Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Custodial sentence'

The terms “anti-juridicity” and “custodial sentences” are widely used in the legal world. In this article, the author encourages to question both terms, analyzing if they are coherent with, precisely, what is understood as Law. First, the author wonders if it is correct to talk about “antijuridicity”, taking into account the subject of Law, the ways in which Law is manifested, and the relation between juridicity and Law.Further on, the author analyses if it is correct to talk about a “custodial sentence”, considering the relation between liberty and the human being. All through the article, the author also recounts how the ideas in Law have evolved through recenthistory.<br>Los términos “antijuridicidad” y “pena privativa de la libertad” son bastante utilizados en el medio legal. El autor del presente artículo invita a cuestionar ambos términos, analizando si son coherentes con, precisamente, lo que se entiende como Derecho. Así, en primer lugar se plantea si es correcto hablar de “antijuridicidad”, teniendo en cuenta el objeto del Derecho, las formas en que se manifiesta el Derecho y la relación entre este y la juridicidad. Asimismo, analiza si es correcto hablar de una “pena privativa de la libertad”, teniendo en cuenta la relación entre ser humano y libertad. Todo ello lo realiza mientras hace un recuento de cómo se ha producido la evolución del pensamiento en el Derecho a lo largo de la historia reciente

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a importância da Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade como modalidade de Pena Alternativa e seus benefícios, tanto para os apenados como para a comunidade e a sociedade. Para tanto, iniciamos a discussão traçando um quadro sócio-histórico dos tipos de penalidades desde a Antiguidade até os dias atuais mostrando suas reais funções políticas e econômicas nas mais diversas sociedades. Seguimos analisando as Penas e Medidas Alternativas apresentando seu processo de implantação nas leis brasileiras e a diferenciação entre as duas expressões. Apresentamos como são aplicadas as Penas e Medidas Alternativas e como se deu o processo de instalação da Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade na Central de Penas e Medidas Alternativas da comarca de Duque de Caxias, local onde foi realizada a pesquisa de campo. Assim, constituem-se como elementos norteadores da pesquisa os limites e as possibilidades relacionados ao cumprimento e a efetivação da Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade, assim como são analisadas as instituições parceiras que participam diretamente da realização dessa modalidade de pena. Por fim, analisamos a contribuição do Serviço Social na Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade, apresentando o processo histórico de sua inserção no Sistema Judiciário, e procuramos analisar como essas penas são monitoradas no dia-a-dia e qual a postura do Serviço Social frente a essa temática.<br>This dissertation aims to analyze the importance of the Community Service Penalty as a form of Alternative Penalty and its benefits, as for inmates as the community and society. For this, we started the discussion by drawing a picture of social and historical types of penalties since the ancient history until the present day, showing their actual political and economic functions in diverse societies. We analyze the Sentencing Alternative Measures showing its implementation process in Brazilian laws and the distinction between the two expressions. We present how the Sentencing Alternative Measures are applied and how was the installation of the Community Service Penalty on the Sentencing and Alternative Measures Centre in the town of Duque de Caxias, where the field research was conducted. Therefore, the guiding elements of the research are the limitations and the possibilities related to the accomplishment and the effectiveness of the Community Services Penalty, as well as the analysis of the partner institutions that participated directly in the realization of this type of penalty. Finally, we analyze the contribution of Social Service over the Community Service Penalty, presenting the historical process of their integration into the Judicial System, how these sentences are monitored daily, and what is the attitude of the Social Service about this theme.

nÃo hÃ<br>This paper will address a study on public policies in the rehabilitation of egress, when faced with the prison system and the advent of revolutionary ParnaÃba of Law No. 9099/95, the application of non-custodial sentence of freedom and compensation for damage caused by the violation. It is known that the current access to justice, although it is a fundamental right has been denied to the poorest countries, which goes against the recommendations of a synchronized action with other institutional mechanisms and also established the less privileged communities in a direct action on the effective the scene, seeking to solve delicate occurrences that normally never reach the level of a judicial pendenga. The omission of the powers that be, is the high cost of legal proceedings, whether by sluggishness in dealing with and is made by several corruption cases, from criminal prosecution to the decree is made absolute, show a distressing reality in the meeting of egress and justice in the forums and in the courts. In this chaotic context arise Special Courts Civil and Criminal providing the speed and economy of procedure as desired, with minimal cost, considering the principles which govern and avoiding the use of imprisonment on convictions and resulting savings to the U.S. $ 1300.00 per month for each prisoner not taken the prison system. This means less bureaucracy and redemption of the judiciary as a whole, face their ills procedural archaic.<br>Este trabalho irà tratar de um estudo sobre as polÃticas pÃblicas na ressocializaÃÃo do egresso, diante da realidade do Sistema Prisional de ParnaÃba e o advento revolucionÃrio da Lei n 9.099/95, na aplicaÃÃo de pena nÃo privativa de liberdade e a reparaÃÃo dos danos causados pela infraÃÃo. à sabido que o atual acesso à justiÃa, embora seja um direito fundamental, vem sendo negado aos mais carentes, o que vai de encontro Ãs recomendaÃÃes de uma aÃÃo sincronizada com outros mecanismos institucionais e tambÃm estabelecidos das comunidades menos privilegiadas, numa efetiva aÃÃo direta no local dos fatos, buscando solucionar ocorrÃncias melindrosas que normalmente jamais alcanÃariam o patamar de uma pendenga judicial. A omissÃo dos poderes constituÃdos, seja pelos altos custos de um processo judicial, seja pela morosidade na tramitaÃÃo dos feitos e seja pelos inÃmeros casos de corrupÃÃo, desde a persecuÃÃo penal atà a sentenÃa transitar em julgado, mostram uma realidade constrangedora no encontro do egresso e da justiÃa nos fÃruns e nos tribunais. Nesse contexto caÃtico, surgem os Juizados Especiais CÃveis e Criminais, proporcionando a celeridade e a economia processual tÃo almejada, com custo mÃnimo, tendo em vista os princÃpios que lhe regem e evitando a aplicaÃÃo de pena privativa de liberdade nas condenaÃÃes e provocando uma economia ao Estado de R$ 1.300,00 por mÃs para cada preso nÃo recolhido ao sistema prisional. Isso significa a desburocratizaÃÃo e a redenÃÃo do JudiciÃrio como um todo, frente suas mazelas procedimentais arcaicas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yashmin Crispim Baiocchi de Paula e Toledo.pdf: 737877 bytes, checksum: c2b6da727cd7314501330cf1d94c95b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-10<br>The Public Attorneys was created as an institution to defend the interests of sovereign will and to promote the penal prosecution. In Brazil, the Federal Constitution of 1988 conferred a new profile to the institution, by prioritizing the defense of basic human rights. The prison sentence, in turn; also appeared as an instrument of enforcing the sovereign will, directed toward transgressors of the law. Over time, it was molded and shaped according to political, economical and social changes. In the international scene, the penitentiary rights gained distinction in 1955, when the United Nations Congress elaborated the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. Since then, the humanitarian and social idealism has made its way into the national and international legislation. The Law of Criminal Execution, Law N. 7,210/84, prior to the constitutional text, did not foresee the action of the Public Attorneys in defending the basic human rights of the prisoners. In this context, this paper proposes to investigate the performance of the Brazilian Public Attorneys through the following and inspection of the prison sentence, with the intention of verifying that it is in agreement with its new character, according to the Federal Constitution of 1988, of defending and keeping the legal order, the democratic system and the basic human rights, or if the institution continues to be engaged in the role of "relentless accuser" and in this sense is contributing to the chaos of the penitentiary system. The theoretical postulates will be centered on authors pertaining to the issue, such as: ALBERGARIA (1992); ANDRADE (2002); BARBOSA (2002); BECCARIA (1996), BITENCOURT (2001); BOBBIO (2004); CANOTILHO (1998); FOUCAULT (1987/2002); FRAGOSO (1980); MAZZILLI (2005); MIRABETE (1997/1998); ROXIN (1986/2000); SHECAIRA (1995/2004), among others.<br>O Ministério Público surgiu como uma instituição incumbida de defender os interesses do soberano e promover a acusação penal. No Brasil, a Constituição Federal de 1988 conferiu novo perfil à instituição, ao priorizar a atuação em defesa dos direitos fundamentais. A pena privativa de liberdade, por sua vez; também surgiu como instrumento de imposição da vontade do soberano dirigido àquele que transgredisse a ordem dominante e, ao longo do tempo, recebeu contornos diferentes à medida que se alteravam fatores políticos, econômicos e sociais. No cenário internacional, o direito penitenciário ganhou destaque, a partir de 1955, quando a Organização das Nações Unidas elaborou as Regras Mínimas para o Tratamento de Reclusos. Desde então, o ideário humanitário e socializador passou a permear a legislação nacional e internacional. A Lei de Execução Penal, Lei n. 7.210/84, anterior ao texto constitucional, não previu a atuação do Ministério Público, como garantidor dos direitos fundamentais dos presos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho se propõe a investigar a atuação do Ministério Público brasileiro no acompanhamento e fiscalização da pena privativa de liberdade, no intuito de verificar se há consonância com a nova feição que lhe foi atribuída pela Constituição Federal de 1988, de defensor da ordem jurídica, do regime democrático e dos direitos fundamentais, ou se a instituição continua apegada à função de "acusador implacável" e nesse sentido está contribuindo para o caos do sistema penitenciário. Os postulados teóricos; estarão centrados em autores pertinentes ao tema, como: ALBERGARIA (1992); ANDRADE (2002); BARBOSA (2002); BECCARIA (1996), BITENCOURT (2001); BOBBIO (2004); CANOTILHO (1998); FOUCAULT (1987/2002); FRAGOSO (1980); MAZZILLI (2005); MIRABETE (1997/1998); ROXIN (1986/2000); SHECAIRA (1995/2004), além de outros.

L’analyse de la dignité du condamné dans l’exécution de sa peine privative de liberté suppose d’étudier d’une part les conditions dans lesquelles il exécute sa peine lorsqu’il est incarcéré au sein d’un établissement pénitentiaire, puis d’autre part celles dans lesquelles il exécute sa peine dans la phase post-carcérale. Cependant, la constatation du respect ou de la négation de la dignité du condamné repose sur l’appréciation de l’adaptation et de la proportionnalité de l’atteinte portée à ses spécificités humaines primaires et à leurs supports, à un objectif légitime d’intérêt général. Ainsi, si l’humanisation des conditions de détention permet d’assurer progressivement le respect de la dignité du condamné, sa responsabilisation et la réappropriation de sa condition humaine lui offrent les moyens de promouvoir sa dignité par la stimulation de ses potentialités humaines d’amélioration. La phase d’exécution post-carcérale de la peine privative de liberté semble connaître un mouvement inverse. En effet, si la conception et la mise en œuvre des mesures d’aménagements de peine semblaient garantir le respect et la promotion de la dignité du condamné, l’introduction « d’une éthique de conviction » de surveillance étatique du condamné dans la phase post-carcérale emporte la négation de la dignité du condamné par une atteinte à son autonomie qui s’avère totalement inadaptée à l’objectif de prévention de la récidive criminologique<br>The analysis of the convict's dignity while serving their custodial sentences implies to study the conditions in which they serve their penalties when incarcerated in a prison establishment on the one hand, then the conditions in which they carry out their sentences when out of prison on the other hand. However, if the convict's dignity is respected or negated, it depends in both cases on how the adaptation and proportionality of the infringement of their primary human features are assessed according to a legitimate public interest.As a result, if more human detention conditions allow to ensure that the convict's dignity is gradually respected, the fact that they are encouraged to bear more responsibility and are again considered human beings enables them to promote their dignity by stimulating their human potential powers of improvement. The post-detention stage (when the custodial sentence is served out of prison) seems to evince an opposite trend. As a matter of fact, if the creation and implementation of measures of sentence reduction seemed to guarantee the respect and the promotion of the convict's dignity, the introduction of a “code of conviction” of state surveillance over the convict in the post-detention stage entails a negation of the convict's dignity as their autonomy has been infringed in a way totally inadapted to the aim of preventing second-offence crime

Le choix de politique criminelle contre la récidive des majeurs a permis au législateur français de mettre en évidence deux formes de politiques pénales depuis le début de l’époque contemporaine. Si la première établie sur la sévérité des supplices a progressivement été transformée en la peine privative de liberté. La seconde mettant en évidence la peine alternative à l’emprisonnement semble recueillir aujourd’hui la majorité des acceptions dans la lutte contre la récidive. Pour se faire, le législateur français s’est tourné au cours de ces dix dernières années vers le droit canadien pour en extraire deux mesures, la peine de probation, et la justice restaurative. Mais, l’apport de ces différentes réponses pénales semble n’avoir qu’un effet mineur, dans la mesure où, ni la baisse de la récidive ni la réduction du taux d’incarcération considéré comme une cause majeure de la récidive n’aient été constatées avant la crise du Covid 19. C’est pourquoi, l’idée d’un consensus sur l’intégration de la philosophie pénale de la réhabilitation du condamné, à l’instar du droit canadien, s’impose au législateur français, souhaitant réussir l’objectif de politique criminelle relative à la baisse de la récidive. Delà, si la justice restaurative apparait comme un atout dans lutte contre la récidive, le numerus clausus peut aussi y être joint. Toutes choses auxquelles le législateur ivoirien est aussi invité à engager pour restaurer son système pénal qui en l’état, relève de pratiques qui s’apparentent encore aujourd’hui ; à un manque de clarté dans la lutte contre la récidive<br>The choice of criminal policy against the recidivism of adults has allowed the French legislator to highlight two forms of penal policy since the beginning of the contemporary era. If the first one established on the severity of the punishments has been transformed into the deprivation of liberty. The second one, highlighting the alternative punishment to imprisonment, seems to gather today the majority of acceptances in the fight against recidivism. In order to do so, the French legislator has turned to Canadian law over the last ten years to extract two measures, the probation sentence and restorative justice. However, the contribution of these different penal responses seems to have only a minor effect, insofar as neither a decrease in recidivism nor a reduction in the rate of incarceration considered a major cause of recidivism was observed before the Covid crisis.19. This is why the idea of a restorative justice system is so important. This is why the idea of a consensus on the integration of the penal philosophy of rehabilitation of the convicted person, following the example of Canadian law, is essential for the French legislator, wishing to achieve the criminal policy objective of reducing recidivism. Therefore, if restorative justice appears to be an asset in the fight against recidivism, the numerus clausus can also be added. All things to which the Ivorian legislator is also invited to commit in order to restore its penal system which, as it stands, is based on practices that are still similar to a lack of clarity in the fight against recidivism

Face au recours croissant à la prison soit au titre des peines, soit comme lieu de garde des personnes en attente de jugement, il convient de s’interroger sur les effets de l’incarcération sur la condition juridique des personnes détenues. Longtemps considérée comme étrangère au droit, la prison s’est progressivement dotée d’un corpus de règles que l’on désigne sous le vocable de droit pénitentiaire. Cette recherche vise à interroger les rapports qu’entretiennent le droit de l’institution pénitentiaire et le droit de la société libre afin de préciser les conséquences de l’incarcération sur la vie civile du détenu.De construction récente, le droit pénitentiaire s’est progressivement autonomisé, à tel point qu’il doit être considéré aujourd’hui comme une véritable branche du droit. En cela, il révèle que la prison constitue une microsociété avec ses propres logiques et son propre droit. Véritable décalque de la société civile, la prison évolue dans une orientation toujours plus intrusive dans la vie des personnes qu’elle a sous sa garde.Pourtant, la société civile semble manifester un intérêt croissant pour ses prisons. L’entrée du secteur privé dans la sphère pénitentiaire conjuguée à un contrôle accru du juge a abouti à d’importants changements du système pénitentiaire, notamment au regard du respect des droits fondamentaux du détenu. Toutefois, la réconciliation de la société carcérale et de la société civile n’apparaît possible qu’à la condition d’un alignement du droit pénitentiaire sur le droit privé<br>In recent decades, it seems important to focus on the effects of incarceration on detainees, as The Criminal Justice System increasingly resort to prison sentences, as well as pre-sentence detentions. After a tradition of lawlessness, penitentiaries have known a phase in of new policies, which are now referred to as Penitentiary law. This research addresses the impact of incarceration on detainees forced to abide by Penitentiary law, the ladder being harsher from the free world law.Thus, developing specific rules, Penitentiary law can now be considered a new type of law, with its own purposes. In the same way, penitentiaries form a micro society following its own rules.Although the trend shows increasingly harsh policies and conditions of confinement, the Criminal Justice System, as to reassure public opinion, seems more and more willing to resort to prison.However, the detainees now afford elaborate constitutional protections, due to private facility management and judicial scrutiny, and the challenge is develop these protections, as to bring Penitentiary law into the line with civil law

This article intends to analyze treatment and functions assigned to the penalty by our Peruvian Constitution and the way this legal institution is conducted at the prescribed basic penalty level (imposed by the legislator ineach type of criminal offence), the specific penalty level (imposed by the judge according to its individual characteristics in each case) and at the penitentiary enforcement level. Finally recommends some considerations for carrying out a possible legislative reform in accordance with a criminal policy plan within our constitutional framework.<br>El presente trabajo busca efectuar un análisis en torno al tratamiento y las funciones que nuestra Constitución política asigna a la pena, y la manera como dicha institución se desarrolla en nuestro país con respectoa la pena abstracta (la impuesta por el legislador en cada tipo penal), la pena concreta (la impuesta por el juez luego de una individualización en cada casoconcreto), y su ejecución en el ámbito penitenciario. Finaliza proponiendo algunas consideraciones para una eventual reforma legislativa conforme conun plan de política criminal que se encuentre dentro del marco constitucional.

Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2019<br>This mini-dissertation seeks to evaluate the best interests of the child as a separate factor that influences the sentencing of a primary caregiver. When a parent is in conflict with the law, the child stands to be affected sentence that the court may impose on the caregiver. A custodial sentence has the potential of affecting the child’s right to parental care. Therefore, in the event where a custodial sentence is appropriate, alternative care of the child by other persons become a possible option. The author recommends that after applying the principles articulated in S v M and making use of a child impact report; the right of the child to parental care should carry more weight. Thus, courts should duly consider the best interest of the child as an independent factor when negative effects to the child are associated with the sentence. Where appropriate, with either a non-custodial sentence or adequate alternative care (in the case of imprisonment).

El Expediente N° 183516-2008 versa sobre la materia de Restitución Internacional del Menor, esta se configura cuando en un primer momento, se genera un hecho de Sustracción Internacional del Menor, es decir, cuando un menor de edad, hasta los 16 años, es trasladado o retenido ilícitamente por uno de sus padres en un país distinto al de su residencia habitual. En ese sentido, con la finalidad de proteger al menor de edad, en el plano internacional, de los efectos perjudiciales que podría ocasionarle un traslado o una retención ilícita, y de establecer los procedimientos que permitan garantizar su restitución, así como de asegurar la protección del derecho de visita, es que el Perú se hace parte de la Convención de la Haya sobre los Aspectos Civiles de la Sustracción Internacional de Menores del 25 de octubre de 1980, que tiene como objeto asegurar la restitución inmediata de los niños, niñas o adolescentes, trasladados o retenidos ilícitamente en cualquiera de los países contratantes y que los derechos de custodia y de visita vigentes en dichos países sean respetados en los demás Estados contratantes, priorizando el principio rector del Interés Superior del Niño en cada proceso.<br>The file No. 183516-2008 deals with the matter of International Minor Restitution, this is configured when at first an act of International Child Abduction is generated, and that is when a minor, up to 16 years of age, is unlawfully transferred or detained by one of his parents in a different country than his habitual residence. In this sense, in order to protect the minor, at the international level, from the detrimental effects that an illegal transfer or retention could cause, and to establish the procedures that allow guaranteeing their return, as well as ensuring the protection of the access right, is that Peru becomes a member of the Hague Convention on the 1980 Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, which aims to ensure the immediate restitution of children or adolescents, transferred or detained illegally in any of the contracting countries, and that the custody and access rights applicable in these countries were respected in all the contracting states, prioritizing the guiding principle of the best interests of the child in each process.<br>Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

In this dissertation the problems surrounding the sentencing stage and factors which influence the sentence are briefly considered. The emphasis is on the use and value of a pre-sentence report in determining suitable sentences other than imprisonment. Historical background in the use of pre-sentence reports in South Africa, England and America is briefly referred to. Relevant concepts, such as individualisation of punishment, are considered in relation to possible sentences such as compensation, fines, community service, and correctional supervision. It is concluded that the provisions of sections 274 and 276A of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1 977 are not enough to regulate the use of pre-sentence reports in South Africa. It is further concluded that legislation is needed in this area, but in the meantime, our courts should work towards developing guidelines based on the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1 977.<br>Criminal & Procedural Law<br>LL.M (Law)

The aim of this diploma thesis is to approach a broad topic related to the education of individuals serving a prison sentence and their motivation for education. The work contains a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, with the help of specialized literature, I focus on crime, prisons, including prison history. The next chapter deals with prison statistics, punishments in the Czech Republic, including alternative ones. Subsequently, I focus on resocialization, education and motivation of individuals serving a prison sentence. The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with treatment programs. In it I present the activities of the program, how the program is compiled and their types of programs. In the practical part I present my hypotheses, research methods and characterize a group of respondents. I made a case study with one specific prisoner. The next step is a questionnaire survey, which was sent to prisoners. The processing of its results and hypotheses follows. The last chapter of the diploma thesis contains a conclusion and a discussion of the acquired knowledge. KEYWORDS penitentiary, education, program, custodial sentence, motivation, employment, treatment program

The Diploma thesis deals with risks that can appear while doing social work in prisons or also risks that follow from its absence. The thesis has two parts. The first part is theoretical, written from expert resources, general facts and concerned on connection of social work with penology - prison service. At the end of this part the thesis is dedicated to risks that follow from the connection. The second part is practical, concerned on a research which was done by qualitative form via questionnaire survey. The whole thesis is divided into chapters which are logically connected. The aim is to find out how the social work determines imprisonment of custodial sentence and where are the risks of doing social work. The practical part supports, confirms and extends the theoretical part.

Trend of declining crime rates in recent years, on the other hand rising recidivism raises many questions for the existing criminal justice system. High return to prison gives the impression that the purpose of a sentence of custodial sentence lose at the beginning of the third millennium its meaning. The challenge not only for the state apparatus, but the whole society is more than ever becoming reintegration of offenders, which is a predictor of risk of recidivism. The aim of this thesis is therefore description and evaluation aspects of the process of social reintegration, taking into account current possibilities to prevent reoffending. Empirical part extends the intention of re-socialization efforts charting selection of innovative programs in social work with offenders. Theoretical material consists of key concepts weighing the Criminology and Penology, which is completed at the end of work formulating recommendations for social work with offenders as a possible guide changes in the life of each individual offender.

This master's thesis "The significance of education of people during their custodial sentence with regard to the convicts of serious criminal acts in the Czech Republic" deals with education of perpetrators of serious criminal acts. The aim of this thesis is to ascertain, whether people who are imprisoned in long term can through education, which includes not only vocational education and primary education, but also the "Program of treatment" and activity of pedagogical workers, change the point of view at the sense of custodial sentence. I consider the pedagogical workers to be the people who work as special pedagogues, leisure pedagogues and educators. The theoretical part deals with functions of custodial sentence, then with the "program Treatment with convicts, education of convicts, social works at prison, and connection of social work at prison with education of convicts and there is also something about the logo therapeutic attitude of Viktor Emil Frankl. The last part of this thesis deals with analysis of eleven interviews, which were completed by convicts of serious criminal acts who are nowadays already at liberty. This part responds the aim of the thesis.

The problem of youth deviance is a concern to many people. Canadian youth justice legislation has changed dramatically in the past century; from a child-welfare approach under the Juvenile Delinquents Act (1908), to a more legalistic ‘due process’ paradigm under the Young Offenders Act (1984), to the current Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA, 2003) which promotes the rehabilitation and responsibility of young offenders. The following study examines cases to determine the manner in which a specific section of the YCJA, s. 39 (prohibitions on the use of custodial sentences) is being used in judges’ decisions, and if so, if it is being used consistently and appropriately. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were used to examine related Canadian case law. The databases LexisNexis Quicklaw and WestlawECarswell, using the search terms “YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT,” “YCJA,” and “s. 39” were used to narrow down cases in which this section of the YCJA was mentioned. This search process yielded a total of 210 cases, seventy-seven of which were appeals. The appeals were analyzed qualitatively and the other cases were analyzed quantitatively. It was found that one problem in implementing s. 39 and using it consistently in sentencing appears to be judges’ uncertainty about the appropriate use of the legislation resulting from the lack of clarity within the legislation itself. Parts of the legislation were left open for interpretation, such as the definition of a violent offence, or what was to be considered an exceptional case. It is argued in this study that for any legislation to work, it must be clearly written to reduce as much subjectivity and level interpretation as possible. While judges are often criticized for their decision-making in sentencing, they are limited by the legislation that is in place. Therefore, if there are problems in the practice of the court system, the solution lies in revamping the written law first.<br>October 2008

Text in Afrikaans<br>Gevangenis oorbevolking is ʼn probleem waarmee die Suid-Afrikaanse korrektiewe stelsel reeds vir baie jare worstel. Suid-Afrika is een van die lande met die hoogste gevangenis bevolking in die wêreld. Een van die grootste probleme wat tot die situasie bydra, is die aantal oortreders wat nie in staat is om borg te betaal nie. ʼn Ander probleem is die aantal verhoorafwagtendes wat in aanhouding is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Witskrif van die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste, is vasberade om die rehabilitering van die oortreder te bevorder. Die fokus van die studie wentel om die rehabilitasie van die oortreder en die vraag of hierdie doelwit binne die korrektiewe stelsel haalbaar is. Heelwat klem word op die noodsaaklikheid van alternatiewe vonnisse geplaas asook rehabilitasie as strafoogmerk tydens vonnisoplegging. Dit is die navorser se mening dat die korrektiewe stelsel nie die geskikste plek is vir die rehabilitering van die oortreder nie.<br>Criminology<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)