Relevant bibliographies by topics / Currents lasted method

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Currents lasted method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Currents lasted method"

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Nasi, Enrico, and Maria Gomez. "Electrophysiological recordings in solitary photoreceptors from the retina of squid, Loligo pealei." Visual Neuroscience 8, no. 4 (April 1992): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800005083.

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AbstractA protocol was developed to isolate enzymatically photoreceptors from the retina of the squid, Loligo pealei. The procedure routinely results in a high yield of intact cells. Examination of solitary photoreceptors under Nomarski optics revealed that the fine morphological features described in anatomical studies of retinal sections are retained. The distal segment is up to 250 μm long, 4–7 μm wide, covered in part by short microvilli; the inner segment and the cell body, with the initial portion of the axon, are also clearly discernible in solitary cells. Suction electrode measurements performed from the cell body confirmed that responsiveness to light survived cell isolation. Macroscopic membrane currents were measured using the whole-cell tight-seal technique, and the perforated-patch method. Step depolarizations of membrane voltage administered in the dark elicited a slowly activating, sustained outward current. Light stimulation evoked an inward current graded with stimulus intensity; the peak current could amply exceed 1000 pA. Intense photostimulation gave rise to a prolonged inward aftercurrent that lasted for tens of seconds. On-cell patch recording along the intermediate segment and most of the smooth areas of the distal segment showed a large incidence of silent patches, with the occasional presence of voltage-dependent channels. On the other hand, channel activity could be recorded more frequently from electrode placements near the apical tip of the cell, where the presence of microvilli could be confirmed visually. Some patches were unresponsive to voltage Stimulation applied in the dark but produced distinct bursts of channel openings after illumination. The feasibility of single-cell electrophysiology in isolated photoreceptors, together with the growing body of biochemical information on cephalopod preparations, makes squid an attractive model system to investigate the visual process in invertebrates using multiple experimental approaches.
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Nguyen, Tyler, Zoe Vriesman, Peter Andrews, Sehban Masood, M. Stewart, Sakhrat Khizroev, and Xiaoming Jin. "4009 Magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) cobalt ferrite-barrium titanate (CoFe2O4–BaTiO3) for non-invasive neuromodulation." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.78.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our goal is to develop a non-invasive stimulation technique using magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) for inducing and enhancing neuronal activity with high spatial and temporal resolutions and minimal toxicity, which can potentially be used as a more effective approach to brain stimulation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: MENs compose of core-shell structures that are attracted to strong external magnetic field (~5000 Gauss) but produces electric currents with weaker magnetic field (~450 Gauss). MENs were IV treated into mice and drawn to the brain cortex with a strong magnetic field. We then stimulate MENs with a weaker magnetic field via electro magnet. With two photon calcium imaging, we investigated both the temporal and spatial effects of MENs on neuronal activity both in vivo and in vitro. We performed mesoscopic whole brain calcium imaging on awake animal to assess the MENs effects. Furthermore, we investigated the temporal profile of MENs in the vasculatures post-treatment and its toxicities to CNS. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: MENs were successfully localized to target cortical regions within 30 minutes of magnetic application. After wirelessly applying ~450 G magnetic field between 10-20 Hz, we observed a dramatic increase of calcium signals (i.e. neuronal excitability) both in vitro cultured neurons and in vivo treated animals. Whole brain imaging of awake mice showed a focal increase in calcium signals at the area where MENs localized and the signals spread to regions further away. We also found MENs stimulatory effects lasted up to 24 hours post treatment. MEN stimulation increases c-Fos expression but resulted in no inflammatory changes, up to one week, by assessing microglial or astrocytes activations. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our study shows, through controlling the applied magnetic field, MENs can be focally delivered to specific cortical regions with high efficacy and wirelessly activated neurons with high spatial and temporal resolution. This method shows promising potential to be a new non-invasive brain modulation approach disease studies and treatments.
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Salehi, Hadi, Ali Shahpari, and Aliasghar Ahmadishokouh. "The Effects of Input Enhancement Techniques on ESP Learners' Microgenetic Development of Conjunction Production." Journal of Practical Studies in Education 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v1i1.8.

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Microgenetic design or microgenetic method is a scientific method in which the same setting is studied repeatedly in order toobserve possible changes in details. Reviewing the current literature, one can conclude that microgenetic methods havepositive effects of learning in general and language learning in particular. The main objective of the current study was toinvestigate the possible effects of implementing input enhancement techniques using microgenetic methods, on Iranian ESPlearners' conjunction production. To this end, a number of 40 Iranian ESP learners were participated in the study. During thefour-week period of the current study, the participants received the instructions and treatment, two sessions a week and eachsession lasted for an hour. After administering the pre-test before the instruction, using input enhancement techniques, anumber of the conjunctions were presented and taught to the learners in the first session. The data were collected afterinstructional sessions during the first, third, fifth, and seventh weeks through paragraphs focusing on conjunction productionwritten by the participants. The results indicated that, in the course of time, input enhancement techniques using microgeneticmethods, significantly affect Iranian ESP learners' conjunction production.
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Segal, Michael M., and Andrea F. Douglas. "Late Sodium Channel Openings Underlying Epileptiform Activity Are Preferentially Diminished by the Anticonvulsant Phenytoin." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 3021–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3021.

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Segal, Michael M. and Andrea F. Douglas. Late sodium channel openings underlying epileptiform activity are preferentially diminished by the anticonvulsant phenytoin. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 3021–3034, 1997. Late openings of sodium channels were observed in outside-out patch recordings from hippocampal neurons in culture. In previous studies of such neurons, a persistent sodium current appeared to underlie the ictal epileptiform activity. All the channel currents were blocked by tetrodotoxin. In addition to the transient openings of sodium channels making up the peak sodium current, there were two types of late channel openings: brief late and burst openings. These late channel openings occurred throughout voltage pulses that lasted 750 ms, producing a persistent sodium current. At −30 mV, this current was 0.4% of the peak current. The late channel openings occurred throughout the physiological range of trans-membrane voltages. The anticonvulsant phenytoin reduced the late channel openings more than the peak currents. The effect on the persistent current was greatest at more depolarized voltages, whereas the effect on peak currents was not substantially voltage dependent. In the presence of 60 μM phenytoin, peak sodium currents at −30 mV were 40–41% of control, as calculated using different methods of analysis. Late currents were 22–24% of control. Phenytoin primarily decreased the number of channel openings, with less effect on the duration of channel openings and no effect on open channel current. This set of findings is consistent with models in which phenytoin binds to the inactivated state of the channel. The preferential effect of phenytoin on the persistent sodium current suggests that an important pharmacological mechanism for a sodium channel anticonvulsant is to reduce late openings of sodium channels, rather than reducing all sodium channel openings. We hypothesize that pharmacological interventions that are most selective in reducing late openings of sodium channels, while leaving early channel openings relatively intact, will be those that produce an anticonvulsant effect while interfering minimally with normal function.
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MacIver, M. Bruce, Helen M. Bronte-Stewart, Jaimie M. Henderson, Richard A. Jaffe, and John G. Brock-Utne. "Human Subthalamic Neuron Spiking Exhibits Subtle Responses to Sedatives." Anesthesiology 115, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3182217126.

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Background During deep brain stimulation implant surgery, microelectrode recordings are used to map the location of targeted neurons. The effects produced by propofol or remifentanil on discharge activity of subthalamic neurons were studied intraoperatively to determine whether they alter neuronal activity. Methods Microelectrode recordings from 11 neurons, each from individual patients, were discriminated and analyzed before and after administration of either propofol or remifentanil. Subthalamic neurons in rat brain slices were recorded in patch-clamp to investigate cellular level effects. Results Neurons discharged at 42 ± 9 spikes/s (mean ± SD) and showed a common pattern of inhibition that lasted 4.3 ms. Unique discharge profiles were evident for each neuron, seen using joint-interval analysis. Propofol (intravenous bolus 0.3 mg/kg) produced sedation, with minor effects on discharge activity (less than 2.0% change in frequency). A prolongation of recurrent inhibition was evident from joint-interval analysis, and propofol's effect peaked within 2 min, with recovery evident at 10 min. Subthalamic neurons recorded in rat brain slices exhibited inhibitory synaptic currents that were prolonged by propofol (155%) but appeared to lack tonic inhibitory currents. Propofol did not alter membrane potential, membrane resistance, current-evoked discharge, or holding current during voltage clamp. Remifentanil (0.05 mg/kg) had little effect on overall subthalamic neuron discharge activity and did not prolong recurrent inhibition. Conclusions These results help to characterize the circuit properties and feedback inhibition of subthalamic neurons and demonstrate that both propofol and remifentanil produce only minor alterations of subthalamic neuron discharge activity that should not interfere with deep brain stimulation implant surgery.
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Kozyrev, N. A., R. A. Shevchenko, S. N. Krat’ko, R. E. Kryukov, and A. R. Mikhno. "Elaboration of a technology of long rail lashes production without induction heat treatment application." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 4 (May 18, 2019): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-4-488-497.

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Welding butts of rail lashes after resistance butt-welding are subjected to heat treatment to eliminate heat-affected zones. At present facilities of induction heating are used in Russia for the heat treatment and compressed air as a quenching media. However, this method of quenching has significant drawbacks, including appearance of new heat-affected zones at the local heating of the welded butts, deterioration of the welded butts’ straightness after cooling. Shlatter Company proposed a solution of this problem by application of the process of resistance butt-welding by rails fusion. Theoretical calculations and laboratory studies of the thermal cycle of rail steel samples welding were made in the Siberian State Industrial University, which showed a principal possibility of this method application under industrial conditions. The method assumes after the welded butt settling and cooling to keep the preset temperature from the moment of its reaching by passing alternative electric current pulses through the welded butt. The temperature of exposure is selected based on obtaining necessary fine grain seam metal structure. The duration of exposure is determined by latency period of the structure formation and is controlled by the number of current pulses. The carried out industrial experiments at the МСР-6301 resistance butt welding machine resulted in determining parameters of cooling time after settling, heating and cooling after the heating, as well as the number of heating pulses. A method of resistance butt welding was tested, enabling to obtain the welded joint of details of the P65 ДТ350 category rail steel. The welded joint had mechanical properties exceeding technical requirements of СТО РЖД 1.08.002–2009 specifications.
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Oliveira Junior, Adilson Sanches de, Bruno Braga Roberto, Mario Lenza, Guilherme Figueiredo Pintan, Benno Ejnisman, Breno Schor, Eduardo da Frota Carrera, and Joel Murachovsky. "Preferences of orthopedic surgeons for treating midshaft clavicle fracture in adults." Einstein (São Paulo) 15, no. 3 (September 2017): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082017ao4043.

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ABSTRACT Objective To determine the current clinical practice in Latin America for treating midshaft clavicle fractures, including surgical and non-surgical approaches. Methods A cross-sectional study using a descriptive questionnaire. Shoulder and elbow surgeons from the Brazilian Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery and from the Latin American Society of Shoulder and Elbow were contacted and asked to complete a short questionnaire (SurveyMonkey®) on the management of midshaft fractures of the clavicle. Incomplete or inconsistent answers were excluded. Results The type of radiographic classification preferably used was related to description of fracture morphology, according to 41% of participants. Allman classification ranked second and was used by 24.1% of participants. As to indications for surgical treatment, only the indications with shortening and imminence of skin exposure were statistically significant. Conservative treatment was chosen in cortical contact. Regarding immobilization method, the simple sling was preferred, and treatment lasted from 4 to 6 weeks. Although the result was not statistically significant, the blocked plate was the preferred option in surgical cases. Conclusion The treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures in Latin America is in accordance with the current literature.
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Maksimov, S. K., and V. N. Kukin. "Electron Microscopy investigations of buried Si3N4 isolation layers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176344.

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Formation of buried Si3N4 layers obtained by using repeated cycles of implantation and annealing has been investigated. Structure investigations were made with the use of a CM30 Twin electron microscope (whose diaphragm is 0.18 nm-1 ). In HREM studies, axial micrographs in Si reflections of the 000, 111 and 220 types were employed. Two types of samples were used: "plane view" samples and those of a "cross section". Si3N4 precipitates were identified by application of the EELS method on the LN and Lsiedges.N+ - ions were implanted into silicon wafers (of p-type, (001), 10 Ω cm) at a room temperature- The dose pf ions implanted in each cycle was 5.1010 cm-2 . The total dose was 5.1017 cm-2 , The energy of ions - 150 keV, the current density of the ion beam 25 μA/cm-2 . Annealing in the atmosphere of nitrogen was made at 1100° C which lasted 2 hours after the first cycle of implantation; in the other cycles it lasted 0.5 hours at 850° C. After the operation of ion beam synthesis was completed a silicon epitaxial layer 0.8-1 μm thick was grown.
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Kao, Chun-Chieh, and Yu-Jy Luo. "Effects of Multimedia-Assisted Learning on Learning Behaviors and Student Knowledge in Physical Education Lessons: Using Basketball Game Recording as an Example." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 01 (January 15, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i01.11393.

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The purpose of this study was to create a multimedia learning environment for use in PE lessons and to determine the effects of a traditional learning environment versus a multimedia learning environment on students’ learning behaviors and knowledge. This study had a pretest–posttest quasiexperimental design. The control and experimental groups comprised students at a Taiwanese university who were taught using the traditional teaching method (TT group; 48 students) and TMA (TMA group; 47 students). The pretest and posttest comprised the Learning Behavior Scale in Physical Education and a test questionnaire that assessed the students’ knowledge of basketball game recording methods through 32 multiple-choice questions. The teaching procedure lasted 4 weeks and covered various aspects of the rules of basketball, including the methods of recording basketball game scores. Differences between the groups were determined using various statistical tests. The students’ learning behaviors and knowledge of basketball recording methods were discovered to be significantly improved in both groups at the posttest. However, the TMA group outperformed the TT group, enhancing the students’ learning behaviors and knowledge to a greater degree. Overall, a combination of TT and TMA may have the most beneficial effect on students’ cognition and learning. Teachers should take their students’ current cognitive development into consideration when designing course materials.
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Schimidt, Teresa Cristina Gioia, Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte, and Maria Julia Paes da Silva. "Mediate evaluation of replicating a Training Program in Nonverbal Communication in Gerontology." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 49, no. 2 (April 2015): 0309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420150000200017.

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OBJECTIVE Replicating the training program in non-verbal communication based on the theoretical framework of interpersonal communication; non-verbal coding, valuing the aging aspects in the perspective of active aging, checking its current relevance through the content assimilation index after 90 days (mediate) of its application. METHOD A descriptive and exploratory field study was conducted in three hospitals under direct administration of the state of São Paulo that caters exclusively to Unified Health System (SUS) patients. The training lasted 12 hours divided in three meetings, applied to 102 health professionals. RESULTS Revealed very satisfactory and satisfactory mediate content assimilation index in 82.9%. CONCLUSION The program replication proved to be relevant and updated the setting of hospital services, while remaining efficient for healthcare professionals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Currents lasted method"

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Tamošaitis, Kęstutis. "Vandenilio kuro elementų tyrimas srovės trūkio metodu." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20110103_162526-12853.

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Bakalauro baigiamąjį darbą „ Vandenilio kuro elementų tyrimas srovės trūkio metodu“ sudaro 5 skyriai: įvadas, teorinė dalis, tyrimų dalis, išvados, literatūra ir priedai. Darbo apimtį sudaro 73 puslapiai, 69 paveikslėliai, 3 lentelės ir 4 priedai. Darbe aprašomos įvairių tipų kuro elementai, jų veikimas. Nagrinėjama PEM kuro elemento veikimo principai. Pateikti PEM kuro elemento savybių eksperimentinio tyrimo rezultatai.
The final work for bachelors degree „Investigation of Fuel Cells by Current Interrupt Technique“ consists of 5 parts: introduction, theoretical part, research part, conclusions, literature and accessories. The work consists of 73 pages, 69 pictures, 3 tables and 4 accessories. This work describes various types of fuel cells, how it works. Operation principles of PEM fuel cell element are analysed. The results of experimental examination of PEM fuell cell element are give.
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McGill, David J. "Current understanding of cutaneous laser treatment : a need for improved outcome and objective methods of assessing results." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25020.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2008.
Title from web page (viewed on Mar. 2, 2009). With: The effect of ambient temperature on capillary vascular malformations / D.J. McGill, I.R. Mackay. British journal of dermatology. 2006: 154, 896-903. With: Capillary vascular malformation response to increased ambient temperature is dependent upon anatomical location / David J. McGill, Iain R. Mackay. Annals of plastic surgery. 2007: 58, 2, 193-199. With: A direct comparison of Pulsed dye, Alexandrite, KTP and ND: YAG lasers and IPL in patients with previously treated capillary malformation / Davis J. McGill, William MacLaren, Iain R. Mackay. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 2008: 9999, 1-9. With: A randomized split-face comparison of facial hair removal with Alexandrite Laser and Intense Pulsed Light System / D.J. McGill ... et al. Lasers in Surgery and medicine. 2007: 39, 767-772. With: Laser hair removal in women with polycystic ovary syndrome / D.J. McGill ... et al. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery. 2007: 60, 426-431. Assessment of burn depth : a prospective, blinded comparison of laser Doppler imaging and videomicroscopy / D.J. McGill ... et al. Burns. 2007: 33, 833-842. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cook, Helen Louise. "An evaluation of current diabetic retinopathy screening methods and the potential of a miniaturised scanning laser ophthalmoscope as a new screening tool." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391631.

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Liu, Tzu-Ming, and 劉子明. "Measuring Concentration Profiles of Density Currents by the Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Method." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89872021774906621329.

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碩士
逢甲大學
土木及水利工程研究所
86
In order to avoid interference of flow field by traditionalmeasuring sensor, a non-interference method, called Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), is adopted and investigated in measuringconcentration profiles of gravity currents. The underlined theory ofmethod is based on the relationship between concentration of PLIFfluorescence solution and its reflection intensity by light sheet of laserbeam. The major factors affecting accuracy of PLIF method are (a) sunlight, (b) time decay of fluorescence solution, (c) distance decay of laserbeam, (d) stability of laser power, and (e) decay of laser-light sheet bywater depth. Techniques of reducing these factors are discussed. Forconcentration below 60.87 , a linear relationship exists for fluorescence intensity and concentration. Constant concentration layers occur for certain flow conditions. From dimensionless plot of allconcentration profiles, not all profiles have the similar form. Othermethods are still needed for comparison and calibration purposes.
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Batista, Catarina Moreira. "How do current term structure model behave beyond the last liquid point?: A comparison of the DNS and Smith-Wilson methods." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15393.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Master’s Double Degree in Finance from Maastricht University and NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This paper compares the popular Dynamic Nelson-Siegel (DNS) model with the Smith-Wilson (SW) method for the extrapolation of yield curves within the scope of the new regulation for pension funds and insurance companies, Solvency II. I have focused particularly on the behavior of the models after the last liquid point (LLP) of observable data. My main research shows that a longer LLP is beneficial at extrapolating the yield curve as well as using a onvergence period that relies on the available data. I also found that the DNS model is more market consistent whereas the SW method performs better fitting the available data and disregards the information they provide at the long-end of the curve.
UNL - NSBE
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Books on the topic "Currents lasted method"

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Namour, S. Atlas of current oral laser surgery. Boca Raton: Universal-Publishers, 2011.

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Mandra, Yuliya, Khiyir Abdulkerimov, Elena Svetlakova, Sergey Griroriev, N. Gegalina, Elena Semencova, Maria Vlasova, et al. Laser technology. ru: TIRAZH Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/textbook_5e061def49d1f9.63593775.

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The manual is intended for students of the Faculty of Dentistry, residents, practicing dentists of various specialties. Dedicated to current issues of laser dentistry. Developed taking into account world scientific and clinical practice, experimental, laboratory and clinical data obtained by the authors. This manual presents materials relating to modern ideas about the use of laser technology in dentistry, highlights modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, clinical cases are given.
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Kolpakov, Vasiliy. Economic and mathematical and econometric modeling: Computer workshop. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24417.

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The textbook presents mathematical research methods and models of economic objects and processes designed for the analysis and prediction of economic factors and develop control solutions as in the deterministic conditions, and in conditions of some uncertainty, and dynamics. Each Chapter of the book consists of a theoretical framework, discussed in detail several examples and tasks for independent work. As workbench simulation uses standard office the program Excel and Mathcad. Tutorial focused on independent performance of students individual tasks on disciplines "Economic-mathematical methods" and "Econometrics". Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation. The publication is intended for students and postgraduate students in economic disciplines. It can also be useful as they perform final qualifying works. The book will be useful for practitioners engaged in the analysis of the current financial and economic condition and future development of firms and businesses.
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Kaspina, Roza, and Lyubov' Plotnikova. Accounting and taxation of foreign economic activities of organizations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018339.

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The tutorial contains practical examples of organization and conducting accounting and tax accounting of foreign economic activity and the examples that reveal the specifics of foreign exchange operations. Given a multivariate system of control of knowledge of students with answers and solution algorithm is a full set of the Fund of assessment tools for current and intermediate control. Used active learning methods in the form of colloquiums, business games, discussions and other interactive forms. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Designed for students enrolled in our undergraduate and graduate students of economic universities. It can be useful to executives and managers of organizations, chief accountants and economists, auditors in their practical work, as presented in the textbook material allows to solve a dispute.
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SAVEL'EVA, Ekaterina. Economy and real estate management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/945341.

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The textbook examines the legal and financial aspects of the economy and real estate management, market analysis, real estate, investing (including project financing) and mortgage lending; the essence of development; principles and approaches to effective management of modern real estate, and also questions of technical exploitation and safety of buildings; current issues of taxation of real estate; methods of valuation of real estate. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Designed for undergraduate students enrolled in fields of study 38.03.01 "Economics" (profile "Economics and management of real estate and investments", "Economy and property management") and 38.03.02 "Management" (specialization "Management of real estate"), as well as for students of other specialties, post-graduate students, teachers, beginners appraisers, analysts, specialists in consulting and a wide range of readers interested in the status and development prospects of the real estate market.
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Hopcroft, Rosemary L., ed. Oxford Handbook of Evolution, Biology, and Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Evolution, Biology, and Society explores a growing area within sociology: research that uses theory and/or methods from biology. The essays in this handbook integrate current research from all strands of this new and developing area. The first section of this book has essays that address the history of the use of method and theory from biology in the social sciences; the second section has papers on evolutionary approaches to social psychology; the third section has chapters describing research on the interaction of genes (and other biochemicals such as hormones) and environmental contexts on a variety of outcomes of sociological interest; and the fourth section includes papers that apply evolutionary theory to areas of traditional concern to sociologists-including the family, fertility, sex and gender, religion, crime, and race and ethnic relations. The last section of the book presents two chapters on cultural evolution.
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Dolan, Paul, and Daniel Fujiwara. Happiness-Based Policy Analysis. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.9.

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Happiness data have an important role in policy. They can be used to monitor social progress over time in the same way that GDP figures are currently used. They can also be used in the subjective well-being valuation (SWV) approach to value nonmarket goods for the purposes of cost-benefit analysis, the primary policy evaluation tool in many governments. This chapter focuses on the latter of these two uses of happiness surveys, where a significant literature has grown over the last decade. It discusses the main problems associated with traditional valuation methods that rely on people’s preferences and the ways in which it has been suggested that SWV can overcome some of these difficulties. SWV also has its problems, and the chapter discusses these, provides suggestions for how results from SWV should be interpreted, and highlights where solutions to the problems in the SWV method have been proposed in the literature.
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Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger, and Eric Coissac. Environmental DNA. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.001.0001.

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Environmental DNA (eDNA), i.e. DNA released in the environment by any living form, represents a formidable opportunity to gather high-throughput and standard information on the distribution or feeding habits of species. It has therefore great potential for applications in ecology and biodiversity management. However, this research field is fast-moving, involves different areas of expertise and currently lacks standard approaches, which calls for an up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis. Environmental DNA for biodiversity research and monitoring covers current methods based on eDNA, with a particular focus on “eDNA metabarcoding”. Intended for scientists and managers, it provides the background information to allow the design of sound experiments. It revisits all steps necessary to produce high-quality metabarcoding data such as sampling, metabarcode design, optimization of PCR and sequencing protocols, as well as analysis of large sequencing datasets. All these different steps are presented by discussing the potential and current challenges of eDNA-based approaches to infer parameters on biodiversity or ecological processes. The last chapters of this book review how DNA metabarcoding has been used so far to unravel novel patterns of diversity in space and time, to detect particular species, and to answer new ecological questions in various ecosystems and for various organisms. Environmental DNA for biodiversity research and monitoring constitutes an essential reading for all graduate students, researchers and practitioners who do not have a strong background in molecular genetics and who are willing to use eDNA approaches in ecology and biomonitoring.
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Wynn, Gary H., and David M. Benedek. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0024.

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The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) throughout the United States and abroad has significantly increased in the past decade. CAM is relevant to trauma and stressor-related disorders given the frequency of use, but there is very limited evidence to support these treatment options. There is also currently no generally accepted list of what treatments constitute CAM, but only a number of generalized definitions that attempt to provide structure to the concept; therefore, a challenge facing providers will be familiarization with the broad range of modalities potentially considered CAM. This chapter uses a clinician focused definition of CAM: dividing CAM in to “complementary”, “alternative”, and “alternative delivery methods”. The first section, on complementary medicine, covers animal therapy, recreational therapy, yoga, creative arts therapy, and meditation. The second, on alternative therapies, describes alternative pharmacology and acupuncture. The last section provides a brief overview recent developments in alternative care delivery methods.
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Isendahl, Christian, and Daryl Stump, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Historical Ecology and Applied Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672691.001.0001.

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This volume presents theoretical discussions, methodological outlines, and case-studies describing the discursive overlap of the theoretical and methodological framework of historical ecology, and the emerging sub-discipline of applied archaeology. Historical ecology is based on the recognition that humans are not only capable of modifying their environments, but that all environments on earth have already been directly or indirectly modified. This includes anthropogenic climate change, widespread deforestations, and species extinctions, but also very local alterations, the effects of which may last a few years, or may have legacies lasting centuries or more. The volume presents a range of case-studies that highlight how modern environments and landscapes have been shaped by humans, and includes outlines of the methods we can use to better understand these changes. Authors include anthropologists, archaeologists, human geographers, and historians, all of whom are focussed not just on defining human impacts in the past, but on the ways that understanding these changes can help inform contemporary practices and development policies. Some present examples of how ancient or current societies have modified their environments in sustainable ways, while others highlight practices that had unintended long-term consequences. The possibility of learning from these practices are discussed, as is the potential of using the long history of human resource exploitation as a method for building or testing models of future change. Rather than merely acting as advocates for historical data, the chapters collected here also warn of the limitations of drawing simple lessons from the history of interactions between humans and their environments, and note that doing so is potentially just as damaging as ignoring these rich sources of data.
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Book chapters on the topic "Currents lasted method"

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Ascher, P. W. "Current Research Projects in Laser Neurosurgery." In Modern Methods in Neurosurgery, 7–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73294-2_2.

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Peterson, G. L., and C. D. Cantrell. "A Method of Laser Isotope Separation Using Adiabatic Inversion." In Topics in Current Physics, 215–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82292-6_7.

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Radek, Norbert, Jacek Pietraszek, Jozef Bronček, and Peter Fabian. "Properties of Steel Welded with CO2 Laser." In Current Methods of Construction Design, 571–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33146-7_65.

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Dervilis, N., A. E. Maguire, E. Papatheou, and K. Worden. "Wind Turbine Health Monitoring: Current and Future Trends with an Active Learning Twist." In Rotating Machinery, Hybrid Test Methods, Vibro-Acoustics & Laser Vibrometry, Volume 8, 119–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54648-3_13.

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Al-Dousari, Noor, Modi Ahmed, Ali Al-Dousari, Musaad Al-Daihani, and Murahib Al-Elaj. "Dust Particle Size and Statistical Parameters." In Atlas of Fallen Dust in Kuwait, 57–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66977-5_3.

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AbstractGrain ‘size’ can be specified and measured in several different ways. All methods of grain size determination have blemishes, and the choice of the most appropriate method is governed by the nature of the sample and the use to which the data are placed. Four main methods are currently used for size analysis of sands: (a) sieving; (b) settling tube analysis; (c) electro-optical methods, including Coulter Counter analysis and laser granulometry; and (d) computerized image analysis. The classification of the particle size distribution of Kuwait dust was mapped according to the parameters proposed by Folk And Ward (1957) which were widely used for quantitative comparisons between natural grain size distribution and the lognormal distribution that shows better sorted sediments have lower values of σ1. Maps of the distribution of dust in Kuwait were obtained that included: fine sand (F.S.), Coarse sand (C.S), Medium Sand (M.S), Very Fine Sane (V.F.S), Very Coarse Silt (V.C.Silt), Coarse Silt (C.Silt), Medium Silt (M.Silt), Fine Silt (F.Silt), Very Fine Silt (V.F.Silt), in addition to that, the deposition percentage of Clay, Sand, mud (silt plus clay) and silt were provided.
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Bosch-Roig, Pilar, and Patricia Sanmartín. "Bioremoval of Graffiti in the Context of Current Biocleaning Research." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 175–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_8.

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AbstractSome microorganisms can be used as bioremediation agents, in biocleaning treatments, to remove undesired sulphates, nitrates and organic matter from cultural heritage surfaces. Graffiti materials (mainly spray paints) are now included in the list of materials that can be biocleaned, with studies on this topic being initiated just over 5 years ago. Research on the bioremoval of graffiti is continuing and on a promising track. This chapter reports a critical analysis of studies of the bioremoval of graffiti carried out in recent years, which are compared with similar studies of the removal of salts (mainly nitrates and sulphates) and organic matter conducted in the last thirty years. Likewise, the present challenges and ways of overcoming them are addressed towards developing a complete protocol for the use of bioremediation to remove graffiti, with particular emphasis on the use of the method for cleaning facades and buildings.
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Fitch, N. J., and M. R. Tarbutt. "From Hot Beams to Trapped Ultracold Molecules: Motivations, Methods and Future Directions." In Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry, 491–516. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63963-1_22.

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AbstractOver the past century, the molecular beam methods pioneered by Otto Stern have advanced our knowledge and understanding of the world enormously. Stern and his colleagues used these new techniques to measure the magnetic dipole moments of fundamental particles with results that challenged the prevailing ideas in fundamental physics at that time. Similarly, recent measurements of fundamental electric dipole moments challenge our present day theories of what lies beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Measurements of the electron’s electric dipole moment (eEDM) rely on the techniques invented by Stern and later developed by Rabi and Ramsey. We give a brief review of this historical development and the current status of eEDM measurements. These experiments, and many others, are likely to benefit from ultracold molecules produced by laser cooling. We explain how laser cooling can be applied to molecules, review recent progress in this field, and outline some eagerly anticipated applications.
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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Isotopic Techniques to Measure N2O, N2 and Their Sources." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 213–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_7.

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AbstractGHGemissions are usually the result of several simultaneous processes. Furthermore, some gases such as N2 are very difficult to quantify and require special techniques. Therefore, in this chapter, the focus is on stable isotopemethods. Both natural abundance techniques and enrichment techniques are used. Especially in the last decade, a number of methodological advances have been made. Thus, this chapter provides an overview and description of a number of current state-of-the-art techniques, especially techniques using the stable isotope15N. Basic principles and recent advances of the 15N gasflux method are presented to quantify N2 fluxes, but also the latest isotopologue and isotopomermethods to identify pathways for N2O production. The second part of the chapter is devoted to 15N tracing techniques, the theoretical background and recent methodological advances. A range of different methods is presented from analytical to numerical tools to identify and quantify pathway-specific N2O emissions. While this chapter is chiefly concerned with gaseous N emissions, a lot of the techniques can also be applied to other gases such as methane (CH4), as outlined in Sect. 10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_5#Sec12.
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Poetschke, Julian, and Gerd G. Gauglitz. "Treatment of Immature Scars: Evidence-Based Techniques and Treatments." In Textbook on Scar Management, 193–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_22.

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AbstractSevere scarring is known for causing severe functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impairments. During the last years, treatment of mature scars has evolved significantly; however, researchers and clinicians are more and more focused on preventing excessive scarring altogether, thus avoiding long and strenuous treatment. While some forms of scar prevention have been known and used for decades, others are relatively new and have yet to prove themselves. Pressure garments have long been successfully used in widespread burn scar prevention. However, reduced compliance, large treatment costs, and little hard evidence are points that should be taken into consideration regarding this well-established form of treatment. Silicone gel sheeting has also been used for a long time, and it is well regarded for its efficacy in reducing scar height and improving pliability while boasting little side effects. Its mode of action, however, remains unclear. Recently, lasers have become a new focus in the effort to prevent pathological scarring. Here, the older pulsed dye laser, as well as newer, fractional ablative and nonablative lasers, is increasingly employed for the treatment of fresh scars, where initial research is showing significant promise.This chapter explores the currently available methods for scar prevention and examines their application and the evidence regarding their efficacy.
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Nemova, Galina. "Magnetic Fields of Circular Current Loop." In Field Guide to Laser Cooling Methods. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2538938.ch37.

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Conference papers on the topic "Currents lasted method"

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Kitazawa, Daisuke, Yoichi Mizukami, Masaaki Isobe, Hiromi Kinoshita, Mamoru Hirayama, Satoshi Ikeda, and Yoto Takeuchi. "Tank Model Testing of a Fish-Cage Flotation/Submersion System Using Flexible Hoses." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50240.

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A fish-cage flotation/submersion system using flexible hoses is proposed to achieve horizontally stable floating and sinking motions. Waterproof flexible hoses are inserted into polyethylene pipes installed at the top of the frame of the fish cage. These hoses flatten when they are devoid of air and water as the fish cage is submerged. The injection of high-pressure air regenerates buoyancy and enables the fish cage to rise in the water. The advantage of this system is the uniform, circumferential generation of buoyancy at the top of the frame, which suppresses inclination of the fish cage and concomitant deformation of the flexible chemical fiber nets. Tank model testing was carried out to examine the inclination and the floating velocity of the fish cage. Tauchi’s similarity law was applied to make a 1/30 model of the full-scale fish cage. The tank model of the fish cage was installed in the ocean engineering basin at the University of Tokyo, and it was made to float and sink in water with and without currents. The inclination and position of the fish cage were measured using video camera images. As a result, the proposed fish cage was observed to float stably in still water in contrast to systems based on the existing method. When subjected to water currents, the new fish cage inclined by a maximum of 18° just after leaving the bottom; the inclination was reduced with further ascension. The ratio of buoyancy to gravity, the rate of air injection, and the arrangement of the flexible hoses should be optimized to achieve a more stable motion. The floating velocity for the rising fish cage in still water was then analyzed. The drag coefficient of the fish cage, as calculated from experimental data, corresponded to that estimated from a structural analysis of the fish cage. Analysis projected accelerated motion for 0.02 s after the fish cage rose from the bottom, while acceleration lasted a few seconds in the tank model test. This is because uniformly accelerated motion was assumed in the analysis, while the acceleration actually varies from zero to a constant acceleration, because of the difference between gravity and the varying buoyancy of the flexible hoses.
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Orazi, Leonardo, Alessandro Fortunato, Giovanni Tani, Giampaolo Campana, Alessandro Ascari, and Gabriele Cuccolini. "A New Computationally Efficient Method in Laser Hardening Modeling." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72501.

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Laser hardening is a laser assisted process devoted to the surface hardening of the mechanical components. This process is highly suitable for medium carbon steels with carbon content comprised between 0.2 – 0.6% or for low alloy steels which are usually surface hardened during their manufacturing process. Laser hardening technology is gaining a great industrial interest in the last years in fact, the possibility of integrating the heating source directly on the production line, together with the absence of the quenching medium, meets the production needs of modern industries. Laser hardening optimization could be complex especially when tempering due to multiple passes effects must be considered. Many research studies have been proposed in the last years aimed at predicting the optimal laser process parameters such as beam power density, beam velocity and scanning strategies. Many Authors agree with the assumption that the whole austenite resulting from the heating is transformed into martensite during the quenching. This is a valid approximation for single pass but could be a rough hypothesis in multiple-passes when the cooling rate could be not so high. Moreover hysteresis phenomena, due to the severe heat cycle occurring in laser hardening, should be taken into account for pearlite to austenite and martensite to austenite transformations during heating and for martensite tempering during multiple passes. In this paper the crucial problems to be faced regarding laser surface hardening modeling are discussed with respect to current literature. In particular, partial austenitization of the pearlite is suggested as a solution of the hardness prediction of the profile depth. Then three transformation parameters are proposed in order to take into account the hysteresis phenomena in martensite and pearlite transformations into austenite and in martensite tempering. Finally several experimental examples are proposed in order to validate the mentioned assumptions.
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Kidd, Andrew K., Colin A. Pirrie, Paul D. Culling, and Clifford R. Weatherup. "A Method Of Rapidly Terminating The Current Pulses Applied To Recombination Lasers." In OE/LASE '89, edited by Tom R. Burkes and G. Glen McDuff. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.951333.

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Shuang, Zhang, Guo Shuxu, and Gao Fengli. "A Novel Method to Estimate Current Leakage of Laser Diodes." In 2007 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2007.4350480.

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Narayan, Dr S. K. "Re-developing, Of Farm Athenaeum And Materialize Automation: Ultimatum And Occasion." In CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: CURRENT ISSUES, ACHIEVEMENTS AND INNOVATIONS. The USA Journals, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/iscrc-intconf01-01.

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The conventional method of running library administrations in horticultural athenaeum is by all accounts over at this point. The principle explanations behind this is by all accounts the mix of negative development in financing, increment in costs of horticultural data assets and important interests in innovation, human asset improvement and expanding desire for the clients. Rural athenaeum of SAUs and ICAR organizations have encountered these issues during last 8-10 years. Working with less financing during these years have prompted the undoing of a portion of the farming assets.
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Lubnin, E. N., G. N. Mikhailova, Alexander M. Prokhorov, A. S. Seferov, A. V. Troitskii, D. G. Andrianov, and S. O. Klimonskii. "Electric-current-stimulated diffusion of heavy ions and oxygen in YBCO (123) and Bi (2223) HTCS films at 4.2 -300 K." In Laser Methods of Surface Treatment and Modification: ALT '94 International Conference, edited by Alexander M. Prokhorov and Vladimir I. Pustovoy. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.203616.

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Zhao, Fan, Delu Chen, Zhe Pu, and Jielu Wang. "A New Research Method for Corrosion Defect in Metal Pipeline by Using Pulsed Eddy Current." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21322.

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Abstract Pulsed eddy current (PEC) is a new technique to distinguish corrosion defeats inside and outside the metal pipeline. In comparison with other eddy current techniques, the PEC technique has the advantage of being simple and high velocity. In this article, a brand-new PEC probe based on differential conductivity is established through the combination of modules like square wave generator, eddy current coil bridge, differential current, voltage sample circuits and so on. The 50% duty cycle square wave is used as the driving signal. To measure differential conductance, a coil bridge configuration with two legs is adopted. One leg is composed of measurement eddy current coil and the in-series resistor, and the other is reference eddy current coil and the in-series resistor. Because the two legs go through defects in pipeline non-synchronously, there is a differential conductance between the two coils. A trans-impedance amplify circuit is used to detect coil eddy current. At the same time, two amplifiers are used to measure the differential voltage between the two coils. A 14 bit ADC is used to sample differential voltage, measurement and reference eddy currents which transferred to differential current by main processor Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD). CPLD is used to get differential conductance by differential current divide differential voltage. At last the eddy current signal sampling sequence is developed. A dynamic testing fixture with artificial defects carved on the pipeline is used to validate PEC probe’s accuracy. The differential conductance signals were displayed on the oscilloscope. Results showed that the inside defect had two peaks, positive peak and negative peak, but the outside defect only had one positive peak. We can conclude that the brand-new PEC probe has high accuracy in distinguishing the inside and outside defects.
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Takhirov, Shakhzod, Amir Gilani, Brian Quigley, and Liliya Myagkova. "DETAILED NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A HISTORIC BUILDING BASED ON ITS CURRENT CONDITION CAPTURED BY LASER SCANS AND MATERAIL TESTS." In 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120117.5569.18551.

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Yubo, Yue, Chen Dianren, Li Xingguang, and Chen Lei. "Research on a New Type Design Method of Laser Diode Current Source." In 2009 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iita.2009.453.

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MIKUŠOVÁ, Beáta, Nikoleta JAKUŠ, and Marián HOLÚBEK. "Voluntary cooperation of citizens in the community model of public service delivery." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-9.

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Most of the developed countries have implemented new principles of public sector reform – new approaches to the management of the public sector. A major feature of the new public management (NPM) is the introduction of market type mechanisms (MTM) to the running of public service organizations: the marketization of the public service. The marketization of public services aims at a continuous increase in public expenditure efficiency, continual improvements in public services quality, the implementation of the professional management tools in the public sector, and last but not least, charge for public services. Price of public services in mainstream economics theory is connected with preference revelation problem. Economic models explain the relationship between consumer behavior (revealed preferences) and the value of public goods, and thus determine the value of the goods themselves. The aim of the paper is to determine the success of the community model of public service delivery based on the demonstrated preferences of individuals in the consumption of public services / public goods. The direct way of determining the preferences of individuals was used in this paper (willigness to pay and willigness to accept). These preferences will be identified based on the crowdfunding campaign as an example of community model of public goods provision by using survey experiment method. The willingness of individuals to pay is dependent on the individual's relationship with the organisation, the organisation's employees, or sympathise with those for whom the collection is, for whom the project is designed.
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Reports on the topic "Currents lasted method"

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Wright, Kirsten. Collecting Plant Phenology Data In Imperiled Oregon White Oak Ecosystems: Analysis and Recommendations for Metro. Portland State University, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.64.

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Highly imperiled Oregon white oak ecosystems are a regional conservation priority of numerous organizations, including Oregon Metro, a regional government serving over one million people in the Portland area. Previously dominant systems in the Pacific Northwest, upland prairie and oak woodlands are now experiencing significant threat, with only 2% remaining in the Willamette Valley in small fragments (Hulse et al. 2002). These fragments are of high conservation value because of the rich biodiversity they support, including rare and endemic species, such as Delphinium leucophaeum (Oregon Department of Agriculture, 2020). Since 2010, Metro scientists and volunteers have collected phenology data on approximately 140 species of forbs and graminoids in regional oak prairie and woodlands. Phenology is the study of life-stage events in plants and animals, such as budbreak and senescence in flowering plants, and widely acknowledged as a sensitive indicator of environmental change (Parmesan 2007). Indeed, shifts in plant phenology have been observed over the last few decades as a result of climate change (Parmesan 2006). In oak systems, these changes have profound implications for plant community composition and diversity, as well as trophic interactions and general ecosystem function (Willis 2008). While the original intent of Metro’s phenology data-collection was to track long-term phenology trends, limitations in data collection methods have made such analysis difficult. Rather, these data are currently used to inform seasonal management decisions on Metro properties, such as when to collect seed for propagation and when to spray herbicide to control invasive species. Metro is now interested in fine-tuning their data-collection methods to better capture long-term phenology trends to guide future conservation strategies. Addressing the regional and global conservation issues of our time will require unprecedented collaboration. Phenology data collected on Metro properties is not only an important asset for Metro’s conservation plan, but holds potential to support broader research on a larger scale. As a leader in urban conservation, Metro is poised to make a meaningful scientific contribution by sharing phenology data with regional and national organizations. Data-sharing will benefit the common goal of conservation and create avenues for collaboration with other scientists and conservation practitioners (Rosemartin 2013). In order to support Metro’s ongoing conservation efforts in Oregon white oak systems, I have implemented a three-part master’s project. Part one of the project examines Metro’s previously collected phenology data, providing descriptive statistics and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the methods by which the data were collected. Part two makes recommendations for improving future phenology data-collection methods, and includes recommendations for datasharing with regional and national organizations. Part three is a collection of scientific vouchers documenting key plant species in varying phases of phenology for Metro’s teaching herbarium. The purpose of these vouchers is to provide a visual tool for Metro staff and volunteers who rely on plant identification to carry out aspects of their job in plant conservation. Each component of this project addresses specific aspects of Metro’s conservation program, from day-to-day management concerns to long-term scientific inquiry.
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Qamhia, Issam, and Erol Tutumluer. Review of Improved Subgrade and Stabilized Subbases to Evaluate Performance of Concrete Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-016.

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This report presents findings on the evaluation of foundation layers under concrete pavements in the state of Illinois. It also provides recommendations and scenarios where unbound granular layers can be safely used under concrete pavements as economical and well-performing subbase layers. The current practice and mechanistic design methods for constructing concrete pavements in Illinois was first evaluated, including historical studies that led to the current design procedures and policies. The performance of concrete pavements with unbound granular layers in Illinois were then evaluated, and several case studies of well-performing concrete pavements with granular subbases, high traffic levels, and low distress levels and severity were realized. Next, the practices of surrounding states were evaluated, and several Midwest states, i.e., Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Michigan, were found to regularly use unbound granular layers under concrete pavements with no issues. A literature review on the most recent requirements and recommendations for designing granular subbases under concrete pavements was then presented. It is concluded that subbase layers under concrete pavements are mainly used to provide uniform support and prevent pumping. Based on the case study evaluations and literature, a stable, drainable, and durable daylighted granular subbase design is recommended for traffic factors up to 10.0. Stability is ensured by limiting the ratio of gravel-to-sand fractions in the aggregate mix between 1.3 and 1.9. Drainability requirements can be met by limiting the percentage of fines passing the No. 200 sieve (0.075 mm) to 4% and by checking the quality of drainage is at least fair based on the time required to drain 50% of the water. Lastly, a geotextile fabric is recommended for use below the granular subbase for separation to ensure drainability throughout design life.
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