron transport layer are fabricated. The one-step spin-coating method is employed for the fabrication. Several issues are studied such as annealing the samples in ambient air or glovebox, different concentration of solution used for the samples, the impact of using filter for solutions on samples. Finally, a reproducible fabrication procedure for planer-structure perovskite solar cells with an average power conversion efficiency of 16.8%, and a maximum power conversion efficiency of 18.1% is provided.
27
Ahmed, Mustafa M. Abdalla. "Alternating-Current Thin-Film Electroluminescent Device Characterization." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233432.
Full textAbstract:
Jádrem této disertační práce bylo studovat optické a elektrické charakteristiky tenkovrstvých elektroluminiscenčních součástek řízených střídavým proudem (ACTFEL) a zejména vliv procesu stárnutí luminiforů na jejich optické a elektrické vlastnosti. Cílem této studie měl být příspěvek ke zvýšení celkové účinnosti luminoforů, vyjádřené pomocí jasu, účinnosti a stability. Vzhledem k tomu, že současnou dominantní technologií plochých obrazovek je LCD, musí se další alternativní technologie plošných displejů porovnávat s LCD. Výhodou ACTFEL displejů proti LCD je lepší rozlišení, větší teplotní rozsah činnosti, větší čtecí úhel, či možnost čtení při mnohem vyšší intenzitě pozadí. Na druhou stranu je jejich nevýhodou vyšší energetická náročnost, problém s odpovídající barevností tří základních barev a podstatně vyšší napětí nutné pro činnost displeje. K dosažení tohoto cíle jsme provedli optická, elektrická a optoelektrická měření ACTFEL struktur a ZnS:Mn luminoforů. Navíc jsme studovali vliv dotování vrstvy pomocí KCl na chování mikrostruktury a na elektroluminiscenční vlastnosti (zejména na jas a světelnou účinnost) ZnS:Mn luminoforů. Provedli jsme i některá, ne zcela obvyklá, měření ACTFEL součástek. Vypočítali jsme i rozptylový poměr nabitých barevných center a simulovali transportní charakteristiky v ACTFEL součástkách. Studovali jsme vliv stárnutí dvou typů ZnS:Mn luminoforů (s vrstvou napařenou či získanou pomocí epitaxe atomových vrstev) monitorováním závislostí svítivost-napětí (L-V), velikost vnitřního náboje - elektrické pole luminoforu (Q-Fp) a kapacitance-napětí (C-V) ve zvolených časových intervalech v průběhu stárnutí. Provedli jsme krátkodobá i dlouhodobá měření a pokusili jsme se i o vizualizaci struktury luminoforu se subvlnovým rozlišením pomocí optického rastrovacího mikroskopu pracujícího v blízkém poli (SNOM). Na praktickém případu zeleného Zn2GeO4:Mn (2% Mn) ACTFEL displeje, pracujícího při 50 Hz, jsme také studovali stabilitu svítivosti pomocí měření závislosti svítivosti na napětí (L-V) a světelné účinnosti na napětí (eta-V). Přitom byl zhodnocen význam těchto charakteristik. Nezanedbatelnou a neoddělitelnou součástí této práce je i její pedagogický aspekt. Předložený text by mohl být využit i jako učebnice pro studenty na mé univerzitě v Lybii.
28
Dřímalková, Lucie. "Diagnostika diafragmového výboje ve vodných roztocích a jeho aplikace pro povrchovou úpravu nanomateriálů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402110.
Full textAbstract:
The exact mechanism of the discharge in liquids ignition is not sufficiently known up to now. Although during the last years was achieved the great progress and overloading which some of them are written in this theoretical part of thesis. This thesis is divided into two experimental parts. When the first part deals with diagnostics of diaphragm discharge in electrolyte solutions and the second part is focused on its use for uncoiling (higher homogenization) of carbon nanotubes in solutions. In experiment 1, three different sized (4 l, 100 ml, 50 ml) diaphragm discharge configurations were used to diagnose diaphragm discharge in electrolyte solutions. Diagnostics is done through current and voltage waveforms with the addition of synchronized ICCD camera images that have been connected to a four-channel oscilloscope. The V-A characteristic can be described by three events occurring in the electrolyte solution with a gradual increase in voltage. Slowly increasing of the voltage in the solution leads first to electrolysis. The next phase is the formation of microbubbles or bubbles, which is characteristic of the curve by a slight decrease in the increase of the current passing between electrodes. The sudden increase in the current flow is characteristic of the last phase, namely the discharge phase. The distance of the electrodes from the diaphragm does not significantly affect the V-A characteristic. The higher diameter of the pin hole, therefore, has a higher voltage, but this does not affect the origin of bubble generation or breakdown. The higher thickness of diaphragm, the higher voltage is needed to the beginning of the bubbles generation, and consequently the discharge breakdown. Comparison of the voltage of the start generation of the bubbles and breakdown for PET diaphragms and diaphragms from the ceramic there was no mark able difference. One of the most important parameters is the conductivity of the electrolyte solution. The lower voltage is needed for the start generation of the bubbles at the higher solution conductivity, and also the discharge generation is observed at a lower breakdown voltage. The second experimental part is focused on the study of the diaphragm discharge effect on carbon nanotubes. A specially designed U-shaped reactor is used to modify carbon nanoparticles. Tap water and aqueous solutions of organic compounds are used as the electrolytic solutions. The discharge is generated by a non-pulsed DC high source with a voltage in the range of 0-2.8 kV supplied to platinum electrodes located in the electrolyte solution. The experimental results have shown that the diaphragm discharge has positive effects on the disintegration of clusters and agglomerates of carbon nanotubes. The primary effect on disintegration is probably the shock waves generated by the discharge. It turned out that it depends on the electrode configuration, where the treatment in anode space has far greater effects than the treatment in cathode half of the reactor. Effects of carbon nanotubes disintegration in solution are long-lasting and the treatment effect is not loosed after several months. There were detected no significant changes in the structure of plasma-treated nanotubes by Infra-red spectroscopy.
29
Yang, Yi. "Power line sensor networks for enhancing power line reliability and utilization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41087.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last several decades, electricity consumption and generation have continually grown. Investment in the Transmission and Distribution (T&D) infrastructure has been minimal and it has become increasingly difficult and expensive to permit and build new power lines. At the same time, a growing increase in the penetration of renewable energy resources is causing an unprecedented level of dynamics on the grid. Consequently, the power grid is congested and under stress.
To compound the situation, the utilities do not possess detailed information on the status and operating margins on their assets in order to use them optimally. The task of monitoring asset status and optimizing asset utilization for the electric power industry seems particularly challenging, given millions of assets and hundreds of thousands of miles of power lines distributed geographically over millions of square miles. The lack of situational awareness compromises system reliability, and raises the possibility of power outages and even cascading blackouts.
To address this problem, a conceptual Power Line Sensor Network (PLSN) is proposed in this research. The main objective of this research is to develop a distributed PLSN to provide continuous on-line monitoring of the geographically dispersed power grid by using hundreds of thousands of low-cost, autonomous, smart, and communication-enabled Power Line Sensor (PLS) modules thus to improve the utilization and reliability of the existing power system.
The proposed PLSN specifically targets the use of passive sensing techniques, focusing on monitoring the real-time dynamic capacity of a specific span of a power line under present weather conditions by using computational intelligence technologies. An ancillary function is to detect the presence of incipient failures along overhead power lines via monitoring and characterizing the electromagnetic fields around overhead conductors. This research integrates detailed modeling of the power lines and the physical manifestations of the parameters being sensed, with pattern recognition technologies. Key issues of this research also include design of a prototype PLS module with integrated sensing, power and communication functions, and validation of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology integrated to this proposed PLSN.
30
Domagk, Max. "Identifikation und Quantifizierung korrelativer Zusammenhänge zwischen elektrischer sowie klimatischer Umgebung und Elektroenergiequalität." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-211866.
Full textAbstract:
Eine angemessene Qualität der Elektroenergie ist Grundvoraussetzung für den störungsfreien Betrieb aller angeschlossenen Geräte und Anlagen und spielt in den Verteilungsnetzen moderner Industriegesellschaften wie Deutschland eine zentrale Rolle. Die Elektroenergiequalität (EEQ) wird in Strom- und Spannungsqualität unterteilt. Während die Stromqualität maßgeblich im Verantwortungsbereich der Hersteller von Geräten und Anlagen liegt, sind für die Sicherung einer angemessenen Spannungsqualität im Wesentlichen die Netzbetreiber verantwortlich. Durch die technische Weiterentwicklung bspw. neuer Gerätetechnologien und die zunehmende Integration dezentraler Erzeugungsanlagen wie Photovoltaikanlagen ist zu erwarten, dass die EEQ auch künftig weiter an Bedeutung gewinnt. Die EEQ im Niederspannungsverteilungsnetz ist abhängig von Ort und Zeit und wird durch verschiedene Qualitätskenngrößen beschrieben. Die örtliche und zeitliche Abhängigkeit resultieren aus einer Vielzahl verschiedener Einflussfaktoren, welche sich entweder der elektrischen oder der nicht-elektrischen Umgebung des betrachteten Verteilungsnetzes zuordnen lassen. Die elektrische Umgebung wird durch die Art und Anzahl angeschlossener Verbraucher bzw. Erzeuger (Abnehmer- bzw. Erzeugerstruktur) sowie Struktur und technische Parameter des Verteilungsnetzes (Netzstruktur) bestimmt. Die nicht-elektrische Umgebung umfasst u.a. Einflüsse der klimatischen Umgebung wie bspw. Temperatur oder Globalstrahlung. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die systematische Identifikation korrelativer Zusammenhänge zwischen den genannten Umgebungseinflüssen und der EEQ sowie deren Quantifizierung auf Basis geeigneter Indizes und Kenngrößen. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit helfen grundlegende Prinzipien der Ausprägung der Elektroenergiequalität im öffentlichen Verteilungsnetz besser zu verstehen sowie die Verteilungsnetze im Hinblick auf die Elektroenergiequalität zu charakterisieren und zu klassifizieren. Analog zu den Standard-Lastprofilen erfolgt die Definition von Standard-QualitätsprofilenPower quality levels in public low voltage grids are influenced by many factors which can either be assigned to the electrical environment (connected consumers, connected genera-tion, network characteristics) or to the non-electrical environment (e.g. climatic conditions) at the measurement site. Type and amount of connected consumers (consumer topology) are expected to have a very high impact on power quality (PQ) levels. The generation topology is characterized by number and kind of equipment and generating installations like photovoltaic systems which are connected to the LV grid. The electrical parameters of the grid define the network topology. The parameters which are most suitable to describe each of the three topologies and the climatic environment will be identified. Voltage and current quality in public low voltage (LV) grids vary depending on location and time. They are quantified by a set of different parameters which either belong to events (e.g. dips) or to variations (e.g. harmonics). This thesis exclusively addresses continuous parameters describing variations. Continuous phenomena like harmonics are closely linked to an one-day-cycle which implies a more or less periodic behavior of the continuous power quality parameters. Consumer topologies such as office buildings or residential areas differ in their use of equipment. Time series analysis is used to distinguish between different consumer topologies and to identify characteristic weeks. The clustering of one-day time series is applied to identify characteristic days within the weeks of certain topologies. Based on the results, emission profiles for certain current quality parameters of different consumer topologies will be defined. Due to the characteristic harmonic current emission of certain consumer topologies which represents the typical user behaviour a classification system is developed. It is used to automatically classify the emission profiles of harmonic currents for unknown measurements and to estimate a likely consumer topology. A classification measure is introduced in order to identify unusual or false classified emission profiles. The usage behaviour of equipment by customers usually varies over the year. Subsequently, the levels of PQ parameters like harmonics may show seasonal variations which are identified by using newly defined parameters. The introduction of new device technologies on a large scale like the transition from incandescent to LED lamps might result in long-term changes to the levels of PQ parameters (e.g. harmonics). The analysis of the long-term behavior (trend) will be applied in order to quantify global trends (looking on the measurement duration as a whole) and local trends (looking on individual segments of the whole time series)
31
Štefanka, Martin. "Aplikace senzorů a digitalizace podle IEC 61850 v sítích a rozvodnách vysokého napětí." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240510.
Full textAbstract:
Vzduchem izolované vysokonapěťové rozváděče jsou nedílnou součástí energetického distribučního řetězce a to jak v průmyslovém, tak ve veřejném sektoru. Hlavní funkcí rozváděče je ochrana pracovního personálu, rozpojování/odpojování a spínání, izolování, měření proudů a napětí, chránění a ovládání zatížení a komunikace dat do řídících systémů. V každé z výše zmíněných funkcí probíhal technologický vývoj v průběhu posledních 40 let. Dnešní rozváděče jsou spolehlivé a elektrickému oblouku odolné zařízení, zoptimalizované téměř k fyzikálním limitům dielektrických, elektromagnetických a termodynamických polí. Vakuové vypínače zajišťují stálou a spolehlivou vypínací funkci. Taktéž v oblasti chránění, řízení a komunikace došlo k mnoha technologickým proměnám. Od elektromechanických relé přes zařízení založená na tranzistorech, později na jednoúčelových mikroprocesorech, až po dnešní multifunkční vysoce výkonná mikroprocesorová inteligentní elektronická zařízení. Pouze oblast měření proudů a napětí setrvala z technologického hlediska posledních 40 let beze změny. K dominujícím měřícím technologiím dneška stále ještě patří indukčně založené transformátory proudu a napětí. Byly sice provedeny některé pokusy k obměně technologie měření jako takové, nicméně bez dosažení úspěchu. Tato dizertační práce je zaměřena na poskytnutí nového náhledu na alternativní technologii měření v elektrických sítích a ve vzduchem izolovaných vysokonapěťových rozváděčích, kterou lze využít jak pro měření proudu, tak i napětí. Tato práce vysvětluje, proč Rogowského cívky, odporové a kapacitní děliče jsou tou správnou volbou a měly by být použity ve vysokonapěťových rozváděčích a podrobně analyzuje přesnost měření a jejich příslušné meze. Dále tato práce popisuje, že pro nasazování nových měřících technologií musí být postupováno systematicky. Senzory připojené k inteligentním elektronickým přístrojům a schopností komunikace založené na IEC 61850 spolu s vysokorychlostní komunikační sběrnicí Ethernetu vytvoří systém, který zjednoduší a sjednotí konstrukci rozváděčů a umožní oddělit aspekty projektování měření od studie zkratových selektivit. V práci je také uveden příklad, jak tento nový systém může přinést změny a zjednodušení do oblastí projektování a řízení. V této práci jsou popsány výsledky několikaletého úsilí při stanovení nových měřících a digitalizovaných přístupů ve vysokonapěťových rozváděčích pod autorovým vedením. Toto úsilí také vedlo k uvedení nového produktu – UniGear Digital - konceptu od ABB. Závěrečná část práce demonstruje praktické nasazení všech výsledků v této práci při skutečných aplikacích.
32
Sutorý, Tomáš. "NOVÉ PRINCIPY CHARAKTERIZACE HRADLOVÝCH KAPACIT PRO SIGMA-DELTA MODULÁTORY." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233499.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the utilization of new principles of characterization of gate capacitances for sigma-delta modulators. Sigma-delta modulators are the integral part of sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters. The proposed new method is characterized by high resolution and modest requirements for laboratory equipment. It allows characterizing capacitances whose values are within the range which is used in sigma-delta modulators. The thesis contains description of the new method, the analysis of measurement accuracy and experimental results.
33
Guedj, Annie. "Oxydation photo-assistee du silicium par laser au co2 continu et contribution a l'etude des couches de silice obtenues." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0011.
Full textAbstract:
Les caracteristiques de "l'oxyde laser" obtenu sont etudiees: 1)grace au controle de temperature par pyrometrie en ce qui concerne la cinetique de croissance. 2) a partir de mesures c(v) et i(v) en ce qui concerne les proprietes electriques. 3) par spectrometrie ir en ce qui concerne les proprietes physiques. Ces caracteristiques sont ensuite comparees a celles de l'oxyde thermique conventionnel. Enfin, par la realisation de transistors m. O. S. A "oxyde laser" (oxyde de grille), nous avons montre que ce mode d'oxydation assistee par laser peut etre utilise dans les technologies m. O. S.
34
Nguyen, Duy Minh. "Conception et caractérisation de diodes en SiC pour la détermination des coefficients d'ionisation." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679281.
Full textAbstract:
Le carbure de silicium (SiC) possède plusieurs propriétés exceptionnelles comme une large bande interdite, un champ électrique critique et une vitesse de saturation des porteurs élevée pour remplacer le silicium (Si) dans des domaines de fonctionnement jusque-là inaccessibles avec le Si. Un nombre important de démonstrateurs des composants de puissance en SiC faisant état de performances remarquables ainsi que la disponibilité commerciale des composants en SiC confirment la maturité de la filière SiC et montrent les progrès technologiques réalisés au cours des dernières années. Cependant, il existe peu d'études sur les coefficients d'ionisation du SiC, lesquels sont pourtant indispensables pour prévoir précisément la tenue en tension des composants de puissance en SiC. Ce travail contribue donc à mieux déterminer ces coefficients. Pour cela, un bon nombre de diodes spécialement conçues pour la détermination des coefficients d'ionisation du SiC par la technique OBIC (Optical Beam Induced Current) ont été réalisées sur différents wafers de SiC-4H et de SiC-6H, deux polytypes courant du SiC. Cette technique repose sur un faisceau de laser ultraviolet qui génère des paires électrons-trous dans la zone de charge d'espace d'une diode sous test. La mesure du courant résultant permet d'accéder aux coefficients d'ionisation. A partir des mesures OBIC sur les diodes réalisées, nous avons pu déduire les coefficients pour ces deux polytypes du SiC. Plus particulièrement, les coefficients d'ionisation du SiC-4H sont déterminés dans une large gamme de champ électrique grâce aux mesures sur les différents dopages. Les paramètres des coefficients déterminés dans ce travail peuvent être utilisés en conception de dispositifs haute tension pour prédire plus précisément l'efficacité de leur protection périphérique.
35
Šimoník, Petr. "Měřič odstupu signálu od šumu obrazových signálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217681.
Full textAbstract:
The diplomma thesis is dealing with possibilities of Signal to noise ratio measurement by method, which is based on direct measurement. It is chosen the most suitable method – signal and noise separation to two different parallel signal branches, where is measured signal strength in one branch and root mean square value in the other. The thesis is consisted of a concept of detail block scheme of Signal to noise ratio meter, which was designed in terms of theoretical knowledge. Particular functional blocks were circuit-designed, the active and passive parts were chosen and their function were described. There were made simulation and displayed input and output time flows. There is designed the whole connection of engineered Signal to noise ratio meter in the last part of my thesis. The double-sided board of printed circuit is contained too. It was created simple programme for supervisor micro-processor. Thereby were constructed complete bases for realization.
36
"Standard Feeder and Load Model Synthesis Using Voltage and Current Measurements." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.51788.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Until late 1970’s the primary focus in power system modeling has been largely directed towards power system generation and transmission. Over the years, the importance of load modeling grew and having an accurate representation of load played an important role in the planning and operation studies. With an emphasis on tackling the topic of load modeling, this thesis presents the following intermediary steps in developing accurate load models:
1. Synthesis of a three-phase standard feeder and load model using the measured voltages and currents, for events such as faults and feeder pickup cases, obtained at the head of the feeder.
2. Investigated the impact of the synthesized standard feeder and load model on the sub-transmission system for a feeder pick-up case.
In the first phase of this project, a standard feeder and load model had been synthesized by capturing the current transients when three-phase voltage measurements (obtained from a local electric utility) are played-in as input to the synthesized model. The comparison between the measured currents and the simulated currents obtained using an electromagnetic transient analysis software (PSCAD) are made at the head of the designed feeder. The synthesized load model has a load composition which includes impedance loads, single-phase induction motor loads and three-phase induction motor loads. The parameters of the motor models are adjusted to obtain a good correspondence between measured three-phase currents and simulated current responses at the head of the feeder when subjected to events under which measurements were obtained on the feeder. These events include faults which occurred upstream of the feeder at a higher voltage level and a feeder pickup event that occurred downstream from the head of the feeder. Two different load compositions have been obtained for this feeder and load model depending on the types of load present in the surrounding area (residential or industrial/commercial).
The second phase of this project examines the impact of the feeder pick-up event on the 69 kV sub-transmission system using the obtained standard feeder and load model. Using the 69 kV network data obtained from a local utility, a sub-transmission network has been built in PSCAD. The main difference between the first and second phase of this project is that no measurements are played-in to the model in the latter case. Instead, the feeder pick-up event at a particular substation is simulated using the reduced equivalent of the 69 kV sub-transmission circuit together with the synthesized three-phase models of the feeder and the loads obtained in the first phase of the project. Using this analysis, it is observed that a good correspondence between the PSCAD simulated values of both three-phase voltages and currents with their corresponding measured responses at the substation is achieved.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2018
37
Hoffe, Simon John. "Synchronous generator fault diagnosis using shaft signal measurements." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2124.
Full textAbstract:
Student Number :0008015M -
MSc Dissertation -
School of Electrical and Information Engineering -
Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentShaft voltages and currents are an unavoidable characteristic of rotating machines, though they are typically a nuisance this work shows that shaft signals can be used for fault diagnosis. This work focussed on shaft voltages present on synchronous generators. Measurements on a 4-pole generator found that the angular position of the shaft could be determined from the shaft voltage. An experimental 20 kVA 2-pole synchronous generator was designed and built which resembled a full-size 600 MVA turbo-generator. The effects of a static eccentricity on the shaft voltage were successfully determined firstly through FEM simulation and then verified with physical measurements. Shaft voltages can be used to diagnose static eccentricity, future work should investigate other faults. In addition, computer simulation was found to be effective and simulation and measurements of operating machines (such as turbo-generators) should be considered.
38
"Substring Current-Voltage Measurement of PV Strings Using a Non-Contact I-V Curve Tracer." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57398.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: In the current photovoltaic (PV) industry, the O&M (operations and maintenance) personnel in the field primarily utilize three approaches to identify the underperforming or defective modules in a string: i) EL (electroluminescence) imaging of all the modules in the string; ii) IR (infrared) thermal imaging of all the modules in the string; and, iii) current-voltage (I-V) curve tracing of all the modules in the string. In the first and second approaches, the EL images are used to detect the modules with broken cells, and the IR images are used to detect the modules with hotspot cells, respectively. These two methods may identify the modules with defective cells only semi-qualitatively, but not accurately and quantitatively. The third method, I-V curve tracing, is a quantitative method to identify the underperforming modules in a string, but it is an extremely time consuming, labor-intensive, and highly ambient conditions dependent method. Since the I-V curves of individual modules in a string are obtained by disconnecting them individually at different irradiance levels, module operating temperatures, angle of incidences (AOI) and air-masses/spectra, all these measured curves are required to be translated to a single reporting condition (SRC) of a single irradiance, single temperature, single AOI and single spectrum. These translations are not only time consuming but are also prone to inaccuracy due to inherent issues in the translation models. Therefore, the current challenges in using the traditional I-V tracers are related to: i) obtaining I-V curves simultaneously of all the modules and substrings in a string at a single irradiance, operating temperature, irradiance spectrum and angle of incidence due to changing weather parameters and sun positions during the measurements, ii) safety of field personnel when disconnecting and reconnecting of cables in high voltage systems (especially field aged connectors), and iii) enormous time and hardship for the test personnel in harsh outdoor climatic conditions. In this thesis work, a non-contact I-V (NCIV) curve tracing tool has been integrated and implemented to address the above mentioned three challenges of the traditional I-V tracers.
This work compares I-V curves obtained using a traditional I-V curve tracer with the I-V curves obtained using a NCIV curve tracer for the string, substring and individual modules of crystalline silicon (c-Si) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) technologies. The NCIV curve tracer equipment used in this study was integrated using three commercially available components: non-contact voltmeters (NCV) with voltage probes to measure the voltages of substrings/modules in a string, a hall sensor to measure the string current and a DAS (data acquisition system) for simultaneous collection of the voltage data obtained from the NCVs and the current data obtained from the hall sensor. This study demonstrates the concept and accuracy of the NCIV curve tracer by comparing the I-V curves obtained using a traditional capacitor-based tracer and the NCIV curve tracer in a three-module string of c-Si modules and of CdTe modules under natural sunlight with uniform light conditions on all the modules in the string and with partially shading one or more of the modules in the string to simulate and quantitatively detect the underperforming module(s) in a string.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Engineering 2020
39
Chen, Yu-Ting, and 陳昱廷. "Synthesis of single walled carbon nanotubes by high voltage and low current arc discharge: purification, resistance and capacitance measurements of single walled carbon nanotubes." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84818342192769120891.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
94
Arc discharge was generally used to synthesize high quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with low voltage (20 ~ 40 V) and high current (50 ~ 100 A), respectively. Meanwhile, reaction time is controlled to 15 ~ 120 minutes and 50 % total yields is estimated. In our study, it is the first time to produce SWNTs via high voltage (200 V) and low current (20A), and finally, a high efficient condition (100 torr He, 200 V, composition of C：Y：Ni＝2.5：0.1953 ：0.5415 and 3 minutes reaction time) was proposed to synthesize SWNTs. When the anode was consumed 5cm in length and 1cm in diameter, 2g raw soot will be obtained and its purity is about 20%. Heat-oxidized and hydrochloric acid-pickling treatments are used to purify our raw soot and then the yield percentage is rise to more than 60%. Furthermore, compared to pristine SWNTs, purified SWNTs perform a higher capacitance and electrical conductance which are confirmed by a 2 port measurement.
40
Mtangi, Wilbert. "Electrical characterization of ZnO and metal ZnO contacts." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28131.
Full textAbstract:
The electrical properties of ZnO and contacts to ZnO have been investigated using different techniques. Temperature dependent Hall (TDH) effect measurements have been used to characterize the as-received melt grown ZnO samples in the 20 – 330 K temperature range. The effect of argon annealing on hydrogen peroxide treated ZnO samples has been investigated in the 200 – 800oC temperature range by the TDH effect measurement technique. The experimental data has been analysed by fitting a theoretical model written in Matlab to the data. Donor concentrations and acceptor concentrations together with the associated energy levels have been extracted by fitting the models to the experimentally obtained carrier concentration data by assuming a multi-donor and single charged acceptor in solving the charge balance equation. TDH measurements have revealed the dominance of surface conduction in melt grown ZnO in the 20 – 40 K temperature range. Surface conduction effects have proved to increase with the increase in annealing temperature. Surface donor volume concentrations have been determined in the 200 – 800oC by use of theory developed by D. C. Look. Good rectifying Schottky contacts have been fabricated on ZnO after treating the samples with boiling hydrogen peroxide. Electrical properties of these Schottky contacts have been investigated using current-voltage (IV) and capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements in the 60 – 300 K temperature range. The Schottky contacts have revealed the dominance of predominantly thermionic emission at room temperature and the existence of other current transport mechanisms at temperatures below room temperature. Polarity effects on the Schottky contacts deposited on the O-polar and Zn-polar faces of ZnO have been demonstrated by the IV technique on the Pd and Au Schottky contacts at room temperature. Results obtained indicate a strong dependence of the Schottky contact quality on the polarity of the samples at room temperature. The quality of the Schottky contacts have also indicated their dependence on the type of metal used with the Pd producing contacts with the better quality as compared to the Au. Schottky barrier heights determined using temperature dependent IV measurements have been observed to increase with increasing temperature and this has been explained as an effect of barrier inhomogeneities, while the ones obtained from CV measurements have proved to follow the negative temperature coefficient of the II – VI semiconductor material, i.e. a decrease in barrier height with increasing temperature. However, the values have proved to be larger than the energy gap of ZnO, an effect that has been explained as caused by an inversion layer. CopyrightDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Physics
unrestricted
41
Cheng, Shih-Hsien, and 鄭世賢. "Study on Power Line Noninvasive Current/Voltage Measurement with Distance Variation Compensation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9p4md4.
Full text
42
Hsu, Chi-Ming, and 許智銘. "Fabrication of YBCO Thin-Film Devices and Construction of Voltage-Current Characteristics Measurement System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24770981097709409010.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
機械與精密工程研究所
99
The fabrication parameters of YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) thin film, superconductive micro bridges, and Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) were investigated. The YBCO thin film was grown by using a RF magnetron sputtering system, and the micro-bridges and SQUIDs were formed by using photolithography and wet-etching processes. The experimental results showed that the critical temperature was the highest for the oxygen-to-argon flow-rate ratio of 69%：31%, provided that the optimum heater power was used during deposition. In addition to the was built in this work. The built system was used for measuring the voltage-current YBCO film fabrication, the measurement system for voltage-current characteristics curves of the fabricated superconductive micro-bridges and SQUIDs. The system consists of a homemade current waveform generator, a preamplifier, an oscilloscope, a data acquisition unit, and a personal computer. The output of the current waveform generator ranges from 10 μA/V to 10 mA/V. Batteries was used to provide the main power of the current waveform generator to ensure the immunity from the electrical disturbance of environment. The built voltage-current measurement system can be applied to the electrical characterization for various superconductive devices.
43
Wu, Dali. "Noise Analysis and Measurement for Current Mode and Voltage Mode Active Pixel Sensor Readout Methods." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5107.
Full textAbstract:
A detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of noise in both current mode and voltage mode amorphous silicon (a-Si) active pixel sensors (APS) has been performed in this study. Both flicker (1/f) and thermal noise are considered. The experimental result in this study emphasizes the computation of the output noise variance, and not the output noise spectrum. This study determines which mode of operation is superior in term of output noise. The current noise power spectral density of a single a-Si TFT is also measured in order to find the suitable model for calculating the flicker noise. This experimental result matches Hooge’s model. The theoretical analysis shows that the voltage mode APS has an advantage over the current mode APS in terms of the flicker noise due to the operation of the readout process. The experimental data are compared to the theoretical analysis and are in good agreement. The results obtained in this study apply equally well to APS circuits made using polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) and single crystal silicon.
44
Liu, Kaiyang. "A Selective Polarity DC-DC Converter with Virtually Infinite Voltage Levels." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/10929.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This research introduces a new design of a converter modified from SEPIC converter (Single end primary inductive converter), capable of generating desired voltage levels and polarities. The new switching converter topology allows for boost and buck of the input voltage theoretically achieving infinite positive and negative voltage levels. The proposed topology utilizes single high frequency switch to perform the power conversion which simplifies the design of the gate driver, but meanwhile, it still retains the ability to provide a wide range of output voltage. Mathematical modeling of the converter and computer simulations are validated by experimental data. To verify its performance a prototype was designed and built. It is experimentally proven that the circuit can generate a desired voltage in the range of voltages up to ±170 V, delivering 480 Watts of power to a resistive load.
45
Domagk, Max. "Identifikation und Quantifizierung korrelativer Zusammenhänge zwischen elektrischer sowie klimatischer Umgebung und Elektroenergiequalität." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29896.
Full textAbstract:
Eine angemessene Qualität der Elektroenergie ist Grundvoraussetzung für den störungsfreien Betrieb aller angeschlossenen Geräte und Anlagen und spielt in den Verteilungsnetzen moderner Industriegesellschaften wie Deutschland eine zentrale Rolle. Die Elektroenergiequalität (EEQ) wird in Strom- und Spannungsqualität unterteilt. Während die Stromqualität maßgeblich im Verantwortungsbereich der Hersteller von Geräten und Anlagen liegt, sind für die Sicherung einer angemessenen Spannungsqualität im Wesentlichen die Netzbetreiber verantwortlich.
Durch die technische Weiterentwicklung bspw. neuer Gerätetechnologien und die zunehmende Integration dezentraler Erzeugungsanlagen wie Photovoltaikanlagen ist zu erwarten, dass die EEQ auch künftig weiter an Bedeutung gewinnt. Die EEQ im Niederspannungsverteilungsnetz ist abhängig von Ort und Zeit und wird durch verschiedene Qualitätskenngrößen beschrieben. Die örtliche und zeitliche Abhängigkeit resultieren aus einer Vielzahl verschiedener Einflussfaktoren, welche sich entweder der elektrischen oder der nicht-elektrischen Umgebung des betrachteten Verteilungsnetzes zuordnen lassen. Die elektrische Umgebung wird durch die Art und Anzahl angeschlossener Verbraucher bzw. Erzeuger (Abnehmer- bzw. Erzeugerstruktur) sowie Struktur und technische Parameter des Verteilungsnetzes (Netzstruktur) bestimmt. Die nicht-elektrische Umgebung umfasst u.a. Einflüsse der klimatischen Umgebung wie bspw. Temperatur oder Globalstrahlung.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die systematische Identifikation korrelativer Zusammenhänge zwischen den genannten Umgebungseinflüssen und der EEQ sowie deren Quantifizierung auf Basis geeigneter Indizes und Kenngrößen. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit helfen grundlegende Prinzipien der Ausprägung der Elektroenergiequalität im öffentlichen Verteilungsnetz besser zu verstehen sowie die Verteilungsnetze im Hinblick auf die Elektroenergiequalität zu charakterisieren und zu klassifizieren. Analog zu den Standard-Lastprofilen erfolgt die Definition von Standard-Qualitätsprofilen.Power quality levels in public low voltage grids are influenced by many factors which can either be assigned to the electrical environment (connected consumers, connected genera-tion, network characteristics) or to the non-electrical environment (e.g. climatic conditions) at the measurement site. Type and amount of connected consumers (consumer topology) are expected to have a very high impact on power quality (PQ) levels. The generation topology is characterized by number and kind of equipment and generating installations like photovoltaic systems which are connected to the LV grid. The electrical parameters of the grid define the network topology. The parameters which are most suitable to describe each of the three topologies and the climatic environment will be identified. Voltage and current quality in public low voltage (LV) grids vary depending on location and time. They are quantified by a set of different parameters which either belong to events (e.g. dips) or to variations (e.g. harmonics). This thesis exclusively addresses continuous parameters describing variations. Continuous phenomena like harmonics are closely linked to an one-day-cycle which implies a more or less periodic behavior of the continuous power quality parameters. Consumer topologies such as office buildings or residential areas differ in their use of equipment. Time series analysis is used to distinguish between different consumer topologies and to identify characteristic weeks. The clustering of one-day time series is applied to identify characteristic days within the weeks of certain topologies. Based on the results, emission profiles for certain current quality parameters of different consumer topologies will be defined. Due to the characteristic harmonic current emission of certain consumer topologies which represents the typical user behaviour a classification system is developed. It is used to automatically classify the emission profiles of harmonic currents for unknown measurements and to estimate a likely consumer topology. A classification measure is introduced in order to identify unusual or false classified emission profiles. The usage behaviour of equipment by customers usually varies over the year. Subsequently, the levels of PQ parameters like harmonics may show seasonal variations which are identified by using newly defined parameters. The introduction of new device technologies on a large scale like the transition from incandescent to LED lamps might result in long-term changes to the levels of PQ parameters (e.g. harmonics). The analysis of the long-term behavior (trend) will be applied in order to quantify global trends (looking on the measurement duration as a whole) and local trends (looking on individual segments of the whole time series).