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Journal articles on the topic 'Cuspal deflection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Shabayek, NM, FM Hassan, and EH Mobarak. "Effect of Using Silorane-based Resin Composite for Restoring Conservative Cavities on the Changes in Cuspal Deflection." Operative Dentistry 38, no. 2 (2013): E42—E49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-035-l.

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SUMMARY Objective: To investigate the effect of using two resin-composite materials for restoring conservative mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities on the changes (incremental and cumulative) in cuspal deflection. Methods: Forty extracted sound human maxillary second premolars were subjected to standardized MOD cavity preparation and then divided into two groups (n=20). The first group of teeth was restored with Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), and Filtek P90 (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) was used in the second group. Incremental cuspal deflection was calculated by measuring the intercuspal distance between the indexed cusp tips before the restoration and at five-minute intervals up to 30 minutes using a stereomicroscope connected to a digital camera. Cumulative cuspal deflection for both materials was also calculated. Results: Comparing the incremental cuspal deflection of the tested groups at each time interval, it was found that there was no significant difference immediately after curing and at five, 15, 20, and 25 minutes. However, a significant difference was recorded at 10 and 30 minutes. For the cumulative cuspal deflection, Filtek P90 showed significantly lower deflection values than Filtek Z250 only after five minutes. Conclusions: Incremental cuspal deflections of both materials over the tested intervals were almost comparable. However, after five minutes of curing, silorane-based resin composite surpassed the methacrylate-based resin composite in controlling the cumulative cuspal deflection.

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Abdulaali Jlekh, Zahraa, and Zainab M. Abdul-Ameer. "Evaluation of the Cuspal Deflection of Premolars Restored with Different Types of Bulk Fill Composite Restorations (A comparative in vitro study)." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 2 (2018): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1429.

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This in vitro study aimed to assess and compare premolars cuspal deflection that restored with different bulk fill resin materials types (SonicFillTM2, Beautifil Bulk Fill restorative, and FiltekTM Bulk Fill posterior restorative) to those incrementally restored group with conventional composite restorations (low shrinkage universal Tetric Evoceram). A total of 40 intact human maxillary first premolars were prepared into large MOD. Then teeth were randomly classified into four groups (n=10 for each group) according to restorative materials as following: Group A: Teeth were restored with Sonic FillTM2 composite, Group B: restored with Beautifil Bulk Fill restorative material, Group C: Teeth were restored with Filtek BulkTM Fill posterior restorative, and Group D: Teeth were restored with Universal Tetric Evo Ceram®. Digital microscope was used to measure intercuspal distance between two index reference points on the tips of the cusps before preparation, after preparation, and 15minutes after completion of restorations. The differences registered as cuspal deflection. All teeth were exposed to inward cuspal deflection after restoration and all groups that restored with bulk fill restoration reported lower cuspal deflection in compared to group D that restored with conventional composite in layering technique. Beautifil Bulk Fill restorative produced significantly greater cuspal deflection than other bulk fill groups. The study concluded that the use of new bulk fill restorative materials might reduce amount of cuspal deflection significantly. However, type of bulk fill restorative materials also influenced on amount of cuspal deflection so restoration with Sonic Fill™2 composite and Filtek Bulk™ Fill posterior reported lower cuspal deflection than Beautifil Bulk Fill restorative material.

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Nguyen, KV, RH Wong, J. Palamara, and MF Burrow. "The Effect of Resin-modified Glass-ionomer Cement Base and Bulk-fill Resin Composite on Cuspal Deformation." Operative Dentistry 41, no. 2 (2016): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/14-331-l.

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SUMMARY Objectives: This study investigated cuspal deformation in teeth restored with different types of adhesive materials with and without a base. Methods: Mesio-occluso-distal slot cavities of moderately large dimension were prepared on extracted maxillary premolars (n=24). Teeth were assigned to one of four groups and restored with either a sonic-activated bulk-fill resin composite (RC) (SonicFill), or a conventional nanohybrid RC (Herculite Ultra). The base materials used were a flowable nanofilled RC (Premise Flowable) and a high-viscosity resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) (Riva Light-Cure HV). Cuspal deflection was measured with two direct current differential transformers, each contacting a buccal and palatal cusp. Cuspal movements were recorded during and after restoration placement. Data for the buccal and palatal cusp deflections were combined to give the net cuspal deflection. Results: Data varied widely. All teeth experienced net inward cuspal movement. No statistically significant differences in cuspal deflection were found among the four test groups. Conclusions: The use of a flowable RC or an RMGIC in closed-laminate restorations produced the same degree of cuspal movement as restorations filled with only a conventional nanohybrid or bulk-fill RC.

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Jafarpour, S., W. El-Badrawy, HS Jazi, and D. McComb. "Effect of Composite Insertion Technique on Cuspal Deflection Using an In Vitro Simulation Model." Operative Dentistry 37, no. 3 (2012): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/11-086-l.

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SUMMARY Objective The objective of this study was to investigate, by simulation, the effect of conventional composite resin insertion techniques on cuspal deflection using bonded typodont artificial teeth. The deflection produced by a new low-shrinkage composite was also determined. Materials and Methods Sixty standardized MOD preparations on ivorine maxillary premolars were prepared: group A at 4 mm depth and group B at 6 mm depth. Each group was further subdivided according to composite insertion technique (n=6), as follows: 1) bulk insertion, 2) horizontal increments, 3) tangential increments, and 4) a modified tangential technique. Preparations were microetched, acid-cleaned, and bonded with adhesive resin to provide micromechanical attachment before restoration with a conventional composite (Spectrum TPH3, Dentsply). Two additional subgroups at 4 mm and 6 mm depth (n=6) were restored in bulk using low-shrinkage composite (Filtek LS, 3M/ESPE). All groups received the same total photo-polymerization time. Cuspal deflection was measured during the restorative procedure using two Linear Variable Differential Transformers attached to a data acquisition system. Results The average cuspal deflections for group A were 1) 40.17 ± 1.18 μm, 2) 25.80 ± 4.98 μm, 3) 28.27 ± 5.12 μm, and 4) 27.33 ± 2.42 μm. The deflections in group B were 1) 38.82 ± 3.64 μm, 2) 50.39 ± 9.17 μm, 3) 55.62 ± 8.16 μm, and 4) 49.61 ± 8.01 μm. Cuspal flexure for the low-shrinkage composite was 11.14 ± 1.67 μm (group A: 4 mm depth) and 16.53 ± 2.79 μm (group B: 6 mm depth). Conclusions All insertion techniques using conventional composite caused cuspal deformation. In general, deeper preparations showed increased cuspal deflection—except in the case of bulk insertion, which was likely affected by decreased depth of cure. Cuspal movement using low-shrinkage composite was significantly reduced.

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Karaman, E., and G. Ozgunaltay. "Cuspal Deflection in Premolar Teeth Restored Using Current Composite Resins With and Without Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Liner." Operative Dentistry 38, no. 3 (2013): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/11-400-l.

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SUMMARY Aim: To evaluate the effects of four different types of composite resins and a resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) liner on the cuspal deflection of large MOD cavities in vitro. Materials & Methods: One hundred twenty-eight extracted human upper premolar teeth were used. After the teeth were divided into eight groups (n=16), standardized large MOD cavities were prepared. The distance between cusp tips was measured before and after the cavity preparations with a digital micrometer. Then the teeth were restored with different resin composites (Filtek Supreme XT, Filtek P60, Filtek Z250, Filtek Silorane - 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) with and without a RMGIC liner (Vitrebond, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA). Cuspal deflection was measured 5 min, 24 h, and 48 h after the completion of restorations. The data were statistically analyzed with Friedman and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: A significant reduction in cuspal deflection was observed in Filtek Silorane restorations with and without RMGIC liner (p&lt;0.05). In all restored teeth, the distance between cusps was reduced but they did not return to their original positions during the 48 h period. All teeth showed cuspal deflection, but placement of RMGIC liner reduced it. Conclusion: The use of silorane-based composites and the placement of RMGIC liner under the composite resin restorations resulted in significantly reduced cuspal deflection.

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Shimatani, Y., A. Tsujimoto, WW Barkmeier, et al. "Simulated Cuspal Deflection and Flexural Properties of Bulk-Fill and Conventional Flowable Resin Composites." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 5 (2020): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-160-l.

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Clinical Relevance Some bulk-fill flowable resin composites produce less cuspal deflection than a conventional incrementally filled flowable resin composites. SUMMARY Objective: This study investigated simulated cuspal deflection and flexural properties of bulk-fill and conventional flowable resin composites. Methods and Materials: Five bulk-fill and six conventional flowable resin composites were evaluated. Aluminium blocks with a mesio-occlusal-distal cavity were prepared and randomly divided into groups for each of the different measurement techniques and were further subdivided according to the type of flowable resin composite. The simulated cuspal deflection caused by the polymerization of resin composite within an aluminium block was measured using a highly accurate submicron digimatic micrometer or a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In addition, the flexural properties of tested resin composites were measured to investigate the relation between cuspal deflection and flexural properties, and the resin composites were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Simulated cuspal deflection of some bulk-fill flowable resin composites was found to be significantly lower than or similar to those for conventional counterparts, regardless of the measurement method. There were statistically significant differences in flexural properties depending on the material, regardless of the type of flowable resin composite. Pearson correlation analysis did not reveal a statistically significant relationship between flexural properties and cuspal deflection. Conclusion: These results indicate that some bulk-fill flowable resin composites exhibit lower cuspal deflection with the bulk-filling technique than is shown by conventional flowable resin composites using the incremental filling technique. Simulated cuspal deflection can be measured using either a micrometer or CLSM, but this experiment failed to show a significant relationship between cuspal deflection and flexural properties of flowable resin composites.

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Kim, ME, and SH Park. "Comparison of Premolar Cuspal Deflection in Bulk or in Incremental Composite Restoration Methods." Operative Dentistry 36, no. 3 (2011): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/10-315-l.

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SUMMARY Objectives This study examined the cuspal deflection of maxillary premolars when either a bulk filling or incremental filling technique was employed using a range of composites with different elastic moduli. Methods Four brands of composite materials, Heliomolar (HM, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Heliomolar HB (HH, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Filtec Supreme XT (FS, 3M Dental Product, St Paul, MN, USA), and Renew (RN, Bisco Inc, Schaumburg, IL, USA), as well as three filling techniques, bulk filling, two-layer incremental filling, and three-layer incremental filling methods, were used. One hundred twenty caries-free human premolars were collected and divided into four groups according to the filling material used. Each of these four groups was then subdivided into three groups according to filling method. In group 1, a bulk filling of 0.15 g of each resin was inserted and light-cured with LED light from the occlusal, mesial, and distal surfaces for 60 seconds each. Group 2 was given two horizontal increments, 0.08 g and 0.07 g, with each increment light-cured from the occlusal, mesial, and distal surfaces for 30 seconds each. In group 3, three horizontal increments of 0.05 g were used, each of which was light-cured from the occlusal, mesial, and distal surfaces for 20 seconds each. The cuspal deflection was measured using a customized cuspal deflection measuring machine for 10 minutes after initiating light polymerization. The elastic modulus of each composite resin material was measured using a three-point bending test. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Dunnet test was used to examine the effect of the two variables (curing methods, materials) on the amount of cuspal deflection at the 95% confidence level. In each material, groups 1, 2 and 3 were compared using one-way ANOVA and a Dunnet test at the 95% confidence level. The elastic moduli of HM, HH, FS, and RN were compared using one-way ANOVA and a Tukey test at the 95% confidence level. The relationship between the amount of cuspal deflection in each group and the elastic modulus of the composite was analyzed using a Pearson correlation test. Results The amount of cuspal deflection in HH was larger than in the other materials (HM, FS, and RN; p&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between HM, FS, and RN. The amount of cuspal deflection was greatest in group 1, followed in order by groups 2 and 3 (p&lt;0.05). The amount of cuspal deflection was in the following order: group 1≥2≥3 in HM, and 1&gt;2, 3 in HH, FS, and RN. The elastic modulus was HH&gt;RN&gt;FS&gt;HM (p&lt;0.05). There was a positive correlation between the cuspal deflection and the elastic modulus of the composite. Conclusions The incremental filling techniques reduced the amount of cuspal deflection in all composite groups with different elastic moduli. The amount of cuspal deflection showed a positive correlation with the elastic modulus of the composite.

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Lee, S.-Y., and S.-H. Park. "Correlation Between the Amount of Linear Polymerization Shrinkage and Cuspal Deflection." Operative Dentistry 31, no. 3 (2006): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/05-46.

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Clinical Relevance When restoring teeth with Class II cavities, the amount of polymerization shrinkage value of composites determines the amount of cuspal deflection of teeth. Thus, resin composites with low polymerization shrinkage should be used to reduce cuspal deflection.

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Oliveira, L., EG Mota, GA Borges, LH Burnett, and AM Spohr. "Influence of Immediate Dentin Sealing Techniques on Cuspal Deflection and Fracture Resistance of Teeth Restored with Composite Resin Inlays." Operative Dentistry 39, no. 1 (2014): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-100-l.

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SUMMARY This research evaluated the influence of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) techniques on cuspal deflection and fracture resistance of teeth restored with composite resin inlays. Forty-eight maxillary premolars were divided into four groups: G1, sound teeth (control); G2, without IDS; G3, IDS with Clearfil SE Bond (CSE); and G4, IDS with CSE and Protect Liner F. The teeth from groups 2, 3, and 4 received mesio-distal-occlusal preparations. The impressions were made with vinyl polysiloxane, followed by provisional restoration and storage in water for seven days. The impressions were poured using type IV die stone, and inlays with Filtek Z250 composite resin were built over each cast. The inlays were luted with Panavia F. After storage in water for 72 hours, a 200-N load was applied on the occlusal surface using a metal sphere connected to a universal testing machine, and the cuspal deflection was measured with a micrometer. The specimens were then submitted to an axial load until failure. The following mean cuspal deflection (μm) and mean fracture resistance (N) followed by the same lowercase letter represent no statistical difference by analysis of variance and Tukey (p&lt;0.05): cuspal deflection: G1, 3.1 ± 1.5a; G2, 10.3 ± 4.6b; G3, 5.5 ± 1.8ac; and G4, 7.7 ± 5.1bc; fracture resistance: G1, 1974 ± 708a; G2, 1162 ± 474b; G3, 700 ± 280b; and G4, 810 ± 343b. IDS with CSE allowed cuspal deflection comparable with that associated with sound teeth. The application of Protect Liner F did not contribute to a decrease in cuspal deflection. The IDS techniques did not influence the fracture resistance of teeth.

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Sobrinho, Lourenço Correr, Sandra Costa Zamboni, Lafayette Nogueira, Marco Antonio Bottino, and Luiz Felipe Valandro. "The Effect of Mechanical Loading on the Cusp Deflection of Premolars Restored with Direct and Indirect Techniques." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 1 (2014): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1491.

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ABSTRACT Aim This study assessed the effect of fatigue load cycling on human premolars restored with MOD restorations (direct and indirect approaches) on cuspal deflection, compared to intact teeth (unprepared) and unrestored teeth with an inlay preparation. Materials and methods MOD inlay preparations were performed on sixty premolars with their roots embedded in acrylic resin. These teeth were divided into six groups (n = 10): (1) intact teeth; (2) unrestored and prepared teeth; (3) teeth restored with direct composite resin; (4) teeth restored with an indirect composite resin; (5) teeth restored with injected ceramic inlays (IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar); (6) teeth restored with CAD/CAM inlays made of feldspathic ceramic (Vita Mark II). All of the indirect restorations were adhesively cemented. Strain-gauges were bonded to the buccal and lingual surfaces of the specimens. Compressive axial loading of 100N was applied on the occlusal face of the specimens to measure the cuspal deflection (microstrain) under compressive loading. These measurements were obtained before and after mechanical cycling (1 Hz, 37°C, 100,000x). Results Comparing the results obtained before and after fatiguing, the cuspal deflection increased only in the CAD/CAM approach. The prepared tooth group had the highest cuspal deflection, before and after mechanical cycling. Conclusion the evaluated restoring approaches decrease the cuspal deflection, consequently appear to improve the cuspal reinforcement. How to cite this article Zamboni SC, Nogueira L, Bottino MA, Sobrinho LC, Valandro LF. Effect of Mechanical Loading on the Cusp Deflection of Premolars Restored with Direct and Indirect Techniques. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):75-81.

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Vinagre, Alexandra, João Ramos, Sofia Alves, Ana Messias, Nélia Alberto, and Rogério Nogueira. "Cuspal Displacement Induced by Bulk Fill Resin Composite Polymerization: Biomechanical Evaluation Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors." International Journal of Biomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7134283.

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Polymerization shrinkage is a major concern to the clinical success of direct composite resin restorations. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of polymerization shrinkage strain of two resin composites on cuspal movement based on the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Twenty standardized Class II cavities prepared in upper third molars were allocated into two groups (n=10). Restorations involved the bulk fill placement of conventional microhybrid resin composite (Esthet•X® HD, Dentsply DeTrey) (Group 1) or flowable “low-shrinkage” resin composite (SDR™, Dentsply DeTrey) (Group 2). Two FBG sensors were used per restoration for real-time measurement of cuspal linear deformation and temperature variation. Group comparisons were determined using ANCOVA(α=0.05)considering temperature as the covariate. A statistically significant correlation between cuspal deflection, time, and material was observed (p<0.01). Cuspal deflection reached 8.8 μm (0.23%) and 7.8 μm (0.20%) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. When used with bulk fill technique, flowable resin composite SDR™induced significantly less cuspal deflection than the conventional resin composite Esthet•X® HD (p=0.015) and presented a smoother curve slope during the polymerization. FBG sensors appear to be a valid tool for accurate real-time monitoring of cuspal deformation.

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Elsharkasi, MM, JA Platt, NB Cook, GH Yassen, and BA Matis. "Cuspal Deflection in Premolar Teeth Restored with Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composite Materials." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 1 (2018): E1—E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-072-l.

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SUMMARY The present study investigated the effect of three high-viscosity bulk-fill resin-based composite materials on cuspal deflection in natural teeth. Thirty-two sound maxillary premolar teeth with large slot mesio-occlusal-distal cavities were distributed into four groups (n=8). Three groups were restored with bulk-fill resin composite materials (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein; x-tra fil, VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany; and SonicFill, Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) in a single 4-mm increment. The conventional composite group, Filtek Z100 (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), was used to restore the cavities in 2-mm increments. Cusp deflection was recorded postirradiation using a Nikon measurescope UM-2 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) by measuring the changes in the bucco-palatal widths of the teeth at five minutes, 24 hours, and 48 hours after completion of the restorations. Cuspal deflection was significantly higher in the conventional composite than in the Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (p=0.0031), x-tra fil (p=0.0029), and SonicFill Bulk (p=0.0002) groups. There were no significant differences in cuspal deflection among the three bulk-fill materials (all p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, all the investigated bulk-fill resin composites exhibited cuspal deflection values that were smaller than those associated with a conventional incrementally placed resin composite.

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Oskoee, Siavash Savadi, Amir Ahmad Ajami, Parnian Alizadeh Oskoee, et al. "The Effect of Composite Fiber Insertion along with Lowshrinking Composite Resin on Cuspal Deflection of Root-filled Maxillary Premolars." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 5 (2012): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1193.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three methods of composite fiber placement along with siloranebased composite resin on cuspal deflection and fracture strength of root-filled maxillary premolars. Materials and methods Mesio-occluso-distal cavities were prepared in 60 extracted premolars subsequent to endodontic treatment. The remaining thickness of buccal and lingual walls at height of contour was 2.5 ± 0.2 mm and the gingival cavosurface margin was 1.5 mm coronal to cementoenamel junction. Subsequent to measurement of primary intercuspal distances, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups. In group 1, the cavities were only filled with Filtek Silorane composite resin. In the other three groups, preimpregnated glass fibers were placed at gingival, middle and occlusal thirds respectively, and the cavities were restored similar to the group 1. Cuspal deflection was recorded in micrometer using a stereomicroscope. Fracture strength of the samples was measured in Newton subsequent to thermocycling. Data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results The highest cuspal deflection was recorded in the group 1, and the difference between group 1 and other groups was significant (p < 0.001). Fracture resistance in group 4 was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion In restoring root-filled premolars with siloranebased composite resins, cuspal deflection decreased with the use of preimpregnated glass fibers. Clinical significance Using preimpregnated glass fibers along with silorane-based composite resin may lead to better results in cuspal deflection and fracture resistance of endodonticallytreated maxillary premolars. How to cite this article Oskoee SS, Oskoee PA, Navimipour EJ, Ajami AA, Zonuz GA, Bahari M, Pournaghiazar F. The Effect of Composite Fiber Insertion along with Low-shrinking Composite Resin on Cuspal Deflection of Root-filled Maxillary Premolars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):595-601.

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Tsujimoto, A., CA Jurado, WW Barkmeier, et al. "Effect of Layering Techniques on Polymerization Shrinkage Stress of High- and Low-viscosity Bulk-fill Resins." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 6 (2020): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/19-217-l.

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Clinical Relevance The use of layering techniques is still advisable with many bulk-fill resins and should be the default unless a particular resin is known to not need it. SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how layering techniques affect polymerization shrinkage stresses of high-and low-viscosity bulk-fill resins. Method: Six high-viscosity and six low-viscosity bulk-fill resins were evaluated. Aluminum blocks with a mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity were machined and randomly divided into groups for different filling techniques (bulk-fill vs horizontal layering vs oblique layering) and further subdivided according to type of resin (high- vs low-viscosity). The cuspal deflection resulting from the polymerization of bulk-fill resin bonded to a MOD cavity within an aluminum block was measured with a digimatic micrometer. Scanning electron microscopy analyses of tested resins were also conducted. Results: In the high-viscosity bulk-fill resins, cuspal deflection of the MOD cavity ranged from 11.2 to 18.2 μm with the bulk-filling technique, from 10.7 to 15.5 μm with the horizontal layering technique, and from 10.9 to 15.2 μm with the oblique layering technique. In the low-viscosity bulk-fill resins, cuspal deflection of the material ranged from 9.2 to 19.8 μm with the bulk-filling technique, from 8.2 to 15.7 μm with the horizontal layering technique, and from 8.4 to 16.4 μm with the oblique layering technique. Conclusion: Cuspal deflections for some high-and low-viscosity bulk-fill resins were significantly reduced by using layering techniques, but the resultant improvement of layering techniques was not applicable to all the bulk-fill resins used in this study.

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Rocha, Daniel Maranha da, João Maurício Ferraz da Silva, Liliana Gressler May, Maria Amélia Máximo Araújo, Rebeca Di Nicoló, and João Carlos Rocha. "Cuspal deflection of directly or indirectly restored teeth." Brazilian Dental Science 16, no. 4 (2013): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2013.v16i4.899.

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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluatethe cuspal deflection of teeth restored directlyand indirectly. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>Fortysound maxillary premolar teeth were restoredwith composite and different base materials. Widemesial-occlusal-distal cavity preparations wereperformed, with isthmus width of one third of thedistance between the cuspal tips, 3 mm occlusaland a 5 mm interproximal preparation height. Theteeth were divided into 4 groups (n = 10), accordingto the restoration type: G1) GIC-DCR (1 mm glassionomer cement base and direct restoration usingnanoparticulate composite); G2) FL-DCR (1 mm baseof flowable composite resin and direct restorationusing nanoparticulate composite); G3) GIC-ICR(1 mm glass ionomer cement base and indirectrestoration using nanoparticulate composite GICbase); G4) FL-ICR (1 mm base of flowable compositeresin and indirect restoration using nanoparticulatecomposite). The specimens were submitted tocompressive load of 50 N on the buccal and lingualcusps, in a universal testing machine. The lingualcusp microstrain (με) measurements were executedby strain gauges. <strong>Results: </strong>The Kruskal-Wallis (5%)test was used and showed there were no significantdifferences among the microstrain values for the fourstudy groups (G1 = 1250; G2 = 1075; G3 = 1279;G4 = 937). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>It could be concluded thatthe restorative techniques and the bases employeddid not show any influences in cuspal deflection.</p><p>Keywords<br />Base materials; Cuspal defection; Composite resin; Direct restoration; Indirect restoration.</p>

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Demirel, G., IH Baltacioglu, ME Kolsuz, M. Ocak, B. Bilecenoglu, and K. Orhan. "Volumetric Cuspal Deflection of Premolars Restored With Different Paste-like Bulk-fill Resin Composites Evaluated by Microcomputed Tomography." Operative Dentistry 45, no. 2 (2020): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/19-019-l.

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SUMMARY Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the volumetric cuspal deflection of premolars restored with different paste-like bulk-fill resin composites using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Methods and Materials: A total of 35 freshly extracted human maxillary second premolars were selected for this study. Standardized large MOD cavities were prepared in each premolar with a bucco-lingual width of 4 mm and a cavity depth of 4 mm measured from the palatal cusp tip. After cavity preparation, all samples were scanned immediately using a micro-CT system. After the initial micro-CT scanning, restorative procedures were performed. Four groups received different paste-like bulk-fill composites—Beautifil-Bulk Restorative (BBR), Admira Fusion x-tra (AFX), x-tra fill, and Sonic Fill—and the control group received a conventional universal composite and Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME). Immediately after the restorative procedure, each tooth was scanned by micro-CT in the same manner as the initial scanning. The buccal and palatal regions of each restoration were evaluated separately in terms of cuspal deflection. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the effect of the composite resin, and multiple comparisons were performed by the Tukey test with a level of significance of α = 0.05. Results and Discussion: Multiple comparisons showed that teeth restored with the conventional paste-like composite and CME (control) had significantly different cuspal deflection from those filled with paste-like bulk-fill composites (p&lt;0.05). Among the bulk-fill composites, a significant difference was observed between BBR and AFX (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Paste-like bulk-fill resin composites had significantly lower cuspal deflection than the conventional paste-like resin composite tested.

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Lee, Soon-Young, and Sung-Ho Park. "Correlation between Linear polymerization shrinkage & tooth cuspal deflection." Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 30, no. 6 (2005): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/jkacd.2005.30.6.442.

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Schwendicke, F., M. Kern, H. Meyer-Lueckel, A. Boels, C. Doerfer, and S. Paris. "Fracture resistance and cuspal deflection of incompletely excavated teeth." Journal of Dentistry 42, no. 2 (2014): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2013.12.003.

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González-López, S., F. De Haro-Gasquet, MÁ Vílchez-Díaz, L. Ceballos, and M. Bravo. "Effect of Restorative Procedures and Occlusal Loading on Cuspal Deflection." Operative Dentistry 31, no. 1 (2006): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/04-165.

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Clinical Relevance The progressive elimination of dental tissue, especially removal of marginal ridges and dentin above the pulp chamber and application of increasing occlusal loads, were related to a higher cuspal deflection.

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Costa, Anna Karina Figueiredo, Thaty Aparecida Xavier, Tarcisio José Arruda Paes-Junior, Oswaldo Daniel Andreatta-Filho, and Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges. "Influence of Occlusal Contact Area on Cusp Deflection and Stress Distribution." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 6 (2014): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1602.

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ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of occlusal contact area for loading on the cuspal deflection and stress distribution in a first premolar restored with a high elastic modulus restorative material. Materials and methods The Rhinoceros 4.0 software was used for modeling the three-dimensional geometries of dental and periodontal structures and the inlay restoration. Thus, two different models, intact and restored teeth with three occlusal contact areas, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.75 mm2, on enamel at the occlusal surface of buccal and lingual cusps. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed with the program ANSYS (Workbench 13.0), which generated a mesh with tetrahedral elements with greater refinement in the regions of interest, and was constrained at the bases of cortical and trabecular bone in all axis and loaded with 100 N normal to each contact area. Results To analysis of maximum principal stress, the smaller occlusal contact area showed greater compressive stress in region of load application for both the intact and inlay restored tooth. However, tensile stresses at the occlusal isthmus were similar for all three tested occlusal contact areas (60 MPa). To displacement of the cusps was higher for teeth with inlay (0.46- 0.48 mm). For intact teeth, the smaller contact area showed greater displacement (0.10 mm). For teeth with inlays, the displacement of the cusps were similar in all types of occlusal area. Conclusion Cuspal displacement was higher in the restored tooth when compared to the intact tooth, but there were no significant variations even with changes in the occlusal contact area. Relevance clinical Occlusal contacts have a great influence on the positioning of teeth being able to maintain the position and stability of the mandible. Axial loads would be able to generate more uniform stress at the root presenting a greater concentration of load application in the point and the occlusal surface. Thus, is necessary to analyze the relationship between these occlusal contacts as dental wear and subsequent occlusal interferences. How to cite this article Costa AKF, Xavier TA, Paes-Junior TJA, Andreatta-Filho OD, Borges ALS. Influence of Occlusal Contact Area on Cusp Deflection and Stress Distribution. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):699-704.

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Park, Jun-Gyu, Bum-Soon Lim, and In-Bog Lee. "Cuspal deflection in class V cavities restored with composite resins." Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 33, no. 2 (2008): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/jkacd.2008.33.2.083.

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Mossa, Hossam, Essam Elkhatat, and Labib Labib. "Hygroscopic Expansion Influence on Cuspal Deflection of Tooth Composite Restoration." Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 4 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2017/38834.

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23

Behery, Haytham, Omar El-Mowafy, Wafa El-Badrawy, Belal Saleh, and Sameh Nabih. "Cuspal Deflection of Premolars Restored with Bulk-Fill Composite Resins." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 28, no. 2 (2016): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12188.

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24

Martin, N., N. M. Jedynakiewicz, and D. F. Williams. "Cuspal deflection during polymerisation of composite lutes of ceramic inlays." Journal of Dentistry 27, no. 1 (1999): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-5712(98)00028-1.

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25

Boaro, L. C. C., N. R. Froes-Salgado, V. E. S. Gajewski, et al. "Polymerization stress and cuspal deflection of low-shrinkage commercial composites." Dental Materials 27 (January 2011): e26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.462.

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26

Santis, Roberto De, Vincenzo Lodato, Vito Gallicchio, et al. "Cuspal Deflection and Temperature Rise of MOD Cavities Restored through the Bulk-Fill and Incremental Layering Techniques Using Flowable and Packable Bulk-Fill Composites." Materials 13, no. 24 (2020): 5664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245664.

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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate cuspal deflection caused by material shrinkage and temperature rise occurring in the pulp chamber during photopolymerization. The aim of this study was also to investigate the effect of flowable and packable bulk-fill composites on cuspal deflection occurring in mesio-occlusal–distal (MOD) cavities restored through the bulk-fill or through the incremental layering technique. Additionally, mechanical and thermal properties of bulk-fill composites were considered. Methods: Two bulk-fill composites (high-viscosity and low-viscosity), largely differing in material composition, were used. These composites were characterized through linear shrinkage and compressive test. Cuspal deformation during restoration of mesio-occlusal–distal cavities of human premolars was evaluated using both the bulk-fill and the incremental layering techniques. Temperature rise was measured through thermocouples placed 1 mm below the cavity floor. Results: Shrinkage of the flowable composite was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of packable composite, while mechanical properties were significantly lower (p < 0.05). For cusp distance variation, no significant difference was observed in cavities restored through both restorative techniques, while temperature rise values spanned from 8.2 °C to 11.9 °C. Conclusions: No significant difference in cusp deflection between the two composites was observed according to both the restorative techniques. This result can be ascribed to the Young’s modulus suggesting that the packable composite is stiffer, while the flowable composite is more compliant, thus balancing the cusp distance variation. The light curing modality of 1000 mW/cm2 for 20 s can be considered thermally safe for the pulp chamber.

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LEE, Chang-Ha, and In-Bog LEE. "Effects of cuspal compliance and radiant emittance of LED light on the cuspal deflection of replicated tooth cavity." Dental Materials Journal 40, no. 3 (2021): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2020-292.

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28

Pantvisai, Piyanee, and Harold H. Messer. "Cuspal deflection in molars in relation to endodontic and restorative procedures." Journal of Endodontics 21, no. 2 (1995): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(06)81095-2.

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Andreasi Bassi, M. "POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE AND SPHERICAL GLASS MEGA FILLERS: EFFECTS ON CUSPAL DEFLECTION." Oral & Implantology 9, Suppl. 1 (2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/orl/2016.9.1s.071.

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30

Novta, Evgenije, Tijana Lainovic, Dusan Grujic, Dejan Pantelic, and Larisa Blazic. "Cuspal deflection caused by dental composite polymerization shrinkage analyzed by digital holography." Vojnosanitetski pregled, no. 00 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp210603081n.

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Background/Aim. The objective of this study was to measure tooth cusps deflection caused by polymerization shrinkage of a resin-based dental material (RDM), in real-time using digital holographic interferometry (DHI), in two groups of cavities restored with and without an additional wall. Simultaneously, internal tooth mechanical behavior was monitored. Methods. Standardized three class I cavities were prepared on third molar teeth. The teeth were cut in two halves in the longitudinal plane, obtaining six samples for the study (now with class II cavities), divided into two groups (group G1 - with the additional wall, group G2 - without it) and mounted in aluminum blocks. The cavities were filled with the RDM, cured with a light emitting diode (LED) for 40 s from the occlusal direction, and monitored during the curing and post-curing period using DHI. Data were analyzed using student's t-test for independent samples and Anderson-Darling test, with an alpha level of 0.05. Results. At the end of the examined period, the samples from group G1 showed significantly increased tooth cusps deflection (t (10) = 4.7; p = 0.001) compared to samples from group G2. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the presence of the additional wall simulating a dental matrix-band, influenced increased and prolonged tooth cusps deflection during the examined RDM polymerization shrinkage.

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Aregawi, Wondwosen A., and Alex S. L. Fok. "Shrinkage stress and cuspal deflection in MOD restorations: analytical solutions and design guidelines." Dental Materials 37, no. 5 (2021): 783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.003.

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32

Yarmohamadi, Ebrahim, Pegah R. Jahromi, and Mahdi Akbarzadeh. "Comparison of Cuspal Deflection and Microleakage of Premolar Teeth restored with Three Restorative Materials." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 19, no. 6 (2018): 684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2320.

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33

Elmarakby, Ahmed, and Labib Labib. "Influence of Hygroscopic expansion on cuspal deflection of tooth composite restoration (an in vitro study)." Egyptian Dental Journal 64, no. 3 (2018): 2469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2018.76826.

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34

Taha, Nessrin A., Joseph E. A. Palamara, and Harold H. Messer. "Cuspal deflection, strain and microleakage of endodontically treated premolar teeth restored with direct resin composites." Journal of Dentistry 37, no. 9 (2009): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.027.

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35

Kearns, Jennifer O., John G. Barry, and Garry J. P. Fleming. "Cuspal deflection and cervical microleakage scores to determine the adhesive potential of universal bonding systems." Journal of Dentistry 42, no. 8 (2014): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.05.013.

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Güler, Eda, and Emel Karaman. "Cuspal deflection and microleakage in pre molar teeth restored with bulk-fill resin-based composites." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 28, no. 20 (2014): 2089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2014.945233.

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37

Tsujimoto, Akimasa, Yuko Nagura, Wayne W. Barkmeier, et al. "Simulated cuspal deflection and flexural properties of high viscosity bulk-fill and conventional resin composites." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 87 (November 2018): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.013.

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Baroudi, Kusai, LabibMohamed Labib, and SamehMahmoud Nabih. "Evaluation of cuspal deflection in premolar teeth restored with low shrinkable resin composite (in vitro study)." Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 5, no. 6 (2015): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.167725.

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39

Kim, Min Kyung, Sung Ho Park, Deog Gyu Seo, Yun Jung Song, Yoon Lee, and Chan Young Lee. "Effect of intermittent polymerization on the rate of polymerization shrinkage and cuspal deflection in composite resin." Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 33, no. 4 (2008): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/jkacd.2008.33.4.341.

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PALIN, W., G. FLEMING, H. NATHWANI, F. TREVORBURKE, and R. RANDALL. "In vitro cuspal deflection and microleakage of maxillary premolars restored with novel low-shrink dental composites." Dental Materials 21, no. 4 (2005): 324–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2004.05.005.

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Sultan, Ahmed, Advan Moorthy, and Garry J. P. Fleming. "The adhesive potential of dentin bonding systems assessed using cuspal deflection measurements and cervical microleakage scores." Dental Materials 30, no. 10 (2014): 1154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.005.

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42

Noaman, Khaled Mohamed, Ibrahim El Dessoky Mostafa, and Mohamed Ahmed Ali Basha. "Effect of Fiber Insertion on Cuspal Deflection and Microleakage of Resin Composite: An In Vitro Study." Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 78, no. 1 (2020): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejhm.2020.68942.

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Moorthy, A., C. H. Hogg, A. H. Dowling, B. F. Grufferty, A. R. Benetti, and G. J. P. Fleming. "Cuspal deflection and microleakage in premolar teeth restored with bulk-fill flowable resin-based composite base materials." Journal of Dentistry 40, no. 6 (2012): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2012.02.015.

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44

El-Helali, Ruaa, Adam H. Dowling, Emma Louise McGinley, Henry F. Duncan, and Garry J. P. Fleming. "Influence of resin-based composite restoration technique and endodontic access on cuspal deflection and cervical microleakage scores." Journal of Dentistry 41, no. 3 (2013): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2012.11.002.

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E., Jamil W. "The Effect of Different Composite Resins Filler Loading Using Incremental and Bulk Packing Techniques on Cuspal Deflection." Ain Shams Dental Journal 18, no. 1 (2015): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0032628.

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Dall Agnol, Rhuy Jacob Cezarotto, Paula Cristine Ghiggi, Maria Paula Gandolfi Paranhos, Gilberto Antonio Borges, Luiz Henrique Burnett Júnior, and Ana Maria Spohr. "Influence of resin cements on cuspal deflection and fracture load of endodontically-treated teeth restored with composite inlays." Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 71, no. 3-4 (2012): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2012.715187.

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Toz, Tuğba, Safa Tuncer, Funda Öztürk Bozkurt, Aysun Kara Tuncer, and Harika Gözükara Bağ. "The effect of bulk-fill flowable composites on the fracture resistance and cuspal deflection of endodontically treated premolars." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 29, no. 15 (2015): 1581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2015.1037381.

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48

Bayoumi, Ahmed, Maha Niazy, and Randa Hafez. "The Effect of Liner Placement under Bulk-Fill Resin Composite Restorations on Cuspal Deflection in Maxillary Premolar Teeth." Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls 8, no. 1 (2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/adjg.2020.35680.1276.

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Salem, Haidy N., Sherif H. Elhefnawy, and Lamiaa M. Moharam. "Effect of different restoration techniques and cavity designs on cuspal deflection of posterior teeth restored with resin composite inlays." Future Dental Journal 4, no. 2 (2018): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fdj.2018.09.004.

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Cara, R. R., G. J. P. Fleming, W. M. Palin, A. D. Walmsley, and F. J. T. Burke. "Cuspal deflection and microleakage in premolar teeth restored with resin-based composites with and without an intermediary flowable layer." Journal of Dentistry 35, no. 6 (2007): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2007.01.005.

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