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Journal articles on the topic 'Curved root canal'
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Juhasz, Alexander, Csaba Hegedus, Ildiko Marton, Balazs Benyo, Kaan Orhan, and Csaba Dobó-Nagy. "Effectiveness of Parameters in Quantifying Root Canal Morphology Change after Instrumentation with the Aid of a Microcomputed Tomography." BioMed Research International 2019 (July 2, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9758176.
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The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of some parameters which characterise the change in morphology in human root canals subjected to ProTaper rotary enlargement with the help of an X-ray microfocus computed tomography (MCT) and to introduce a novel parameter that is effective in quantifying changes in root canal morphology. Ten each straight and curved root canals with mature apices chosen from extracted human upper incisor and canine teeth were scanned with MCT before and after canal shaping using ProTaper rotary instruments in order to facilitate three-dimensional digital reconstruction and quantitative gauging of relevant instrumental parameters and changes therein (surface area and volume). Root canal geometry change and the effectiveness of shaping were quantified with Structure Model Index change (ΔSMI) and surface area change to volume change ratio (ΔSA/ΔV). These two parameters were also tested on simulated canals. Postinstrumentation cross-sectional changes were also analysed, but only on the plastic blocks. Statistical analysis of parameters was carried out to verify the significance of results. Analysis of cross-sectional shape of postinstrumented resin simulated canals showed statistically significant decrease in Form Factor (p<0.05) and statistically significant increase in Eccentricity (p<0.005). ΔSMI did not show significant difference between straight and curved canals. SMI values showed bidirectional change during root enlargement which questions the reliability of this metric in analysing instrumentation. Statistically significant (p<0.005) deviations in ΔSA/ΔV were quantified as 1.92 and 3.22 for straight and curved human canals, respectively. Instrumentation-induced canal geometry change was determined to be more pronounced in curved canals using the novel parameter ΔSA/ΔV. This has been proven as being a statistically accurate and reproducible parameter for quantitative characterisation of root canal geometry change and differentiation of preparational efficacy for both straight and curved root canals.
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Leonardi, Denise Piotto, Gilson Blitzkow Sydney, Mario Tanomaru Filho, Flares Baratto-Filho, Samantha Schaffer Pugsley Baratto, and Paulo Sergio Cerri. "Performance of RaCe Instrumentation System in Curved Root Canals: A Comprehensive Analysis by Three Study Methods." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 3 (June 2013): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201301920.
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In this study, curved maxillary molar root canals were instrumented with RaCe rotary system to evaluate: 1. the occurrence of canal transportation using a radiographic platform; 2. the action of the instruments on the dentin walls, centering ability and canal enlargement by analysis of digital images; and the percentage of regular dentin surfaces and debris within the canal by histological analysis. Ten mesiobuccal roots of extracted human maxillary molars were embedded in acrylic resin and sectioned at the middle and apical thirds. Root canal shaping was performed using the RaCe rotary system at 250 rpm and 1 Ncm torque. Each instrument set was used five times according to a crown-down technique in the following sequence: 40/0.10, 35/0.08, 25/0.06, 25/0.04, 25/0.02 (working length - WL), 30/0.02 (WL) and 35/0.02 (WL). Each instrument was inserted until resistance was felt and then pulled back, followed by brushing movements towards all canal walls. Each specimen was assessed by three study methods: radiographic platform, digitized image assessment and histological analysis. The radiographic platform showed lack of apical transportation. No statistically significant difference (Wilcoxon test, p>0.05) was found between the middle and apical thirds regarding instrument action on dentin walls, centering ability, area of root canal enlargement, percentage of regular dentin surfaces and debris within the root canal. It may be concluded that RaCe system is a suitable method for the preparation of curved root canals, regarding the maintenance of root canal original path, action on dentin walls, canal enlargement and removal of debris from the root canal lumen.
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Mustaffa, Musliana, Hajar Ar Rahmah Nasri, Insyirah Kamarulzaman, and Mohamad Shafiq Mohd Ibrahim. "GuttaFlow Bioseal as Monocone Obturation Technique in Curved Root Canals: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study." Science Letters 15, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v15i2.13824.
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The obturation quality of GuttaFlow Bioseal in curved root canals is not commonly investigated although there has been a current approach toward utilizing this material in extracted molars in recent years. This study assessed the obturated surface area, extrusion of root filling material beyond the apical foramen and duration of obturation procedure in curved root canals using monocone obturation technique. Access cavity was prepared in 20 human mandibular molars. Root canals with curvature of more than 10 as determined according to Schneider’s method were included. Samples were prepared using Hyflex CM rotary files and divided into two groups (n=10): Group 1 [gutta-percha cone and GuttaFlow Bioseal] and Group 2 [gutta-percha cone and RoekoSeal Automix root canal sealer]. The duration of obturation procedure was recorded and obturation radiographs were taken. Samples were bisected and the mesial roots were sectioned horizontally to obtain 3 root segments; apical, middle and coronal. All resected roots were mounted on brass stubs, sputter-coated with thin platinum coating and observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 70x magnification. The SEM images were transferred to the SketchAndCalc Area Calculator software. No statistically significant differences in the obturated surface area and extrusion of root filling material were observed between Group 1 and 2, irrespective of the status of root canal curvature. Duration for obturation in severe root canal curvatures between Group 1 and 2 were statistically significant. Obturated surface area and extrusion of root filling material were not affected by the root canal curvature, however duration for obturation using GuttaFlow Bioseal in severe root canal curvatures was slightly longer.
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Rocha, Mariana Santoro, Brenda Leite Muniz, Marianna Fernandes Carapiá, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Justine Monteiro Monnerat Tinoco, Fernanda Hecksher, and Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva. "Transportation assessment in simulated curved canals after retreatment with rotary and reciprocating systems." Revistas 74, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.18363/rbo.v74n3.p.187.
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Objective: this study evaluated the ability of rotary (ProTaper-Retreatment and Mtwo-Retreatment) and reciprocating (Reciproc and WaveOne) systems in maintaining the original shape of the canal after root canal retreatment. Material and Methods: forty curved resin blocks with simulated root canals were prepared and filled. After that, each block was randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10) according to the retreatment system used. Stereomicroscopic images from each block were taken before and after retreatment procedures. Evaluation of canal transportation was obtained for all canal length and for 2 independent canal regions: straight and curved parts. ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was used (P<0.05). Results: for all canal length ProTaper-Retreatment system showed lowest transportation values followed by Reciproc, MTwo-Retreatment and WaveOne systems (P <0.01). At the straight part, ProTaper-Retreatment system produced the lowest canal transportation followed by Reciproc and MTwo-Retreatment systems (P < 0.05); at the curved part, ProTaper-Retreatment and Reciproc systems produced the lowest canal transportation followed by MTwo-Retreatment system (P < 0.05). The WaveOne system resulted in the highest transportation values at both canal parts (P < 0.05). Conclusion: overall, ProTaper-Retreatment system produced less canal transportation in both portions of the simulated canals than the others systems tested after retreatment procedures.
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Kovacs Ivacson, Andrea Csinszka, Mariana Pacurar, Monica Monea, Monika Kovacs, Mihai Pop, anamaria Bechir, and Angela Borda. "Efficiency of Different Nickel-Titanium Endodontic File Systems in Cleaning and Apical Transportation of Simulated Curved Root Canals." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 5 (June 15, 2017): 957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.5.5589.
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The use of nickel-titanium instruments have become an important part of the root canal treatment, in order to facilitate the cleaning and shaping of root canals, because the incorrect utilization of the endodontic files during endodontic treatment may produce unwanted procedural errors. The aim of this study was to evaluate on simulated curved root canal models the cleaning efficiency and the apical transportation in three reference areas of the root canal files, ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer), K3XF (Sybron Endo) and HyFlex (Coltene Endo) systems, compared to the hand K-files (DentsplyMaillefer). According to our results, rotary file systems are more efficient than the hand files, in cleaning the root canal.
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Oh, Young-Ryul, Hye-Min Ku, Dohyun Kim, Su-Jung Shin, and Il-Young Jung. "Efficacy of a Nickel-Titanium Ultrasonic Instrument for Biofilm Removal in a Simulated Complex Root Canal." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 4914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214914.
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This study evaluated the effectiveness of NiTi ultrasonic tips for Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm removal in simulated complex root canals. Sixty root canal models consisting of a 30-degree curved main canal and two lateral canals were constructed from polydimethylsiloxane and incubated with E. faecalis. Irrigants in root canals were activated using a manual syringe (SI), a stainless steel (SS) instrument, a nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) ultrasonic instrument, or a sonic instrument (EA). Instruments of SI, SS, and NiTi-9 groups were placed 9 mm from the apex, whereas those in NiTi-2 and EA groups were placed 2 mm from the apex. The efficacy of each method was determined as the ratio of fluorescence concentration before and after activation. In the apical curved canal, the highest efficacy was found in the NiTi-2 group (99.40%), followed by SI (84.25%), EA (80.38%), SS (76.93%), and NiTi-9 (67.29%) groups. In lateral canals 1 and 2, the efficacy was the highest in the NiTi-2 group and the lowest in the SI group. The NiTi ultrasonic instrument could effectively remove biofilms in the curved canal and lateral canals. This instrument should be introduced close to the working length. An up-and-down motion of the activation instrument is recommended.
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Blackler, Stephen M. "Cleaning The Curved Root Canal-Mission Impossible?" Australian Endodontic Journal 24, no. 3 (December 1998): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.1998.tb00037.x.
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Beljic-Ivanovic, Katarina, and Vladimir Ivanovic. "Anatomical features of the palatal root canal in maxillary first molars and their influence on endodontic procedure." Serbian Dental Journal 55, no. 1 (2008): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0801043b.
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Introduction: More detailed acquaintance with specialist endodontic literature and treating complicated endodontic cases have revealed that the palatal root canal in maxillary first molars has different features from generally accepted simplicity. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the number, orientation and shape of the curvature of the palatal root canal in maxillary first molars, characteristics that may have great influence on the procedure and outcome of endodontic therapy. Materials and methods: Material consisted of 100 left and 100 right extracted human first maxillary molars. Extended access cavity was prepared, and canal orifices were detected using an endodontic probe. K-flex file no 15 or 20 was then introduced into the palatal root canal until the tip appeared at the apical foramen. The tooth was radiographed from buccal-oral (clinical) and mesial-distal (proximal) aspect under standardized conditions. On magnified images, the number and character of canal, orientation and shape of the curvature were determined. Results: One palatal root canal was found in each of 200 teeth. From the clinical projection, 60% of the palatal canals appeared curved and from the proximal 93.5% (p<0.05). Out of 120 curved canals from the clinical aspect, 66.7% were oriented distally and 33.3% mesially. From the proximal projection, of 187 curved canals 68,4% were oriented buccally, and 31,6% palatally. From the clinical projection, 49.2% were C-shaped, and 32.5 % with the J-shaped curvature. Only 18.3% of the palatal canals were with the S-shaped curvature (p<0.05). Conclusions: Upon presented results, practitioners may predict with high significance the character, orientation and curvature shape of the palatal root canal in maxillary first molars in the buccal-oral dimension which is not visible on clinical radiographs and, therefore, perform more successful endodontic treatment.
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Uppin, Veerendra, Vinaya Varghese, Madhu Pujar, Nirmal Kurian, and Hemant Vagarali. "Comparison of Canaltransportation and Centering Ability of Protaper Next, Hyflex Cmandwave One System Using Cone - Beam Computed Tomography-an in-Vitro Study." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 04, no. 02 (August 2016): 088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672052.
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Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of Rotary ProTaper Next, Hyflex CM and Wave One primary systems using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in curved root canals. Materials and Methods: Total 30 freshly extracted maxillary first molars having root canals with curvature between 10°- 20° were divided into three groups of 10 teeth each. All teeth were scanned by CBCT to determine the root canal shape before instrumentation. In Group 1, the canals were prepared with ProTaper Next files, in Group 2 with Hyflex CM files and in Group 3 with Wave One files. After preparation, post-instrumentation scan was performed. Pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation images were obtained at 3 mm and 6 mm above the apical foramen and were compared using CBCT software. The amount of canal transportation and centering ability were assessed and statistically compared with one way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant test. (p<0.05). Results: All instrumentation systems used resulted in some amount of canal transportation. Data obtained suggested that Wave One files caused significantly lesser transportation and remained better centered in the canal than Hyflex CM and Rotary ProTaper Next files. Conclusion: The canal preparation with Wave One files results in lesser transportation and better centering ability than Hyflex CM and ProTaper Next rotary files in curved root canals.
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Miró, Gabriela Behne, Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho, Edson Pelisser, Mariana Maciel Batista Borges, Marco Antônio Hungaro Duarte, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, and Flares Baratto-Filho. "Comparison of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of ProGlider and WaveOne Gold Glider in Curved Canals." European Journal of Dentistry 14, no. 04 (August 31, 2020): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715780.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the volume variation and maintenance of the root canal position when using the ProGlider 16.02 (PG) and the WaveOne Gold Glider 15.02 (WOGG) file systems for glide path preparation. Materials and Methods Twenty-four moderately curved mesiobuccal canals of maxil-lary first molars were selected and randomly divided into two groups: PG and WOGG. The selected teeth were scanned using microtomography before and after root canal preparation to assess centralization and linear transport at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apical foramen. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed with the Mann–Whitney U test. The level of significance was 5%. Results There were no significant differences in volume variation or root canal transport (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the centralization of the root canal at 3 mm from the foramen (p < 0.05). Conclusions WOGG and PG instruments presented similar results regarding the root canal volume increase and transport. WOGG caused higher decentralization at 3 mm from the apical foramen.
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LIM, K. C., and J. WEBBER. "The effect of root canal preparation on the shape of the curved root canal." International Endodontic Journal 18, no. 4 (October 1985): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1985.tb00449.x.
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D'Amario, Maurizio, Francesco De Angelis, Maddalena Mancino, Massimo Frascaria, Mario Capogreco, and Camillo D'Arcangelo. "Canal shaping of different single-file systems in curved root canals." Journal of Dental Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 2017): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2017.03.001.
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Cimpean, Sanda Ileana, Adrian Mihai Varvara, Smaranda Dana Buduru, Ioana Sofia Ciutrila, Mihaela Carmen Hedesiu, Anca Ciurea, and Loredana Adela Colceriu Burtea. "CBCT Evaluation of Changes in Root Canal Geometry Induced by the Chemical Structure of NiTi Alloys of Three Rotary Systems." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.6.8181.
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Preservation of the root canal anatomy is very important for the success of endodontic treatment.Properly instrumentation of curvet root canals is influenced by flexibility of endodontic instruments which depends on composition and thermomechanical treatment of the metallic alloy. The aim of the current study was to compare the changes in root canal geometry after the preparation with two systems that work in reciprocating motion (Reciproc25, Primary Wave One) and another one in continuous rotation (One Shape), using CT measurements. Forty-five canals of extracted molars with curvatures ranging from 9 to 40 degrees were chosen for this study. The canals were divided, according to the canal curvature into three homogeneous groups and were prepared with three different rotary systems: group I with Reciproc file 25.08 (VDW, Munich, Germany), group II with Wave One Primary 25.08 (Dentsply-Maillefer Ballaigues, Switzerland) and group III with One Shape 25.06 (Micro Mega, Bensancon, France).All groups were scanned pre and post instrumentation, using NewTo 3G CBCT (QR, Italy, FOV, 0.16mm voxel size). The following parameters were assessed after measurements on cross-sectional CBCT images: the centering ability, diameter change, canal transportation. All instruments maintain the original canal curvature well, resulting in no significant differences of their centering ability (P]0.05) and canal transportation (P]0.05). The highest increase in diameter of canal was observed with Primary Wave One, which was not statistically significant for the entire canal (P]0.05). Instrumentation with Reciproc was faster than instrumentation with One Shape and Wave One,but the differences were not statistically significant (P]0.05). All systems perform safe and proper canal preparations and can be used in root canal treatment of curved canals.
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Mamede-Neto, Iussif, Álvaro Henrique Borges, Ana Helena Gonçalves Alencar, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Manoel Damião Sousa Neto, and Carlos Estrela. "Multidimensional Analysis of Curved Root Canal Preparation Using Continuous or Reciprocating Nickel-titanium Instruments." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010032.
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Objective: To evaluate transportation (T) and centering ability (CA) of root canal preparations using continuous or reciprocating nickel-titanium endodontic files. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular first and second molars were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=16) according to the rotary file used: 1. ProTaper Next; 2. ProTaper Gold; 3. Mtwo; 4. BioRaCe; 5. WaveOne Gold; 6. Reciproc. Root canals were prepared according to manufacturer’s instructions. Cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained before and after root canal preparation. Measurements were made at six different reference points: 2, 3 and 4 mm from the apex and 2, 3 and 4 mm below furcation in different directions. Results: The greatest Mesiodistal (MD) Transportation (T) was found for Reciproc files (p<0.05), and the greatest buccolingual (BL) T, for Reciproc, ProTaper Gold and ProTaper Next files (p<0.05). The greatest Mesiodistal (MD) Centering Ability (CA) was found for BioRaCe files (p<0.05), and the greatest Buccolingual (BL) CA, for BioRaCe and Mtwo files (p<0.05). Conclusion: All systems produced root canal transportation. No file system achieved perfect CA of root preparation. Reciproc files had the greatest MD T and BL T. BioRaCe files had the greatest MD CA, whereas BL CA was similar for BioRaCe and Mtwo files.
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Krutika Kiran, Kadam, Vagarali Hemant, Pujar Madhu A, Tamase Aishwarya S, and Sahana Umesh. "Comparative evaluation of shaping ability of trunatomy and protaper gold files in curved canals using cone?beam computed tomography: An invitro study." IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2021.023.
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This study aimed to compare the canal transportation and canal centering ability in the preparation of curved root canals after instrumentation with TruNatomy (TN) (TN; Dentsply Sirona, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ProTaper Gold (PG) (PG; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA) files using cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT). 30 Single rooted extracted human teeth with root curvature ranging from 20-30° according to Schneider’s method were selected. Teeth with any visible cracks or fractures, calcifications, previous root canal treatments were excluded. The teeth were randomly assigned into two groups i.e. Group 1-TN and Group 2-PG (n = 15 each). The teeth were instrumented according to manufacturer’s guidelines for both the groups. Canals were scanned using a CBCT scanner before and after preparation to evaluate the transportation and centering ratio at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm from the apex. The data analysis was done using SPSS software and the test used was independent sample t test for comparison between the 2 groups.Data obtained suggested that TN group presented lesser canal transportation at the middle third of the root. The PG group showed better centering abitily at apical third of the root canal when both the groups were compared. TN resulted in less transportation than PG at the middle third, and PG showed better centering ability at the apical third. Overall, both systems safely prepared root canals, causing minimal errors.
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Pécora, Jesus Djalma, and Alexandre Capelli. "Shock of paradigms on the instrumentation of curved root canals." Brazilian Dental Journal 17, no. 1 (2006): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402006000100001.
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This paper makes a practical analysis about the paradigm on the instrumentation of curved root canals. In Endodontics, a paradigm has been created. Theories and techniques for instrumentation of curved root canals state that the use of a #25 file in the apical portion fulfills all the requirements for cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. Every scientific theory or paradigm should be continuously opened to modifications or refutation. The existence of extremely flexible instruments fabricated from metal alloys, methods for accurate determination of the real anatomic diameter and achievement of optimal shaping and cleaning of the apical portion created new theories and a new paradigm on the instrumentation of curved root canals. Therefore, this new insight will gradually modify the mentality of researchers and clinicians, but will still be open to further investigations and theories.
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Wigler, Ronald, Tal Koren, and Igor Tsesis. "Evaluation of Root Canal Cleaning and Shaping Efficacy of Three Engine-driven Instruments: SafeSider, ProTaper Universal and Lightspeed LSX." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 11 (2015): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1780.
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ABSTRACT Aim To compare the cleaning effectiveness and shaping ability of SafeSider, ProTaper Universal and Lightspeed rotary instruments during the preparation of curved root canals in extracted human teeth. Materials and methods A total of 63 roots with curved root canals were divided into three groups. Canals were prepared using SafeSider, ProTaper Universal or Lightspeed LSX. Using pre- and post-instrumentation radiographs, straightening of the canal curvatures and loss of working length were determined with a computer image analysis program. The amounts of debris at the apical 5 mm were quantified on the basis of a numerical evaluation scale. The data were analyzed statistically using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results There was significantly more transportation among the Lightspeed LSX group compared to the SafeSider and ProTaper Universal groups only at the 4 mm level (p < 0.05). The ProTaper Universal instruments performed significantly faster than other groups. No significant differences were observed between the three engine-driven instruments with regards to debris removal. Conclusion SafeSider, ProTaper Universal and Lightspeed LSX rotary instruments maintained the original canal curvature well at the apical 3 mm and were safe to use. No difference was found in cleaning efficacy and none rendered the apical part of the canal free of debris. Clinical significance SafeSider, ProTaper Universal and Lightspeed LSX rotary instruments are safe to use in curved root canals. How to cite this article Wigler R, Koren T, Tsesis I. Evaluation of Root Canal Cleaning and Shaping Efficacy of Three Engine- Driven Instruments: SafeSider, ProTaper Universal and Lightspeed LSX. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(11):910-914.
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Briseño, B. M. "RS 70 A prototype of root canal instrument for the preparation of curved root canals." Journal of Endodontics 20, no. 4 (April 1994): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80403-6.
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Kuzekanani, Maryam, Faranak Sadeghi, Nima Hatami, Maryam Rad, Mansoureh Darijani, and Laurence James Walsh. "Comparison of Canal Transportation, Separation Rate, and Preparation Time between One Shape and Neoniti (Neolix): An In Vitro CBCT Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (September 7, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6457071.
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Purpose. This in vitro study compared root canal preparation in curved mesiobuccal canals of molar teeth using either the One Shape™ or the Neoniti (Neolix) rotary NiTi single-file systems, assessing canal transportation, instrument separation and time required for preparation. Methods. Extracted maxillary and mandibular human molar teeth with mesiobuccal canals having apical angles of curvature between 25 and 35o were selected and embedded in acrylic resin blocks, and an initial CBCT was taken. The teeth were divided into two equal groups (n = 20), and the canals were cleaned and shaped using either Neoniti™ or One Shape™ engine-driven NiTi rotary files. Each individual instrument was used to prepare 5 canals. The time required for the preparation of each canal was recorded. Postpreparation CBCT scans were taken and used to determine the extent of canal transportation at levels of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality was applied, and then, datasets were compared using independent t-tests, with a threshold of P < 0.05 . Results. Neoniti rotary files caused significantly less canal transportation of the curved canals ( P = 0.0001 ). On the other hand, the time required for canal preparation was significantly shorter for One Shape ( P = 0.0001 ). No instrument separation was recorded in both groups. Conclusion. Based on these results, the Neoniti™ rotary file system is preferred because it maintains the original shape of curved root canals better than One Shape™; even though this benefit comes at the cost of an increase in preparation time in clinical practice, the better technical performance may be more important than a difference in procedural time.
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Turkaydin, Dilek Erbay, Mahir Gunday, Hesna Sazak Ovecoğlu, and Yıldız Garıp. "Canal Centring Ability of ProTaper and Mtwo Rotary Systems in Curved Canals." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 18, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2015-0014.
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SUMMARYThe purpose of this investigation was to compare centring ratio of ProTaper and Mtwo rotary systems. 60 mandibular molar teeth which had 25, 30 and 35 degree curvature in mesio-buccal root canal were used. Group 1 had 25°, Group 2 had 30°, and Group 3 had 35° curvatures. The roots were sectioned horizontally at 2 mm away from the apex. The apical region was then observed under a stereo-microscope. In each group, teeth were instrumented using ProTaper and Mtwo systems. After canal preparation, digital images of apical part of canals were taken. These images were then superimposed by using Adobe Photoshop CS2 programme. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student’s t-test.No significant differences were found between each curvature degrees and rotary systems at the apical part of curved root canals (p<0.05).
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De, Lima, Giselle Nevares, Felipe Xavier, Ferraz Gominho, and Albuquerque de. "A comparative study of protaper and twisted file nickel titanium instruments in curved canals preparation." Serbian Dental Journal 60, no. 4 (2013): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1304175d.
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Introduction. Root canal instrumentation is performed to achieve cleaning and shaping with maximum preservation of its original anatomy. However, in curved canals this approach may cause excessive damage or canal transportation. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in dentin wall caused by instrumentation of curved canals using two nickel titanium rotary systems, ProTaper and Twisted File. Material and Methods. Twenty five extracted human mandibular first molars with two separated mesial root canals were selected. Distal roots were amputated and 50 canals (25 mesiobuccal and 25 mesiolingual) were randomly assigned into two groups: group 1 - ProTaper, and group 2 - Twisted File. All files were used with torque control engine, following the manufacturer instructions. The final instruments were F3 (group 1) and #30/.06 (group 2). Pre and postoperative cross sections were obtained from coronal, middle, and apical portions. Changes in dentin wall were measured and evaluated using Bramante method and digital image software. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney U test (p<0.05). Results. The ammount of dentin removed by ProTaper in cervical and middle canal thirds was significantly greater than with Twisted File (p=0.040 and p=0.043). ProTaper eliminated significantly greater ammount of dentin than Twisted File from mesial wall in coronal sections (p=0.039). Mean differences in distance from the center to other walls were not statistically significant in the middle and apical thirds of both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. ProTaper system produced greater changes in cross sectional area of the root canal compared to Twisted File system.
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Gajoum, Abdulrzag, Ebrahim Patel, Ismail E. Munshi, and Saidah Tootla. "A comparison of root canal transportation and centering ability between WaveOne® Gold and Protaper Next® files, using microcomputed tomography." South African Dental Journal 76, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no1a3.
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This study compared the transportation and centering ability of ProTaper Next (PTN) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) files in curved permanent teeth using micro-computed tomography (μCT). Twenty-four molar teeth with curved roots were divided randomly into two equal groups. The root canals of one group was prepared using PTN files, and the other using WOG files. Pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation μCT imaging were taken for all the teeth. The dentine thickness of the pre-and the post-instrumentation cross sections was measured at eight different points at three levels: 3, 5 and 7mm from the apex, by two dentists using image analysis software. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, at a 5% significance level. The transportation in both groups was within the range accepted in the literature. The WOG file exhibited significantly less root canal transportation compared with the PTN file (p=0.001). The WOG file showed a significantly (p<0.001) higher mean centering ratio of 0.4286 when compared to that of PTN at 0.2448. Using a novel technique to measure canal transportation, this study found that the WOG and PTN systems were both suitable for preparation of curved molar root canals, but the WOG showed significantly less canal transportation and better centering ability than the PTN system.
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Alfadley, Abdulmohsen, Abdalrhman Alrajhi, Hamad Alissa, Faisal Alzeghaibi, Lubna Hamadah, Khalid Alfouzan, and Ahmed Jamleh. "Shaping Ability of XP Endo Shaper File in Curved Root Canal Models." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (February 17, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4687045.
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The aim of this study was to assess the shaping ability of the XP Shaper (XPS) file in severely curved canal models under simulated body temperature and compare it with that of the WaveOne Gold (WOG) file. Ninety-six simulated root canals were equally distributed into XPS and WOG systems to be shaped by eight files each. Files were assessed under a stereomicroscope prior to canal shaping to detect deformation if any. The canals were shaped at 35 ± 1°C using the X-Smart Plus motor. Images of the canals were obtained before and after instrumentation using a stereomicroscope to measure the amount of removed resin from both the inner and outer curvature sides at apex (0 mm) and 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex. The shaping time was calculated. The data were statistically analyzed by the independent t-test at 5% significance level. The XPS and WOG systems shaped the canals in 37.0 ± 9.5 and 62.6 ± 11.3 seconds (P<0.05), respectively. At the apex level, the amount of resin removal in both sides did not show a significant difference between the tested groups (P>0.05). At 3 mm and 6 mm levels, the WOG removed more resin than XPS at both sides (P<0.05). In XPS, deformation was observed in four files: one file after the first use, one file after the fourth use, and two files after the sixth use. In WOG, two files were deformed: one file after the fifth use and one file after the sixth use. One XPS file was fractured after the sixth use. In short, XPS and WOG files can be used in shaping severely curved canals as they showed the ability to maintain the original shape with minimal transportation. Both file systems showed signs of deformation after use with a lower number of deformed files observed in WOG throughout the experiment.
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CAMPS, J., G. MACOUIN, and W. J. PERTOT. "Effects of the Flexogates and Canal Master U on root canal configuration in simulated curved canals." International Endodontic Journal 27, no. 1 (January 1994): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1994.tb00224.x.
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Türker, Sevinç Aktemur, and Emel Uzunoglu. "Comparison of Canal Transportation, Centering Ratio by Cone-beam Computed Tomography after Preparation with Different File Systems." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 5 (2015): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1690.
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ABSTRACT Aim One Shape Apical 1 (OSA 1) is a new file for preparing the apical aspect of the root canal after One Shape (OS, Micro Mega, Besançon, France). This study compared apical transportation and centering ratios in curved root canals, which were instrumented with ProTaper Next (PTN, Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) up to size X3 and with OS up to OSA 1. Materials and methods Forty-eight mesial canals of mandibular molars were assigned into two groups (n = 24) with respect to canal length and curvature. Root canals were accessed conventionally and preperation was completed with PTN files up to X3 or with OS up to OSA 1 according to the manufacturer's protocols. Apical transportation was assessed pre- and postinstrumentation using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm sections. A Friedman test was performed to assess the significance between file systems. Results No significant difference was found between the file systems regarding apical transportation and centering ratio values (p > 0.05). Transportation in the mesial direction was greater than the distal transportation for both file systems. Conclusion Considering apical transportation and centering ratio in curved canals, two systems provided similar results. Clinical significance Preparation up to One Shape Apical 1 or ProTaper Next X3 was shown similar results regarding apical transportation and centering ratio. Both systems were safe to use in curved molar root canals. How to cite this article Uzunoglu E, Turker SA. Comparison of Canal Transportation, Centering Ratio by Cone-beam Computed Tomography after Preparation with Different File Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):360-365.
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Wong, Choon Yoong, Yan Xia Liaw, Jhiew Zhan Wong, Lee Chian Chen, and Abhishek Parolia. "Factors associated with the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by undergraduate dental students in a Malaysian Dental School." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 15, no. 1 (October 13, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v15i1.8647122.
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Aim: A retrospective clinical audit was carried out on records of endodontic treatment performed by dental undergraduates. The audit was performed to evaluate the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by dental undergraduates and determine the associated factors. Methods: 140 records of patients who had received root canal treatment by dental undergraduates were evaluated through periapical radiographs by two examiners (κ =0.74). The root canal fillings had their quality evaluated according to extent, condensation and presence of procedural mishap. Possible factors associated with technical quality such as tooth type, canal curvature, student level and quality of record keeping were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed using chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: Among the 140 root-filled teeth, acceptable extent, condensation and no-mishap were observed in 72.1%, 66.4% and 77.9% cases respectively. Overall, the technical quality of 68 (48.6%) root-filled teeth was considered acceptable. Overall, non-acceptable root canal fillings were significantly more likely to be observed in molars (69.2%), moderately and severely curved canals (71.4%) and junior students (61.5%). There was no association between acceptable root canal fillings and quality of record keeping. Conclusions: The technical quality of root canal fillings was acceptable in 48.6% cases and it was associated with tooth type, degree of canal curvature and student seniority.
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Domenyuk, Dmitry, Taisiya Kochkonyan, Ghamdan Al-Harazi, Sergei Dmitrienko, Mukatdes Sadykov, Larisa Ostrovskaya, and Stanislav Domenyuk. "THE POTENTIAL OF MICROCOMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN STUDYING THE VARIANT MORPHOLOGY OF THE DENTAL CANAL-ROOT SYSTEM." Archiv Euromedica 11, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2199-885x/2021/11/3/15.
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— High-resolution microfocus computed tomography performed on a Skyscan 1176 (Bruker) device was used to study morphological features of the canal-root systems of the upper jaw first molars in residents of the European part of Russia. An analysis of coronal, axial and sagittal sections of 134 upper jaw first permanent molars removed for medical reasons revealed variations in the canal-root system structure. In 85.8% of the cases, the first upper molars had three separate roots: two vestibular and one palatal; in 14.2% of the cases the roots make up different fusions. The palatal root bent in the buccal direction in 52.9% of the cases, while the mesiobuccal root bent in the distal direction in 87.9% of the cases. The greatest variety of curvatures was observed in the distal-buccal root: towards the mesial side — in 28.3% of the cases, another 21.6% of cases being curved towards the distal side. The palatal root in 90.3% of the cases had one canal; 9.7% of the cases featured two canals, while the distal-buccal root in 73.9% of the cases had one canal, and two canals — in 26.1% of the cases. In 89.6% of the cases, the mesiobuccal root had two canals; in 10.4% of the cases — one canal. The mesiobuccal root of the first upper molars was of an oval shape, elongated in the vestibular-oral direction, the most common structures being those of Type IV (43,3%), II (25.4%), III (8.2%) and VI (7.4%) by F. J. Vertucci. The occurrence rate of extra types of root canal structure was 7.4%.
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Olek, Tomasz, Władysław P. Węglarz, Agata Trzcionka, Arkadiusz Dziedzic, and Marta Tanasiewicz. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Endodontic Instruments’ Precision during “L-Shaped” Model Root Canals Preparation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031051.
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The purpose of the mechanical root canal preparation is to clean it and give it the right shape. The preparation should be carried out in a way that maintains the original curvature and initial orientation of the apical end. Insufficient root canal preparation may prevent effective chemical decontamination and obturation to the full working length. The study aims to evaluate the shaping ability and effectiveness of the NiTi rotary and reciprocating endodontic instruments, compared to standard hand files using magnetic resonance imaging based on spin echo. Material and methods: A comparative study of severely curved root canals’ shaping abilities using three NiTi systems and K-type hand files was performed, with 40 training “endo-blocks” presenting with “L-shaped” canal. The root canal topography and geometry “before” and “after” mechanical preparation obtained by the magnetic resonance imaging based on the spin echo was used. The main measurement was made using the RARE sequence, with slice thickness reduced to 100 micrometers. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, NA = 25 was used. To minimize the measurement time, the field of view was limited to a cuboid 17 × 16 × 3 mm, with a resolution of 33 × 31 × 100 micrometers. Each 3D image consisted of 512 × 512 × 30 voxels. The imaging plane has been selected in such a way as to fully illustrate the course of curvature of the model root canal. For TR = 5 s and effective TE = 36 ms, TA was 1.5 h. Measurements were performed twice, before and after the preparation of endo-blocs with a selected type of endodontic tools. Results: The use of rotary NiTi instruments caused a substantial alteration in the curvature topography and angle of the canals and change in the curvature length. The substantial discrepancy was observed during the preparation of simulated root canals with the reciprocating instruments and the use of WaveOne files led to the largest volume variation. No dependence between the amount of material removed and the measured intracanal side was observed when NiTi instruments were used. Preparation with hand K-type files revealed a relationship between the measuring side and the amount of material removed, with the lower values obtained for the canals’ internal curvatures. Conclusions: All the studied endodontic instruments allow a safe preparation of curved root canals in simulating in vivo conditions. The abbreviation of original root canals topography does not seem to be significantly altered following mechanical preparation of simulated, severely curved root canals. The spin echo-based magnetic resonance imaging technique can be utilized for visualization of the internal topography of the root’s canals in vitro before and after their mechanical preparation in in vitro conditions. In the future, magnetic resonance microscopy may become a diagnostic tool supporting the work of a clinician.
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Estrela, Carlos, Mike R. Bueno, Fernando B. Barletta, Orlando A. Guedes, Olavo C. Porto, Cyntia R. A. Estrela, and Jesus Djalma Pécora. "Identification of Apical and Cervical Curvature Radius of Human Molars." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 4 (August 2015): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-64402013x0252.
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<p>To determine the frequency of apical and cervical curvatures in human molars using the radius method and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Four hundred images of mandibular and maxillary first and second molars were selected from a database of CBCT exams. The radius of curvature of curved root canals was measured using a circumcenter based on three mathematical points. Radii were classified according to the following scores: 0 - straight line; 1 - large radius (r>8 mm, mild curvature); 2 - intermediate radius (r>4 and r<8 mm, moderate curvature); and 3 - small radius (r≤4 mm, severe curvature). The frequency of curved root canals was analyzed according to root canal, root thirds, and coronal and sagittal planes, and assessed using the chi-square test (significance at α=0.05). Of the 1,200 evaluated root canals, 92.75% presented curved root canals in the apical third and 73.25% in the cervical third on coronal plane images; sagittal plane analysis yielded 89.75% of curved canals in the apical third and 77% in the cervical third. Root canals with a large radius were significantly more frequent when compared with the other categories, regardless of root third or plane. Most root canals of maxillary and mandibular first and second molars showed some degree of curvature in the apical and cervical thirds, regardless of the analyzed plane (coronal or sagittal).</p>
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Gencoglu, Nimet, and Dilek Helvacioglu. "Comparison of the Different Techniques to Remove Fractured Endodontic Instruments from Root Canal Systems." European Journal of Dentistry 03, no. 02 (April 2009): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697413.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: To evaluate the success of certain methods that can be used in the removal of separated instruments from different levels in curved and straight canals.Methods: Instrument removal attempts were undertaken on 63 straight and 30 curved canals containing a pre-fractured instrument using the ultrasonics under the visualization of an operating microscope or conventional methods. In straight canals, a Masseran Kit was additionally used to these techniques. The success of instrument removal in relation to the techniques used and the location of the fragments in the root canal were evaluated. Successful treatment was defined by the removal or complete by passing of the fragments.Results: The overall success rate was found 93.3% with ultrasonics and 66.6% when only conventional methodswere used in curved canals. In straight canals, also the success rate was the highest with ultrasonics (95.2%). This was followed by conventional method (80.9%) and the least by Masserann Kit (47.6%). When the success rate was investigated according to the location of the broken instruments, the lowest rate was found in the apical third of root canal.Conclusions: Location of the fragment and the shape of the root canal influence the success of fractured instrument management. Ultrasonics under the visualization of an operating microscope was found to be an effective removal method. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:90-95)
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Huang, Zhuwei, Jingjing Quan, Jia Liu, Wen Zhang, Xiaolei Zhang, and Xiaoli Hu. "A microcomputed tomography evaluation of the shaping ability of three thermally-treated nickel-titanium rotary file systems in curved canals." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518801451.
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Objective To evaluate the shaping ability of three thermally-treated rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems including ProTaper Next (PTN), HyFlex™ CM (HFCM) and HyFlex™ EDM (HFEDM) during root canal preparation in simulated root canals. Methods A total of 45 simulated root canals were divided into three groups ( n = 15) and prepared with PTN, HFCM or HFEDM files up to size 25. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to scan the specimens before and after instrumentation. Volume and diameter changes, transportations and centring ratios at 11 levels of the simulated root canals were measured and compared. Results HFEDM caused significantly greater volume increases than HFCM and PTN in the entire root canal and in the apical and middle thirds. HFCM removed the least amount of resin in the coronal third compared with HFEDM and PTN. Overall, HFCM caused significantly less transportation in the apical 2 mm and was better centred than PTN in the apical 3 mm. Conclusion Under the conditions of this study, all systems prepared curved canals without significant shaping errors and instrument fracture. PTN and HFCM cut less resin than HFEDM. HFCM stayed centred apically and cut the least material coronally.
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Oliveira, Cesar Augusto Pereira, Maria Inês Meurer, Cristina Pascoalato, and Silvio Rocha Correa Silva. "Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of the apical third of curved roots after mechanical preparation with different automated systems." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 5 (2009): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000500004.
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The present study evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) the apical canal transportation and centralizing ability of different automated systems after root canal preparation. The mesiobuccal canals of maxillary first molars (n=10 per group) were prepared with: GI - reciprocating system with K-Flexofile; GII - reciprocating system with NiTiFlex files; GIII - rotary system with K3 instruments; GIV - rotary system with RaCe instruments. CBCT scans were taken before and after biomechanical preparation up to a #40.02 diameter. Canal transportation was determined by measuring the smallest distance between the inner canal walls and the mesial and distal sides of the root. The centralization ability corresponded to the difference between the measurements from transportation evaluation, using the linear voxel to voxel method of analysis. The mean transportation was 0.06 ± 0.14 mm, with a tendency to deviate to the mesial side of the root (n=22), with no statistically significant difference among the groups (p=0.4153). The mean centralization index was 0.15 ± 0.65 also without statistically significant difference among the groups (p=0.0881). It may be concluded that apical canal transportation and centralization ability were not influenced by the type of mechanical movement and instruments used.
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Andreazza, Jader Vinicius, Miguel Assis Martins Dos Santos, Lucas Siqueira Pinheiro, Júlia Eick Iglesias, Fernanda Ulmann Lopez, and Fabiana Soares Grecca. "Centering ability, canal transportation and surface modifications of ProTaper F2 and F3 used in continuous rotation and reciprocating motion in curved root canals." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia de Porto Alegre 60, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2177-0018.86208.
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Aims: To evaluate the centering ability, canal transportation and surface modifications of F2 and F3 ProTaper Universal (PT) instruments used in continuous rotation (CR) and reciprocating motion (RM) for the preparation of curved root canals. Material and methods: sixty mesiobuccal root canals of upper molars with curvatures between 25º and 35° were divided into three groups: I - PT in CR up to F3; II - PT in RM up to F3; III - F2 and F3 PT instruments in RM. Cone Beam Computed Tomography images were obtained before and after instrumentation. The scans were superimposed to determine the centering ability and canal transportation in apical, medium and cervical thirds. The apical 6 mm of the F2 and F3 files were evaluated under Scanning Electron Microscope before and after 1, 3 and 6 uses to assess distortion, surface wear and fracture. The statistical analysis of centering ability and canal transportation were performed by Kruskal–Wallis and ANOVA, respectively. The scores for deformation and surface wear were compared using ANOVA. Fisher’s exact test was used for the evaluation of instrument fracture. Results: there were no significant differences between groups regarding centering ability and canal transportation, as well as, for distortion, surface wear and fracture (p>.05). Conclusion: F2 and F3 instruments can be used for curved canals instrumentation. However, when used for entire canal preparation, F2 and F3 should be discarded after single use.
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Voiculeanu, Monica, Ioana Suciu, Bogdan Dimitriu, and Mihaela Grigore. "Aspects of the biomechanical root canal treatment – step-back technique. In vitro study." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.4.10.
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Evaluation of post-operative root canal shape have been performed using simulated root canals in resin blocks and magnification analysis (stereomicroscope) have been used for the study. The technique selected was stepback with conventional hand stainless steel instruments. The aim of studies on post-operative root canal shape is to evaluate the conicity, taper and flow and maintenance of original canal shape and to record the degree and frequency of straightening, apical transportation, ledging, zipping, teardrops, elbows. Ideal preparation forms for the root canals can be possible without any preparation errors with circular incorporation of the original canal cross section – if the technique starts with adequately precurved negotiating files. Preparation errors (zips, canal transportation, apical perforations, elbows, teardrops, etc) can occur mostly when stainless steel hand instruments (K-file) are used for moderate to severe curved of root canals, especially K-file with cutting tips and not prebent. Ideal preparation shape without any preparation errors could be a final shape and adequate shape even for conventional hand files and step-back technique. For the first area of step back technique, even for the begining, we can usually use various prebent stainless steel hand instruments for pathfinding. In many cases, conventional hand instruments produces adequate shapes for the root canals. For this final shape, is important to use adequately precurved negotiating files. Conventional stainless stell are rigid enough that thay should be precurved to match the curvature of the canal during instrumentation. Conventional hand instruments has two basic design, Kerr-file and Kerr-reamer. Kerr-file could be used to enlarge the canal with a longitudinal filing action. Kerr-reamer may used in a same fashion, but is much more flexible instrument than K-file. Noncutting tip follow the canal better than instruments with active tips – clinically usefull element.
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TEPEL, J., E. SCHÄFER, and W. HOPPE. "Root canal instruments for manual use: cutting efficiency and instrumentation of curved canals." International Endodontic Journal 28, no. 2 (March 1995): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1995.tb00161.x.
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Allen, Francis W. "Part 1: “I would Rather have a Root Canal than...” Francis W Allen discusses the challenges of cleaning the canal thoroughly to minimize pain and ensure long-term success." World Journal of Dentistry 1, no. 1 (2010): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1005.
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ABSTRACT Cleaning and shaping of root canal system forms the most important step in root canal root canal therapy. Unfortunately most of the instruments and techniques advocated are unable to remove residual debris and bacteria, ultimately resulting in pain and failure. To eliminate the causes of pain, and ensure success, we must use instruments and employ a technique that can best accomplish proper cleaning and shaping. Virtually all canals have parallel walls, and are curved and oval in shape. Hence tapered instruments are unable to clean the canal effectively and increase the chances of ledges and transportation and extrusion of debris beyond the apex. With the introduction of Light Speed technology primary goal of endodontics which includes removal of debris safely and effectively can be achieved. This article focuses on the use of Light Speed technology to overcome the difficulties posed by the other instrumentation and techniques to achieve debris and bacteria free canal system.
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Pereira, Érika Sales Joviano, Isabella Faria da Cunha Peixoto, Rodrigo Keigo Lopes Nakagawa, Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono, and Maria Guiomar de Azevedo Bahia. "Cleaning the apical third of curved canals after different irrigation protocols." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 4 (2012): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000400007.
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This study evaluated the protocols of sonic and vacuum irrigation regarding the capacity of debris removal from root canal systems. Canal preparations were carried out on 30 mandibular first molars using the ProTaper Universal System. Teeth were divided into two experimental groups (n=15): Group 1: sonic irrigation and Group 2: vacuum irrigation protocol. Subsequently, the mesial roots were sectioned and observed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Three independent examiners evaluated images of the apical thirds according to the following scores: 1= small presence of debris, 2= moderate presence of debris, and 3= dense presence of debris. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). Comparison among the groups revealed that at the apical third, the root halves of Group 1 had significantly less surface debris (p=0.002) than those of Group 2. However, at 2 mm from the working length, Group 2's specimens showed less remaining debris in approximately 75% of the analyzed root canals. At the whole apical third, the sonic irrigation protocol removed significantly more debris than the vacuum protocol. However, in the region at 2 mm from the working length, the second irrigation method demonstrated a better performance.
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Lokhande, Pravin R., and S. Balaguru. "A Mathematical Model for Root Canal Preparation Using Endodontic File: Part B." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 43 (November 2019): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.43.20.
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The aim of this article is to develop the mathematical model to describe response of endodontic file in curved root canal during the preparation of root canal using fracture mechanics approach. Any obturation process involves the filling of prepared root canal using bio-compatible materials like gutta-percha. During preparation of infected root canal, substrate, dead tissue and pulp is removed and tapered shape is formed so that any practitioner can fill it effectively. During preparation process of root canal, the canal wall applies locking action and causes resistance to motion of endodontic file, finally resulting into fatigue failure. This article described plastic behavior of endodontic file in curved root canal, mathematical model describing the necessary condition for crack growth in endodontic file, a mathematical model describing plastic zone size for crack on surface of endodontic file, a mathematical model describing crack tip opening displacement for crack on surface of endodontic file and mathematical model for pure-combined torsion and bending consideration for design of endodontic file. The mathematical model described is helpful for the Endodontic experts, researchers, design engineers. However the applicability of the described mathematical model limited to assumption of study. The gap between root canal to be prepared and endodontic file is zero while preparation. The endodontic file weight, speed of rotation and substrate removal rate is assumed to be constant. The mathematical model for endodontic file discussed above proved to be efficient tool for studying the root canal preparation.
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Çelik, Gül, Feyza Özdemir Kısacık, Emir Faruk Yılmaz, Arife Mersinlioğlu, İhsan Furkan Ertuğrul, and Hikmet Orhan. "A comparative study of root canal shaping using protaper universal and protaper next rotary files in preclinical dental education." PeerJ 7 (August 19, 2019): e7419. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7419.
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BackgroundDentistry has undergone an evolution in endodontics practice caused by the advancement of rotary techniques for root canal preparation and their subsequent incorporation into the teaching of dentistry undergraduates. This research aimed to evaluate the shaping ability of third-year dental students as their first experience in rotary instrumentation using ProTaper Universal (PTU) and ProTaper Next (PTN) (Dentsply Maillefer) rotary instruments in simulated curved canals.MethodsForty students instrumented 200 simulated canals with a 40° curvature in resin blocks according to the manufacturer’s instructions with PTU and 39 students and 195 canals with PTN files. The canals were prepared at a speed of 300 rpm using a 16:1 reduction hand-piece powered by an electric motor (Xsmart; Dentsply Maillefer). The final apical preparation was set to F2 for the PTU and X2 for the PTN group. The change in canal curvature was evaluated based on Schneider technique using the AutoCAD 2007 software on post-digital photographs. The incidence of instrument fracture and deformation, the incidence of ledge, the change in working length (WL), and the working time were noted. The data were analyzed with Student’st-test and Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS.ResultsPTN maintained the original canal curvature better, resulting in fewer fractures and ledges, and shaped the canals faster than the PTU (P < 0.05). The mean curves of the resin canals after the instrumentation for the PTU and PTN groups were 24.03° ± 3.14° and 25.64° ± 2.72°, respectively. Thirty-three (17.4%) PTU and 18 (9.3%) PTN files fractured (p < 0.05). Nine (4.5%) PTU and 2 (2.6%) PTN deformed (p > 0.05). The change in WL after instrumentation was 0.97 mm ± 0.95 mm in PTU and 0.96 mm ± 0.80 mm in PTN (p < 0.05). The mean times were 627 s ± 18 s for PTU and 379 s ± 18 s for PTN (p < 0.000).DiscussionPTN can be recommended in severely curved root canals in terms of maintenance of the original canal curvature, superior instrument fracture and fewer ledges. Even if training before preparation provides an acceptable level of canal shaping for preclinical students, the use of NiTi rotary instruments should be included in the undergraduate dental curriculum, contributing to an increase in the quality of root canal shaping and, consequently, to an improvement of the clinical experience of students.
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Kapse, Balaji Sopanrao, Pradnya S. Nagmode, Jayshree Ramkrishna Vishwas, Hrishikesh B. Karpe, Harshal V. Basatwar, and Shubham P. Godge. "Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of Three Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary File Systems." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, no. D (March 21, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5666.
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AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of three rotary nickel-titanium file systems, HyFlex controlled memory, Revo-S, and Mtwo in moderately curved root canals using computed tomography (CT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth having curved root canals with at least 10°–20° of curvature were selected. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups of ten each. After preparation with HyFlex CM (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland), Revo-S (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France), and Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) all teeth were scanned using CT to determine the root canal shape. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were obtained at three levels, 3 mm apical, 9 mm middle, and 15 mm coronal above the apical foramen were compared using CT software. Amount of transportation and centering ability were assessed. The three groups were statistically compared with analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test.
RESULTS: Least apical transportation and higher centering ability were seen in HyFlex CM file system in all the three sections followed by Revo-S, Mtwo file system showed maximum transportation.
CONCLUSIONS: According to the present in-vitro study, we can conclude that HyFlex CM rotary file systems showed least canal transportation and highest centering ability as compared to Revo-S and Mtwo file system but there was no statistically significant difference among these file systems (p > 0.05) at coronal, middle, and apical level of root canal.
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Chai, Guangquan, Ziyan Guo, Yingdi Wang, Yanfeng Li, Jing Wang, Lu Zhang, Yidan Sun, Chunhao Yang, Dong Xia, and Tingting Shi. "Effect of flushing temperature on preparation ability of rotary nickel-titanium files." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 19 (January 2021): 228080002110147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22808000211014724.
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Purpose: The effect of flushing at different temperatures on the preparation ability of rotary nickel-titanium files was investigated to provide guideline for clinical application. Methods: Sixty ProTaper Universal F1 rotary nickel-titanium files were randomly divided into three groups treated by flushing at 6°C, 23°C, and 40°C. Root canal preparation was conducted by step-by-step method on standardized nickel-titanium instrument fracture models. During preparation, the thrust force was set as 10 N, and water was continuously flushed. The motor speed was 350 rpm (rounds per minute), and the torque was 3.0 N cm. When the set torque was reached, the motor automatically rotated in the reverse direction and was pulled out. Results: Root canal preparation was performed using ProTaper Universal F1 rotary nickel-titanium files treated by flushing. The numbers of rotations before the device was fracture were 429.33 ± 214.68, 821.92 ± 410.43, and 1304.92 ± 297.81, respectively. When each root canal was completed, the numbers of instrument rotations were 272.15 ± 88.30, 188.85 ± 34.36, and 163.41 ± 16.18, respectively. Rank sum test and analysis of variance were performed by IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 software, and both of them were p < 0.01, indicating that the number of cycles to failure (NCF) and the number of instrument rotations for each root tube were statistically different at the three temperatures. Conclusions: The self-made resin-simulated curved root canal can replace the real root canal to complete the root canal preparation experiment. The group of nickel-titanium files treated by flushing at 23°C can prepare more root canals and prolong the life of nickel-titanium files than at 6°C. When flushing was done at 40°C, the number of root canals prepared by nickel-titanium files was the highest, and it was not easy to damage the instrument, but lateral perforation occurred easily during root canal preparation.
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YİĞİT ÖZER, Senem, Özkan ADIGÜZEL, and Sadullah KAYA. "Removal of Debris and Smear Layer in Curved Root Canals Using Self-Adjusting File with Different Operation Times – A Scanning Electron Microscope Study." International Dental Research 1, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2011.vol1.no1.1.
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Aim: Debridement during root canal treatment is mandatory and it is provided by means of chemomechanical instrumentation and irrigation methods. This article analysis the debridement capacity of a novel system, SAF and its special irrigation device when used with different operation times in curved root canals.
Methodology: 30 mesiobuccal root canals of maxillary molars were instrumented using SAF. Teeth were divided into three groups. In Group 1, 10 new SAF files were used for operation for 4 minutes. In Group 2, the 4-min previously used SAF files were operated in the same manner. In Group 3, the 8-min previously used SAF files were operated. During SAF operation 2.6 % NaOCl and 17 % EDTA were used alternately in all groups. Debris and smear layer removal were evaluated for the apical thirds under scanning electron microscope.
Results: Non-used, 4-min preused, and 8-min preused SAF efficiently removed debris and smear layer in the apical thirds. There were no significant difference among the groups in terms of debridement.
Conclusions: When SAF is operated in curved root canals with continous flow of irrigation it results in debris and smear-free canal walls in the critical apical thirds within 12 minutes.
How to cite this article: Yiğit Özer S, Adıgüzel Ö, Kaya S. Removal of debris and smear layer in curved root canals using self-adjusting file with different operation times - A scanning electron microscope study. Int Dent Res 2011;1:1-6.
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Beljic-Ivanovic, Katarina, Nevenka Teodorovic, and Dejan Ostojic. "Endodontic treatment of the teeth with different root canal curvatures: Two case reports." Serbian Dental Journal 56, no. 2 (2009): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0902091b.
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Endodontic treatment of the teeth with severe root canal curvatures has become one of the greatest problems in clinical practice. Recently, new instruments and techniques have been introduced in the endodontic procedure. The aim of this study was, on the basis of clinical practice, to show the possibilities of the endodontic treatment in the teeth with severely curved root canals, after dependable decision about endodontic instruments and techniques. This article presents a complete endodontic procedure in two teeth with different curvature shape of the root canal in patients that were treated at the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Belgrade. Coronal to apical 'crown down' technique was used for the root canal preparation with hand NiTi ProTaper instruments with progressive multicone design. The main reasons for choosing manual technique were complexity, shape of presented curvatures and better tactile sensation control of canal instruments in order to avoid possible mistakes and complications. Clinical X-rays of the teeth with permanent obturation clearly showed that extremes of the root canal morphology could be successfully solved by the right choice of all factors during endodontic procedure.
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Tomson, Phillip L., and StÉPhane R. Simon. "Contemporary Cleaning and Shaping of the Root Canal System." Primary Dental Journal 5, no. 2 (May 2016): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/205016816819304196.
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Prevention or treatment of apical periodontitis is aimed at disinfecting the root canal system so that the periradicular tissues are not vulnerable to attack from microbiota within the tooth. This is achieved by a process of cleaning and shaping the root canal space. The fundamental principles underlying this process have not changed in decades. In contrast, the armamentarium available to the clinician continues to evolve rapidly. The use of specially designed nickel titanium (NiTi) files to create a glidepath allows the clinician to manage tight curved canals more predictably in situations which would otherwise have proved too difficult using conventional techniques. Other files, designed to shape the canal, have been developed using metallurgic principles which permit NiTi files to be more flexible and resistant to cyclic fatigue. These newer systems also require fewer instruments to prepare a canal and some, which have adopted a reciprocating (rotational) motion, may only require one file. Progress is also being made in enhancing efficacy of irrigant activity using negative apical pressure systems, sonic and ultrasonic agitation techniques. These contemporary techniques used to clean and shape the root canal system should result in improved confidence and predictability when managing endodontic disease.
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Choi, Yoomin, Seonmi Kim, and Namki Choi. "Assessment of Root and Root Canal Morphology of Human Primary Molars using CBCT." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 47, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2020.47.1.25.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the roots and roots canals of primary molar teeth using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).<br/>A total of 68 CBCT images of children aged 4 - 5 years was used for this study. A total of 160 molar teeth were analyzed. Various parameters such as the number of roots and canals, length of root and root canal, and the angulation and shape of the roots were analyzed.<br/>All maxillary primary molars had 3 roots. The presence of 2 root canals in 1 root was only observed in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary primary second molars. Most mandibular primary molars had 2 roots, and most mesial roots had 2 root canals.<br/>Concerning the length of the roots, the palatal root of the maxillary primary molar was found to be longest whereas the distobuccal root was shortest. In mandibular primary molars, the mesial root was longer than the distal root. In maxillary primary molars, the palatal root had the greatest angulation whereas the distal root has the greatest in mandibular molars. The root and root canals of maxillary primary molars were more curved in shape whereas mandibular primary molars were straight.
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Staffoli, Simone, Taha Ozyurek, Avi Hadad, Alex Lvovsky, Michael Solomonov, Hadas Azizi, Joe Ben Itzhak, et al. "Comparison of shaping ability of ProTaper Next and 2Shape nickel—titanium files in simulated severe curved canals." Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia 32, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/j.gien.2018.2.
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Aim: To evaluate the centering ability of ProTaper Next (PTN) and 2Shape (TS) nickel—titanium (NiTi) instruments in terms of maintaining the original root canal configuration in a simulated tooth with severe curvature. Methodology: Twenty standardized simulated curved root canals were prepared to an apical size of 0.25 mm using PTN and TS (n = 10 canal/group) nickel-titanium files. A gig was constructed to enable reproducible image acquisition using a photographic camera. Pre- and post-instrumented images were recorded and superimposed using a computer software. The ability of the instruments to remain centered in the canal was determined by calculating a centering ratio at three independent points of the simulated canal: coronal, middle and apical third of the curvature, using a computer software. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by independent sample t-test at 5% significance level. Results: No significant difference was found between the two systems (p > 0.05). At the apical third, the mean centering ratio was significantly higher than the centering ratio of the coronal and the middle thirds in both TS and PTN (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the centering ability of the ProTaper Next and 2Shape systems in simulated severe curved canals. Both systems exhibited some degree of transportation, especially in the apical third.
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Chowdhury, Shirin Sultana, and Md Nazmul Hasan. "Radix Entomolaris in mandibular molars: An Endodontic Challenge." Update Dental College Journal 4, no. 1 (December 9, 2014): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21175.
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Mandibular molars can have additional root located lingually) the radix entomolaris). If present, an awareness and understanding of this unusual root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of root canal treatment. The root is typically smaller than the distal root and is usually curved, requiring special attention when root canal treatment is being considered for such a tooth. The aim of the paper is to present a case of permanent mandibular first molar with additional third root. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21175 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 49-52
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Beljic-Ivanovic, Katarina, and Nevenka Teodorovic. "Morphological characteristics of mesiobuccal root canals of the first maxillary molars." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 7-8 (2010): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1008414b.
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Introduction. The first maxillary molar is a tooth with three roots, and mesiobuccal one is with the most complex canal morphology. Factors influencing variations of its morphology are numerous, and may significantly complicate endodontic treatment. Objective. The objective was to investigate the number, configuration and curvature orientation of the mesiobuccal root canals in the maxillary first molars. Methods. The study was conducted on 200 mesiobuccal (MB) roots of extracted first molars in human subjects using radiography. In each canal Flexofile was introduced until reaching the apical foramen and the root was then radiographed in series from two projections. Number of root canals (MB1, MB2 and MB3), configuration according to Vertucci classification, and the orientation of the curvature were established. Relevant statistical parameters and the significance of differences were computed (p<0.05). Results. Of total 200 mesiobuccal roots 86.5% were with two, 9% with three, and 4.5% with a single canal. Most frequent configurations were type IV (36%) and II (34.5%). From the clinical projection all MB1 canals were oriented distally, from the proximal 78% palatally and 22% buccally. The orientation of all MB2 canals was distal from the clinical projection, from the proximal projection 76% were oriented palatally, and 24% buccally. The MB3 canal was always oriented distally from the clinical projection, and buccally from the proximal aspect. Conclusion. The mesiobuccal roots of the first maxillary molars showed multiple canals in 96%, with dominant Vertucci type II and IV of configuration. All canals were curved.
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Victor, Christiaan, Peet J. Van der Vyver, Martin Vorster, and Zunaid I. Vally. "Root canal preparation with reciprocating instruments - A literature review and clinical application." South African Dental Journal 75, no. 9 (October 31, 2020): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no9a4.
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It is well described that the presence of microbial flora in the pulp space of the tooth, and the inability of the immune system to remove these pathogens, are the major sources of peri-apical and radicular inflam-mation.1 Eradication of these pathogens from the pulp and root canal space by means of cleaning, shaping, disinfecting and complete obturation is necessary to safeguard the health of the periodontal tissues from endodontic infection and subsequent breakdown.2,3
The basic objectives of cleaning and shaping of root canals include: (1) removal of all infected soft and hard tissues; (2) creating space for delivery of disinfectants and medicaments to the apical part of the canal; (3) facilitating three dimensional obturation and (4) preservation of radicular structures.4
Even modern endodontic file systems leave untouched areas on the root canal walls after preparation and show compaction of hard tissue debris.5 This debris consists of pulp tissue remnants, bacteria and dentine chips of which most is found in the apical part of the prepared root canal system.6 Aiming for a centred preparation that corresponds to the original canal anatomy accompanied by the lowest amount of canal transportation, especially in middle and apical parts of curved canals, will result in the most favourable post instrumented canal shape. The four optimal canal shaping objectives are: (1) to have a tapered funnel from orifice to apex, (2) maintenance of original anatomical canal pathway, (3) apical foramen position should remain constant and (4) leaving the apical opening as small as possible.2,7
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Brito-Júnior, Manoel, João Américo Normanha, Carla Cristina Camilo, André Luis Faria-e-Silva, Paulo César Saquy, Maria Ãngela Arêa Leão Ferraz, and Yara Teresinha Correa Silva-Sousa. "Alternative Techniques to Remove Fractured Instrument Fragments from the Apical Third of Root Canals: Report of Two Cases." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 1 (February 2015): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302446.
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This paper describes two cases of instrument fragment removal from the apical thirds of root canals using a customized extractor and a modified needle technique, respectively. In case 1, a customized extractor was manufactured to remove a bur fragment located in the apical root canal of a maxillary central incisor. The use of this extractor enabled successful and conservative removal of the instrument fragment. In case 2, a modified injection needle was used as a trepan to gain access around an instrument fragment located in the curved apical portion of the mesiobuccal canal of a mandibular molar. A segment of steel wire was inserted into the needle lumen to engage the metallic fragment, enabling its removal with counter-clockwise rotation and a simultaneous pull-out motion. Alternative and creative methods are useful for the management of intracanal metallic fragments during root canal treatment.