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1
Nasi, Enrico, and Maria Gomez. "Electrophysiological recordings in solitary photoreceptors from the retina of squid, Loligo pealei." Visual Neuroscience 8, no. 4 (April 1992): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800005083.
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AbstractA protocol was developed to isolate enzymatically photoreceptors from the retina of the squid, Loligo pealei. The procedure routinely results in a high yield of intact cells. Examination of solitary photoreceptors under Nomarski optics revealed that the fine morphological features described in anatomical studies of retinal sections are retained. The distal segment is up to 250 μm long, 4–7 μm wide, covered in part by short microvilli; the inner segment and the cell body, with the initial portion of the axon, are also clearly discernible in solitary cells. Suction electrode measurements performed from the cell body confirmed that responsiveness to light survived cell isolation. Macroscopic membrane currents were measured using the whole-cell tight-seal technique, and the perforated-patch method. Step depolarizations of membrane voltage administered in the dark elicited a slowly activating, sustained outward current. Light stimulation evoked an inward current graded with stimulus intensity; the peak current could amply exceed 1000 pA. Intense photostimulation gave rise to a prolonged inward aftercurrent that lasted for tens of seconds. On-cell patch recording along the intermediate segment and most of the smooth areas of the distal segment showed a large incidence of silent patches, with the occasional presence of voltage-dependent channels. On the other hand, channel activity could be recorded more frequently from electrode placements near the apical tip of the cell, where the presence of microvilli could be confirmed visually. Some patches were unresponsive to voltage Stimulation applied in the dark but produced distinct bursts of channel openings after illumination. The feasibility of single-cell electrophysiology in isolated photoreceptors, together with the growing body of biochemical information on cephalopod preparations, makes squid an attractive model system to investigate the visual process in invertebrates using multiple experimental approaches.
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Nguyen, Tyler, Zoe Vriesman, Peter Andrews, Sehban Masood, M. Stewart, Sakhrat Khizroev, and Xiaoming Jin. "4009 Magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) cobalt ferrite-barrium titanate (CoFe2O4–BaTiO3) for non-invasive neuromodulation." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.78.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our goal is to develop a non-invasive stimulation technique using magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) for inducing and enhancing neuronal activity with high spatial and temporal resolutions and minimal toxicity, which can potentially be used as a more effective approach to brain stimulation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: MENs compose of core-shell structures that are attracted to strong external magnetic field (~5000 Gauss) but produces electric currents with weaker magnetic field (~450 Gauss). MENs were IV treated into mice and drawn to the brain cortex with a strong magnetic field. We then stimulate MENs with a weaker magnetic field via electro magnet. With two photon calcium imaging, we investigated both the temporal and spatial effects of MENs on neuronal activity both in vivo and in vitro. We performed mesoscopic whole brain calcium imaging on awake animal to assess the MENs effects. Furthermore, we investigated the temporal profile of MENs in the vasculatures post-treatment and its toxicities to CNS. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: MENs were successfully localized to target cortical regions within 30 minutes of magnetic application. After wirelessly applying ~450 G magnetic field between 10-20 Hz, we observed a dramatic increase of calcium signals (i.e. neuronal excitability) both in vitro cultured neurons and in vivo treated animals. Whole brain imaging of awake mice showed a focal increase in calcium signals at the area where MENs localized and the signals spread to regions further away. We also found MENs stimulatory effects lasted up to 24 hours post treatment. MEN stimulation increases c-Fos expression but resulted in no inflammatory changes, up to one week, by assessing microglial or astrocytes activations. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our study shows, through controlling the applied magnetic field, MENs can be focally delivered to specific cortical regions with high efficacy and wirelessly activated neurons with high spatial and temporal resolution. This method shows promising potential to be a new non-invasive brain modulation approach disease studies and treatments.
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Salehi, Hadi, Ali Shahpari, and Aliasghar Ahmadishokouh. "The Effects of Input Enhancement Techniques on ESP Learners' Microgenetic Development of Conjunction Production." Journal of Practical Studies in Education 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v1i1.8.
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Microgenetic design or microgenetic method is a scientific method in which the same setting is studied repeatedly in order toobserve possible changes in details. Reviewing the current literature, one can conclude that microgenetic methods havepositive effects of learning in general and language learning in particular. The main objective of the current study was toinvestigate the possible effects of implementing input enhancement techniques using microgenetic methods, on Iranian ESPlearners' conjunction production. To this end, a number of 40 Iranian ESP learners were participated in the study. During thefour-week period of the current study, the participants received the instructions and treatment, two sessions a week and eachsession lasted for an hour. After administering the pre-test before the instruction, using input enhancement techniques, anumber of the conjunctions were presented and taught to the learners in the first session. The data were collected afterinstructional sessions during the first, third, fifth, and seventh weeks through paragraphs focusing on conjunction productionwritten by the participants. The results indicated that, in the course of time, input enhancement techniques using microgeneticmethods, significantly affect Iranian ESP learners' conjunction production.
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Segal, Michael M., and Andrea F. Douglas. "Late Sodium Channel Openings Underlying Epileptiform Activity Are Preferentially Diminished by the Anticonvulsant Phenytoin." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 3021–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3021.
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Segal, Michael M. and Andrea F. Douglas. Late sodium channel openings underlying epileptiform activity are preferentially diminished by the anticonvulsant phenytoin. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 3021–3034, 1997. Late openings of sodium channels were observed in outside-out patch recordings from hippocampal neurons in culture. In previous studies of such neurons, a persistent sodium current appeared to underlie the ictal epileptiform activity. All the channel currents were blocked by tetrodotoxin. In addition to the transient openings of sodium channels making up the peak sodium current, there were two types of late channel openings: brief late and burst openings. These late channel openings occurred throughout voltage pulses that lasted 750 ms, producing a persistent sodium current. At −30 mV, this current was 0.4% of the peak current. The late channel openings occurred throughout the physiological range of trans-membrane voltages. The anticonvulsant phenytoin reduced the late channel openings more than the peak currents. The effect on the persistent current was greatest at more depolarized voltages, whereas the effect on peak currents was not substantially voltage dependent. In the presence of 60 μM phenytoin, peak sodium currents at −30 mV were 40–41% of control, as calculated using different methods of analysis. Late currents were 22–24% of control. Phenytoin primarily decreased the number of channel openings, with less effect on the duration of channel openings and no effect on open channel current. This set of findings is consistent with models in which phenytoin binds to the inactivated state of the channel. The preferential effect of phenytoin on the persistent sodium current suggests that an important pharmacological mechanism for a sodium channel anticonvulsant is to reduce late openings of sodium channels, rather than reducing all sodium channel openings. We hypothesize that pharmacological interventions that are most selective in reducing late openings of sodium channels, while leaving early channel openings relatively intact, will be those that produce an anticonvulsant effect while interfering minimally with normal function.
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MacIver, M. Bruce, Helen M. Bronte-Stewart, Jaimie M. Henderson, Richard A. Jaffe, and John G. Brock-Utne. "Human Subthalamic Neuron Spiking Exhibits Subtle Responses to Sedatives." Anesthesiology 115, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3182217126.
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Background During deep brain stimulation implant surgery, microelectrode recordings are used to map the location of targeted neurons. The effects produced by propofol or remifentanil on discharge activity of subthalamic neurons were studied intraoperatively to determine whether they alter neuronal activity. Methods Microelectrode recordings from 11 neurons, each from individual patients, were discriminated and analyzed before and after administration of either propofol or remifentanil. Subthalamic neurons in rat brain slices were recorded in patch-clamp to investigate cellular level effects. Results Neurons discharged at 42 ± 9 spikes/s (mean ± SD) and showed a common pattern of inhibition that lasted 4.3 ms. Unique discharge profiles were evident for each neuron, seen using joint-interval analysis. Propofol (intravenous bolus 0.3 mg/kg) produced sedation, with minor effects on discharge activity (less than 2.0% change in frequency). A prolongation of recurrent inhibition was evident from joint-interval analysis, and propofol's effect peaked within 2 min, with recovery evident at 10 min. Subthalamic neurons recorded in rat brain slices exhibited inhibitory synaptic currents that were prolonged by propofol (155%) but appeared to lack tonic inhibitory currents. Propofol did not alter membrane potential, membrane resistance, current-evoked discharge, or holding current during voltage clamp. Remifentanil (0.05 mg/kg) had little effect on overall subthalamic neuron discharge activity and did not prolong recurrent inhibition. Conclusions These results help to characterize the circuit properties and feedback inhibition of subthalamic neurons and demonstrate that both propofol and remifentanil produce only minor alterations of subthalamic neuron discharge activity that should not interfere with deep brain stimulation implant surgery.
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Kozyrev, N. A., R. A. Shevchenko, S. N. Krat’ko, R. E. Kryukov, and A. R. Mikhno. "Elaboration of a technology of long rail lashes production without induction heat treatment application." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 4 (May 18, 2019): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-4-488-497.
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Welding butts of rail lashes after resistance butt-welding are subjected to heat treatment to eliminate heat-affected zones. At present facilities of induction heating are used in Russia for the heat treatment and compressed air as a quenching media. However, this method of quenching has significant drawbacks, including appearance of new heat-affected zones at the local heating of the welded butts, deterioration of the welded butts’ straightness after cooling. Shlatter Company proposed a solution of this problem by application of the process of resistance butt-welding by rails fusion. Theoretical calculations and laboratory studies of the thermal cycle of rail steel samples welding were made in the Siberian State Industrial University, which showed a principal possibility of this method application under industrial conditions. The method assumes after the welded butt settling and cooling to keep the preset temperature from the moment of its reaching by passing alternative electric current pulses through the welded butt. The temperature of exposure is selected based on obtaining necessary fine grain seam metal structure. The duration of exposure is determined by latency period of the structure formation and is controlled by the number of current pulses. The carried out industrial experiments at the МСР-6301 resistance butt welding machine resulted in determining parameters of cooling time after settling, heating and cooling after the heating, as well as the number of heating pulses. A method of resistance butt welding was tested, enabling to obtain the welded joint of details of the P65 ДТ350 category rail steel. The welded joint had mechanical properties exceeding technical requirements of СТО РЖД 1.08.002–2009 specifications.
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Oliveira Junior, Adilson Sanches de, Bruno Braga Roberto, Mario Lenza, Guilherme Figueiredo Pintan, Benno Ejnisman, Breno Schor, Eduardo da Frota Carrera, and Joel Murachovsky. "Preferences of orthopedic surgeons for treating midshaft clavicle fracture in adults." Einstein (São Paulo) 15, no. 3 (September 2017): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082017ao4043.
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ABSTRACT Objective To determine the current clinical practice in Latin America for treating midshaft clavicle fractures, including surgical and non-surgical approaches. Methods A cross-sectional study using a descriptive questionnaire. Shoulder and elbow surgeons from the Brazilian Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery and from the Latin American Society of Shoulder and Elbow were contacted and asked to complete a short questionnaire (SurveyMonkey®) on the management of midshaft fractures of the clavicle. Incomplete or inconsistent answers were excluded. Results The type of radiographic classification preferably used was related to description of fracture morphology, according to 41% of participants. Allman classification ranked second and was used by 24.1% of participants. As to indications for surgical treatment, only the indications with shortening and imminence of skin exposure were statistically significant. Conservative treatment was chosen in cortical contact. Regarding immobilization method, the simple sling was preferred, and treatment lasted from 4 to 6 weeks. Although the result was not statistically significant, the blocked plate was the preferred option in surgical cases. Conclusion The treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures in Latin America is in accordance with the current literature.
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Maksimov, S. K., and V. N. Kukin. "Electron Microscopy investigations of buried Si3N4 isolation layers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176344.
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Formation of buried Si3N4 layers obtained by using repeated cycles of implantation and annealing has been investigated. Structure investigations were made with the use of a CM30 Twin electron microscope (whose diaphragm is 0.18 nm-1 ). In HREM studies, axial micrographs in Si reflections of the 000, 111 and 220 types were employed. Two types of samples were used: "plane view" samples and those of a "cross section". Si3N4 precipitates were identified by application of the EELS method on the LN and Lsiedges.N+ - ions were implanted into silicon wafers (of p-type, (001), 10 Ω cm) at a room temperature- The dose pf ions implanted in each cycle was 5.1010 cm-2 . The total dose was 5.1017 cm-2 , The energy of ions - 150 keV, the current density of the ion beam 25 μA/cm-2 . Annealing in the atmosphere of nitrogen was made at 1100° C which lasted 2 hours after the first cycle of implantation; in the other cycles it lasted 0.5 hours at 850° C. After the operation of ion beam synthesis was completed a silicon epitaxial layer 0.8-1 μm thick was grown.
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Kao, Chun-Chieh, and Yu-Jy Luo. "Effects of Multimedia-Assisted Learning on Learning Behaviors and Student Knowledge in Physical Education Lessons: Using Basketball Game Recording as an Example." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 01 (January 15, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i01.11393.
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The purpose of this study was to create a multimedia learning environment for use in PE lessons and to determine the effects of a traditional learning environment versus a multimedia learning environment on students’ learning behaviors and knowledge. This study had a pretest–posttest quasiexperimental design. The control and experimental groups comprised students at a Taiwanese university who were taught using the traditional teaching method (TT group; 48 students) and TMA (TMA group; 47 students). The pretest and posttest comprised the Learning Behavior Scale in Physical Education and a test questionnaire that assessed the students’ knowledge of basketball game recording methods through 32 multiple-choice questions. The teaching procedure lasted 4 weeks and covered various aspects of the rules of basketball, including the methods of recording basketball game scores. Differences between the groups were determined using various statistical tests. The students’ learning behaviors and knowledge of basketball recording methods were discovered to be significantly improved in both groups at the posttest. However, the TMA group outperformed the TT group, enhancing the students’ learning behaviors and knowledge to a greater degree. Overall, a combination of TT and TMA may have the most beneficial effect on students’ cognition and learning. Teachers should take their students’ current cognitive development into consideration when designing course materials.
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Schimidt, Teresa Cristina Gioia, Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte, and Maria Julia Paes da Silva. "Mediate evaluation of replicating a Training Program in Nonverbal Communication in Gerontology." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 49, no. 2 (April 2015): 0309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420150000200017.
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OBJECTIVE Replicating the training program in non-verbal communication based on the theoretical framework of interpersonal communication; non-verbal coding, valuing the aging aspects in the perspective of active aging, checking its current relevance through the content assimilation index after 90 days (mediate) of its application. METHOD A descriptive and exploratory field study was conducted in three hospitals under direct administration of the state of São Paulo that caters exclusively to Unified Health System (SUS) patients. The training lasted 12 hours divided in three meetings, applied to 102 health professionals. RESULTS Revealed very satisfactory and satisfactory mediate content assimilation index in 82.9%. CONCLUSION The program replication proved to be relevant and updated the setting of hospital services, while remaining efficient for healthcare professionals.
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Požárek, Petr, and Jiří Suchý. "Vliv funkčního australského tréninku na aerobní parametry hráčů ledního hokeje." Studia sportiva 7, no. 2 (December 2, 2013): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2013-2-4.
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The aim of the case study is to analyse the effects of a 10-week fitness Function Australian Training (FAT) off- ice. The research was conducted with 23 professional ice hockey players (n = 23], members of the ice hockey league club HC Mountfield České Budějovice. The FAT method strives to complement existing training methods of selected current knowledge and approaches to ice hockey fitness training. The authors express a positive opinion on this method and describe its advantages especially in relation to reducing muscle imbalances and effect on muscle strength, dynamics and persistence of participating probands. The FAT was primarily focused on explosive strength and power endurance of main body segments with additional exercises to stimulate anaerobic and aerobic performance. The probands underwent a spiroergometric testing on the Quasar running ergometer, followed by measurement of body composition using BIA 2000 and another testing on the bioimpedance device Tanita in order to verify the contribution of FAT. The input and output testing proceeded under laboratory constant conditions on the premises of the UK FTVS in Prague. The quasi experiment lasted for ten weeks. The obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of this training programme by increasing aerobic performance, which has proven the average value of VO2max 55,89 ml.kg.min-1at the input testing. The output testing has showed the averagevalue of VO2max 58,67 ml.kg.min-1.
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Kärkkäinen, Sirpa, Anu Hartikainen-Ahia, Anna-Liisa Elorinne, Johanna Hokkanen, and Katri Hämeen-Anttila. "Adolescents’ learning and experiences of solving the need for dietary supplementation through socioscientific issue (SSI) method." Health Education 119, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-01-2019-0002.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the socioscientific issue (SSI) method as a way of improving seventh graders’ nutrition know-how on dietary supplements (DS), and to describe how students experience learning nutritional issues through the SSI method.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were seventh graders from three different classes (n=43). Health education intervention lasted 7 h and it embodied the three-staged model: the scenario, the inquiry and the decision-making stages. The study was qualitative in nature. The data were collected through a questionnaire before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using summative content analysis.FindingsIntervention tended to deepen students’ know-how on vitamins and rational use of DS. Students’ experiences of learning nutritional issues through the SSI method were generally positive. The scenario stage was considered current and authentic. The inquiry stage and decision-making stage helped in understanding the societal connections between the study task and the rational use of DS.Practical implicationsSSI method enhances students’ knowledge about the rational use of DS. E-learning environment gave students possibilities to work collaboratively. Especially, possibilities to discuss with peers and share own experiences supported learning.Originality/valueTo solve the need of dietary supplements (DS) is a complex nutritional issue for society and for individuals. Since consumption of special diets has increased among adolescents, the rational consumption of DS is relevant and interesting learning topic at secondary school.
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Barker, Allen V., and Randall G. Prostak. "Alternative Management of Roadside Vegetation." HortTechnology 19, no. 2 (January 2009): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.2.346.
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Management of vegetation is an important element of roadside maintenance for safety and aesthetics. Current methods of management by highway departments principally involve mowing and the use of conventional, chemical herbicides. This research addressed use of herbicides (citric acid, clove oil, corn gluten meal, and pelargonic acid) that are considered as alternatives to conventional herbicides and the use of mechanical treatments of woodchip and bark mulches and burning. These alternative methods were compared with the use of conventional herbicides to assess the relative efficacy of treatments on roadside sites. A single application of pelargonic acid demonstrated immediate or short-term suppression of growth of vegetation; however, the efficacy lasted for no more than 6 weeks, after which regrowth was not distinguishable from untreated vegetation. Repeated applications of pelargonic acid will be necessary for season-long efficacy. Formulations of citric-acetic acid gave no control or only weak suppression of vegetative growth soon after application, and no suppression was evident after 6 weeks, suggesting that these materials have only limited use in roadside environments. The effects of burning lasted for about 6 weeks. No suppression of growth of roadside vegetation occurred with the use of corn gluten meal, which acted as a nitrogen fertilizer to promote growth. Mulches of bark or woodchips were strongly suppressive against emerging vegetation for 2 years, but were more effective in the first year than in the second year after application. The costs of materials and labor for the alternative practices were substantially more than for the conventional herbicides used in this study.
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Wogu, Joseph Oluchukwu, Christiana Ogeri Chukwu, Joel Chinedum Ugwuoke, Chinyere Christiana Ugwulor-Onyinyechi, and Chukwuemeka Ononuju Nwankiti. "Impact of Media Breast Cancer Awareness Campaign on the Health Behaviour of Women in Southeast Nigeria." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 5 (April 8, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n5p79.
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Objectives: The goals of the paper are to find out if there is any relationship between breast cancer preventive/curative measures and the contents of media campaign against it; ascertain if the media campaign established a high level of awareness among women; and examine the relationship between breast cancer awareness and the practice of preventive/curative behaviours.
Subjects & Methods: The paper adopts a cross-sectional survey method that involves primary and secondary methods of data collection. Structured questionnaire was used to collect responses from women in relation to questions raised while published materials such as relevant books, journal articles, conference and workshop papers, and internet materials were reviewed to ascertain the current level and dimensions of research findings in the field across the world. Review of literature lasted for 8 weeks while distribution and collection of questionnaire lasted for 5 weeks. The study area is Southeast Nigeria, which comprises the five Igbo speaking states of Nigeria. A sample of 1000 women was randomly selected from markets, churches, schools, and civil service in the capitals of these states, i.e. Abakiliki, Awka, Enugu, Owerri, and Umuahia for the distribution of the structured questionnaire.200 questionnaires were distributed in each of the five study areas using multi stage random sampling technique with the aid of three research assistants. Their responses were tabulated and analysed using descriptive statistics in the SPSS version 20.0 tools.
Results: Results reveal a high level of breast cancer awareness although only 31.2% learnt of it through media campaign; the awareness did not orchestrate health behaviour modification among the respondents; while lack of appropriate knowledge of breast cancer disease, lack of fund and high cost of cancer treatment, and absence of accessible treatment facilities are the cause.
Conclusion: Media campaign against breast cancer in the Southeast Nigeria is deficient in terms of scope, reach, and contents. Secondly, poor standard of living and lack of appropriate corporate response to campaign and treatment of the disease are major problems. Therefore, modification of media contents and campaign programmes, together with government assisted breast cancer treatment mechanisms are recommended.
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Magagna, William, Nicole Wang, and Kyle Peck. "Current and Future Trends in Life Sciences Training: Questionnaire Study." JMIR Medical Education 6, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): e15877. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15877.
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Background Every year, the life science field spends billions of dollars on educational activities worldwide. The continuing professional development of employees, especially in this field, encompasses great challenges. Emerging technologies appear to offer opportunity, but relatively little research has been done on the effectiveness of pedagogies and tools that have been used in the life sciences, and even less research has been devoted to understanding the potential power of emerging options that might determine the field’s future. Objective In collaboration with the Life Sciences Trainers & Educators Network (LTEN), this study investigated the current state of the pedagogies and tools currently adopted by corporate training professionals in the life sciences as well as the professionals’ perceptions of the impacts of emerging technologies on training. Methods This study adopted a mixed methods approach that included a survey and a follow-up interview. The survey consists of 18 broad questions with 15 subquestions in each of the five specific sectors of the life sciences field. Interviews were conducted by phone and lasted approximately 40 minutes, covering 18 questions designed to follow-up on findings from the survey items. Results Both survey and interview results indicated that the professionals were not satisfied with the status quo and that training and education in this field need to change. Most of the techniques and tools currently used have been used for some time. The professionals surveyed were not satisfied with the current techniques and tools and did not find them cost-effective. In addition, the respondents pictured the future of training in this field to be more engaging and effective. Conclusions This is the first study in a series designed to better understand education and training in the life sciences on a macro level, in order to build a foundation for progress and evolution of the future landscape. Next steps involve developing strategies for how to extend this vision throughout individual organizations.
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Belen'kiy, V. E., A. A. Grishin, E. N. Krivosheina, V. E. Belen'kiy, A. A. Grishin, and E. N. Krivosheina. "Treatment of Coxarthrosis with Functional Myoneurostimulation." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2004): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto200411420-24.
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In 19 patients with typical clinical picture of 1-II bilateral coxarthrosis method of functional myoneurostimulation was used as monotherapy. Treatment course consisted of 15 procedures, 30 minutes each. Treatment results were assessed clinically and bimechanically. After treatment the intensity of pain syndrome decreased significantly; strength of muscles surrounding hip joint increased; the limitation of joint movement due to adductive contracture decreased; walk pattern was normalized. As a rule clinical status of patients that was achieved during the treatment lasted for 6 months. After that mentioned positive changes gradually became less pronounced. Repeated courses of stimulation improved physical condition of patients. Authors believe that efficacy of myoneurostimulation is determined by two main factors, i.e. influence of electric current upon articular and periarticular structures (neuro-muscular and ligamentous system, particularly) at movement as well as significant improvement blood circulation in the pathologic region.
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Wang, Hao, Tianyou Tao, Tong Guo, Jian Li, and Aiqun Li. "Full-Scale Measurements and System Identification on Sutong Cable-Stayed Bridge during Typhoon Fung-Wong." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/936832.
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The structural health monitoring system (SHMS) provides an effective tool to conduct full-scale measurements on existing bridges for essential research on bridge wind engineering. In July 2008, Typhoon Fung-Wong lashed China and hit Sutong cable-stayed bridge (SCB) in China. During typhoon period, full-scale measurements were conducted to record the wind data and the structural vibration responses were collected by the SHMS installed on SCB. Based on the statistical method and the spectral analysis technique, the measured data are analyzed to obtain the typical parameters and characteristics. Furthermore, this paper analyzed the measured structural vibration responses and indicated the vibration characteristics of the stay cable and the deck, the relationship between structural vibrations and wind speed, the comparison of upstream and downstream cable vibrations, the effectiveness of cable dampers, and so forth. Considering the significance of damping ratio in vibration mitigation, the modal damping ratios of the SCB are identified based on the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) combined with the random decrement technique (RDT). The analysis results can be used to validate the current dynamic characteristic analysis methods, buffeting calculation methods, and wind tunnel test results of the long-span cable-stayed bridges.
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Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Luca Centurioni, Tamay Özgökmen, Daniel Tarry, Ananda Pascual, Simon Ruiz, Elena Mauri, Milena Menna, and Giulio Notarstefano. "On the Structure and Kinematics of an Algerian Eddy in the Southwestern Mediterranean Sea." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13153039.
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An Algerian Eddy, anticyclonic vortex generated by the instability of the Algerian Current in the southwestern Mediterranean Sea, is studied using data provided by drifters (surface currents), Argo floats (temperature and salinity profiles), environmental satellites (absolute dynamic topography maps and ocean color images) and operational oceanography products. The eddy was generated in May 2018 and lasted as an isolated vortex until November 2018. Its morphology and kinematics are described in June–July 2018 when drifters were trapped in its core. During that period, the eddy was slowly moving to the NE (~2 km/day), with an overall diameter of about 200 km (slowly growing with time) and maximal surface swirl velocity of ~50 cm/s at a radius of ~50 km. Geostrophic currents derived from satellite altimetry data compare well with low-pass filtered drifter velocities, with only a slight overestimation, which is expected as its maximum vorticity corresponds to a small Rossby number of ~0.6. Satellite ocean color images and some drifters show that the eddy has an elliptical spiral structure. The looping tracks of the drifters trapped in the eddy were analyzed using two statistical methods: least-squares ellipse fitting and wavelet ridge analysis, revealing a typical eccentricity of about 0.5, a wide range of inclination and a rotation period between 3 and 10 days. Clusters of drifters on the northeastern limb of the eddy were also considered to estimate divergence and vorticity. The results indicate convergence (divergence) and downwelling (upwelling) at scales of 20–50 km near the northeastern (northwestern) edge of the eddy, in agreement with the quasi-geostrophic theory. Vertically, the eddy extends mostly down to 250 m depth, with a warm, low-salinity and low-density signature and with geostrophic currents near 50 cm/s in the top layer (down to ~80 m) reducing to less than 10 cm/s near 250 m. Near the surface, colder water is advected into it.
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Zheng, Minglei. "The Study of Color and Planning Schemes of Urban Transportation." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0006.
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To apply the design concept of regional design, excavate the typical culture of Chongqing for the current design, and endows the cultural elements and symbols that have lasted for a long time with a new flavor of The Times, firstly, the design concept of regional design is introduced to present and analyze typical regional cultural elements of Chongqing. Then, the cultural appeal and social influence of the design of Chongqing rail transit are analyzed, and the main entry point of the design is summarized to provide theoretical reference and method guidance for the subsequent design. Finally, after completing the theoretical framework, typical case analysis and the reference of design techniques, the design procedure of rail vehicles with Chongqing regional culture is proposed, and the shape design, exterior design and the interior design are completed, which have certain guiding significance for the regional characteristics of rail transit construction in Chongqing.
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Bonito Lopes, Andressa, Dhebora Espindola Amboni, Marilis Macedo Schmidel, Miriélly Junges Maciel, Alberito Rodrigo de Carvalho, and Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini. "Evaluation of the dose-response for electrostimulation with Aussie current in the core strength." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 18, no. 2 (2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2020.2.1.
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Introduction. Muscle strengthening to improve joint stability is widely used in the rehabilitation process, and the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation is a useful tool, but the use of Aussie current still has little documentation about its effectiveness. Aim. To verify if there is a dose-response effect to Aussie current, both in the strength and in the static and dynamic stability of the deep pelvic lumbar muscles. Material and methods. 39 volunteers divided into four groups, one control and three electrostimulation with intensity variation, one with intensity at the contraction threshold (GT), another with intensity maintained at 20% more (G20), and another with intensity maintained at 30% more (G30) than the intensity at the contraction threshold. The intervention lasted four weeks, with three weekly sessions lasting 15 minutes. Initially and after the intervention period, the strength and stability of the deep muscles of the pelvic lumbar region were measured in a static and dynamic manner by a biofeedback pressure unit. Results. There was a significant increase of pressure under the lordoses in the pre- and post-evaluation moments, there were no differences in the evaluation of indirect force (dynamic stability), but there was an increase in the time for GT. The effect sizes presented advantages for the electrostimulated groups in static stability. Conclusion. The doses used did not promote significant statistical differences, but the effects were positive for the electrostimulated groups, especially with respect to static stability.
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Villafañe, Jorge Hugo, Raquel Cantero-Tellez, Kristin Valdes, Federico Giuseppe Usuelli, and Pedro Berjano. "Educational Quality of YouTube Videos in Thumb Exercises for Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Search on Current Practice." HAND 13, no. 6 (September 14, 2017): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944717726139.
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Background: Conservative treatments are commonly performed therapeutic interventions for the management of carpometacarpal (CMC) joint osteoarthritis (OA). Physical and occupational therapies are starting to use video-based online content as both a patient teaching tool and a source for treatment techniques. YouTube is a popular video-sharing website that can be accessed easily. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of content and potential sources of bias in videos available on YouTube pertaining to thumb exercises for CMC OA. Methods: The YouTube video database was systematically searched using the search term thumb osteoarthritis and exercises from its inception to March 10, 2017. Authors independently selected videos, conducted quality assessment, and extracted results. Results: A total of 832 videos were found using the keywords. Of these, 10 videos clearly demonstrated therapeutic exercise for the management of CMC OA. In addition, the top-ranked video found by performing a search of “views” was a video with more than 121 863 views uploaded in 2015 that lasted 12.33 minutes and scored only 2 points on the Global Score for Educational Value rating scale. Conclusions: Most of the videos viewed that described conservative interventions for CMC OA management have a low level of evidence to support their use. Although patients and novice hand therapists are using YouTube and other online resources, videos that are produced by expert hand therapists are scarce.
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Sierra, Cesar, Leon Perez, Andrea Garzon, Juan Hinestroza, and Diana Sinuco. "Detection of antipersonnel landmines containing ANFO-based explosive: A review." Revista Colombiana de Química 49, no. 3 (November 6, 2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rcq.v49n3.85301.
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After an internal conflict that lasted over half a century, the detection and removal of antipersonnel landmines in Colombia have become cumbersome challenges. Antipersonnel landmines remain scattered in Colombia and with a considerable impact on the central-western region. Most of these devices are handmade (therefore, they can also be classified as improvised explosive devices) and composed of ammonium nitrate and fossil fuel blend, a mixture known as ANFO. Due to several unique factors, including concealment tactics and non-conventional manufacturing techniques employed by guerrilla fighters, the most efficient method for the detection of ANFO-based antipersonnel landmines is the use of trained canines. This review aims at describing the current chemical strategies used in the detection of ANFO-based antipersonnel landmines. First, a detailed description of the different techniques used in the detection of explosives is made. Then, all the strategies reported in the world for antipersonnel landmines detection are described. Finally, the importance of the use of canines for antipersonnel landmines detection is explained.
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Tutkun, Erkut, Ilyas Gorgut, and Ibrahim Erdemir. "Physical Education Teachers’ Views about Character Education." International Education Studies 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n11p86.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the views of teachers of physical education about how they define character education, whether they think national education curriculum and the curriculum of private schools are suitable for character education and whether they think character education can be applied in physical education lessons. Case report design was used in this study which was prepared with qualitative research method. The sample group of the study consists of 6 physical education teachers working in 3 secondary schools and 2 high schools of Kutahya city center which were determined with easily accessible case sampling method, which is one of the purposive sampling methods. Individual interviews which lasted for an average of 15-20 minutes were conducted with physical education teachers within the context of semi-structured interview technique. The participants were informed that the interviews would be voice recorded and later their expressions would be written down to avoid data loss and after necessary permissions were taken, the interviews were recorded. Descriptive and content analysis methods were used to analyze the expressions which were converted into text. The results of the analyses showed that physical education teachers defined character education as changes that occurred in individuals’ behaviors first in the family, then at school and the education conducted to teach individuals socially accepted and correct behaviors. In addition, it was found that the teachers stated that the current curriculum of the country and also physical education curriculum were not suitable for character education; however, since it is a social lesson and since participants are continuously active and in communication, physical education lessons can be more effective than other lessons in terms of character development.
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Brown, Gemma L., Michael E. Lean, and Catherine R. Hankey. "Reproducibility of 24-h post-exercise changes in energy intake in overweight and obese women using current methodology." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 2 (October 11, 2011): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511005575.
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Direct observation(s) of energy intake (EI) via buffet meals served in the laboratory are often carried out within short-term exercise intervention studies. The reproducibility of values obtained has not been assessed either under resting control conditions or post-exercise, in overweight and obese females. A total of fourteen sedentary, pre-menopausal females (BMI 30·0 (sd5·1) kg/m2) completed four trials; two exercise and two control. Each trial lasted 24 h spanning over 2 d; conducted from afternoon on day 1 and morning on day 2. An exercise session to expend 1·65 MJ was completed on day 1 of exercise trials, and three buffet meals were served during each trial. Reproducibility of post-exercise changes in energy and macronutrient intakes was assessed at each individual buffet meal by intraclass correlation coefficient (ri). Only therivalues for post-exercise changes in energy (ri0·44 (95 % CI − 0·03, 0·77),P = 0·03) and fat intake (ri0·51 (95 % CI 0·04, 0·81),P = 0·02) at the lunch buffet meal achieved statistical significance; however, theserivalues were weak and had large associated 95 % CI, which indicates a large degree of variability associated with these measurements. Energy and macronutrient intakes at the breakfast and evening buffet meals were not reproducible. This study concludes that the frequently used laboratory-based buffet meal method of assessing EI does not produce reliable, reproducible post-exercise changes in EI in overweight and obese women.
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Waleed Husam Al-Mofti, Khaldoon. "The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom Model to Improve Iraqi EFL Learners’ Pronunciation in English at University Level." Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, no. 40 (August 13, 2020): 631–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss40.1569.
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For Iraqi EFL learners who are studying English pronunciation in a traditional instruction method often requires more effort and hard work. Thus, using new methods of teaching such as the flipped classroom model (FCM) is necessary to facilitate learning and improve performance. Hence, this study reports on explanatory research that investigates the effect of using the FCM in the teaching of English pronunciation for Iraqi EFL learners at the university level. The study implemented mixed research methods for data collection in a quasi-experimental analysis. Therefore, two tests were conducted on the assigned groups to measure the effect of the FCM before and after the intervention. Besides, a questionnaire and interviews were used on the experiment group students to collect data about their perceptions of the FCM. The study length (lasted) was 15 weeks and is comprised of 60 students from the department of English, College of Arts at the University of Anbar. The students were divided into two groups, experimental, and control with 30 students in each group. The findings revealed that there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups in favour of the experimental group with better performance, indicating that the FCM has considerably assisted the Iraqi EFL learners to improve their English pronunciation. Moreover, the students expressed their positive feedback and satisfaction on the use of the FCM in their responses to the questionnaire and the interviews. As such, the current study recommends further research to study the effect of applying the FCM in areas and disciplines other than language learning.
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Ex, Seth A., R. Justin DeRose, and James N. Long. "Stand Development and Population Dynamics of Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.) Woodlands in Utah's Bear River Mountains." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/26.4.183.
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Abstract Curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.) is a little-studied woodland tree that occurs in pure stands throughout the Intermountain West. Stand development and population dynamics of this species are poorly understood, despite their relevance to management. We describe here the development of stand age structures and population dynamics of mahogany woodlands in northern Utah using tree ages and measurements representing five structurally diverse stands. Establishment periods in all stands lasted decades, and regeneration continued intermittently in the absence of stand-replacing disturbance, eventually creating multiaged structure. Height, crown size, and basal area varied among older mahogany, which may reflect more intense intraspecific competition or increased likelihood of crown damage in older stands. Mahogany woodland managers face significant challenges. It is difficult to characterize historic stand conditions using current age structures because aging mature trees is generally unfeasible. Furthermore, there is little precedent for regenerating mahogany using silvicultural methods. Results suggest that the biggest risk in regenerating mahogany woodlands is low seedling survival, leading to the prolonged absence of mature trees. Consequently, multiaged methods that retain mature trees are recommended.
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Ovsyannikova, Inna N., Konstantin G. Tomilin, Yulia A. Tumasyan, Yulia A. Vasilkovskaya, and Ludmila V. Malygina. "Game method to increase students' motivation to engage in elective disciplines in physical culture and sports." Physical education of students 25, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0308.
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Background and Study Aim. A serious problem when using the play method in training sessions is the regulation of physical activity. For students with poor health, high emotionality of classes and intense rivalry between teams can lead to undesirable consequences for health. Purpose of the research: assessment of the effectiveness of the game method to increase the motivation of students to engage in elective disciplines in physical culture and sports.
Material and Methods. The study involved first-year students of Sochi State University (Russia) (n=25), with different experience in physical culture and sports. The training sessions (6 hours a week) lasted two academic semesters (9 months) and included outdoor games. A daily «scan» of the current functional state of the students was carried out by heart rate, express scales («Emotional excitement and physical fatigue» and «Well-being-Activity-Mood»). The indicators of general physical fitness of students were registered. The results were analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2010 computer programs. The significance of the change was determined by the Wilcoxon test using the significance level р£0,05.
Results. The use of a large number of outdoor games and relay games in the classroom contributed to the increase of students' motivation to engage in elective disciplines in physical culture and sports. Which led to almost 100 % of class attendance and improved agility, flexibility and endurance indicators among students (p<0.05). There was a decrease in the indicator in the test «pulling up on a high bar» among young men (p<0.05).
Conclusions. The study showed new prospects for using the game method in the classroom not only with homogeneous groups of students, but also with students with different levels of physical fitness and health. By manipulating the composition of the playing teams, each of the participants was regularly provided with strong and varied emotions. That increased the interest in students attending classes. The use of the «Express-control» system for the current functional state of the trainees (primarily for students with weakened health) ensured prompt correction of the intensity of physical activity.
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Mansour, Anthony G., Rechdi Ahdab, Georges Khazen, Christelle El-Khoury, Toni M. Sabbouh, Maher Salem, Wissam Yamak, Moussa A. Chalah, Samar S. Ayache, and Naji Riachi. "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Occipital Cortex in Medication Overuse Headache: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041075.
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Background: Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a chronic pain syndrome that arises from the frequent use of acute antimigraine drugs. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique with a possible therapeutic effect in this particular context. Methods: This was a randomized, sham-controlled, cross-over study. Eighteen patients with MOH (17 women, age range: 20–38 years) received three sets of three consecutive daily sessions of tDCS: anodal tDCS over the prefrontal cortex, cathodal tDCS over the occipital cortex ipsilateral to the dominant side of migraine pain, and sham. The order in which the tDCS blocks were delivered was randomly defined based on a 1:1:1 ratio. Patients filled in a migraine diary that allowed recording of the pain intensity (visual analogue scale) and the daily consumption of analgesic pills from one week before to two weeks after each condition. Results: Both prefrontal and occipital tDCS lowered the total number of migraine days and the number of severe migraine days per week at week 1, but only the effects of occipital tDCS on these two outcomes lasted until week 2. Only occipital tDCS decreased the daily analgesic pills consumption, at weeks 1 and 2. Conclusion: Three consecutive days of cathodal occipital tDCS appear to improve the clinical outcomes in patients with MOH.
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Khazaie, Habibolah, Ali Zakiei, and Saeid Komasi. "A Simultaneous Cluster Analysis of Cognitive, Emotional, and Personality Factors and Insomnia and Sleep Quality Among Earthquake Victims." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 4 (March 12, 2019): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.156.
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ABSTRACTObjectiveThe current study compares the measures of sleep quality and intensity of insomnia based on the clustering analysis of variables including dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, experiential avoidance, personality traits of neuroticism, and complications with emotion regulation among the individuals struck by an earthquake in Kermanshah Province.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out among earthquake victims of Kermanshah Province (western Iran) in 2017. Data were gathered starting 10 days after the earthquake and lasted for 2 weeks; of 1,200 standard questionnaires distributed, 1,001 responses were received, and the analysis was performed using 999 participants. The data analysis was carried out using a cluster analysis (K-mean method).ResultsTwo clusters were identified, and there is a significant difference between these two clusters in regard to all of the variables. The cluster with higher mean values for the selected variables shows a higher intensity of insomnia and a lower sleep quality.ConclusionsConsidering the current results, it can be concluded that variables of dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about sleep, experiential avoidance, the personality traits of neuroticism, and complications with emotion regulation are able to identify the clusters where there is a significant difference in regard to sleep quality and the intensity of insomnia. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:745–752)
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Li, Yuanyuan, Mohammad Ishraq Zafar, Xiaotong Wang, Xiaofang Ding, and Honggang Li. "Heat Stress and Pulsed Unfocused Ultrasound: The Viability of these Physical Approaches for Drug Delivery into Testicular Seminiferous Tubules." Current Drug Delivery 17, no. 5 (July 31, 2020): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201817666200514080811.
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Aim: To investigate the application of Scrotal Heat Stress (SHS) and Pulsed Unfocused Ultrasound (PuFUS) to explore Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB) permeability in adult mice. Background: The BTB provides a stable microenvironment and a unique immune barrier for spermatogenesis. Meanwhile, it blocks macromolecular substances access, including therapeutic agents and antibodies, thereby it decreases the therapeutic or immunocontraception effects. Objectives: To determine the viability of these physical approaches in delivering macromolecular substances into seminiferous tubules. Material & Methods: Mice were subjected to receive single SHS intervention at 39°C, 41°C, or 43°C for 30 min. Whereas, mice received the PuFUS intervention at 1.75w/cm2, 1.25w/cm2, and 2.5w/cm2 for 2 min, 5 min, and 10 min, respectively. The Biotin and macromolecular substances (IgG, IgM, and exosomes) were separately injected into the testicular interstitium at different times following SHS or PuFUS interventions, to observe their penetration through BTB into seminiferous tubules. Results: As detected by Biotin tracer, the BTB opening started from day-2 following the SHS and lasted for more than three days, whereas the BTB opening started from 1.5h following PuFUS and lasted up to 24h. Apparent penetration of IgG, IgM, and exosomes into seminiferous tubules was observed after five days of the SHS at 43°C, but none at 39°C, or any conditions tested with PuFUS. Conclusion: The current results indicate that SHS at 43°C comparatively has the potential for delivering macromolecular substances into seminiferous tubules, whereas the PuFUS could be a novel, quick, and mild approach to open the BTB. These strategies might be useful for targeted drug delivery into testicular seminiferous tubules. However, further studies are warranted to validate our findings.
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Ma, Jinghong, Linlin Gao, Taomian Mi, Junyan Sun, Piu Chan, and Tao Wu. "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Does Not Improve the Sequence Effect in Freezing of Gait." Parkinson's Disease 2019 (June 4, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2196195.
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Introduction. The sequence effect (SE) is a reason contributing to freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. There is no effective treatment for the SE. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the SE in PD patients with FOG. Methods. 28 PD patients with FOG received either real or sham 10-Hz rTMS over the supplementary motor area (SMA). The effects of rTMS on the SE, FOG, and some gait parameters were evaluated. Results. rTMS did not improve the SE. Real rTMS had beneficial effects on FOG and some gait parameters, and this effect lasted for at least four weeks. Conclusions. High-frequency rTMS over the SMA cannot alleviate the SE in PD patients with FOG. rTMS has a long-lasting beneficial effect on FOG; however, this effect is not achieved by improving the SE but may be through improving some other gait parameters.
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Suter, Cyrill, Martin Majewski, and Andrej M. Nowakowski. "Comparison of 2 plating techniques for lateral clavicle fractures, using a new standardized biomechanical testing setup." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 16, no. 2 (August 9, 2017): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000377.
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Background: Conservative treatment of lateral clavicle fractures (Neer type II) often ends with unsatisfactory results for patients. Operative treatment is thus gaining acceptance. A retrospective study found success using a double plate technique for these injuries. For the current study, a standardized testing setup was developed to compare the mechanical properties of single versus double plate technique for lateral clavicle fractures. Methods: Six synthetic bones were tested for each technique. Neer type IIB fractures were created using computer-aided design (CAD). Fatigue testing was carried out with a cantilever bending test. Parameters measured were cycles undergone, failure load and stiffness at the point of failure. Results: The standardized testing setup was able to provide reproducible failures. The double plate technique lasted about 16,000 more cycles and withstood an additional 22.4 N on average. Conclusions: The new modified standardized testing setup produced reproducible fixation failures for both clavicle fracture fixation techniques. The double plate technique seems to be mechanically superior to the single plate technique.
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Farlow, Janice L., Jiwon V. Park, Robert J. Morrison, and Robbi A. Kupfer. "Office-Based Intralesional Steroid Injection for Treatment of Laryngeal Sarcoidosis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 130, no. 8 (February 15, 2021): 976–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489421995287.
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Objectives: To report preliminary outcomes of a case series of in-office intralesional steroid injections for treatment of laryngeal sarcoidosis. Methods: After diagnosis of laryngeal sarcoidosis, 3 patients were offered in-office steroid injections for primary or adjunctive treatment. Triamcinolone 40 was injected into supraglottic sarcoidosis lesions in the office using a channel laryngoscope. Response to treatment and need for further injections was determined based on patient symptoms and repeat flexible laryngoscopy. Results: In-office intralesional steroid injections provided rapid symptom relief within days that lasted for months, thus decreasing the frequency of operative interventions. For one of the patients in this series, these injections even eliminated the need for tracheostomy. No complications were observed. Conclusions: In-office intralesional steroid injection is an emerging adjunctive treatment for laryngeal sarcoidosis. Prospective studies are required to determine efficacy and long-term risk profiles in relation to the current standard of operative management and systemic treatments.
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Gu, Yajing, Xuan Chen, Rentao Song, and Weiwei Qi. "Establishment of a Bivector Genetic Transformation System in Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070663.
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Maize is an important grain crop with high nutritional value. An effective transformation system is crucial for the genetic improvement of maize traits, but many important maize inbred lines remained recalcitrant to transformation. In this study, we developed a bivector transformation system that worked well in two recalcitrant maize inbred lines. This system included an induction vector (ZmBBM-ZmWUS) and an indicator vector (GFP), using microprojectile bombardment technology combined with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We found that the Zheng58 and Mo17 recalcitrant inbred lines could be transformed with this system. The whole transformation cycle lasted only 52 days, 38 days less than the traditional transformation cycle. Additionally, it was possible to eliminate inference of the induction vector and obtained progenies with only the target gene. Our results suggested that the bivector system was an optimization of the current maize transformation methods and could potentially be used in genetic improvement of maize inbred lines.
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Eickenscheidt, N., R. Brumme, and E. Veldkamp. "Direct contribution of nitrogen deposition to nitrous oxide emissions in a temperate beech and spruce forest – a <sup>15</sup>N tracer study." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 6 (November 12, 2010): 8345–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-8345-2010.
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Abstract. The impact of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in forest ecosystems is still unclear. The objective of our study was to investigate the direct contribution of N deposition to N2O emissions in temperate forests exposed to chronic high N deposition using a 15N labelling technique. In a Norway spruce stand (Picea abies) and in a beech stand (Fagus sylvatica) in the Solling, Germany, we added a low concentrated 15N-labelled ammoniumnitrate solution to simulate N deposition. Nitrous oxide fluxes and 15N isotope abundances in N2O were measured using the closed chamber method combined with 15N isotope analyses. Emissions of N2O were higher in the beech stand (2.6 ± 0.6 kg N ha−1 yr−1) than in the spruce stand (0.3 ± 0.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1). We observed a direct effect of N input on 15N2O emissions, which lasted less than three weeks and was mainly caused by denitrification. No progressive increase in 15N enrichment of N2O occurred over a one-year experiment, which we explained by immobilisation of deposited N. The annual emission factor for N2O from deposited N was 0.1% for the spruce stand and 0.6% for the beech stand. Standard methods used in the literature applied to the same stands grossly overestimated emission factors with values of up to 25%. Only 6–13% of the total N2O emissions were derived from direct N deposition. Whether the remaining emissions resulted from accumulated anthropogenic N deposition or native N, can not be distinguish with the applied methods. The 15N tracer technique represents a precise tool, which may improve estimates of the current contribution of N deposition on N2O emissions.
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Eickenscheidt, N., R. Brumme, and E. Veldkamp. "Direct contribution of nitrogen deposition to nitrous oxide emissions in a temperate beech and spruce forest – a <sup>15</sup>N tracer study." Biogeosciences 8, no. 3 (March 8, 2011): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-621-2011.
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Abstract. The impact of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in forest ecosystems is still unclear. Our study assessed the direct contribution of N deposition to N2O emissions in temperate forests exposed to chronic high N depositions using a 15N labelling technique. In a Norway spruce stand (Picea abies) and in a beech stand (Fagus sylvatica) at the Solling, Germany, we used a low concentrated 15N-labelled ammonium-nitrate solution to simulate N deposition. Nitrous oxide fluxes and 15N isotope abundances in N2O were measured using the closed chamber method combined with 15N isotope analyses. Emissions of N2O were higher in the beech stand (2.6 ± 0.6 kg N ha−1 yr−1) than in the spruce stand (0.3 ± 0.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1). We observed a direct effect of N input on 15N-N2O emissions, which lasted for less than three weeks and was mainly caused by denitrification. No further increase in 15N enrichment of N2O occurred during a one-year experiment, which was probably due to immobilisation of deposited N. The annual emission factor for N2O from deposited N was 0.1% for the spruce stand and 0.6% for the beech stand. Standard methods used in the literature applied to the same stands grossly overestimated emission factors with values of up to 25%. Only 6–13% of the total N2O emissions were derived from direct N depositions. Whether the remaining emissions resulted from accumulated anthropogenic N depositions or native soil N, could not be distinguished with the applied methods. The 15N tracer technique is a useful tool, which may improve estimates of the current contribution of N deposition to N2O emissions.
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Nordén, Tommy, Ulf Malm, and Torsten Norlander. "Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment (RACT) as a Tool of Empowerment for Clients with Severe Mental Illness: A Meta-Analysis." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 8, no. 1 (November 16, 2012): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901208010144.
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The aim of the current meta-analysis was to explore the effectiveness of the method here labeled Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment (RACT) for clients with psychiatric diagnoses as compared to standard care during the period 2001 – 2011. Included in the meta-analysis were 17 studies comprising a total of 2263 clients, 1291 men and 972 women, with a weighted mean age of 45.44 years. The diagnoses of 86 % of the clients were within the psychotic spectrum while 14 % had other psychiatric diagnoses. There were six randomized controlled trials and eleven observational studies. The studies spanned between 12 and 60 months, and 10 of them lasted 24 months. The results indicated a large effect-size for the ”grand total measure” (Cohen´sd= 0.80). The study comprised three outcome variables: Symptoms, Functioning, and Well-being. With regard to Symptoms, a medium effect for both randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies was found, whereas Functioning showed large effects for both types of design. Concerning Well-being both large and medium effects were evident. The conclusions of the meta-analysis were that the treatment of clients with Resource Group Assertive Community Treatment yields positive effects for clients with psychoses and that the method may be of use for clients within the entire psychiatric spectrum.
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Baş, Kenan, and Esen Durmuş. "Pre-test the Effect of Teaching Social Studies Course through Performing Arts on the Students’ Academic Achievement and Permanence of their Knowledge." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.2p.107.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of social studies teaching through performing arts on the academic achievement and permanence of knowledge of performing arts and students. The participants of this research consisted of 250 6th grade students studying at five secondary schools located in different educational regions within boundaries of the central Elazığ Province (from Turkey) in the 2015 and 2016 spring term. The study was conducted on 5 experimental (n = 125) and 5 control (n = 125) groups randomly selected. A mixed method involving qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Academic achievement test and an interview consisting of open-ended questions were used. On quantitative dimension of the study, pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design was used. On qualitative dimension, students were interviewed. During the study, while social studies course teaching was carried out with the experimental groups through performing arts, in the control groups, teaching activities stipulated by the current syllabus were carried out. The application period of the study lasted for eight weeks in total with three hours of teaching weekly in both groups. The statistical program (SPSS, version 21) was used analyzing the quantitative data obtained from the study. The N-VIVO-9 program was used for the analysis of qualitative data. As a result of the study, it was found that social studies teaching activities performed through performing arts were more successful in increasing student achievement than the activities stipulated by the current syllabus. However, as a result of the interviews, the results regarding the positive and negative aspects of the teaching activities performed in the experimental groups were obtained. It was found that the data obtained concerning the qualitative dimension of the study supported the data obtained concerning the quantitative dimension.
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Hapsila, Angga. "PENGARUH AKTIVA TETAP DAN AKTIVA LANCAR TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PADA SIMPAN PINJAM PEREMPUAN UPK GERBANG SARI KECAMATAN RENGAT BARAT." Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 7, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34006/jmbi.v7i2.153.
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This research is about savings and loans for women UPK Gerbang Sari, Rengat Barat District. The research lasted for 5 (five) months. This research try to determine the effect of whether there was a significant influence between fixed assets and current assets on income on women's savings and loans UPK Gerbang Sari, Rengat Barat District. The formulation of the problem to be investigated is whether there is a simultaneous and partial effect between fixed assets and current assets on women's savings and loan income UPK Gerbang Sari, Rengat Barat District. This research used quantitative methods, that illustrates whether there is a significant influence between fixed assets and current assets on income on savings and loans for women UPK Gerbang Sari, Rengat Barat District. To analyzed the data, this research used multiple regression, correlation coefficients, and Hypothesis testing which will be assisted using SPSS version 21. From the results of the study with the regression equation Y = 1,379,231-1,075 X1 + 0,214X2. This means: a = if the fixed assets and current assets are equal to Zero (0), then the value of income is equal to 1,379,231. The coefficient of multiple correlation R is 0.686. and furthermore tested with multiple determination Keofisie (R2 is 0.471. This indicates that (X1) fixed assets and (X2) current assets have together an influence of 47.10% and the remaining 52.90% is influenced by variables other than ( X1) and (X2). Hypothesis testing in which F arithmetic (0.891) <Ftable (3.00), then there is no significant effect simultaneously between fixed assets and current assets to income on savings and loans for women in UPK Gerbang Sari, Rengat Barat District.
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Puri, Ice Yolanda, Barakatun-Nisak Mohd Yusof, Zalina Abu Zaid, Amin Ismail, Hasnah Haron, and Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto. "Currents Nutritional Practices of Nutritionists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Public Health Centres in Padang, Indonesia." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061975.
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(1) Background: The interest in nutrition practices and education is slowly gaining traction among Indonesian nutritionists. However, there is a lack of local studies that evaluate nutritional practices, especially in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the nutritional practices among nutritionists and the adequacy of the current practices in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients at the Public Health Clinic in Padang (PHC), Indonesia. (2) Methods: An online survey form was distributed to all the nutritionists (n = 50) involved in the management of T2DM patients in their daily practices at the PHC. Socio-demographic characteristics, the current practice of T2DM, the need for DM nutrition education, and an evaluation questionnaire on the Indonesian Non-Communicable Diseases guideline and the Public Health Centre guideline were captured in the survey. (3) Result: A total of 48 completed survey forms were received, providing a response rate of 96% from the recruited nutritionists. One-third (37.5%) of the respondents counselled between one and ten patients per day. Nearly half (41.7%) conducted a monthly follow-up session for the patients at their respective PHC in the previous three months. Each nutritionist educated five to ten T2DM patients. The most common nutrition education topics delivered included appropriate menus (89.6%) as well as the etiology and symptoms of T2DM (85.5%). Almost all the nutritionists (93.8%) used leaflets and about 35.4% used poster education. Around 70.8% of counseling sessions lasted 30 min and two-thirds (66.7%) of the sessions included nutrition education. Based on the results, about half (52.1%) of them claimed that T2DM patients were reluctant to attend individual nutrition education. One-fifth of them (20.8%) claimed that it was because the T2DM patients were not interested in the tool kits and materials used. (4) Conclusions: T2DM patients are reluctant to attend individual nutrition education due to uninteresting tool kits and materials.
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Saleh, Essam Abdou Ahmed. "The Effect of Using the Guided Discovery Method on Enabling the Students with Intellectual Disability to Acquire some Pre-Academic Mathematical Concepts in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 3 (February 5, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n3p108.
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The importance of this study lies in presenting a program to enable the students with mild intellectual disability to acquire some pre-academic mathematical concepts. It also provides a scale to measure the pre-academic mathematical concepts among the educable students with intellectual disability. The study applied the experimental method on a sample of 20 children with intellectual disability who were distributed into two groups; control and experimental. The sample was selected from Rafha Province schools. The program was made up of 96 sessions, four sessions a week. Each session lasted for 60 minutes and was divided into two 30-minute sessions (activities). The researcher used a pre-academic mathematical concepts scale to collect data and to compare the performance of the experimental and control groups in the pre and post-tests. The results of the study indicated that there are statistically significant differences in the pre-academic mathematical concepts scale among the students of the two groups at the (0.01) level in favor of the experimental group.The improvement in the acquisition of some pre-academic mathematical concepts among the sample members is attributed to the student’s utilization of the program used in the current study, which is based on the guided discovery method. The researcher used a group of attractive activities desired by children. The researcher applied number of immediate reinforcements and constant encouragements to enhance proper functioning. He took into consideration presenting these activities in a gradual simplified way, moving from the easy to the hard.
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Williams, Rowena, Jonathan Daw Ern Lee, Jameel Muzaffar, Tom Clutton-Brock, and Chris Coulson. "Usability and Practicality of a Novel Mobile Attachment for Aural Endoscopy (endoscope-i): Formative Usability Study." JMIR Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 18, 2020): e18850. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18850.
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Background Our aims were to determine the usability and practicality of the endoscope-i system, a novel mobile attachment for aural endoscopy. This incorporated assessing the ease of use of the endoscope-i for different professionals, and ultimately improving the system by receiving constructive feedback. Objective Our objectives were to assess the ease of the endoscope-i system in conducting an aural examination and to assess its feasibility for integrating its use into clinical practice. We looked to assess its ease, effectiveness, and efficiency; to compare this to current practices with otoscopes; and to determine whether participants perceived the system to be able to produce an image of sufficient quality to make a clinical assessment. Finally, we wanted to assess the usefulness of the current training given for using the system, and we sought to gain feedback for the product from the differing specialists. Methods A formative usability study of the endoscope-i system was conducted with 5 health care professionals. Each session lasted 40 minutes and involved audio/video consent, a hands-on session, a private semistructured interview, and an option to discuss the device with a company representative. Results All participants found the endoscope-i system easy to use. The image quality was perceived to be greater than that achieved by current otoscopes. The ability to record images and view them retrospectively was also seen as a positive. Conclusions This study has not identified any significant issues relating to the design, functionality, or application of the endoscope-i. Participants perceived the system as superior to current options with a directly positive impact on their clinical practice.
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Terebessy, András, Melinda Matyasovszky, Ferenc Horváth, Áron Horosz, Irén Juhász, and Zsuzsa Győrffy. "A testmozgás szerepe az egészségügyi dolgozók egészségfejlesztésében." Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 39 (September 2016): 1563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30540.
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Introduction: The health status of doctors, nurses and any other professionals working in the healthcare sector influences the quality of their work. Therefore, health promotion of healthcare workers is not only an occupational health program but it can be considered as an action towards improving the quality of care. Aim: The current study was designed to assess the efficacy of a health promotion intervention among healthcare workers after health status assessment. Method: Before and after the intervention a self-assessment questionnaire-based health survey and physical status examination were performed. Members of the intervention group were offered to use fitness facilities, professional psychological help, dietary counselling, and dental consultation. Results: The intervention program lasted for 12 months with the participation of 79 health care professionals (based on their decision being in the intervention or in the control group). Significant decrease was found in the abdominal perimeter in participants of the intervention group and they ran a longer distance on the 12 minute-long-run test at the end of the study. Conclusions: The positive effect of regular physical exercise as part of active lifestyle has been demonstrated not only in the increase of physical capacity, but in the change of body shape, as well. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(39), 1563–1570.
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Dilley, Joshua R., Justin B. Moore, Phillip Summers, Amanda A. Price, Matthew Burczyk, Lynn Byrd, Patricia J. Sisson, and Alain G. Bertoni. "A Citizen Science Approach to Determine Physical Activity Patterns and Demographics of Greenway Users in Winston-Salem, North Carolina." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 3150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173150.
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Citizen science is a growing method of scientific discovery and community engagement. To date, there is a paucity of data using citizen scientists to monitor community level physical activity, such as bicycling or walking; these data are critical to inform community level intervention. Volunteers were recruited from the local community to make observations at five local greenways. The volunteers picked their location, time to collect data and duration of data collection. Volunteer observations included recording estimated age, race or ethnicity and activity level of each individual they encountered walking, running or bicycling on the greenway. A total of 102 volunteers were recruited to participate in the study, of which 60% completed one or more observations. Average observational time lasted 81 minutes and resulted in recording the demographics and physical activity of a mean of 48 people per session. The majority of adult bicyclists observed were biking at a moderate pace (86%) and were white (72%) males (62%). Similar results were observed for those walking. We demonstrate the feasibility of using citizen scientists to address the current scarcity of data describing community-level physical activity behavior patterns. Future work should focus on refining the citizen science approach for the collection of physical activity data to inform community-specific interventions in order to increase greenway use.
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Li, Hua, Lin-Xiu Jiang, Yong-Rong Jiang, Jian-Min Zhu, and Zhen-Cheng Chen. "Sterilization by negative and positive DC plasma with a micro discharge gap at atmospheric pressure." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 32 (November 19, 2017): 1750296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917502967.
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A new needle-to-droplet electrode structure with a micro discharge gap (2 mm) was designed to achieve direct current (DC) discharge plasma in ambient air with the aim of using the plasma to sterilize liquids. Without using noble gases or an external air flow, we succeeded in generating both a negative and positive DC plasma at atmospheric pressure. The plasma was driven by a 0 to −20,000 V, 100 W DC power supply. A stainless steel needle with a tip diameter of [Formula: see text] and a 200-[Formula: see text] droplet of bacteria-containing liquid served as the electrodes. At atmospheric pressure and room temperature (23[Formula: see text]C), utilizing the negative DC plasma, the discharge time lasted 10 s; the results showed that the higher the discharge voltage, the more efficient the sterilization effect. Conversely, when we applied a voltage of −5.5 kV, we found that the sterilization effect was more efficient for longer discharge times. Our findings demonstrate that Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) can be killed in about 30 s. Our experiments show that our sterilization method required less time and was more efficient for positive than for negative DC plasma under the same conditions.
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Esposito, Marco, Janette Sloan, Andrea Tancredi, Giovanna Gerardi, Paola Postiglione, Francesca Fotia, Eleonora Napoli, Luigi Mazzone, Giovanni Valeri, and Stefano Vicari. "Using Tablet Applications for Children With Autism to Increase Their Cognitive and Social Skills." Journal of Special Education Technology 32, no. 4 (July 18, 2017): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162643417719751.
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Several researchers along with technicians have been developing software and hardware to support and/or replace the standard method of teaching for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and/or other developmental disabilities. Moreover, computer-based intervention and electronic tablets have shown benefits for people with special needs increasing their independence, academic and cognitive skills, social communication, and leisure time. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of three tablet applications created to enhance specific abilities of children with ASD (attention, vocabulary, and imitation), who followed applied behavior analysis treatment (ABA) compared with the internal control group (CG). Training lasted 4 weeks for 15 children selected in a randomized way, while the CG followed only the behavioral therapy. To sum up, we want to respond to three questions: (1) whether the experimental group (EG) using the applications obtains greater progress within standard therapy in comparison to the CG, (2) whether the real skills of children examined at baseline have an impact on the application scores, and (3) whether the graphic features of the applications influence the motivation of children during training. At postintervention assessment, the EG showed higher progress within standard therapy than the internal CG even though these differences didn’t overreach the significance level. However, the probability of making progress in mastered targets at postintervention assessment was higher for the EG than the CG. To conclude, the current study demonstrates the capability of tablet applications to reproduce effective educational training for children with autism.
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Salih, Osamah. "Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA/EPA) and Vitamin E on Fatty Acid Profile of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio Ovaries." Biological and Applied Environmental Research 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51304/baer.2021.5.1.10.
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The current study aimed to clarify the fatty acids profile in the breeding stock ovaries of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed on two food additives. The study was carried out in the Shrimp Hatchery which belonging to the Basrah Agricultural Directorate. Three treatment groups were used, the first treatment (T1) represented as control without any food additives, the second treatment (T2) supplemented with 5 g/kg omega-3 fatty acids, and the third treatment (T3) to which vitamin E was added at a concentration of 200 mg/kg. Fishes were randomly distributed in three replicates for each treatment with six of common carp brood stock per replicate. Nine cages were used which placed in earthen pond. Feeding trail lasted from 29 Oct 2018 to 14 Mar 2019. After feeding fish for 82 days, the oil was extracted from gonads by two methods, the first one by Soxhlet apparatus and the second by Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) method. The fatty acid profiles were analyzed using gas chromatograph by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography Mass spectrometry). Results showed that the content of fatty acids in the ovaries of treated fishes in T1, the presence of saturated and unsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, were monounsaturated fatty acid (C19H36:1) scored the highest percentage (52.55%). Fishes in T2 recorded the presence of saturated and unsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids were omega-12 (C18H34:12) recorded the highest percentage (50.02%), while T3 fishes showed the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the group of omega-6 fatty acids and the unsaturated fatty acid omega-9 (C18H34:9) record the highest percentage (63.24%).In conclusion this study suggested that the content of fatty acids in fish ovaries reflects the composition of fatty acids in the diet.
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Qasim, M. Mohammed, and M. M. qahtan Adnan. "The effect of using the two methods of exploration and Verification (laboratory tests) in the collection of fifth grade students in science." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 223, no. 2 (October 28, 2018): 379–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v223i2.350.
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The current research is aimed to know the effect of the use of two methods emphasize exploration, (laboratory tests) in the collection of Elementary fifth graders in science were verified through objective research to validate hypotheses Elsafreeten following cases:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the first experimental group who are studying a way that Scouting (Exploratory laboratory experiments) and the average score of the control group who are studying the normal manner in the test grades.
There is no difference statistically significant at the level (0.05) between the average grades Group II pilot who study the way Aaltokid (confirmatory laboratory tests) and the average score of the control group who are studying the normal manner in the test grades.
And identifies current research pupils' fifth grade in elementary school eloquence of the Directorate of Education Baghdad Karkh third academic year (2015-2016). The total research community (120) students, evenly divided between the (three) people, was the people's choice Baltaan simple random, and hit the sample (108) pupils, distributors in each division (36), a student, was the Division (a) of the experimental group first studied Scouting manner (Exploratory laboratory experiments) and Division (b) Aalthanih experimental group that studied a way to emphasize (confirmatory laboratory tests), and the Division (c) the control group, who studied in the traditional manner and was rewarded individuals aggregates variables (former intelligence and information).
The achievement of the post test preparation, which included 20 objective paragraph of the multiple-choice type with four alternatives, and formulated in accordance with the first three levels of Bloom's Taxonomy of cognitive (memory, comprehension, application), were verified and virtual content sincerity after a presentation to a group of experts and specialists in teaching methods and measurement and evaluation, and was extracted reliability coefficient of vertebrae test using equation (Kiodr- Richardson -20), as it was (87%), as was extracted Alsekoumtrah characteristics of the paragraphs of the ease and difficulty, strength discriminatory and effective alternatives, applied experience lasted (8) weeks, after the completion of the experiment, the data were treated statistically using the test equation (t.test) for two independent samples of equal number .
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Koppert, Wolfgang, Sara K. Dern, Reinhard Sittl, Sven Albrecht, Jürgen Schüttler, and Martin Schmelz. "A New Model of Electrically Evoked Pain and Hyperalgesia in Human Skin." Anesthesiology 95, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200108000-00022.
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Background The authors used the analgesics alfentanil, S(+)-ketamine, and systemic lidocaine to examine a new human model of experimental pain and hyperalgesia. Methods Transcutaneous electrical stimulation at a high current density (5 Hz, 67.5+/-6.6 mA) was used to provoke acute pain (numeric rating scale, 5 of 10), stable areas of secondary mechanical hyperalgesia to pin prick (43.6+/-32.1 cm2), and light touch (27.5+/-16.2 cm2) for 2 h. Alfentanil, S(+)-ketamine, and lidocaine were applied for 20 min in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 12 subjects using target controlled infusions. Results In the placebo session, pain ratings and areas of hyperalgesia were stable during the stimulation period, which facilitated the assessment of analgesic effects. Alfentanil effectively inhibited electrically evoked pain and reduced pin prick hyperalgesia and allodynia during its infusion. S(+)-ketamine-induced inhibition of secondary hyperalgesia was more pronounced and lasted for the whole experimental protocol. Therapeutic levels of systemic lidocaine showed only marginal analgesic effects, but lasting antihyperalgesic effects. Conclusions A new model of electrically induced pain and hyperalgesia was established, which enabled assessment of the time course of analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects with high temporal resolution and minimum tissue damage and which was further validated by use of common intravenous anesthetics.
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Grachev, Valentin G., and Galina I. Malovichko. "Structures of Impurity Defects in Lithium Niobate and Tantalate Derived from Electron Paramagnetic and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Data." Crystals 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040339.
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Point intrinsic and extrinsic defects, especially paramagnetic ions of transition metals and rare-earth elements, have essential influence on properties of lithium niobate, LN and tantalate, LT, and often determine their suitability for numerous applications. Discussions about structures of the defects in LN/LT have lasted for decades. Many experimental methods facilitate progress in determining the structures of impurity centers. This paper gives current bird’s eye view on contributions of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) studies to the determination of impurity defect structures in LN and LT crystals for a broad audience of researchers and students. Symmetry and charge compensation considerations restrict a number of possible structures. Comparison of measured angular dependences of ENDOR frequencies with calculated ones for Li and Nb substitution using dipole–dipole approximation allows unambiguously to determine the exact location of paramagnetic impurities. Models with two lithium vacancies explain angular dependencies of EPR spectra for Me3+ ions substituting for Li+ like Cr, Er, Fe, Gd, Nd, and Yb. Self-compensation of excessive charges through equalization of concentrations of Me3+(Li+) and Me3+(Nb5+) and appearance of interstitial Li+ in the structural vacancy near Me3+(Nb5+) take place in stoichiometric LN/LT due to lack of intrinsic defects.