To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Curriculum planning – Government policy – China.
Journal articles on the topic 'Curriculum planning – Government policy – China'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Curriculum planning – Government policy – China.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Tanigaki, Mariko. "The Changing ‘China’ Elements in China Studies in the University of Hong Kong." China Report 54, no. 1 (2018): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517744406.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to give a broad picture of the development of Chinese/China Studies at the University of Hong Kong until the 1970s. Courses on Chinese were conducted from the very beginning of the establishment of the University of Hong Kong. Chinese Studies at the University of Hong Kong started with the first two migrant scholars to Hong Kong and reflected the pre-Republican style cultivated in the imperial civil service examinations. However, the curriculum changed gradually after the establishment of the Department of Chinese. Xu Dishan and Chen Junbao took the reform further. In the post-World War II period, Frederick Seguier Drake was Professor in the Department of Chinese Studies until 1964 and consolidated the Department. Its development coincided with the basic policy of neutrality pursued by the Hong Kong government with respect to the ongoing tension between the United States and the PRC. By the 1960s, it appeared that more expatriate staff were becoming interested in the study of China and Hong Kong. This led to the establishment of the Centre of Asian Studies in 1967, the first centre where Contemporary China Studies could be pursued.
2
Wang, Zhen, and Shu Xia Yu. "Policy Planning for Environmentally Sustainable Transport in Beijing, China." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 2374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2374.
Full textAbstract:
Beijing suffers a great road transport problems, including environment pollute, congestion, and etc. A research supported by the national basic research program of China to solve transport related environmental problems introduced an environmentally sustainable transport research framework. Results showed that the dramatic increasing of total vehicles was the key driving force. NOx and CO2 emitted by vehicles were two main pollutes that might touch the environmental capacity in 2020. Policy instruments were proposed to control the total vehicle, the NOx emission and the CO2 emission. The time arrangement of policy instruments was partly accepted by the local government. Continuous monitoring showed that the effects of the policy planning were mixed.
3
Chan, Sarah. "Policy Challenges in Maintaining Renminbi Stability in China." Asian Survey 57, no. 2 (2017): 297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2017.57.2.297.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the policy challenges and dilemmas faced by China’s authorities in balancing exchange rate stability with the policy necessity of monetary autonomy. China will have to move toward greater exchange rate flexibility, particularly as the capital account becomes increasingly liberalized and the government pushes forward with RMB internationalization.
4
Fan, Bonai, Ming Zhang, Chen Fang, and Jing Wang. "Government Waste in China: Situation, Causes, and Countermeasures." Asian Survey 50, no. 4 (2010): 684–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2010.50.4.684.
Full textAbstract:
The administrative expenditure of China has been growing rapidly in the past decades. This paper examines the forms and causes of government waste hidden in the high levels of administrative expenditure. Based on the findings, several specific policy suggestions are made.
5
Yang, Xiaozhe. "Accelerated Move for AI Education in China." ECNU Review of Education 2, no. 3 (2019): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2096531119878590.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This article summarizes recent developments in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Chinese education, paying particular attention to the different applications of AI at a number of different levels. The article reviews key government policies and guidelines and suggests a course for future development. Design/Approach/Methods: The article analyzes key government policies relevant to the implementation of AI in Chinese education. Additionally, the article leverages the author’s experience as a key member of national information technology curriculum development, which involved participation in the drafting of various curriculum standards and policy documents and discussions with numerous administrative officials, teachers, and researchers. Findings: This article argues that the use of AI in Chinese education varies at different levels. AI implementation is at its early stage in elementary education; more prevalent in higher education, and even more common in the field of civic education. As a result, in multiple dimensions, Chinese students are becoming better trained to face an age of AI and working together to create an informatized education environment. Originality/Value: This article describes how China is searching for the point where top-down system design meets bottom-up applications to chart its own course for the use of AI in education.
6
Barbieri, Elisa, Marco R. Di Tommaso, and Manli Huang. "Industrial Development Policy and Innovation in Southern China: Government Targets and Firms' Behaviour." European Planning Studies 18, no. 1 (2010): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09654310903343542.
Full text
7
Jingqi, Mo, and Tom Ulmet. "The Origin of NCCT International School Accreditation in China." Journal of Research in International Education 18, no. 1 (2019): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475240919837008.
Full textAbstract:
This article is a condensed translation from Chinese of the original PhD thesis by Dr Mo Jingqi and illustrates how international accreditation was introduced in China during a time of rapid government structural change. The article is valuable from three perspectives: first, it provides a rare insight into the means for introducing change in the education system in China; secondly, it describes the evolution of the role of the National Center for Curriculum and Textbook Development, a non-governmental organization, and how it became authorized by the Ministry of Education to implement education policy in China; and thirdly, the idea of transplanting into China a joint accreditation system for international schools is by itself a major historical change, the model of which may one day expand to other types of schools in China. It should be noted that the titles of Chinese references have not been translated as they can be found only in Chinese language. In addition, during those years of rapid change, the titles and roles of many government organizations also changed, including that of the National Center for School Curriculum and Textbook Development (NCCT). It is important to appreciate the challenges of language translation as many of the concepts have different meanings in Chinese and have changed during that time period. This includes the meanings of ‘international school’ and ‘accreditation’.
8
Chou, Ying Mei, and Chu Tsen Liao. "A Study on the Availability of Taipei Social Rented Housing Policy - Examining the Taipei Social Rented Housing Policy from the Public Housing Policy in Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.241.
Full textAbstract:
The legislation of public housing policy in Taiwan was in the 1949 after the Nationalist Government moved to Taiwan from China. Since 1949, Taiwan faced several difficult situations, for example the oil crisis period and the real estate economy took off. In 2000, government decided to stop this policy, and didn't offer any appropriate social housing policy. However, Taipei is the most densely-populated city in Taiwan. People could not buy their own private house for the high price. Its showed us a great deal of the need of housing rental. With this matter, Taipei City Government began to offer the public housing in 2012. This syudy compares the Taiwan national public housing policy and the Taipei local social housing overall policy planning. The purpose of this study is to examine if the Taipei social housing policy suits the rent market or not. We discussed the advantages and disadvantages of Taipei policy planning, analyzed the need of improvement on Taipei social housing policy.
9
Tong, James W. "The New Religious Policy in China: Catching up with Systemic Reforms." Asian Survey 50, no. 5 (2010): 859–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2010.50.5.859.
Full textAbstract:
China's new religious policy expands the institutional autonomy of religious organizations, limits the power of religious affairs bureaus, and provides for administrative appeal, judicial challenge, and sanctioning errant officials. As such, it is an effort of the Chinese government to integrate religious policy with its systemic socioeconomic and political reforms.
10
Xiang, Chenyao, Jiahong Liu, Weiwei Shao, Chao Mei, and Jinjun Zhou. "Sponge city construction in China: policy and implementation experiences." Water Policy 21, no. 1 (2018): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract To deal with the three universal urban water problems – namely storm floods, water pollution and water shortage – China has implemented a comprehensive solution: the Sponge City Construction Project. Sponge cities aim to reduce runoff and pollution, and also to restore downstream ecologies. They combine low impact development methods with grey infrastructures, large-scale flood control projects and rehabilitation. This paper describes Chinese experiences of construction and financing for implementation of sponge cities, which could provide references to other countries for building sustainable, climate-resilient cities and urban water management systems. It illustrates the objectives and methods of the sponge city design and demonstrates the differences in configuration and funding structures in cities of different climates and economic conditions. The total construction area involved in the pilot cities covers 449 km2. The configurations are distinct due to different economic conditions, climates and land forms: a humid district inclines to drainage-efficient approaches and pollution control devices, while a semi-humid district prefers green infrastructures and rainwater reuse facilities. The Chinese government plays an important role in the funding of sponge cities: Chinese central government provided CNY (¥)20.7 billion for the construction of 16 cities during 2015–2017, while the rest came from local governments and non-governmental investors.
11
Pizzi, Elise. "Ethnicity and Government Provision of Drinking Water Infrastructure in Rural China." Asian Survey 60, no. 4 (2020): 607–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2020.60.4.607.
Full textAbstract:
What areas of the country does the Chinese government prioritize for drinking water provision infrastructure? Chinese policy prioritizes ethnic minorities and minority autonomous areas due to concerns about inequality and interethnic harmony. However, the implementation is not always equitable or favorable for ethnic minorities. Drawing on a new data set of more than 10,000 drinking water projects, I explore how ethnicity and autonomy influence public goods provision in rural Guizhou Province. I find implementation concerns trump official policy priorities when it comes to drinking water infrastructure. Such facilities are more likely to be built in Han-majority areas, because implementation and project completion are easier for officials. The findings have implications for ethnic politics and public goods provision in nondemocratic contexts. They also demonstrate why regions with larger minority populations are often slower to develop and slower to receive better access to basic public services.
12
Yang, Xiushi. "The New Economic Policy and Permanent Migration in Zhejiang Province, China." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 6, no. 1 (1997): 103–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689700600106.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the impact of economic reforms on the volume and characteristics of permanent migration in Zhejiang Province, China. The data suggest that the new economic policy induced a surge in permanent migration during the post-reform years. Such positive impact of the reform on permanent migration has started to fade away in 1985, as government relaxed its control over residence. Moreover, market mechanisms started playing a more important role in employment, exchange, and consumption. The data also suggest that the new economic policy has particularly favored the better educated, and thereby increased educational differentials between permanent migrants and nonmigrants. For all other characteristics examined, the results show consistently that post-reform migrants are less differentiated from nonmigrants than their pre-reform counterparts.
13
Lai, Junyan, Lu Ding, Yuan Zhang, et al. "Development of NERSS Training Program for Earthquake Emergency Response Capacity Building of Local Governments." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 2 (2015): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0263.
Full textAbstract:
Responses to medium-magnitude earthquakes are as significant as to catastrophic earthquakes, because medium-magnitude temblors occur as many as a dozen times more than catastrophic earthquakes – at least from the year 1900. In China, local governments are obligated to protect residents against earthquakes that have a magnitude of <bm>Ms</bm>$6.0. The ways in which local governments perform these obligations differ, however, due to obstacles such as inadequate disaster planning, a lack of public earthquake awareness, and a shortage of qualified emergency managers. When an earthquake hits, the hazards that residents are unaware of may arise concurrently, putting thousands lives and millions of acres of property in danger. In short, the response capacity of local governments is crucial to an earthquake’s aftermath. To enhance the capacity of local government response to earthquake emergencies, the National Earthquake Response Support Service (NERSS) of China started work on training programs years ago. With the cooperation with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Japanese scientists in the last five years, based on lessons learned from China’s historical earthquakes and disasters, the authors have created the prototype for an earthquake disaster management curriculum, which it has then been demonstrated and continuously improved. This paper reviews the prototype curriculum and its development methodology, presents demonstrative deliveries of the curriculum, and discusses training effectiveness and further improvements. Applying an international emergency management framework and related experience, focusing on local government capacity building, the demonstrative trainings have been proved to be beneficial to local government response activities and the latest amendment to earthquake preplanning in China. Future systematic tracking research of training effectiveness is proposed to keep curriculum updating and appropriate as times change.
14
Remez, L. "Women in Rural China Want Two Children Despite Adherence to Government One-Child Family Policy." International Family Planning Perspectives 17, no. 4 (1991): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2133233.
Full text
15
Tsai, Kellee S., and Qingyan Wang. "Charitable Crowdfunding in China: An Emergent Channel for Setting Policy Agendas?" China Quarterly 240 (April 11, 2019): 936–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574101800139x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSocial media in China has not only become a popular means of communication, but also expanded the interaction between the government and online citizens. Why have some charitable crowdfunding campaigns had agenda-setting influence on public policy, while others have had limited or no impact? Based on an original database of 188 charitable crowdfunding projects currently active on Sina Weibo, we observe that over 80 per cent of long-term campaigns do not have explicit policy aspirations. Among those pursuing policy objectives, however, nearly two-thirds have had either agenda-setting influence or contributed to policy change. Such campaigns complement, rather than challenge existing government priorities. Based on field interviews (listed in Appendix A), case studies of four micro-charities – Free Lunch for Children, Love Save Pneumoconiosis, Support Relief of Rare Diseases, and Water Safety Program of China – are presented to highlight factors that contributed to their variation in public outcomes at the national level. The study suggests that charitable crowdfunding may be viewed as an “input institution” in the context of responsive authoritarianism in China, albeit within closely monitored parameters.
16
Chen, Jie. "Popular Support for Village Self-Government in China: Intensity and Sources." Asian Survey 45, no. 6 (2005): 865–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2005.45.6.865.
Full textAbstract:
Based on survey data collected in Jiangsu Province, this research finds that rural residents' evaluations of self-government institutions were more positive than those of the elected leaders. Villagers' subjective orientations——such as assessment of the village leaders' policy performance, beliefs in democratic institutions, and external efficacy——shaped their attitudes toward both self-government institutions and elected leaders.
17
Li, Wei, Zhanwei Zhang, and Yang Zhou. "Policy Strategies to Revive Rural Land in Peri-Metropolitan Towns: Resource Identification, Capitalization, and Financialization." Land 10, no. 2 (2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020132.
Full textAbstract:
Previous planning for rural revival in towns has emphasized construction and government-led policies. However, we argue that the dilemmas of peri-metropolitan rural areas, such as Desakota in China, are far more complex faced with rural super village and hollowed village transformations. Rural revival planning needs to coordinate with the development of urbanized and rural areas towards multifunctional goals and plans as a whole. Therefore, we selected the town master plan of Lijia, a typical peri-metropolitan village in China, as a case study. Through a historical–interpretative approach involving analysis of planning policies, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews with the key stakeholders involved, we structured the process and mechanism of rural revival in Lijia into three phases: resource identification, capitalization, and financialization. In different phases, different stakeholders adopt different roles. The government takes a leading role in resource identification and capitalization, while firms take a leading role in the process of financialization. “Market-dominant and government-guided” planning stimulates villagers to participate in rural revival. We highlight the importance of multifunctional land-use in terms of rural revival in the master planning of peri-metropolitan villages and provide a practical reference for uniting multiple stakeholders, including governments, firms, and villagers.
18
Zhao, Decheng, and Luhuan Wang. "School Governance Structure and Its Impact on Student Performance: A Comparative Study between Four Provinces of China and the PISA2015 High-Scored Countries/Economies." Best Evidence in Chinese Education 6, no. 2 (2020): 825–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/bece.20.ar072.
Full textAbstract:
Improving the school governance structure and establishing a modern school system are the current research focuses in elementary and middle school management. Through a comparative analysis of the school governance structure of four provinces and cities in China (Beijing-Shanghai-Jiangsu-Guangdong, BSJG) and PISA2015 high-scored countries/economies, we found that the school autonomy in seven major aspects including “teacher selection, teacher dismissal, evaluation policy, enrollment policy, textbook selection, curriculum content, and curriculum design” in BSJG schools was significantly lower than that of high-scored countries/economies. The average decision-making of BSJG principals and teachers in various affairs was also substantially lower than the high-scored countries/economies. The multilevel analysis found that the impact of school governance structure on student performance presented different patterns between BSJG and high-scored countries/economies. Therefore, China needs to (i) expand the autonomy of school management further and establish a new government-school relationship; (ii) give priority to curriculum management and ensure its autonomy in schools; (iii) improve the principal accountability system, and strengthen the principal’s power and responsibility in school management; (iv) strengthen democratic management, thereby promoting teachers’ participation in the decision-making of school affairs.
19
Melber, Henning, and Roger Southall. "Zimbabwe’s Foreign Policy Under Mnangagwa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 56, no. 2 (2021): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909620986579.
Full textAbstract:
Under the presidency of Mnangagwa, Zimbabwe’s foreign policy is characterized by the desire to ‘re-engage’ with the West with a view to securing the removal of sanctions and encouraging investment. In this, it has received the backing of the African Union and Southern African Development Community states. Simultaneously, the violence of the Mnangagwa regime has reinforced the reluctance of the West to remove sanctions, and Zimbabwe has even begun to test the patience of its neighbours. The government has placed renewed faith in the ‘Look East Policy’, but China is seeking to match its investments with tighter control.
20
Mu, Rui, Yan Li, and Yan Fu. "Can Government Communication Facilitate Policy Understanding Toward Energy Conservation? Evidence from an Old Industrial Base in China." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (2018): 3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093222.
Full textAbstract:
Policy understanding toward energy conservation is fundamental for voluntary energy-saving activities in the industrial sector. To increase policy understanding, government communication has been regarded as a means of helping enterprises to recognize, learn, and interpret energy conservation policies. This article builds up a conceptual framework for government communication and policy understanding. In the conceptual framework, the authors distinguish three dimensions (prior consultation, policy marketing, and policy training) of government communication, and make a distinction between subjective and objective policy understanding. The role of government communication in facilitating policy understanding is empirically tested in the field of energy-saving in China. The article finds that prior consultation and policy training have significant positive influence on policy understanding, and the effect of policy training is slightly larger than that of prior consultation. However, policy marketing does not show any significant impact on policy understanding. In particular, the role of prior consultation lies in promoting subjective policy understanding, while the function of policy training is to improve objective policy understanding. These findings have important implications for the government to carry out energy conservation. The article ends up with some practical policy recommendations.
21
Hughes, Christopher, and Robert Stone. "Nation-Building and Curriculum Reform in Hong Kong and Taiwan." China Quarterly 160 (December 1999): 977–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000001405.
Full textAbstract:
Recent changes in the relationships of Hong Kong and Taiwan to mainland China have presented education policy-makers in both territories with problems of reforming school curricula in areas of teaching that are important for the formation of national identity. While both territories are subject to claims that they are part of China, both have also been separated from the Chinese mainland for long periods, and in recent years their relationships with it have been undergoing fundamental changes. Hong Kong's relationship with China has become closer due to economic integration with the hinterland and the 1997 transfer of sovereignty. Taiwan's identification as a part of China, on the other hand, has become increasingly uncertain as the process of liberalization and democratization that began in 1986 has allowed sovereignty to be practised by the residents of the island and a sense of “Taiwan consciousness” (Taiwan yishi) to develop.
22
Yang, Zan, Rongrong Ren, Hongyu Liu, and Huan Zhang. "Land leasing and local government behaviour in China: Evidence from Beijing." Urban Studies 52, no. 5 (2014): 841–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098014529342.
Full textAbstract:
Since 2004, two auction mechanisms – listing auctions and tender auctions – have played a dominant role in land lease arrangements for real estate development in Beijing. Listing auctions in land markets are similar to general English auctions, where bidders offer the highest price to win. However, in tender auctions, winners are determined by the bidding price and the bidder’s financial capability and reputation. Based on granted land parcels from 2006 to 2012 in Beijing, this paper attempts to examine the price differences between the two auctions and the role of land auction in urban development and price stabilisation. We find that land policy in Beijing, which aims to stabilise land prices and to provide low-price residences, has been integrated with urban development planning in terms of spatial and density pattern. Land leasing in Beijing is not only a land policy but also a part of the strategy framework of local development.
23
Zhong, Yang, and Yongguo Chen. "Regime Support in Urban China." Asian Survey 53, no. 2 (2013): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2013.53.2.369.
Full textAbstract:
Why has the Chinese regime been resilient in the most populous country in the world? Based on survey data collected from five large Chinese cities, this study finds that a majority of Chinese urban residents show a certain degree of support for the current political regime and do not favor fundamental regime change. This diffuse regime support is largely determined by satisfaction with government performance in a number of policy areas that affect people’s daily lives.
24
Odgaard, Ole. "China's Low Carbon Energy Policy: National Dilemmas and Global Perspectives." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 33, no. 1 (2015): 13–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v33i1.4810.
Full textAbstract:
China has embarked on a more sustainable path to becoming an industrialized and developed nation. The main drivers are the insecurity of fossil energy supply, widespread pollution, and acute water shortage caused by exploitation of coal in northern China. China is now a leading nation regarding deployment of green energy technologies. But at the same time coal-based power plants seem to be commissioned more extensively than prescribed in the Five-Year Plans. Many local governments favour short term economic growth and employment creation and resent more costly green policies, despite pressure from the central government. In the coming decades, China will be the main contributor to the growing global energy consumption of especially oil, coal and nuclear power; it will also be the main contributor to global growth in CO2 emissions. However, recent policy initiatives launched by the central government aim to bypass the local opposition to greener development by introducing more economic incentives to reduce fossil fuel demand. The outcome of these attempts to weaken federalist governance will be imperative for a more sustainable development of China's energy sector.
25
Zheng, Ping Ping, and Jing Zhong Zhang. "Study on the Development of Environmental Industry in China." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2076.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental industry has become one of the world's hottest sunrise industry and there is a big necessity for China to import leading environmental technology from the EU to develop environmental industry and build Sustainable economic development.However,problems such as unsatisfying environmental policy implementation,not advanced environmental technology R&D investment and financing system,lacking of long-term strategic planning and not perfect innovation mechanism and talent management and so on,greatly reduce the efficiency of putting the technology introduced into use and developing the environmental industry.In order to solve that,government have to strengthen the environmental supervision,formulate appropriate R&D investment and financing policy,enact enterprise long-term strategic planning and also improve the personnel management.
26
Wang, Yun Shan, Shi Jing Wang, Yuan Yu, and Juan Ping Li. "Inner Mongolia Wind Power Development Mode and Policy Discussion." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1369.
Full textAbstract:
Wind power generation has made great development in China in recent years. The paper researches on development course of wind power in Inner Mongolia region, where wind power resources is richest in China and the installed capacity of wind power is largest, and proposes the suggestions of the related development mode and policy. China wind power represented by Inner Mongolia has just experienced rapid growth. The rapid growth of the scale also brings some problems. China government shall refer to development mode and current situation of the countries with a higher development degree of wind power, consider the specific situation of China, timely adjust development mode of wind power, and improve wind power planning and related policies to guide China wind power to continue fast healthy development. Thus, improve the utilization level and sustainable development ability of renewable energy in China.
27
Ma, Ying. "Reconceptualizing STEM Education in China as Praxis: A Curriculum Turn." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 4961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094961.
Full textAbstract:
STEM education has drawn considerable international attention in recent decades. Current practices of STEM Education in China have shown that STEM is understood primarily as a policy-driven and economic problem. This paper challenges the reduced technical frameworks of STEM education and draws on the theoretical framework of the reconceptualization movement in the curriculum field. It aims to shift scientific or social science paradigms with languages of humanity to reapproach STEM education. STEM education is hence reconceptualized as praxis in its lived, ethical and historical dimensions. It would transform STEM education in China from being targeted for economic growth to attending to lived, nuanced and rich STEM experiences, structured by ethics and threaded by history. STEM teachers and teacher educators are advised to understand anew about STEM in their situatedness. STEM could serve as an opportunity to critically reflect on and research each discipline in greater depth with inter-disciplinary lenses. Instead of integrating science, technology, engineering and mathematics seamlessly to form omnipotent toolsets for the 21st-century workforce in China and on the international landscape, a reconceptualization of STEM as praxis could continue to generate more sustainable STEM education.
28
Jha, Prem Shankar. "China–India Relations under Modi." China Report 53, no. 2 (2017): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517696630.
Full textAbstract:
The sweeping changes in the foreign policy of Narendra Modi’s government in India reflect several departures from previous year. Most prominent shift was from non alignment that was designed to steer India clear of involvements that could harm the country by diverting its resources from development and social consolidation into militarisation and war. Another shift is from the policy of equidistance which was not a refusal to get involved but an assertion that India would choose when, where and how to get involved, reflecting the rise of India’s soft power. These shifts have ramifications on bilateral relations of India and China and carry substantial impact on future trends of engagements between the two.
29
Su, Weihua, Yuying Wang, Lan Qian, Shouzhen Zeng, Tomas Baležentis, and Dalia Streimikiene. "Creating a Sustainable Policy Framework for Cross-Border E-Commerce in China." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (2019): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11040943.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to adapt the social network analysis method to explore the characteristics of 59 cross-border e-commerce policies promulgated by the Chinese government from January 2013 to July 2018. On this basis, the paper quantitatively analyzes the internal structure and dynamic layout characteristics of sustainable cross-border e-commerce policy documents focusing on three dimensions: policy service contents, policy regulatory targets, and policy measures. The results suggest that policies involving service contents lack long-term strategic planning, especially those related to taxation and warehousing. In addition, policies regarding service system construction and demonstration construction follow an upward trend, whereas policies related to international cooperation and risk monitoring are less prevalent. Finally, it is suggested that the government pays attention to the supervision of payments, transactions, and goods in the early stage of development, but began conducting comprehensive supervision over all aspects of the cross-border e-commerce supply chain in 2015. Thus, there has been a relatively mature regulatory system established in China with particular attention to the aspects of quality and safety.
30
Yu, Jinkai, and Wenjing Bi. "Evolution of Marine Environmental Governance Policy in China." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (2019): 5076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185076.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to unearth the ways in which the Chinese government applies policies to govern the marine environment effectively. Co-word analysis, word frequency analysis and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) were chosen to analyze the evolution of marine environmental policy. This paper focuses on the marine environmental governance policy of China since 1982, takes the five-year plan for marine economic development as the node, divides these policies into five stages: The germination period, the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the 12th Five-Year Plan period and the 13th Five-Year Plan period. The evolution characteristics of China’s marine environmental governance policy are analyzed accordingly and include the diversification of participants, changes from ex-post control to ex-ante control, diversification of policy tools, and expansion of governance scope. Finally, we elucidate the challenges regarding the formulation and implementation of China’s marine environmental governance policies in the future.
31
WANG, GUOYAN. "Wall Slogans: the Communication of China's Family Planning Policy in Rural Areas." Rural History 29, no. 1 (2018): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679331800002x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:The one-child era, which lasted thirty-five years (1980–2015), was a unique period in Chinese (and even world) history. With the introduction of the universal two-child policy in 2016, China put an end to the age of the one-child policy. Since the policy change has come into effect, China's rural areas, which contain approximately 800 million people, have experienced a very particular historical phenomenon. Due to the changes in China's family planning policy, slogans painted on walls have evolved in terms of the messages they carry to grassroots rural areas. Once conveying China's family planning policy propaganda with, at times, a shocking and controversial tone, the wall slogans in rural areas have evolved with the wider changes to the country's family planning policy. However, this dying, unique way of communication between the government and rural areas is being consigned to the memory of the times of rural policy advocacy in China.
32
Milani, Mohsen M. "Iran's Policy Towards Afghanistan." Middle East Journal 60, no. 2 (2006): 235–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/60.2.12.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1979, Iran's objectives in Afghanistan have changed as Afghanistan's domestic landscape changed. Still, Iran has consistently sought to see a stable and independent Afghanistan, with Herat as a buffer zone and with a Tehran-friendly government in Kabul, a government that reflects the rich ethnic diversity of the country. Toward those and other goals, Iran has created “spheres of influence” inside Afghanistan. During the Soviet occupation (1979-88), Iran created an “ideological sphere of influence” by empowering the Shi'ites. Iran then created a “political sphere of influence” by unifying the Dari/Persian-speaking minorities, who ascended to power. Iranian policies added fuel to the ferocious civil war in the 1990s. Astonishingly slow to recognize the threat posed by the Taliban, Iran helped create a “sphere of resistance” to counter the “Kabul-Islamabad-Riyadh” axis by supporting the Northern Alliance. Since the liberation of Afghanistan, Iran has also established an “economic sphere of influence” by engaging in the reconstruction of Afghanistan. Today, Iran's goals are to pressure the Afghan government to distance itself from Washington, and for Iran to become the hub for the transit of goods and services between the Persian Gulf and Afghanistan, Central Asia, India, and China. While Iran has been guilty of extremism and adventurism in some critical aspects of its foreign policy, its overall Afghan policy has contributed more to moderation and stability than to extremism and instability.
33
Wang, Qiang, Zhongfu Tan, Gejirifu De, Qingkun Tan, and Lei Pu. "An Evolutionary Game Study of Clean Heating Promotion Mechanisms under the Policy Regulation in China." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143778.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, various Chinese provinces have greatly reduced their coal consumption due to new environmental protection policies. Because of these policies, the orderly development of the clean energy heating mode has been effectively promoted. As the problem of air pollution in the northern part of China is particularly prominent, adopting clean heating in winter is an important solution to control air pollution for those regions. However, there is a tricky balance to be struck between the government and the heating companies when it comes to using clean heating during winter. Therefore, it is crucial for the government and heating enterprises to research new strategies. Consequently, this paper carries out a comprehensive study on the multiple factors influencing the game relationship between the government and heating enterprises, and tries to set up a more general model for the theoretical analysis of mechanisms of clean heating promotion, as well as their numerical simulation. The research results show: (1) The initial possibilities available to government and heating enterprises have a significant impact on the final strategy choice for the heating system; (2) due to advantages such as increases in social benefits, subsidies, fines, and clean heating profits, as well as the lessening of traditional heating costs, and regardless of the decrease in traditional heating profits, it is possible for the government to adopt the promotion strategy; and (3) there are more opportunities for heating companies to pursue in order to implement clean heating strategies. In conclusion, this paper proposes valuable suggestions for the government and heating companies concerning clean heating in China.
34
Gao, Ya, Xiuting Li, and Jichang Dong. "Does Housing Policy Sustainability Matter? Evidence from China." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (2019): 4761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174761.
Full textAbstract:
The housing market plays an important role in the Chinese economy and society. To promote the functioning of the housing market, the Chinese government has imposed many policies and regulations. However, most of these regulations do not take sustainability into consideration. Using a difference-in-difference approach, this paper investigated the impacts of home purchase restriction (HPR) on the housing market in China. While most studies have only focused on the impacts of HPR implementation on the housing market, we also investigated the effects of HPR removal. The results revealed that HPR brings about a decline in the growth of house prices and the impacts are more significant in the short run. Furthermore, the effects of HPR vary across different cities., where they are particularly pronounced in the central and western cities. Moreover, there was no evidence to show that the removal of HPR affected house prices as expected. This suggests that it is important to improve the sustainability of housing policies, which has significant policy implications for obtaining a well-functioning housing market.
35
Zhu, Xiaoya, Yunli Zhu, and Xiaohua Meng. "Government Environmental Information Disclosure and Environmental Performance: Evidence from China." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126854.
Full textAbstract:
Government environmental information disclosure (GEID) is a key policy instrument in environmental governance. Local governments in China are improving the disclosure level of environmental information, but does the environmental information disclosed by local governments reflect the existing state of the local ecological environment? This paper analyzes the correlation between GEID and environmental performance and verifies whether or not the environmental information disclosed by local governments can reflect actual local ecological environment conditions. Based on data from Chinese cities, this paper adopts a multiple regression method, and the results show that the environmental information disclosed by governments can reflect the local environmental performance as a whole, and the higher the level of GEID, the better the local environmental performance; but the relationship between the two has significant regional differences. In eastern China, the higher the level of GEID, the better the local environmental performance. In central and western China, the correlation between GEID and environmental performance is not significant. In addition, it should be noted that the correlation between the level of GEID and the emission intensity of water pollutants is not significant in all regions. This study contributes to further clarifying the effectiveness of GEID policy and identifying a breakthrough for the optimization of environmental policies faced with the dilemma of serious environmental pollution and urgent economic development needs.
36
Ma, Du, and Wu. "Government Intervention and Automobile Industry Structure: Theory and Evidence from China." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (2019): 4721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174721.
Full textAbstract:
The development of the automobile maintenance industry less developed to satisfy the increasing demand for automobile maintenance service as the automobile manufacturing industry increased rapidly in China. This is not conducive to the sustainable development of the automobile industry. Besides the factors of market behavior that can affect the automobile industry structure, like an investment, operation structure or economic development stage, the structure is also influenced by government intervention. We investigated the unbalanced development of automobile structure from the perspective of government incentives, and provide a logical framework for analyzing the industrial policies on the automobile industry. We first established a two-sector theoretical model with government intervention, and we found that the governments’ GDP incentive induced the biased intervention policy. More preferential policies are given to enterprises of automobile manufacturing industries as they contribute more to intermediate goods and capital. The greater the government’s GDP incentive, the more biased the intervention will be. Then we test the differential impact of GDP incentive on tax avoidance of the two kinds of firms empirically. The empirical results show that GDP incentive of the government induced more preferential treatment to automobile manufacturing enterprises, and thus, increased their tax avoidance. This phenomenon is more significant in SOEs, larger firms and firms belong to local governments. Understanding the incentive and implementation of industrial policy can help us know the evolution of automobile industrial structure better, and then improve industrial policy better to promote the transformation and upgrading of automobile industrial structure.
37
NIE, JING-BAO. "The Problem of Coerced Abortion in China and Related Ethical Issues." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8, no. 4 (1999): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180199004077.
Full textAbstract:
Since the early 1970s, despite popular opposition, to control the rapid growth of population the Chinese government has been carrying out the strictest and most comprehensive family planning policy in the world. In addition to contraceptive methods and sterilization, artificial abortion—both surgical and nonsurgical—has been used as an important measure of birth control under the policy. Many women have been required, persuaded, and even forced by the authorities to abort fetuses no matter how much they want to give birth.
38
Li, Zhonglu, and Xiaogang Wu. "Social Policy and Political Trust: Evidence from the New Rural Pension Scheme in China." China Quarterly 235 (September 2018): 644–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018000942.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article analyses the data from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to investigate the effects of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) on people's political trust and policy expectations in China. Results from difference-in-differences (DID) analyses show that those in the NRPS pilot areas reported higher levels of trust in government at both central and local levels than their counterparts in non-NRPS areas, with the former gaining more support than the latter. Moreover, the potential NRPS beneficiaries show similarly higher levels of trust in both central and local governments than non-NRPS beneficiaries. However, the policy did not increase rural residents’ rights consciousness that the government should take the main responsibility for the provision of the old-age support. These findings suggest that citizens' political trust under an authoritarian regime is mainly determined by the material benefits they receive.
39
Han, Hongyun, and Shuang Lin. "Government Size and Regional Capital Flows in China." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (2019): 6653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236653.
Full textAbstract:
Capital flows are key variables supporting the sustainability of economic growth. Based on a dataset of 31 provinces in China over 1997–2014, this paper utilizes the system generalized method of moments (System GMM) to investigate the determinants of capital flows and analyses the impact of government size on capital flows. Preliminary results show that government size exerts a negative effect on capital inflows. Specifically, government spending on capital construction and administration crowds out capital inflows significantly, while government spending on science and technology crowds in capital inflows dramatically. In addition, high quality human capital, advanced financial development, and high-level trade openness are conducive to capital inflows. High tax and labor cost impede capital inflows. These results provide proof for China’s government to reduce the size of government spending appropriately and optimize its government expenditure structure for the purpose of crowding in capital inflows.
40
Chang, I.-Chun Catherine. "Failure matters: Reassembling eco-urbanism in a globalizing China." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 8 (2017): 1719–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16685092.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is an attempt to reassess the role of failure in policy mobilities. Empirically, this paper examines the various aftermaths of, and the continuing trans-local connections originating from, the prominent but un-materialized Sino-British Shanghai-Dongtan eco-city—with a particular consideration on its relation with a subsequently realized project—the Sino-Singapore Tianjin eco-city. The findings reveal that despite its apparent failure, Dongtan eco-city established a set of urban planning procedures adopted by many, including those who designed and delivered the Tianjin eco-city. Meanwhile, Dongtan’s failure to materialize motivated the Chinese government to pursue collaboration with the Singaporean government over the increased involvement of private Western partners. The intent to avoid association with Dongtan’s failure also fostered a new eco-urbanism model based on rebranding the planning practices of Singapore’s public housing. Parts of Dongtan eco-city have also lived on through the international circulation of a piece of planning software that was first developed for the failed project. This paper contributes to the policy mobilities literature by challenging its dominant focus on successful exemplars and exploring how a project fails in implementation yet parts of it remain mobile, influential and present in other developments. This paper also advances the understanding of contemporary urban sustainability by revealing how eco-urbanism models are co-produced in this globalizing era between the global North and South, as well as within the global South.
41
Xu, Liu, Qin, and Ma. "The Sustainable Development of Land-lost Peasants’ Citizenization: A Case Study of Dongbang Town, China." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (2019): 5560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205560.
Full textAbstract:
Urbanization can be categorized as “spontaneous” and “compulsory” according to its mode of occurrence. In the latter case, the local government acquires the agricultural land and then promotes the transformation of the land-lost peasants to urban residents by enforcing various policy combinations. Based on an empirical case analysis of compulsory urbanization in China, this study proposes that the material assistance and guarantee mechanism provided by the local government is of great significance in the process of rapid conversion of land-lost peasants to citizens. However, the local government needs to continue adopting various policy measures to support the land-lost peasants in order to further adapt to urban life and develop their identities as urban citizens. The local government should also maintain the balance between “compulsive” and “spontaneous” policy styles in the midst of urbanization, and transform the concept of urbanization from “economy-oriented” to “people-oriented”.
42
Dong, Shanshan. "Local Government's Urban Planning Behavior, Investment Impulse and Macroeconomic Stability." Open House International 44, no. 3 (2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0008.
Full textAbstract:
To improve the government's ability to regulate the economy, perfect the performance of macro-control, and promote stable and healthy economic development, according to the relevant data since the reform and opening up, the deep system of investment impulsive behavior of local government in China is explored at this stage, and the idea of constructing an intergovernmental macro-control coordination mechanism is proposed. The results show that if a regional government can expand in line with the policy cycle, it can not only send a positive signal to the central government to respond to the macro-control, but also gain the upper hand in the local competition. However, if the effective demand in the region is still insufficient, the expansion plan is likely to evolve into excessive investment, and the region will face greater risks of overcapacity and local debt in the long run. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the investment behaviors of local governments in China at the present stage, analyze their characteristics and appearances, and find the causes of the investment impulse of local governments, so as to establish the macro-control coordination mechanism among Chinese governments.
43
Manion, Melanie. "Politics and Policy in Post-Mao Cadre Retirement." China Quarterly 129 (March 1992): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000041205.
Full textAbstract:
Personnel changes in the party and government in communist systems are typically politicized and personalistic. Changes occur as the result of natural death, political error or consolidation of personal power from the top. Cadres able to manoeuver around the vagaries of politics enjoy de facto lifelong tenure. In 1978, the experience in the People's Republic of China (PRC) was no different in that regard: lifelong tenure, barring political error, had existed since the consolidation of power in the 1950s. Purge had been the dominant form of exit from office in the PRC. And because purge had not meant physical liquidation in the Chinese case, veteran revolutionaries had survived and reappeared to dominate the Party and government bureaucracies for decades.
44
Chen, Chen, and Shuang Liu. "Empowering Rural Development in Urbanizing China: A Government Intervention Perspective." Journal of Regional and City Planning 32, no. 2 (2021): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2021.32.2.2.
Full textAbstract:
Through a literature review and a case study, this research reviewed the rural development accompanying the urbanization process in China to summarize the evolution of country-level rural policies at different stages of the urbanization process. The authors state that the evolution of China’s urban-rural relationship has gone through five stages (i.e. the initial stage, the take-off stage, the accumulation stage, the urban-rural coordination stage, and the urban-rural integration stage) and has currently entered a period of slowing urbanization growth. However, there are still large differences in the level of urbanization development in various regions. Taking Shanghai, Suzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhejiang and several regions in central and western China as examples, the different responses of these cities and regions to the central government’s policies at different stages of urbanization were compared, as well as the rationality of policy intervention in rural areas. Finally, this paper re-conceptualizes the practice of rural development in the context of China’s rapid urbanization and proposes a government intervention development model adapted to the stages of urbanization. Abstrak. Melalui tinjauan literatur dan studi kasus, artikel ini mengulas pembangunan perdesaan dalam proses urbanisasi di Cina, dan merangkum evolusi kebijakan pedesaan tingkat negara pada berbagai tahap urbanisasi. Artikel ini percaya bahwa evolusi hubungan perkotaan-perdesaan China telah melalui lima tahap ‘awal, lepas landas, akumulasi, koordinasi perkotaan-perdesaan, integrasi perkotaan-perdesaan’ dan secara umum telah memasuki periode pertumbuhan urbanisasi yang melambat. Namun, tingkat perkembangan urbanisasi di berbagai daerah masih relatif besar. Selanjutnya, dengan mengambil contoh Shanghai, Suzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhejiang dan beberapa wilayah di Cina tengah dan barat, kami membandingkan respons yang berbeda dari daerah pada tahap pembangunan yang berbeda terhadap kebijakan pemerintah pusat serta rasionalitas intervensi kebijakan di daerah perdesaan. Terakhir, penelitian ini mengkonsep ulang praktik pembangunan perdesaan dalam konteks urbanisasi China yang pesat, dan mengusulkan model pembangunan intervensi pemerintah yang menyesuaikan dengan tahapan urbanisasi. Kata kunci. urbanisasi, pembangunan perdesaan, intervensi pemerintah, praktik lokal, China.
45
Huang, Ting. "Local Policy Experimentation, Social Learning, and Development of Rural Pension Provision in China." Pacific Affairs 93, no. 2 (2020): 353–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2020932353.
Full textAbstract:
The rural pension system, co-financed by rural residents' contributions and government subsidies, is a remarkable institutional innovation in China. To better understand the establishment and policy design of this system, this article studies the local experimentation of (partly) government-funded new rural pension schemes prior to the national policy guideline issued in 2009. The focus is on the role of social learning as a crucial driving force in this process. Through a process tracing based on in-depth interviews in Daxing of Beijing and Baoji of Shaanxi Province, this article illustrates how local governments struggled to find suitable financing models for rural pensions, and relied primarily on hands-on experimentation and experiences. During the mobilization of participation in the schemes, the repeated and constant interactions between local officials and rural residents promoted a form of mutual learning that contributed to local policy adaptation and rural residents' internalization of the value and basic rules of contributory pension provision. The local experience had a cumulative impact on the ideational reorientation of the central officials regarding the state's financial role in provision. Specifically, the financing model in Baoji created new options that facilitated the reconciliation of a set of different concerns and objectives at the centre, notably fiscal affordability, wide coverage, and modest managerial burden, which, this article argues, was the major reason for the incorporation of this model into the national policy. The article concludes by discussing the implications of the establishment of the rural pension system and its provisions on rural state-society relations in China.
46
Laurent, Manon. "Filial Nationalism in Global Competition: The 2001 Reform of Mandarin Textbooks." Pacific Affairs 93, no. 3 (2020): 543–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5509/2020933543.
Full textAbstract:
In the early 2000s the Chinese government initiated a profound shift in how it sought to represent China at home and abroad. Whereas many scholars and China watchers argue that a newly assertive China emerged in the wake of the 2008 economic crisis, I argue that this shift took place in the curriculum reforms nearly a decade earlier. An analysis of the evolution of textbooks used for primary Mandarin instruction shows that, starting in 2001, textbooks were developed to inculcate a perennial bond between an increasingly globalized population and its motherland. Specifically, I show how the emergence of filial nationalism was crafted in Mandarin-language textbooks, laying the groundwork for a new generation of Chinese youth to simultaneously feel pride for and loyalty to the motherland while preparing them for integration into a globalized world.
47
Widagdo, Windu, and Isa Anshori. "CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE." Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 3 (2021): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v5i3.1085.
Full textAbstract:
Since the appearance of the positive cases COVID-19 for the first time in Indonesia in March 2020, the number of confirmed positive cases and deaths has continued to increase to this day. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a systemic impact on all aspects of life, especially in education sector. In the event of a disaster emergency, education must continue with access and education services carried out in accordance with the conditions and centered on the fulfillment of children's educational rights and educational services carried out online. Based on this, the government has switched the learning and teaching process, which was originally in school to be at home or Home Study (BDR). In implementing this government policy, it is necessary to implement the school curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aims to find out the curriculum implementation during covid-19 pandemic in sociological perspective. The research method used is qualitative method, this was to find information on curriculum implementation in the form of planning, implementation and assessment of curriculum at Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo Junior High School during the covid-19 pandemic. The results obtained from this research, that is the implementation of the curriculum is very important in regulating learning during the covid-19 pandemic that must continue to run despite the social distancing implementation.
48
Ye, Wang. "Strategic Research on China Domestic Power System Modeling." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001509010175.
Full textAbstract:
Power system modeling is a software management tool for managing electricity demand, power system trading electricity and power system generation expansion planning purposes, through the combination of various models and their comparison, which can be used by the Government for its policy support and by the power enterprises for their business development planning decision support, and ensure that power enterprises can provide sufficient and safe quality power supplies at the lowest economic and environmental costs. Based on the study of existing power system models of advanced western countries as well as the current domestic power system modeling status, this article puts forward some proposals and ideas on building domestic power system models.
49
Cai, Jigang. "EAP in China: A case study of a paradigm shift in Shanghai College English programmes." International Journal of English for Academic Purposes: Research and Practice: Volume 2021, Issue Spring 2021, Spring (2021): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ijeap.2021.2.
Full textAbstract:
Against the backdrop of the internationalization of higher education, Shanghai tertiary institutions in mainland China implemented a paradigm shift from test-driven EGP (English for General Purposes) to EAP (English for Academic Purposes) in 2013. Based on the needs analysis of specialist departments and pedagogical constraints, a hybrid EAP approach was adopted to fend off general criticism of EAP practices and hindrances from policy makers of different levels. To facilitate the shift, we used a top-down approach with Shanghai government support, designed an EAP-focused curriculum, planned EAP teacher-training programmes, organized project-based and publication-oriented student forums and conferences, developed EAP tests, and created a China EAP Association. Some implications for the paradigm shift have finally emerged from the findings.
50
Gong, Qian, Yushan Duan, and Fengtao Guo. "Disaster Risk Reduction Education in School Geography Curriculum: Review and Outlook from a Perspective of China." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073963.
Full textAbstract:
In order to investigate the content evolution of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in the school geography curriculum in China, this research used the five dimensions of DRR learning framework, namely knowledge, response, action, participation, and integration, as a platform and a conceptual premise upon which to review the primary and secondary school geography curriculum standards from 1986 to the present. Geography as a carrier subject had been an integration approach of DRR in the national curriculum in China. Using the method of qualitative content analysis with the support of the software NVivo 12, we came to the following results: the DRR-relevant content in the geography curriculum standards that used for analysis in this research had undergone constant changes and finally reached a relatively stable state; the changes of DRR-relevant contents in primary school, middle school, and high school curriculum presented different characteristics. In the future geography curriculum reform, it is necessary to realize that the term disaster does not describe the natural event per se, but instead its impact on/consequences for infrastructure and society. It is bound to add more DRR-relevant content that belongs to the “action” dimension and the ‘participation’ dimension, especially at the primary and middle school stages, and to systematically incorporate the DRR-relevant content of the “integration” dimension into the school geography curriculum.