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Sasso, Greta. ""Pillowe": progettazione e sviluppo di un cuscino intelligente." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8844/.
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Progettazione di un cuscino che si occupa di noi e ci aiuta nell'addormentarci attraverso la musica. Il tutto grazie all'aiuto di sensori e dell'Arduino che comunicheranno con lo smartphone per dare un'esperienza flessibile e personalizzabile.
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Haupt, Sophie. "Transfer phloemmobiler Substanzen von Wirtspflanzen zum Parasiten Cuscuta reflexa." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963210947.
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LeBlanc, Megan Leanne. "Characterizing RNA translocation in the parasitic weed Cuscuta pentagona." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52865.
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The obligate stem parasite Cuscuta pentagona is able to take up host plant mRNA through a specialized organ known as the haustorium. Direct cell-to-cell symplastic connections between two different organisms are rare, and the translocation mechanisms and fate of these RNAs in the parasite is not understood. To characterize this phenomenon, mobile Arabidopsis and tomato mRNAs were identified from microarray and transcriptome sequencing projects and quantified in the host-parasite system. Mobile RNAs were quantified using real time (qRT)-PCR and were found to vary substantially in their rate of uptake and distribution in the parasite. Transcripts of tomato Gibberellic Acid Insensitive (SlGAI) and Cathepsin D Protease Inhibitor (SlPI) can be traced over 30-cm of parasite stem. SlPI was abundant in the C. pentagona stem, but the number of copies decreased substantially within the first eight hours post detachment. Additional studies of mobile RNAs from Arabidopsis, Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (AtTCTP), Auxin Response Factor (AtARF) and a Salt-inducible Zinc Finger Protein (AtSZFP) supported the idea that mRNA molecules differ in their mechanisms of uptake and mobility between host and parasite. Known phloem-mobile RNAs (SlGAI and AtTCTP) have uptake patterns that differ from each other as well as from other RNAs that are not reported to be phloem mobile (SlPI and AtSZF1). The function of RNAs in plants extend beyond protein translation to include post transcriptional gene silencing or long distance signaling, and mobile RNA in C. pentagona systems offers novel insights into this aspect of plant biology. Studies of cell-to-cell trafficking of RNAs and other macromolecules would be facilitated by the ability to manipulate individual cells. To this end, work was initiated to explore alternative approaches to understanding single cell biology using laser-mediated approaches. Optoperforation, or the use of multiphoton processes to form quasi-free electron plasmas to initiate transient pore formation in plasma membranes, has been demonstrated, but not in cells of an intact plant. This work details a protocol for optoperforation of Arabidopsis epidermal cells to allow for uptake of external dye-labeled dextrans and retention for up to 72 hours, and has the potential for transformation and molecular tagging applications.<br>Ph. D.
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Kelly, Colleen Kay. "Host use and foraging in the parasitic plant Cuscuta subinclusa." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184543.
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Foraging theory predicts active responses by organisms upon encounter with a resource, as opposed to the passive responses of differential survivorship and growth. Stems of the parasitic plant Cuscuta subinclusa invest in resource acquisition (coil) relative to host quality in a way predicted by the marginal value theorem (MVT) in that: (1) stem coiling, the necessary antecedent and determinant of resource uptake, precedes exploitation of host materials; and (2) mean coiling on a host species is proportional to: (a) mean growth/haustorium, (b) mean biomass accumulation over the season, and (c) mean parasite growth/host individual. Coiling is correlated with growth/host individual for the 5 native host species examined, but not when a non-native species is added to the model, suggesting coiling response is a result of natural selection. Preliminary evidence indicates that coiling in C. subinclusa is induced by host bark chemicals. Resource-poor stems of C. subinclusa are more likely to coil, and coil more, than resource-rich stems, thus nutritional state of the parasite as well as host value affects foraging responses. Evidence from other experiments suggests that the costs of growth, or "search costs", may affect host acceptability. When water is readily available, transplanted C. subinclusa stems are less likely to coil on branches of Platanus racemosa. During the dry season, when cellular expansion is difficult, all p. racemosa branches were coiled upon. Large parasites are more likely to over-winter and set seed a second season, and parasites that start from over-wintered tissue are significantly larger at flowering than are those that have started from seed. Seed set is correlated with parasite size, thus linking foraging response and fitness of the plant. C. subinclusa's foraging response does not, however, predict population level patterns of host use. The principal determinant of host use by C. subinclusa is average proximity of a species to Malosma laurina. Parasite individuals infest many host species each season, but initially establish, set most seed, and over-winter only on M. laurina. Individual response of C. subinclusa contributes to the model of host use only after proximity to M. laurina is accounted for, suggesting that mechanisms maximizing exploitation of a host take effect after contact between host and parasite.
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Subramaniam, K. "Gene Expression During Cytokinin-Induced Haustoria Formation in Cuscuta Reflexa, Roxb." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/100.
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How multicellular organisms develop from a single-celled fertilized egg or zygote that in no way resembles the adult form is one of the major challenges in biology The phase of rapid cell division that follows fertilization produces individual units from which the basic body plan of the adult organism is to be constructed Elaboration of functional organs and tissues from their primordia involves
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Subramaniam, K. "Gene Expression During Cytokinin-Induced Haustoria Formation in Cuscuta Reflexa, Roxb." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/100.
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How multicellular organisms develop from a single-celled fertilized egg or zygote that in no way resembles the adult form is one of the major challenges in biology The phase of rapid cell division that follows fertilization produces individual units from which the basic body plan of the adult organism is to be constructed Elaboration of functional organs and tissues from their primordia involves
7
Birschwilks, Mandy. "Untersuchungen zum Stofftransfer zwischen dem phanerogamen Holoparasiten Cuscuta spec. und seinen Wirtspflanzen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972494820.
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Bouya, Driss. "Etude de l'absorption du saccharose par les suçoirs d'une phanérogame parasite : Cuscuta reflexa Roxb." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10085.
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Bouya, Driss. "Etude de l'absorption du saccharose par les suçoirs d'une phanérogame parasite, Cuscuta reflexa Roxb." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596385j.
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Alers-Garcia, Janice. "Active host choice and parasitism by Cuscuta gronovii its effects on host individuals, populations and mutualistic interactions /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3199407.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2005.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-11, Section: B, page: 5775. Adviser: James D. Bever. Title from dissertation home page (viewed 10/10/2006).
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Hegenauer, Volker [Verfasser]. "Perception of the parasitic plant Cuscuta reflexa, as an invader, by the tomato Solanum lycopersicum. / Volker Hegenauer." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229916091/34.
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Vasanthi, G. "Hormones and Cuscuta Development Abscisic Acid And Its Conjugates-Endogenous Levels And Metabolism During Growth And Haustoria Formation." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/102.
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Cuscuta or dodder is one of the best known higher plant parasite with around 158 species over 5 continents parasitising a wide variety of host plants (Yuncker,1932) Dodders are characterised by their interesting parasitic behaviour and extraordinary appearance among the obligate parasitic flowering plants (Kuijt, 1969)
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Vasanthi, G. "Hormones and Cuscuta Development Abscisic Acid And Its Conjugates-Endogenous Levels And Metabolism During Growth And Haustoria Formation." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/102.
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Cuscuta or dodder is one of the best known higher plant parasite with around 158 species over 5 continents parasitising a wide variety of host plants (Yuncker,1932) Dodders are characterised by their interesting parasitic behaviour and extraordinary appearance among the obligate parasitic flowering plants (Kuijt, 1969)
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Rehker, Jan [Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaldenhoff, and Heribert [Akademischer Betreuer] Warzecha. "Konvergente Entwicklung der Infektionsmechanismen in den parasitären Pflanzen Cuscuta reflexa und Phelipanche aegyptiaca / Jan Rehker. Betreuer: Ralf Kaldenhoff ; Heribert Warzecha." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1106257456/34.
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Kim, Gunjune. "Massive Exchange of mRNA between a Parasitic Plant and its Hosts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50509.
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Cuscuta pentagona is an obligate parasitic plant that hinders production of crops throughout the world. Parasitic plants have unique morphological and physiological features, the most prominent being the haustorium, a specialized organ that functions to connect them with their host's vascular system. The Cuscuta haustorium is remarkable in that it enables mRNA movement to occur between hosts and parasite, but little is known about the mechanisms regulating cross-species mRNA transfer or its biological significance to the parasite. These questions were addressed with genomics approaches that used high throughput sequencing to assess the presence of host mRNAs in the parasite as well as parasite mRNAs in the host. For the main experiment Cuscuta was grown on stems of Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) hosts because the completely sequenced genomes of these plants facilitates identification of host and parasite transcripts in mixed mRNA samples. Tissues sequenced included the Cuscuta stem alone, the region of Cuscuta-host attachment, and the host stem adjacent to the attachment site. The sequences generated from each tissue were mapped to host reference genes to distinguish host sequences, and the remaining sequences were used in a de novo assembly of a Cuscuta transcriptome. This analysis revealed that thousands of different Arabidopsis transcripts, representing nearly half of the expressed transcriptome of Arabidopsis, were represented in the attached Cuscuta. RNA movement was also found to be bidirectional, with a substantial proportion of expressed Cuscuta transcripts found in host tissue. The mechanism underlying the exchange remains unknown, as well as the function of mobile RNAs in either the parasite or host. An approach was developed to assay potential translation of host mRNAs by detecting them in the Cuscuta translatome as revealed by sequencing polysomal RNA and ribosome-protected RNA. This work highlights RNA trafficking as a potentially important new form of interaction between hosts and Cuscuta.<br>Ph. D.
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Cook, Jennifer Colleen. "Integrated control of dodder (Cuscuta pentagona Engelm.) using glyphosate, ammonium sulfate, and the biological control agent Alternaria destruens Simmons, sp. nov." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015660.
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ZEHHAR, NAIMA. "Contribution a l'etude du role de l'ethylene et des polyamines dans la croissance et le developpement d'une angiosperme parasite (cuscuta lupuliformis krock. )." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2064.
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Les plantules de cuscuta lupuliformis, issues de la germination des graines, presentent une vitesse de croissance tres elevee leur permettant de rechercher rapidement la presence d'un hote dans leur environnement. La vitesse de croissance de la tige de cuscute et l'existence transitoire d'un crochet rappellent les caracteristiques de la croissance des vegetaux autotrophes etioles, ce qui suggere un role eventuel de l'ethylene dans le controle de la croissance. Sachant que la biosynthese de l'ethylene s'effectue a partir d'un precurseur commun a la voie de biosynthese des polyamines, en l'occurence la s-adenosyl methionine, l'objectif du travail etait de preciser le role respectif de l'ethylene et des polyamines dans le controle de la croissance et du developpement des plantules de cuscute pendant leur phase de vie preparasitaire. L'emission d'ethylene est plus elevee dans la tige que dans la racine et presente une valeur maximale dans la partie apicale de la tige comprenant le crochet. L'emission maximale de l'ethylene coincide avec la periode ou la vitesse de croissance est minimale ; l'ethylene regule donc la croissance en longueur des plantules. Le role de l'ethylene a ete confirme a l'aide d'inhibiteurs de la synthese (aoa, avg, cocl#2) ou de l'action (tsa) de l'hormone gazeuse et par utilisation de substances generatrices d'ethylenes in vivo (cep, -hydroxyethylhydrazine). De meme, l'effet de substances de synthese a action auxinique (2,4d) s'explique par leur action sur la synthese d'ethylene. L'effet de l'ethylene sur la croissance s'exerce sur la tige des plantules et non sur la racine. Les polyamines (putrescine, spermidine et spermine) initialement presentes dans la graine seche, sont ensuite synthetisees dans les plantules des la sortie de la radicule. Pendant la phase preparasitaire la voie de biosynthese de la putrescine via l'odc est fonctionnelle. L'utilisation de #1#4c-putrescine a permis de montrer que cette diamine est utilisee pour la synthese de spermidine et de spermine et que sa teneur dans les plantules est regulee par la dao. Les teneurs des polyamines sont plus importantes dans la partie apicale de la tige comprenant le crochet avec une predominance de la spermidine. Dans la moitie inferieure de la tige, la teneur en putrescine est la plus elevee, alors que dans la racine, les teneurs des 3 polyamines sont tres faibles. Ainsi, la putrescine semble etre liee a l'elongation cellulaire alors que la spermidine et la spermine sont liees aux divisions cellulaires. Pour preciser le role des polyamines dans le controle de la croissance, des inhibiteurs de la synthese ou de la degradation des polyamines ont ete utilises. Ceci a permis de proposer que le controle de la croissance en longueur se ferait par la balance putrescine/ethylene (endogenes), la putrescine ayant globalement une action stimulante. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives nouvelles en matiere de lutte contre la cuscute
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LIU, ZHI-QIAN. "Contribution a la lutte contre les angiospermes parasites : recherche de methodes de lutte chimique selective contre la cuscute dans les cultures de legumineuses." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT2022.
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Ce travail a permis de selectionner 5 herbicides particulierement efficaces contre ce parasite: la pendimethaline, le propyzamide, le carbetamide, le glyphosate et l'imazaquin (une nouvelle molecule de la famille des imidazolinones). Selon l'herbicide considere, le choix de la dose et de la periode de traitement permet d'obtenir la destruction selective de la cuscute soit des sa germination (lutte preventive), soit apres sa fixation sur la culture (lutte curative)
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Juma, Albert Owino [Verfasser]. "Copper diffusion in In2S3 and charge separation at In2S3/CuSCN and TiO2/In2S3 interfaces / Albert Owino Juma." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046312898/34.
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Bock, Françoise de. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes impliqués dans le transfert du saccharose, à l'interface hôte-parasite, entre Pelargonium zonale L. Aiton et Cuscuta reflexa Roxb." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10134.
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Notre objectif a ete de preciser les mecanismes de transfert du saccharose a l'interface hote-parasite (pelargonium zonale l. Aiton - cuscuta reflexa roxb). A cet effet, nous avons utilise 4 modeles experimentaux simplifies. Notre etude a tout d'abord porte sur les modalites de l'absorption par la jeune plantule libre (c. Lupuliformis krock), puis par le parasite (cuscuta reflexa roxb) en place sur son hote. Dans les 2 cas, nous avons mis en evidence l'activite d'une atp plasmalemmique et l'existence d'un mecanisme de symport h#+-substrat avec le saccharose. Il existe, dans le sucoir de cuscute, 2 systemes d'absorption active un systeme a forte affinite pour le substrat (km=3,3 mm), sensible au ph, fonctionnant avec un transporteur protone (cotransport); un systeme a plus faible affinite (km=16,7 mm), moins sensible au ph, fonctionnant avec un transporteur non protone et un systeme diffusif intervenant surtout aux concentrations en saccharose superieures a 20 mm. Dans les tissus de la tige de l'hote, il existe un seul systeme d'absorption active, equivalent du systeme a transporteur non protone des tissus du sucoir. La cuscute preleve le saccharose dans l'apoplaste situe entre le plasmalemme de l'extremite du tube crible de l'hote et celui de la cellule absorbante du sucoir. D'apres nos resultats, le ph y serait environ egal a 5 et la concentration du sacchrose d'environ 5 mm. Ces parametres plaident en faveur de l'intervention des 2 systemes d'absorption active, avec preponderance du systeme avec cotransport, dans l'absorption du saccharose. La decharge du saccharose des tubes cribles de l'hote s'effectue dans l'apoplaste. C'est un phenomene en majeure partie diffusif. Les effets des inhibiteurs d'atpases, du pcmbs et de la fusicoccine montrent cependant qu'une faible part pourrait etre assuree par un antiport h#+/saccharose. Les effets de l'aba et de la fusicoccine mettent en lumiere certaines
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Piyankarage, Viraj Vishwakantha Jayaweera. "Uncooled Infrared Photon Detection Concepts and Devices." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_diss/30.
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This work describes infrared (IR) photon detector techniques based on novel semiconductor device concepts and detector designs. The aim of the investigation was to examine alternative IR detection concepts with a view to resolve some of the issues of existing IR detectors such as operating temperature and response range. Systems were fabricated to demonstrate the following IR detection concepts and determine detector parameters: (i) Near-infrared (NIR) detection based on dye-sensitization of nanostructured semiconductors, (ii) Displacement currents in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) embedded dielectric media, (iii) Split-off band transitions in GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HEIWIP) detectors. A far-infrared detector based on GaSb homojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HIWIP) structure is also discussed. Device concepts, detector structures, and experimental results discussed in the text are summarized below. Dye-sensitized (DS) detector structures consisting of n-TiO2/Dye/p-CuSCN heterostructures with several IR-sensitive dyes showed response peaks at 808, 812, 858, 866, 876, and 1056 nm at room temperature. The peak specific detectivity (D*) was 9.5E+10 Jones at 812 nm at room temperature. Radiation induced carrier generation alters the electronic polarizability of QDs provided the quenching of excitation is suppressed by separation of the QDs. A device constructed to illustrate this concept by embedding PbS QDs in paraffin wax showed a peak D* of 3E+8 Jones at ~540 nm at ambient temperature. A typical HEIWIP/HIWIP detector structures consist of single (or multiple) period(s) of doped emitter(s) and undoped barrier(s) which are sandwiched between two highly doped contact layers. A p-GaAs/AlGaAs HEIWIP structure showed enhanced absorption in NIR range due to heavy/light-hole band to split-off band transitions and leading to the development of GaAs based uncooled sensors for IR detection in the 2 5 μm wavelength range with a peak D* of 6.8E+5 Jones. A HIWIP detector based on p-GaSb/GaSb showed a free carrier response threshold wavelength at 97 µm (~3 THz)with a peak D* of 5.7E+11 Jones at 36 μm and 4.9 K. In this detector, a bolometric type response in the 97 - 200 µm (3-1.5 THz) range was also observed.
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Funk, Helena Tamara [Verfasser]. "Auswirkungen der parasitischen Lebensweise auf die Plastidengenome von Cuscuta reflexa und Cuscuta gronovii / vorgelegt von Helena Tamara Funk." 2007. http://d-nb.info/986733237/34.
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Bleischwitz, Marc /. Dipl Biol. "Charakterisierung einer pflanzlichen Cysteinprotease aus Cuscuta reflexa." Phd thesis, 2008. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/1019/1/Diss_Bleischwitz_neu.pdf.
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Cuscuta reflexa ist ein Pflanzenparasit der ohne Blätter und Wurzeln auf den Sprossen anderer Pflanzen wächst. Mit Hilfe der sogenannten Haustorien dringt der Parasit in das Gewebe des Wirts ein und erlangt auf diese Weise Assimilate, Nährstoffe und Wasser. Da Cuscuta spec. ein breites Wirtsspektrum hat und viele ökonomisch bedeutsame Pflanzen dazu zählen, kann dies unter Umständen zu beträchtlichen Schäden in der Landwirtschaft führen. Auf Tomatenfeldern in Kalifornien kommt es durch den Befall von C. pentagona regelmäßig zu 50 – 75 % Ernteausfällen. Neben anderen lytischen Enzymen wird die pflanzliche Cysteinprotease (Cuscuin) während der Interaktion mit einem kompatiblen Wirt in den Haustorien exprimiert. Cuscuin wurde in E. coli exprimiert und isoliert. Zur Charakterisierung wurde FTC-Casein als Substrat verwendet. Die optimalen Reaktionsparameter wie Temperatur, pH-, Km-- und der Ki-Wert zeigen, dass Cuscuin viele Gemeinsamkeiten mit Cysteinproteasen anderen parasitierenden Organismen aufweist. Das Enzym ist in einem neutralen oder leicht alkalischen Milieu stabil und weist ein Temperaturoptimum von 30 °C auf. Der Ki zeigt eine bemerkenswerte Inhibition der Protease durch das Propeptid. Andere pflanzliche Cysteinproteasen werden durch das Peptid wesentlich schwächer gehemmt. Die Tabakpflanze ist ein kompatibler Wirt für Cuscuta reflexa und wurde durch den Einsatz des Propeptids teilweise gegen den Angriff durch den Parasiten immunisiert. Das Peptid war identisch mit der Prosequenz von Cuscuin. Cuscuin scheint eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Hydrolyse von Abwehrenzymen und/oder der Mobilisierung von Speicherproteinen des Wirts einzunehmen, nachdem die Zellwand durch andere lytische Enzyme abgebaut wurde.
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Liao, Gwo-Ing, and 廖國女英. "The Parasitism Of Cuscuta And Cassytha In Taiwan." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68540365716979420894.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>植物學研究所<br>78<br>Many plants are the hosts and are seriousluy damaged by the parasitic plants of Cuscuta and Cassytha. The distribution and their hosts of each species of these two genera in Taiwan were investigated. Special attention was paid to the ecological attribtutes and taxonomic characteristics of these parasitic plants. During the research period from July 1988 to April 1990, four taxa of Cuscuta and one species of Cassytha were found. They are Cuscuta australis R. Br, C. chinensis Lam., C. japonica Choisy var. formosana (Hay.) Yunker, C. japonica Choisy var. japonica, and Cassytha filiformis L. Among them, Cuscuta australis and C. chinensis were very similar in appearance and the two varieties of Cuscuta japonica are also similar. Flower characters are the critical differences between these two taxa pairs. These parasitic plants mostly grow at the sunny sites and are not selective for the hosts. The host plants include ferns, gymnosperms, dicotyledons, and monocotyledons. Each species may show self-parasitism and some taxa could possess the phenomenon of hyperparasitism. The younger tissues of one parasitic plants, with a stronger capicity in cell division, may produce a haustorium to invade the more mature and older stem of another parasitic plant which becomes the host. From anatomical observation, the vessels of haustorium are contacted to that of host and obtain water and minerals. However, the filiform cells at the apex of haustorium can take the nutrients from the host. Based on electrophoresis, the banding patterns of peroxidase isozymes of the parasitic plants were influenced by the hosts.
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Bewick, Thomas Alan. "Biology and control of swamp dodder (Cuscuta gronovii)." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16898798.html.
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Liao, Gwo-Ing, and 廖國媖. "Population Ecology on the genus Cuscuta in Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47604865125703615722.
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博士<br>國立中興大學<br>生命科學系<br>92<br>This study is focused on the population ecology of genus Cusuta of Convolvuaceae in Taiwan. Five taxa of Cuscuta in Taiwan are Cuscuta australis, C. campestris, C. chinensis, C. japonica var. formosana, and C. japonica var. japonica. Seventy-two specimens of Cusuta in 5 herbaria of Taiwan were carefully checked and approximately 76% were revised. This study firstly recorded C. campestris which has been collected since 1964 but all were incorrectly identified as C. chinensis or C. australis. C. australis has not been collected since 1972 and is probably now extinct.
Two distinct types and two subtypes of Cuscuta pollen were recognized. Type 1 is small, and has colpus with granla, and sexine microreticulate, including C. australis, C. campestris and C. chinensis. Subtype 1a is pantocolpate, and occurs only in C. campestris. Subtype 1b is zonocolpate, and occurs in C. australis and C. chinensis. Type 2 is medium in size, and has colpus with granla, and scabrate processes on surface of granlum, sexine reticulate, including C. japonica var. formosana and C. japonica var. japonica.
We studied the applicability of using RAPD analysis on the Cuscuta that one individual could simultaneously parasitize on several different hosts. There are both inter- and intra-specific DNA polymorphism in Cuscuta. The clustering of RAPD results can’t distinguish C. japonica var. formosana from C. japonica var. japonica. The characters of external morphology and pollen are also not obvious enough to distinguish those two taxa.
Phenological stages of Cuscuta could be divided into stem elongation stage, floral budding stage, flowering stage, flourishing floral stage, fruit stage, fruit-ripening stage and seed germinating stage. C. campestris shows shorter life cycle. There were two fruit-ripening stages in a year. It withered after fruiting. Cuscuta japonica var. formosana showed longer life cycle. It initiated flower buds in October and continuously flowering until next February. It continuously fruited and withered from December to next May. Both sexual and asexual reproductions existed in Cuscuta. Asexual reproductive methods included broken stem, protuberance elongation on parasitic part of stem, elongation from inflorescence stem, or by dormant-like bud.
The range of host plants of Cuscuta included ferns, gymnosperms, dicotyledons, and monocotyledons. Based on 6-year observation in Taiwan, C. campestris was widely distributed and infested 265 species of vascular plants; C. japonica var. formosana distributed in central and southern parts and could parasitic attack 182 host species. Observation on host preference of C. japonica var. formosana to 14 host species showed that the parasite was most likely to parasitic attack Solanum americanum and Stachyurus himalaicus, but it was possible to dissociate choice from the taxa of families, the growth forms, and the hairs and spines on the stems.
Parasitism phenomena in dodders included self-parasitism, hyperparasitism, gall formation by insects, and parasitism on host’s galls. This study firstly recorded in Taiwan that parasitic plant was infected by gall-forming insects, and such as Cuscuta campestris formed globose or irregular and multilocular or monolocular galls by dodder gall weevil Smicronyx sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Furthermore, this study also firstly founded in the world that Cuscuta campestris parasitized on the galls of Vitex rotundifolia formed by Aceria sp. (Arachnida: Acariformes: Eriophyidae).
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Liu, Yi-Chen, and 劉伊真. "Study of Cuscuta japonica polysaccharides inducing dendritic cell activation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xh2y27.
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Lo, Wen-Lin, and 羅文林. "Phytochemical and Antiviral Studies on Seed of Cuscuta chinensis." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52703910605921078502.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國防醫學院<br>藥學研究所<br>97<br>Tu-Si-Zi, the ripe seed of Cuscuta chinensis Lam., belongs to an annual
parasitic herb of the family Convolvulaceae. It is used as a traditional chinese
herbal medicine that could help the body to utilize nutrients so as to function
optimally. The chemical constituents of Tu-Si-Zi have been investigated in
literatures, and mainly comprise flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids and volatile oils.
Previous studies have indicated that C. chinensis possesses anticancer,
immunostimulatory and antioxidant activities.
95% ethanol extracts of C. chinensis were dissolved in water and
repeatedly partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and
n-butanol to obtain five layers, CUCH-H, CUCH-D, CUCH-E, CUCH-B and
CUCH-W. The CUCH-D, CUCH-E and CUCH-B were chromatographied to
give nine compounds, kaempfeol (1), hyperin (2), astragalin (3), adenosine (4),
uridine (5), arbutin (6), 2-methyl-3-furoic acid (8), CC-C09 (9) and
p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10). Among them, 9 is a new compound. Compounds 6,
8 are both first isolated from this plant, and 8 is first isolated from natural plant.
The anti-influenza assay suggested CC-C01 and CC-C07 may have good
activity against H1N1 virus (MIC 12.5 and 25 μg/ml).
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Cheng, Tun-jen, and 鄭敦仁. "Study of the immunomodulatory components from Cuscuta japonica Choisy." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nqr33g.
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Bleischwitz, Marc [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung einer pflanzlichen Cysteinprotease aus Cuscuta reflexa / von Marc Bleischwitz." 2008. http://d-nb.info/993902847/34.
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"Is Cuscuta japonica a potential biological control agent for Mikania micrantha?" 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894640.
Full textAbstract:
Tsang, Kwok On.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-165).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.i<br>ABSTRACT --- p.ii<br>TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii<br>LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xiv<br>LIST OF TABLES --- p.XX<br>Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- "Mikania micrantha, a problematic weed around the world" --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1.1 --- Current situation --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1.2 --- Properties of M micrantha --- p.2<br>Chapter 1.1.3 --- Control methods of M. micrantha --- p.6<br>Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Manual removal --- p.6<br>Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Chemical control methods --- p.7<br>Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- Biological control methods --- p.7<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Parasitic plants --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.2.2 --- Modes of parasitism --- p.10<br>Chapter 1.2.3 --- Biology of Cuscula spp. --- p.13<br>Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Seed germination --- p.15<br>Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- I lost detection and parasitism --- p.17<br>Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Reproduction --- p.19<br>Chapter 1.2.3.4 --- Impacts on hosts --- p.21<br>Chapter 1.3 --- Previous researches on the control of M. micrantha by cuscuta --- p.23<br>Chapter 1.4 --- Research significance --- p.25<br>Chapter 1.4.1 --- Knowledge gap --- p.25<br>Chapter 1.4.2 --- Experimental objectives and significance --- p.26<br>Chapter 1.4.3 --- Thesis layout --- p.28<br>Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Germination biology of Cuscuta japonica --- p.29<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.29<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.34<br>Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Cuscuta seeds collection, treatment and storage" --- p.34<br>Chapter 2.2.2 --- Imbibition --- p.35<br>Chapter 2.2.3 --- Germination --- p.35<br>Chapter 2.2.4 --- Emergence --- p.36<br>Chapter 2.2.5 --- Germination dynamics --- p.37<br>Chapter 2.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.37<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.38<br>Chapter 2.3.1 --- Imbibition test --- p.38<br>Chapter 2.3.2 --- Germination test --- p.40<br>Chapter 2.3.3 --- Emergence test --- p.42<br>Chapter 2.3.4 --- Germination dynamic --- p.43<br>Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.44<br>Chapter 2.4.1 --- Seed dormancy --- p.44<br>Chapter 2.4.2 --- Germination requirements --- p.48<br>Chapter 2.4.3 --- Emergence ability --- p.51<br>Chapter 2.4.4 --- Germination dynamics --- p.52<br>Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusions --- p.54<br>Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Life cycle of C. japonica --- p.55<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.55<br>Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.57<br>Chapter 3.2.1 --- Site description --- p.57<br>Chapter 3.2.2 --- Data collection --- p.62<br>Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.64<br>Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.71<br>Chapter 3.4.1 --- Life cycle of C. japonica in Dragon's Back and its implication --- p.71<br>Chapter 3.4.2 --- Life cycle of (\ japonica in Shan Tong Road and Yau King Lane --- p.74<br>Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.80<br>Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Effect of infestation by C. japonica and C. campcstris on the growth of M. micrantha --- p.82<br>Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.82<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.84<br>Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sites description --- p.84<br>Chapter 4.2.2 --- Plant materials --- p.85<br>Chapter 4.2.3 --- Infestation --- p.86<br>Chapter 4.2.4 --- Harvest of plant materials --- p.87<br>Chapter 4.2.5 --- Chlorophyll extraction and concentration determination --- p.87<br>Chapter 4.2.6 --- Measurements --- p.88<br>Chapter 4.2.7 --- Statistical analysis --- p.89<br>Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.89<br>Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Changes in length of stem, leaf size and number of leaves" --- p.89<br>Chapter 4.3.2 --- Changes in biomass of hosts and parasites --- p.94<br>Chapter 4.3.3 --- Changes in the chlorophyll concentration --- p.97<br>Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.99<br>Chapter 4.2.1 --- Cuscuta as a strong sink to the host --- p.99<br>Chapter 4.2.2 --- Growth of cuscuta and comparison of its influence on M micrantha --- p.104<br>Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.106<br>Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Effect of C. japonica infestation on the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes of M. micrantha --- p.107<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.107<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.110<br>Chapter 5.2.1 --- Plant materials --- p.110<br>Chapter 5.2.2 --- Infestation --- p.111<br>Chapter 5.2.3 --- Harvest of plant materials --- p.111<br>Chapter 5.2.4 --- Measurement of enzyme activity --- p.112<br>Chapter 5.2.4.1 --- Reagent preparation --- p.112<br>Chapter 5.2.4.2 --- Extraction method --- p.112<br>Chapter 5.2.4.3 --- Enzyme activity determination --- p.113<br>Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.115<br>Chapter 5.3.1 --- SOD activity --- p.115<br>Chapter 5.3.2 --- CAT activity --- p.116<br>Chapter 5.3.3 --- POD activity --- p.117<br>Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.1 19<br>Chapter 5.4.1 --- Changes in SOD activity --- p.120<br>Chapter 5.4.2 --- Changes in CAT and POD activity --- p.122<br>Chapter 5.4.3 --- Effects and implications of the changes in the activities of the anti-oxidative enzymes --- p.123<br>Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusions --- p.124<br>Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- Host range of C. japonica --- p.126<br>Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.126<br>Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.130<br>Chapter 6.2.1 --- Field study --- p.130<br>Chapter 6.2.1.1 --- Site description --- p.130<br>Chapter 6.2.2.2 --- Data collection --- p.130<br>Chapter 6.2.2 --- Greenhouse study --- p.131<br>Chapter 6.2.2.1 --- Site description --- p.131<br>Chapter 6.2.2.2 --- Plants selection --- p.131<br>Chapter 6.2.2.3 --- Experimental setup --- p.132<br>Chapter 6.2.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.133<br>Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.133<br>Chapter 6.3.1 --- Field study --- p.133<br>Chapter 6.3.2 --- Greenhouse study --- p.137<br>Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.138<br>Chapter 6.4.1 --- Field study --- p.138<br>Chapter 6.4.2 --- Greenhouse study --- p.140<br>Chapter 6.4.3 --- Implications on application --- p.141<br>Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusions --- p.143<br>Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- General Summary and Conclusions --- p.144<br>REFERENCES --- p.147<br>APPENDIX A --- p.166<br>APPENDIX B --- p.173<br>APPENDIX C --- p.176
32
McNeal, Joel R. "Systematics and plastid genome evolution in the parasitic plant genus Cuscuta (dodder)." 2005. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-841/index.html.
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Haupt, Sophie [Verfasser]. "Transfer phloemmobiler Substanzen von Wirtspflanzen zum Parasiten Cuscuta reflexa / von Sophie Haupt." 2001. http://d-nb.info/963210947/34.
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Liu, Shuo-Ju, and 劉碩儒. "Isolation and Identification of the Immunomodulatory Compounds in Seeds of Cuscuta chinensis." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35065406251983579029.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中國醫藥大學<br>中國藥學暨中藥資源學系碩士班<br>99<br>Seeds of Cuscuta chinensis, also known as Cuscutae Semen and Tu-Si-Zi, is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal materials. It has been used as a tonic for nourishing the liver and kidneys. However, the immunoregulatory effect of Cuscutae Semen is rarely studied. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in initiating immune response. Thus, DCs are regarded as a major target of immunomodulator for controlling immune responses. In this study, we examined the effect of Cuscutae Semen on mouse bone marrow-derived DC activation. We found that the methanol extract of Cuscutae Semen (MECS) induced the pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Also, the n-butanol and 90% methanol layers of the fractionation of MECS potentially suppressed LPS-induced DC activation, while the water layers of the fractionation of MECS potentially promoted DC activation. To identify the active ingredients, we purified compounds from n-butanol layer by using positive phase open column and reverse phase C18 column-HPLC equipment. Three compounds were found and their immunoregulatory effects were further examined. Our results showed that two of them(quercetin-3-O-apiosyl-(1→2)-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O- galactoside) suppressed DC, while the other one( chlorogenic acid
) promoted DC activation.
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Neves, Ana Cristina Mendes. "Cuscuz: criação e promoção de uma marca de Design sustentável." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/43150.
Full textAbstract:
In this essay, through the analysis of sustainability related topics, I'll be studying and mentioning the best ways for brands to develop and establish themselves consciously in both national and international markets whilst facing not only environmental issues, but also issues regarding the needs of today's society and future generations. The theoretical research component of this essay goes hand in hand with the practical part. Throughout its development, a conceptual path is drawn leading to the projection and establishment of a brand. The identity, packaging, catalog and the product itself are the prime elements. In the theoretical component, a study of the sustainability concept and its aspects will take place. In a world threatened by pollution and extreme consumption, protecting life on Earth requires a radical change in society. The analysis of activist manifests like First Things First 2000 and the influence of projects by designers like Victor Papanek shows us the importance that design has conquered as a tool for social transformation. In the practical component, the creation, development and establishment of a sustainability brand named CUSCUZ takes place. Where the word "sustainability" is highlighted, not as a marketing strategy, but as priority in all of its development. The ecological aspect of the brand CUSCUZ, which is first in line in eco-design in Portugal, can be assured in their main product (sunglasses) and in every other product involved. The essay focuses on the creation of several graphic objects associated with the brand, from its identity to all the promotional materials, but above all with an emphasis given to a publication, with book-style that spells out the basic concepts of the CUSCUZ brand, and which also arises with the aim of having a product catalog functionality.
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Salas, Leonardo Alberto. "Comparative ecology and behavior of the mountain cuscus (Phalanger carmelitae), silky cuscus (Phalanger sericeus) and coppery ringtail (Pseudochirops cupreus) at Mt. Stolle, Papua New Guinea." 2002. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3039390.
Full textAbstract:
Forty-seven mountain and silky cuscuses, and coppery ringtails were radio-tagged at Mt. Stolle, Papua New Guinea, from June 1995 to July 1998, and 15 of these were closely monitored. A total of 4,922 trees of ≥10 cm diameter were measured and identified from 5 randomly chosen hectares. About 70% of the trees were <20 cm in diameter, and <15 m high. Trees of the families Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, and Guttiferae represented >45% of the sample. Bootstrap averages of numbers of trees and species per hectare were 978 and 119 respectively. Daytime searches required significantly more effort to find animals, and provided significantly fewer captured animals per unit effort, than nighttime searches. However, chances of capturing animals once detected were higher during daytime. Drug doses of 9–17 mg Kg−1 immobilized animals within 1 minute, effects lasted 19 minutes, and recovery took an additional 28 minutes. Data for 10 species of Phalangerids and Pseudocheirids from 3 museum collections, and from measurements taken directly from the radio-tagged animals, were used to investigate the degree and nature of sexual dimorphism. Correlates of dimorphism were evaluated in two of the monitored species by analyzing behavioral and ecological data, including behavior budgets for three broad categories (eating, sitting, and walking), time between feeding bouts, home range size, absolute and relative distance traveled per hour, and five denning hole characteristics (type, visibility, height, dbh and height of tree). Sexual dimorphism in which males are larger than females exists in New Guinean medium-sized arboreal marsupial species, but not as commonly as previously reported. Seasonal weight fluctuations in correlation with reproductive status were observed in mountain cuscus females only. Lastly, animals had selective diets and ate mostly superabundant (>10 trees/hectare) species; also, overlap in the diet between the sexes did not differ from random chance, and females had more diverse diets than males. Dens were numerous, but very few were used more than 5 times. Home ranges overlapped very little in animals of the same sex, but little to extensively between sexes. Behavioral data suggest a facultative polygynous mating system in mountain cuscus and coppery ringtail.
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Tsai, Yu-Chi, and 蔡聿奇. "Phytoestrogens from the Seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Using a Cross-Kingdom Reporter Assay." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99488413801004233066.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>天然藥物研究所<br>98<br>In a course for searching natural estrogenic-like compounds from natural products, including over hundred kinds of extracts of plants and Chinese herb medicines were tested. The EtOH extract of the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis showed the significant estrogenic activity toward the transgenic Arabidopsis pER8:GUS reporter assay.
Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (Convolvulaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), was used for tonifing liver and kidney, improving eyesight, invigorate yang, securing essence and reducing urination, and prevent abortion that was associated with current clinical gynecological
disease or syndromes.
In this study, the EtOH extract of the seeds of C. chinensis was partitioned into n-hexane, 75% aqueous MeOH, n-BuOH, and H2O layers, respectively. Three new compounds, (+)-cuscutaresinol A-C (1-3), together with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the 75% MeOH(aq) layer by bioactivity-guided fractionation and isolation. Six
isolates were screened for estrogenic activity assay, the major compounds of kaempferol (10) and isorhamnetin (11) showed considerable estrogenic activity, 37.5 μg/mL and 9.375 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, (+)-pinoresinol (7) exhibited expression in a high concentration (> 100
μg/mL). The other compounds, (+)-sesamin (4)、(+)-xanthoxylol (5) and 9-hydroxysesamin (6), were found to be inactive.
Pure compounds were tested for anti-inflammatory activity, anti-platelet aggregation effect and cytotoxicity; however, they didn’t show the significant activities on these three assay.
The major and active compounds were identified from the seeds of C. chinensis by the transgenic plant, pER8:GUS reporter assay system. Because this screening system has a high sensitivity and high stability properties. And this system could tolerate higher concentrations of the samples than animal or human cells. This screening model should be
development for primary assays of natural products in the future.
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Rehker, Jan. "Konvergente Entwicklung der Infektionsmechanismen in den parasitären Pflanzen Cuscuta reflexa und Phelipanche aegyptiaca." Phd thesis, 2012. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/3223/1/Dissertation_Jan_Rehker.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In dieser Arbeit sollten zwei Charakteristika aus der Interaktion zwischen zwischen der parasitären Pflanze Cuscuta reflexa und ihrem Wirt Solanum lycopersicum auf ihre Übertragbarkeit auf den Parasiten Phelipanche aegyptiaca hin untersucht werden. Beide parasitären Pflanzen sind für landwirtschaftliche Schäden verantwortlich. Ziel war eine biotechnologische Anwendung zur Verringerung der Infektionsraten durch P. aegyptiaca.
Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass sich der attAGP-Promotor aus
S. lycopersicum nicht nur wie bereits bekannt durch C. reflexa induzieren lässt sondern auch durch P. aegyptiaca. Mittels eines Konstrukts aus attAGP-Promotor und GUS-Reportergen konnte die Induzierbarkeit des Promotors durch die Phytohormone Auxin und Salicylsäure festgestellt werden. Bei der Infektion durch
Cuscuta spielen dabei vermutlich beide Faktoren eine Rolle, während bei Phelipanche wahrscheinlich Auxin ausschlaggebend ist.
Desweiteren wurden durch Assemblieren eines Transkriptoms aus "next generation sequencing-Daten" von P. aegyptiaca mRNA Sequenzen ermittelt, welche hohe Ähnlichkeiten zur Cysteinprotease Cuscutain aus C. reflexa haben. Die auf diesen Sequenzen basierende Expressionsanalyse zeigte eine Hochregulierung während der ersten Entwicklungsstadien von P. aegyptiaca bis zum Kontakt mit der
Wirtspflanze an. Zur Prüfung einer biotechnologischen Anwendung wurden Konstrukte in Tabak transformiert, welche eine DNA-Sequenz enthielten die für das PrePropeptid des Cuscutains kodiert. Auf diese Weise wurde der natürliche Inhibitor des Cuscutains in der Wirtspflanze exprimiert. Gesteuert wurde die Expression in einem Konstrukt durch den attAGP-Promotor und im anderen durch den 35S-Promotor. Gegenüber C. reflexa zeigten mit dem 35S-PrePropeptid-Konstrukt transformierte Pflanzen widersprüchliche Ergebnisse auf die Infektionsrate. Jedoch wurden transformierte Pflanzen in allen Versuchen seltener durch P. aegyptiaca befallen, wobei das 35S-
Konstrukt einen besseren Schutz bot als jenes mit dem attAGP-Promotor und signifikant geringere Infektionsraten zur Folge hatte. Bei Beobachtung im in vitro polybag-System konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich nur beim Beginn der Infektion Unterschiede zwischen transformiertem und nicht transformiertem Tabak ergeben.
Dies und die Expressionsanalyse legen nahe, dass die Cysteinprotease in P. aegyptiaca zu Beginn der Infektion für die Hydrolyse von Abwehrproteinen in der Zellwand des Wirtes verantwortlich sein könnte. Der mittels der Konstrukte exprimierte Inhibitor hatte somit vermutlich eine schützende Funktion. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich abseits der bereits bekannten Übereinstimmungen weitere konvergente Entwicklungen zwischen parasitären Pflanzen als auch der Reaktion ihrer Wirte auf diese finden. Eine dahingehende Überprüfung auf
Übertragbarkeit kann sich daher aus biotechnologischer Sicht lohnen.
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Werner, Monika. "Molekulare Charakterisierung der Reaktion von Lycopersicon esculentum auf den phanerogamen Parasiten Cuscuta reflexa." Doctoral thesis, 2000. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-2462.
Full textAbstract:
In der inkompatiblen Interaktion von Lycopersicon esculentum und Cuscuta reflexa wird die Ausbildung von Haustorien, spezieller Organe, die der Nahrungsaufnahme durch den Parasiten dienen,bereits in einem sehr frühen Stadium der Infektion gehemmt. Um einen Einblick in die Regulationsmechanismen der Tomatenreaktion zu gewinnen, wurde eine Subtraktive Hybridisierung durchgeführt und es konnten 20 Gene identifiziert werden, deren Transkripte nach Cuscuta-Befall im Wirtsgewebe akkumulieren. Entsprechend ihrer möglichen Proteinfunktion lassen sich die mRNAs verschiedenen Bereichen der Tomatenreaktion im Infektionsprozess zuordnen: (a) Abwehr-assoziierte Proteine, (b) Signaltransduktionsassoziierte Proteine, (c) Zellstreckungsassoziierte Proteine und (d) Proteine mit bislang vollständig unbekannter Funktion. Einige der identifizierten mRNAs wurden durch Northern Analysen näher charakterisiert. Da eine der mRNAs eine mögliche Xyloglucanendotransglycosylase (XET) kodiert, wurde die XET-Aktivität im Tomatengewebe nach Infektion bestimmt. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Phytohormons Auxin auf die Akkumulation der Xyloglucanendotransglycosylase LeEXT1 sowie des Aquaporins LeAqp2 untersucht. Trotz auxinregulierter Transkription nach Cuscuta-Befall zeigte die auxininsensitive Tomatenmutante diageotropica im Vergleich zum Wildtyp keine veränderte Kompatibilität<br>The resistant host tomato prevents the development of haustoria, specialised parasitic organs for the uptake of water and assimilates, at early stages of infection with the phanerogamic parasite Cuscuta reflexa. In order to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in tomato response to the attack by Cuscuta reflexa a suppressive subtractive hybridisation technique was used thereby identifying genes expressed following parasitic attachment. The twenty cDNA clones obtained represent mRNAs which possibly encode proteins of several functions during the infection process: (a) defence-related proteins, (b) proteins involved in signal transduction, (c) cell expansion-associated proteins, and (d) proteins with so far unknown function. Of these clones initially identified to have elevated transcript levels within 12 hours after onset of infection, several were further characterised by Northern analysis. One of the genes identified encode a putative xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET). The XET activity in tomato tissue was estimated following parasitic onset. After auxin treatment, both the xyloglucan endotransglycosylase LeEXT1 and the aquaporin LeAqp2 mRNA showed elevated transcript levels in cortical cells of tomato stems suggesting a potential in auxin-mediated cell expansion which occurred after parasitic attack. Analysis of the auxin insensitive tomato mutant diageotropica indicated no changes in the degree of compatibility in comparison to the wildtyp
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Albert, Markus. "Studien zur Interaktion des pflanzlichen Parasiten Cuscuta reflexa mit dem inkompatiblen Wirt Lycopersicon esculentum." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/629/1/Albert.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Der pflanzliche Holoparasit Cuscuta reflexa wächst ohne Wurzeln und Blätter windenartig an den Sprossen von anderen Pflanzen. Mit Hilfe von Haustorien dringt Cuscuta in das Gewebe der Wirtspflanzen ein und entzieht ihnen Nährstoffe, Assimilate und Wasser. Tomate stellt eine der wenigen Pflanzen dar, die für eine Cuscuta-Infektion resistent ist. Durch die Bildung eines sekundären Abschlussgewebes im direkten Infektionsbereich schützt sie sich vor einem Eindringen der parasitischen Haustorien. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass das sekundäre Abschlussgewebe der Tomate aus Wundsuberin besteht. Ältere Tomatenpflanzen waren meist nicht mehr in der Lage ein solches Schutzgewebe zu produzieren und sind folgedessen für eine Cuscuta-Infektion kompatibel. Aufgrund eines möglichen Zusammenhanges einer Abwehrreaktion gegen Cuscuta und einer allgemeinen Wundreaktion der Tomate, wurden Signale wie Jasmonsäure (JA), Salizylsäure (SA) und Kalzium, die während einer Wundreaktion auftreten, näher untersucht. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass der JA-Gehalt in infizierten Tomatenpflanzen um das fünf- bis sechsfache zunimmt. Versuche mit Pflanzen, die einen konstitutiv stark verminderten SA- bzw. JA-Gehalt aufweisen, offenbaren jedoch dasselbe Abwehrverhalten gegenüber Cuscuta wie infizierte Kontrollpflanzen. Die Analyse von Aequorin-exprimierenden Tomaten- und Tabakpflanzen ergab, dass Ca2+-Signale ca. 12 – 16 Stunden nach Ansetzen von Cuscuta in einem Zeitraum von mehreren Stunden in Wirtspflanzen erschienen. An Hand eines Tests mit Blattscheiben von Aequorin-exprimierenden Tomatenpflanzen konnte belegt werden, dass nur Protein-Extrakte aus Cuscuta-Haustorien Ca2+-Signale auslösen. Ein neu identifiziertes Arabinogalactan Protein (attAGP) der Tomate wurde molekularbiologisch charakterisiert und seine Funktion während der Abwehr gegenüber Cuscuta ermittelt. Zur Untersuchung der subzellulären Lokalisation wurden Zellen einer Zwiebelschuppen-Epidermis transient mit einem attAGP-mGFP4-cDNA-Konstrukt transformiert. Mit Hilfe eines „Confokalen Laser Scanning Mikroskops“ konnte das attAGP-mGFP4 Fusionsprotein ausschließlich in der Plasmamembran lokalisiert werden. Nach dem Klonieren und der Fusion des attAGP-Promotors mit einem Reportergen konnte gezeigt werden, dass das attAGP-Gen ca. 24 Stunden nach Ansetzen von Cuscuta direkt an der Infektionsstelle aktiv ist, was mit Ergebnissen einer Northernblot-Analyse übereinstimmt. Zur Funktionsanalyse von attAGP wurde dessen mRNA-Gehalt in Tomatenpflanzen transient mittels „Virus Induziertem Gen Silencing“ (VIGS) vermindert. Nach dem Messen der parasitären Anheftungskraft war ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen attAGP-mRNA-Gehalt und dem Anheftungsverhalten von Cuscuta an der Tomate offensichtlich. Je mehr attAGP-mRNA an der Cuscuta-Ansatzstelle vorhanden ist, desto größer ist die Anheftungskraft von Cuscuta. attAGP stellt ein Anheftungsprotein dar. Von Cuscuta reflexa wurde eine cDNA-Bibliothek angelegt, und diese differentiell nach Sequenzen durchmustert, deren Gene während der Entwicklung von Haustorien induziert sind. Neben mehreren noch unbekannten Sequenzen wurden cDNAs identifiziert, deren Proteine an Vorgängen wie genetische Mobilität, Signaltransduktion oder der Lyse von Zellwänden und Proteinen beteiligt sind.
41
Chao, Wei-Kai, and 趙威凱. "Studies on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. in mice." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46956076312258717649.
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碩士<br>中國醫藥大學<br>中國藥學暨中藥資源學系碩士班<br>100<br>A member of the Convolvulaceae family, seeds of Cuscuta chinensis (Lam.) called Chinese Dodder are commonly used as a tonic medicinal material and used for treating tocolysis, incontinence, high blood pressure and kidney deficiency by traditional Chinese physicians in Taiwan. In previous studies, the extracts of C. chinensis exhibit efficient antioxidative and human immunity enhancement activities. However, those researches of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Cuscutae Semen are still not enough thorough. In this study, the anti- inflammatory and analgesic effects of the methanolic extract of C. chinensis (CCMeOH) were examined by acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin tests. The anti-inflammatory effect of the CCMeOH was examined by λ-carrageenan- induced paw edema in mice, and the indomethacin was used as a positive control among these animal experiments. To understand the mechanism of anti- inflammatory effect of the CCMeOH, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutahoine reductase (GSH-Rx), glutahoine peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in livers and malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in paws were evaluated by ELISA kit. The result showed that CCMeOH inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response, the early phase and late phase of formalin- induced licking times and Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. CCMeOH decreased those inflammatory factors (MDA、NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NO、COX-2) and increased the ability of those antioxidant enzymes (SOD、GPx、GRd).
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Wei, Pei-Hsuan, and 魏培萱. "Study on Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Herbal Ethanol Extracts from Cuscuta spp." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54946439747466254496.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>99<br>This study aims to investigate the efficacy of extracts of Cuscuta spp. parasitizing on different hosts on human hepatoma HepG2 and Huh7, and LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell lines. The authenticity of Cuscuta species was identified through comparison of sequences from the internal transcribed spacers of rDNA. The chemical profiles of extracts were illucidated by high pressure liquid chromatography where hyperin was used as the standard reference. Moreover, the total flavonoids of extracts were measured, and the relationship between total flavonoids and efficacy on cell lines HepG2, Huh7, and RAW 264.7 was also evaluated. The Cuscuta plant samples were collected from different areas of Taiwan and identified. Samples 18 and 19 belong to Cuscuta japonica, 05 and 12 are Cuscuta australis, while the other 20 samples are characterized as Cuscuta campestris. The ethanol extracts of Cuscuta spp. except Cuscuta australis seed (No. 5) that purchased from market and the whole plant of Cuscuta japonica (No. 18) parasitizing in Broussonetia papyrifera significantly decreased cell survival rate of the Huh7 cell line (p &lt; 0.05). In HepG2 cell toxicity test, only the whole plant Cuscuta japonica (No. 19) parasitiizing in Trema orientalis showed no toxic effects, whereas the other extracts decreased the HepG2 cell growth significantly (p &lt; 0.05). The most potent extract is the whole plant of Cuscuta spp. (No. 10) parasitizing in Paederia foetida. The IC50 for HepG2 and Huh7 is 41.62 μg/mL and IC50 of 33.75 μg/mL, respectively. The effect of ethanol plant extracts from 24 Cuscuta spp. on the RAW 264.7 cell line was examined after 24 hours LPS stimulation and NO production was measured by the nitrite formation in medium. Seed (No. 5) and whole plant of Cuscuta australis (No. 12), as well as the extracts of Cuscuta spp. parasitizing in Vitex rotundifolia (No. 24), Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. Brasiliensis (No. 22), Aster subulatus (No. 23), and Ipomoea cairic (No. 11) significantly decreased NO production (p &lt;0.05) without obvious toxicity (cell survival rate ranged from 65-100%). In the HPLC analysis, the standard reference hyperin could be detected in most of the extracts except samples parasitizing in Broussonetia papyrifera and Trema orientalis (No. 18, 19). Higher total flavonoids were detected 42.72 mg/g, 59.96 mg/g, and 37.94 mg/g in Cuscuta spp. parasitizing in Bidens pilosa var. radiata (No. 13), Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasiliensis (No. 22) and Vitex rotundifolia (No. 24), respectively. And these ethanol extracts also showed inhibition on growth of HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines. Although further investigation will be required to clarify the relationship between the total extracted flavonoids and pharmaceutical efficacy to these cell lines and reduction of NO production on RAW 264.7 cell.
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Birschwilks, Mandy [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zum Stofftransfer zwischen dem phanerogamen Holoparasiten Cuscuta spec. und seinen Wirtspflanzen / von Mandy Birschwilks." 2003. http://d-nb.info/972494820/34.
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Runyon, Justin Blake De Moraes Consuelo M. Mescher Mark C. "Chemically-mediated interactions between the parasitic plant Cuscuta pentagona, its hosts plants, and insect herbivores." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2612/index.html.
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VURRO, Emanuela. "Stress da cadmio in Daucus carota e nell'oloparassita Cuscuta campestris: studi isto-anatomici e funzionali." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11381/2384274.
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SHIH, BO-JHENG, and 施伯政. "Analysis and Application of Synthesis Characteristics of Transparent Conductive CuSCN." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40274090877859070497.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>電子工程學系<br>105<br>In this paper, copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) is deposited on Pb-Sb-S film as a P-type transparent conductive layer for dye-sensitized solar cells with continuous ion-layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). By controlling the process temperature, different crystal structures of cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN) were obtained and their physical properties were further analyzed.
The crystal structure of X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to analyze the crystal structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) is used to observe the surface morphology of the films. X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) is used for qualitative analysis and surface quantitative analysis of chemical composition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to observe the internal morphology of the material and the crystal structure of the atoms. UV-Vis spectrophotometer is used to measure light transmittance and calculate its energy level. Raman spectrometer (Raman spectrometer) is used to analyze the lattice and molecular vibration mode and rotation mode.
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Chen, Yi-Wen, and 陳宜汶. "Hepatoprotective effect of Cuscuta campestris ethanol extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver damage in mice." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ad6b76.
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碩士<br>中國醫藥大學<br>中國藥學暨中藥資源學系碩士班<br>102<br>The liver is the body''s vital metabolic organ. According to Ministry of Health and Welfare statistics show people death caused by liver disease is one of the top ten diseases. Contemporary studies have shown that flavonoids can effectively prevent or treat liver diseases. Therefore, this study used Cuscuta campestris ethanol extract (CCEtOH) containing flavonoid as the study sample tested. The experiments conducted using ICR male mice in chronic hepatitis tests are divided into six groups, one is normal group, the secondary group is mice treated with CCl4, the third group is positive control group (Silymarin, 200 mg/kg) and the last three groups were three doses of CCEtOH. The study period were last for 8 weeks. The results showed that the body weight, sALT, sAST, TG, TC, MDA of mice treated with carbon tetrachloride were significant differences as compared with the normal group. CCEtOH was significantly decreased the weight of body and liver, as well as the levels of sALT, sAST, TG, Cholesterol, SOD, GSH-Px, GSH-Rd and MDA induced by CCl4. These results show that CCEtOH could improve the CCl4-induced liver injury. In summary, CCEtOH of chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis improve the role, its mechanism of speculated that the CCEtOH can effectively increase the SOD, GSH-Px, GSH-Rd of antioxidant enzymes activity and reduction of the amount of liver tissue MDA generation. In addition, the histopathological results showed that CCEtOH can reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the necrosis and fibrosis in liver. Thus, our findings support that Cuscuta campestris can potentially be developed as a hepatoprotective product.
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Heinsohn, Thomas E. "The realm of the cuscus : animal translocation and biological invasions east of Wallace's Line." Master's thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147615.
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Xuan-JunLin and 林宣均. "A study of application of CuSCN thin film to ultraviolet photodetectors." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n3u8n7.
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Po-YuLei and 雷博宇. "A study of electro-deposited CuSCN thin film for RRAM applications." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36nzy7.
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