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Goncalves, Basilio A. M., David J. Saxby, Adam Kositsky, Rod S. Barrett, and Laura E. Diamond. "Reliability of hip muscle strength measured in principal and intermediate planes of movement." PeerJ 9 (June 2, 2021): e11521. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11521.
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Background Muscle strength testing is widely used in clinical and athletic populations. Commercially available dynamometers are designed to assess strength in three principal planes (sagittal, transverse, frontal). However, the anatomy of the hip suggests muscles may only be recruited submaximally during tasks performed in these principal planes. Objective To evaluate the inter-session reliability of maximal isometric hip strength in the principal planes and three intermediate planes. Methods Twenty participants (26.1 ± 2.7 years, 50% female) attended two testing sessions 6.2 ± 1.8 days apart. Participants completed 3-5 maximal voluntary isometric contractions for hip abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and internal and external rotation measured using a fixed uniaxial load cell (custom rig) and commercial dynamometer (Biodex). Three intermediate hip actions were also tested using the custom rig: extension with abduction, extension with external rotation, and extension with both abduction and external rotation. Results Moderate-to-excellent intraclass correlation coefficients were observed for all principal and intermediate muscle actions using the custom rig (0.72–0.95) and the Biodex (0.85–0.95). The minimum detectable change was also similar between devices (custom rig = 11–31%; Biodex = 9–20%). Bland-Altman analysis revealed poor agreement between devices (range between upper and lower limits of agreement = 77–131%). Conclusions Although the custom rig and Biodex showed similar reliability, both devices may lack the sensitivity to detect small changes in hip strength commonly observed following intervention.
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Farahani, Bahar, Saeed Safari, and Nader Sehatbakhsh. "PVTA-aware approximate custom instruction extension technique: A cross-layer approach." Microelectronics Reliability 63 (August 2016): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2016.05.008.
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Grübl, Andreas, Sebastian Billaudelle, Benjamin Cramer, Vitali Karasenko, and Johannes Schemmel. "Verification and Design Methods for the BrainScaleS Neuromorphic Hardware System." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 92, no. 11 (July 9, 2020): 1277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-020-01558-7.
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Abstract This paper presents verification and implementation methods that have been developed for the design of the BrainScaleS-2 65 nm ASICs. The 2nd generation BrainScaleS chips are mixed-signal devices with tight coupling between full-custom analog neuromorphic circuits and two general purpose microprocessors (PPU) with SIMD extension for on-chip learning and plasticity. Simulation methods for automated analysis and pre-tapeout calibration of the highly parameterizable analog neuron and synapse circuits and for hardware-software co-development of the digital logic and software stack are presented. Accelerated operation of neuromorphic circuits and highly-parallel digital data buses between the full-custom neuromorphic part and the PPU require custom methodologies to close the digital signal timing at the interfaces. Novel extensions to the standard digital physical implementation design flow are highlighted. We present early results from the first full-size BrainScaleS-2 ASIC containing 512 neurons and 130 K synapses, demonstrating the successful application of these methods. An application example illustrates the full functionality of the BrainScaleS-2 hybrid plasticity architecture.
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Ochi, Akira, Hiroshi Ohko, Susumu Ota, Nami Shimoichi, Tsukasa Takemoto, and Kaho Mitsuke. "Custom-made hinged knee braces with extension support can improve dynamic balance." Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness 16, no. 3 (December 2018): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2018.08.002.
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Beavis, A. "Cervical orthoses." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 13, no. 1 (April 1989): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648909079403.
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A biomechanical study is presented to compare the effectiveness of three types of off-the-shelf cervical orthoses and one custom-fit collar in restricting cervical spine motion. A group of 10 normal subjects was studied. The measurements of flexion and extension, lateral side flexion and axial rotation were recorded using various measurement techniques. Interface pressures at the chin and occiput were also measured, along with the warming effect of the collars. The results indicated that all the collars restricted neck movements, for example, the Plastazote collar by 50% of flexion and extension, and that there was no significant difference between off-the-shelf Plastazote and custom-fit collars in restricting movement. Significantly high interface pressures were recorded at the chin, with the subjects wearing the hard and Plastazote orthoses. The warming effect of the soft collar was equal to that of a wool scarf. The study was aimed at improving prescription and although the subjective observations were not validated, the subjects concluded that the custom-fit collars were more comfortable; an important point with such a high rejection rate.
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North, Chris, Nathan Conklin, Kiran Indukuri, and Varun Saini. "Visualization Schemas and a Web-Based Architecture for Custom Multiple-View Visualization of Multiple-Table Databases." Information Visualization 1, no. 3-4 (December 2002): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500020.
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Relational databases provide significant flexibility to organize, store, and manipulate an infinite variety of complex data collections. This flexibility is enabled by the concept of relational data Schemas, which allow data owners to easily design custom databases according to their unique needs. However, user interfaces and information visualizations for accessing and utilizing databases have not kept pace with this level of flexibility. Visualizations need to integrate multiple tables and diverse visualization tools into custom solutions. This paper describes advances to Snap-Together Visualization, introduces Visualization Schemas, and presents an extensible system architecture. The Snap model for custom multiple-view visualization establishes an analogy to the relational data model, enabling coordinated data design and visualization design. Visualization Schemas are a natural extension to data Schemas, and provide a user interface that enables data owners to rapidly construct and disseminate custom visualizations without programming. The web-based software architecture supports run-time extensibility, enabling end-user integration and dissemination of diverse data and visualization tools from the field.
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Gordillo-Fernández, Luis María, Mercedes Ortiz-romero, José Valero-Salas, José Luis Salcini-Macías, Salomon Benhamu-Benhamu, Raquel García-de-la-Peña, and Jose Antonio Cervera-Marin. "Effect by custom-made foot orthoses with added support under the first metatarso-phalangeal joint in hallux limitus patients: Improving on first metatarso-phalangeal joint extension." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 40, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364615584659.
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Background: Hallux limitus is one of the most common disorders affecting foot biomechanics. Custom-made foot orthoses can improve the function of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint. Objectives: The objective underlying this study was to test whether custom-made foot orthoses increased the range of mobility of metatarso-phalangeal joint in patients with hallux limitus. Study design: Randomized, double-blinded, and clinical trial. Methods: The study consisted of 20 participants (40 feet) diagnosed with hallux limitus. A control group and an experimental group both wore the same custom-made foot orthoses and, in the experimental group, a support element under the first metatarso-phalangeal joint was added to the orthoses. Two measurements were made with both groups: the relaxed position of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint and the maximum extension of the hallux. These measurements were made before first placing the foot orthoses and 6 months after application of the treatment. Results: In the experimental group, the results showed an improvement of 4.5° in the relaxed position and 22.2° in the maximum extension being statistically significant (p < 0.001) for both measurements. Conclusion: Custom-made foot orthoses with added support under the first metatarso-phalangeal joint were proved to be an effective treatment to restore functionality of this joint in hallux limitus patients. Clinical relevance Limitation of hallux movement in the joints propulsive phase of gait negatively affects the biomechanics of the lower extremity, causing changes in the rest of the joins. The use of foot orthoses designed in this study restores range of motion of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.
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Ziegler, Erik, Trinity Urban, Danny Brown, James Petts, Steve D. Pieper, Rob Lewis, Chris Hafey, and Gordon J. Harris. "Open Health Imaging Foundation Viewer: An Extensible Open-Source Framework for Building Web-Based Imaging Applications to Support Cancer Research." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 4 (September 2020): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.19.00131.
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PURPOSE Zero-footprint Web architecture enables imaging applications to be deployed on premise or in the cloud without requiring installation of custom software on the user’s computer. Benefits include decreased costs and information technology support requirements, as well as improved accessibility across sites. The Open Health Imaging Foundation (OHIF) Viewer is an extensible platform developed to leverage these benefits and address the demand for open-source Web-based imaging applications. The platform can be modified to support site-specific workflows and accommodate evolving research requirements. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OHIF Viewer provides basic image review functionality (eg, image manipulation and measurement) as well as advanced visualization (eg, multiplanar reformatting). It is written as a client-only, single-page Web application that can easily be embedded into third-party applications or hosted as a standalone Web site. The platform provides extension points for software developers to include custom tools and adapt the system for their workflows. It is standards compliant and relies on DICOMweb for data exchange and OpenID Connect for authentication, but it can be configured to use any data source or authentication flow. Additionally, the user interface components are provided in a standalone component library so that developers can create custom extensions. RESULTS The OHIF Viewer and its underlying components have been widely adopted and integrated into multiple clinical research platforms (e,g Precision Imaging Metrics, XNAT, LabCAS, ISB-CGC) and commercial applications (eg, Osirix). It has also been used to build custom imaging applications (eg, ProstateCancer.ai, Crowds Cure Cancer [presented as a case study]). CONCLUSION The OHIF Viewer provides a flexible framework for building applications to support imaging research. Its adoption could reduce redundancies in software development for National Cancer Institute–funded projects, including Informatics Technology for Cancer Research and the Quantitative Imaging Network.
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Li, Chen, Changqin Ding, Minghe Li, Jiayue Rong, Hilary Florian, and Garth Simpson. "Depth-of-field extension in optical imaging for rapid crystal screening." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 77, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798321000097.
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The depth of field (DoF) was extended 2.8-fold to achieve rapid crystal screening by retrofitting a custom-designed micro-retarder array (µRA) in the optical beam path of a nonlinear optical microscope. The merits of the proposed strategy for DoF enhancement were assessed in applications of second-harmonic generation imaging of protein crystals. It was found that DoF extension increased the number of crystals detected while simultaneously reducing the number of `z-slices' required for screening. Experimental measurements of the wavelength-dependence of the extended DoF were in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. These results provide a simple and broadly applicable approach to increase the throughput of existing nonlinear optical imaging methods for protein crystal screening.
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Duzdevich, Daniel, Christopher E. Carr, and Jack W. Szostak. "Deep sequencing of non-enzymatic RNA primer extension." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 12 (May 19, 2020): e70-e70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa400.
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Abstract Life emerging in an RNA world is expected to propagate RNA as hereditary information, requiring some form of primitive replication without enzymes. Non-enzymatic template-directed RNA primer extension is a model of the copying step in this posited form of replication. The sequence space accessed by primer extension dictates potential pathways to self-replication and, eventually, ribozymes. Which sequences can be accessed? What is the fidelity of the reaction? Does the recently illuminated mechanism of primer extension affect the distribution of sequences that can be copied? How do sequence features respond to experimental conditions and prebiotically relevant contexts? To help answer these and related questions, we here introduce a deep-sequencing methodology for studying RNA primer extension. We have designed and vetted special RNA constructs for this purpose, honed a protocol for sample preparation and developed custom software that analyzes sequencing data. We apply this new methodology to proof-of-concept controls, and demonstrate that it works as expected and reports on key features of the sequences accessed by primer extension.
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MAJZOUB, S., and H. DIAB. "INSTRUCTION-SET EXTENSION FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS ON RECONFIGURABLE PLATFORM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 16, no. 06 (December 2007): 911–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126607004076.
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Reconfigurable Systems represent a middle trade-off between speed and flexibility in the processor design world. It provides performance close to the custom-hardware and yet preserves some of the general-purpose processor flexibility. Recently, the area of reconfigurable computing has received considerable interest in both its forms: the FPGA and coarse-grain hardware. Since the field is still in its developing stage, it is important to perform hardware analysis and evaluation of certain key applications on target reconfigurable architectures to identify potential limitations and improvements. This paper presents the mapping and performance analysis of two encryption algorithms, namely Rijndael and Twofish, on a coarse grain reconfigurable platform, namely MorphoSys. MorphoSys is a reconfigurable architecture targeted for multimedia applications. Since many cryptographic algorithms involve bitwise operations, bitwise instruction set extension was proposed to enhance the performance. We present the details of the mapping of the bitwise operations involved in the algorithms with thorough analysis. The methodology we used can be utilized in other systems.
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Rueckl, Kilian, and Friedrich Boettner. "Access to the Ischium: A Simple Extension of the Posterior Approach in Revision Hip Arthroplasty." Journal of Hip Surgery 02, no. 01 (March 2018): 054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1646938.
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AbstractReconstruction of acetabular defects in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) requires excellent exposure. Most extensile approaches to the acetabulum were described in the trauma literature and are not beneficial for revision THA. This article describes a modification of the standard posterior surgical approach to improve visualization of the ischium as required for acetabular defect reconstruction, insertion of standard and custom triflange cages as well as posterior column plating. The current surgical technique utilizes an intermuscular plane between the gemellus inferior muscle and the obturator externus muscle. This intermuscular plane leads the surgeon directly to the ischium and facilitates easy extension toward the insertion of the hamstring muscles without compromising the insertion of the external rotator muscles along the ischium. This article describes a novel surgical approach to the posterior column and ischium under special consideration of the sciatic nerve, superior gluteal vessels, and medial femoral circumflex artery. This simple extension of the standard posterior approach optimizes exposure of the posterior column during revision THA using a posterior approach.
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Hildebrand, Kevin A., Michael Holmberg, and Nigel Shrive. "A New Method to Measure Post-Traumatic Joint Contractures in the Rabbit Knee." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1634285.
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A new device and method to measure rabbit knee joint angles are described. The method was used to measure rabbit knee joint angles in normal specimens and in knee joints with obvious contractures. The custom-designed and manufactured gripping device has two clamps. The femoral clamp sits on a pinion gear that is driven by a rack attached to a materials testing system. A 100 N load cell in series with the rack gives force feedback. The tibial clamp is attached to a rotatory potentiometer. The system allows the knee joint multiple degrees-of-freedom (DOF). There are two independent DOF (compression-distraction and internal-external rotation) and two coupled motions (medial-lateral translation coupled with varus-valgus rotation; anterior-posterior translation coupled with flexion-extension rotation). Knee joint extension-flexion motion is measured, which is a combination of the materials testing system displacement (converted to degrees of motion) and the potentiometer values (calibrated to degrees). Internal frictional forces were determined to be at maximum 2% of measured loading. Two separate experiments were performed to evaluate rabbit knees. First, normal right and left pairs of knees from four New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were subjected to cyclic loading. An extension torque of 0.2 Nm was applied to each knee. The average change in knee joint extension from the first to the fifth cycle was 1.9deg±1.5degmean±sd with a total of 49 tests of these eight knees. The maximum extension of the four left knees (tested 23 times) was 14.6deg±7.1deg, and of the four right knees (tested 26 times) was 12.0deg±10.9deg. There was no significant difference in the maximum extension between normal left and right knees. In the second experiment, nine skeletally mature NZW rabbits had stable fractures of the femoral condyles of the right knee that were immobilized for five, six or 10 weeks. The left knee served as an unoperated control. Loss of knee joint extension (flexion contracture) was demonstrated for the experimental knees using the new methodology where the maximum extension was 35deg±9deg, compared to the unoperated knee maximum extension of 11deg±7deg, 10 or 12 weeks after the immobilization was discontinued. The custom gripping device coupled to a materials testing machine will serve as a measurement test for future studies characterizing a rabbit knee model of post-traumatic joint contractures.
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Burdea, Grigore, Nam Kim, Kevin Polistico, Ashwin Kadaru, Doru Roll, and Namrata Grampurohit. "Novel integrative rehabilitation system for the upper extremity: Design and usability evaluation." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 8 (January 2021): 205566832110128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20556683211012885.
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Purpose Design and test the usability of a novel virtual rehabilitation system for bimanual training of gravity supported arms, pronation/supination, grasp strengthening, and finger extension. Methods A robotic rehabilitation table, therapeutic game controllers, and adaptive rehabilitation games were developed. The rehabilitation table lifted/lowered and tilted up/down to modulate gravity loading. Arms movement was measured simultaneously, allowing bilateral training. Therapeutic games adapted through a baseline process. Four healthy adults performed four usability evaluation sessions each, and provided feedback using the USE questionnaire and custom questions. Participant’s game play performance was sampled and analyzed, and system modifications made between sessions. Results Participants played four sessions of about 50 minutes each, with training difficulty gradually increasing. Participants averaged a total of 6,300 arm repetitions, 2,200 grasp counts, and 2,100 finger extensions when adding counts for each upper extremity. USE questionnaire data averaged 5.1/7 rating, indicative of usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction with the system. Subjective feedback on the custom evaluation form was 84% favorable. Conclusions The novel system was well-accepted, induced high repetition counts, and the usability study helped optimize it and achieve satisfaction. Future studies include examining effectiveness of the novel system when training patients acute post-stroke.
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Hayes, Galina M., Elena A. Demeter, Eunju Choi, and Michelle Oblak. "Single-Stage Craniectomy and Cranioplasty for Multilobular Osteochondrosarcoma Managed with a Custom Additive Manufactured Titanium Plate in a Dog." Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2019 (December 2, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6383591.
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A 9-year-old spayed female dachshund presented with a large multilobular osteochondrosarcoma of the crania, with obliteration of approximately 70% of the surface area of the dorsal calvaria and intracranial extension. The mass was excised with histologically clean lateral bone margins (2–4 mm) and invasion at the deep margin. The resulting defect was reconstructed with a custom titanium plate. The patient recovered routinely and was asymptomatic until 7 months postoperatively. The patient developed intractable seizures 7 months postoperatively and was euthanized. Post-mortem examination showed tumor regrowth within the brain parenchyma. No abnormalities were seen associated with the plate. The patient-specific, custom additive manufactured titanium plate provided an excellent option for anatomic reconstruction and protection of the brain over a relatively large area with no complications noted.
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Wu, Ming, and Brian D. Schmit. "Spastic Reflexes Triggered by Ankle Load Release in Human Spinal Cord Injury." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 6 (December 2006): 2941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00186.2006.
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The rapid decrease in firing of load-sensitive group Ib muscle afferents during unloading may be particularly important in triggering the swing phase of gait. However, it still remains unclear whether load-sensitive muscle afferents modulate reflex activity in human spinal cord injury (SCI), as suggested by studies in the cat. The right hip of 12 individuals with chronic SCI was subjected to ramp (60°/s) and hold (10 s) movements over a range from 40° flexion to 0–10°extension using a custom servomotor system. An ankle dorsiflexion load was imposed and released after the hip reached a targeted position using a custom-designed pneumatic motor system. Isometric joint torques of the hip and knee, reaction torque of the ankle, and surface electromyograms (EMGs) from eight muscles of the leg were recorded following the imposed hip movement and ankle load release. Reflexes, characterized by hip flexion torque, knee extension, and coactivation of ankle flexors and extensors, were triggered by ankle load release when the hip was in an extended position. The ankle load release was observed to enhance the reflexes triggered by hip extension itself, suggesting that ankle load afferents play an important role in spastic reflexes in human SCI and that the reflex pathways associated with ankle load afferents have important implications in the spinal reflex regulation of human movement. Such muscle behaviors emphasize the role of ankle load afferents and hip proprioceptors on locomotion. This knowledge may be especially helpful in the treatment of spasms and in identifying rehabilitation strategies for producing functional movements in human SCI.
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Lin, Hai, and Yunsi Fei. "Resource Sharing of Pipelined Custom Hardware Extension for Energy-Efficient Application-Specific Instruction Set Processor Design." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 17, no. 4 (October 2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2348839.2348843.
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Assawakawintip, Thanate, Rochaya Chintavalakorn, Peerapong Santiwong, and Anak Khantachawana. "Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Custom-Made NiTi Closed Coil Springs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 897 (April 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.897.35.
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To investigate the effects of different temperatures for heat treatment of custom-made NiTi closed coil springs. NiTi closed coil springs (50.8% Ni-49.2%Ti) were manually fabricated around a 0.9mm diameter mandrel and heat treated at temperatures of 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C for 20 minutes. The outer diameter of each specimen was measured to determine the effect of heat treatment temperature on spring geometry. Tensile tests were carried out to measure the force levels at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm of spring extension. Non-parametric statistical analyses were done to assess and compare the effects of different temperatures of heat treatment on the custom-made orthodontic closed coil springs. Heat treatment at lower temperatures produced larger outer coil diameters than at higher temperatures. Raising the temperature of heat treatment produced significant increases in force levels by 13-18 g especially between 400°C and 500°C at spring extensions of 3, 6 and 9 mm. The highest superelastic ratio of 5.44 was found in the NiTi coil springs that were heat treatment at 500°C for 20 minutes which signifies superelastic tendencies. The mechanical properties of NiTi closed coil springs are influenced by the temperature of heat treatment. The NiTi closed coil springs that were heat treated at 500°C for 20 minutes produce appropriate force levels to display a superelastic tendency for orthodontic use.
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Shi, Hui, Dazhi Chong, and Gongjun Yan. "Evaluating an optimized backward chaining ontology reasoning system with innovative custom rules." Information Discovery and Delivery 46, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/idd-10-2017-0070.
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Purpose Semantic Web is an extension of the World Wide Web by tagging content with “meaning”. In general, question answering systems based on semantic Web face a number of difficult issues. This paper aims to design an experimental environment with custom rules and scalable data sets and evaluate the performance of a proposed optimized backward chaining ontology reasoning system. This study also compares the experimental results with other ontology reasoning systems to show the performance and scalability of this ontology reasoning system. Design/methodology/approach The authors proposed a semantic question answering system. This system has been built using ontological knowledge base including optimized backward chaining ontology reasoning system and custom rules. With custom rules, the proposed semantic question answering system will be able to answer questions that contain qualitative descriptors such as “groundbreaking” resesarch and “tenurable at university x”. Scalability has been one of the difficult issues faced by an optimized backward chaining ontology reasoning system and semantic question answering system. To evaluate the proposed ontology reasoning system, first, the authors design a number of innovative custom rule sets and corresponding query sets. The innovative custom rule sets and query sets will contribute to the future research on evaluating ontology reasoning systems as well. Then they design an experimental environment including ontologies and scalable data sets and metrics. Furthermore, they evaluate the performance of the proposed optimized backward chaining reasoning system on supporting custom rules. The evaluation results have been compared with other ontology reasoning systems as well. Findings The proposed innovative custom rules and query sets can be effectively employed for evaluating ontology reasoning systems. The evaluation results show that the scalability of the proposed backward chaining ontology reasoning system is better than in-memory reasoning systems. The proposed semantic question answering system can be integrated in sematic Web applications to solve scalability issues. For light weight applications, such as mobile applications, in-memory reasoning systems will be a better choice. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need for a study on evaluating an ontology reasoning system on supporting custom rules with and without external storage.
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Mlakar, Maja, Nerrolyn Ramstrand, Helena Burger, and Gaj Vidmar. "Effect of custom-made and prefabricated orthoses on grip strength in persons with carpal tunnel syndrome." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 3 (June 24, 2013): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613490440.
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Background: Based on the literature, patients with carpal tunnel syndrome are suggested to wear a custom-made wrist orthosis immobilizing the wrist in a neutral position. Many prefabricated orthoses are available on the market, but the majority of those do not assure neutral wrist position. Objectives: We hypothesized that the use of orthosis affects grip strength in persons with carpal tunnel syndrome in a way that supports preference for custom-made orthoses with neutral wrist position over prefabricated orthoses. Study design: Experimental. Methods: Comparisons of grip strength for three types of grips (cylindrical, lateral, and pinch) were made across orthosis types (custom-made, prefabricated with wrist in 20° of flexion, and none) on the affected side immediately after fitting, as well as between affected side without orthosis and nonaffected side. Results: Orthosis type did not significantly affect grip strength ( p = 0.661). Cylindrical grip was by far the strongest, followed by lateral and pinch grips ( p < 0.050). The grips of the affected side were weaker than those of the nonaffected side ( p = 0.002). Conclusions: In persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, neither prefabricated orthoses with 20° wrist extension nor custom-made wrist orthoses with neutral wrist position influenced grip strength of the affected hand. Compared to the nonaffected side, the grips of the affected side were weaker. Clinical relevance The findings from this study can be used to guide application of orthoses to patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
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KHADIAGALA, LYNN. "NEGOTIATING LAW AND CUSTOM: JUDICIAL DOCTRINE AND WOMEN'S PROPERTY RIGHTS IN UGANDA." Journal of African Law 46, no. 1 (April 2002): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s022185530200175x.
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Since the promulgation of Uganda's new constitution in 1995, the Law Reform Comission (LRC) has had the task of revising statutory laws to conform to the new constitution. One focal point has been the drafting of a Domestic Relations Bill. The bill proposes significant changes in women's legal status within the institutions of marriage and succession. Under the new statute, for example, women would gain joint marital property rights over any assets acquired during the course of marriage. Women could use the law to challenge husbands who seek to sell property or shift assets among their wives. The bill also proposes that when a married person dies intestate, the suviving spouse(s) should be appointed administrator to the estate, unless the courts have good reason not to do so. This should facilitate widows who seek to protect their assets from relatives who perceive in death opportunities to grab property. Not suprisingly, publication of the bill generated considerable outrage among men who perceive the extension of property rights to women as a direct threat to a natural social order privileging male authority.
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Hinds, Richard M., Eitan Melamed, April O’Connell, Francoise Cherry, Monica Seu, and John T. Capo. "Assessment of Wrist Function After Simulated Total Wrist Arthrodesis." HAND 11, no. 4 (July 7, 2016): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944715626930.
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Background: There is poor consensus in the literature regarding associated functional limitation and the preferred wrist position for total wrist arthrodesis. The purpose of the current investigation was twofold: (1) to assess the functional limitations of wrist arthrodesis and (2) to determine the optimal position for wrist arthrodesis using a simulated wrist fusion model. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers underwent simulated wrist arthrodesis in 6 different positions using custom-molded wrist splints: 15° extension with 0° radio-ulnar deviation, 15° extension with 10° ulnar deviation, 15° extension with 10° radial deviation, 0° extension with 0° radio-ulnar deviation, 0° extension with 10° ulnar deviation, and 0° extension with 10° radial deviation. Each volunteer was independently assessed for wrist function using the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, grip strength, and satisfaction in the simulated wrist fusion positions. Comparisons between all simulated fusion wrists and the baseline unsplinted wrist as well as among the 6 simulated fusion positions were performed. Results: Turning over a card (5.1 vs 4.3 seconds), picking up small objects (7.1 vs 5.8 seconds), and simulated feeding (8.3 vs 7.1 seconds) as well as total Jebsen-Taylor test duration (41.8 vs 37.9 seconds) was significantly longer in simulated fusion wrists. Both grip strength (55.9 vs 80.7 kg) and satisfaction scores (6.4 vs 9.6) were lower in simulated fusion wrists. Wrists in 0° extension also demonstrated significantly shorter durations in stacking checkers than wrists in 15° extension. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that wrist arthrodesis may only compromise select wrist functions. Among the tested wrist fusion positions, wrists fused in neutral may demonstrate better function than wrist fused in slight extension. However, grip strength and satisfaction seem to be unaffected by wrist fusion position.
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Ilic, Slobodan, Aleksandar Selakov, and Srdjan Vukmirovic. "Procedure for creating custom MLR-based STLF models by using GA optimization." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191205101i.
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This paper presents a novel procedure for short-term load forecasting (STLF) in distribution management systems (DMS). The load is forecasted for feeders that can be of a primarily residential, commercial, industrial or combined type. Each feeder has various amounts of distributed energy resources (DER) installed, which accounts for multiple different load patterns. Hence, the DMS cannot use a single STLF model for all forecasts. The proposed procedure addresses the specificity of each particular feeder type, by creating customized STLF models. It uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to select the best inputs for different multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The GA chooses variables from a dataset constructed using load and temperature measurements. The dataset is extended by adding nonlinear transformations and mutual interaction effects of the measurements, as well as calendar variables. This extension enables for the modelling of nonlinear influences and extracts the nonlinearity to the domain of input variables. The models? performance is assessed by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The proposed procedure is applied to a set of measurements collected from a US electric power utility, which operates in the city of Burbank, CA. The obtained MLR model is compared with a previously proposed na?ve benchmark, and a special comparison model, developed by correlation analysis. The proposed method is extendable to suit DMS systems with different types of electricity consumers.
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Smith, Andrew H., and Behzad S. Farivar. "A Novel Solution to Concomitant Type Ia/Type IIIa Endoleak Using the Cook Zenith Fenestrated Device and Endologix AFX®2." Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 55, no. 7 (April 19, 2021): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15385744211006611.
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Failing EVAR is typically treated with open explant or conversion to fenestrated endovascular repair. Novel solutions for EVAR salvage may be required in patients unable to tolerate explant or travel to centers with custom-fenestrated capabilities. However, strategies utilizing commercially available devices are often limited by anatomic constraints such as short renal artery to endograft bifurcation length. We present a case of progressive sac expansion due to late, concomitant type Ia and type IIIa endoleaks. The patient was successfully treated by proximal extension into the visceral segment using a Cook Zenith Fenestrated device and graft relining using the Endologix AFX®2.
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Fiaschi, Pietro, Marco Pavanello, Alessia Imperato, Villiam Dallolio, Andrea Accogli, Valeria Capra, Alessandro Consales, Armando Cama, and Gianluca Piatelli. "Surgical results of cranioplasty with a polymethylmethacrylate customized cranial implant in pediatric patients: a single-center experience." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 17, no. 6 (June 2016): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.10.peds15489.
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OBJECTIVE Cranioplasty is a reconstructive procedure used to restore skull anatomy and repair skull defects. Optimal skull reconstruction is a challenge for neurosurgeons, and the strategy used to achieve the best result remains a topic of debate, especially in pediatric patients for whom the continuing skull growth makes the choice of material more difficult. When the native bone flap, which is universally accepted as the preferred option in pediatric patients, is unavailable, the authors' choice of prosthetic material is a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implant designed using a custom-made technique. In this paper the authors present the results of their clinical series of 12 custom-made PMMA implants in pediatric patients. METHODS A retrospective study of the patients who had undergone cranioplasty at Gaslini Children's Hospital between 2006 and 2013 was conducted. A total of 12 consecutive cranioplasties in 12 patients was reviewed, in which a patient-specific PMMA implant was manufactured using a virtual 3D model and then transformed into a physical model using selective laser sintering or 3D printing. All patients or parents were administered a questionnaire to assess how the patient/parent judged the aesthetic result. RESULTS Patient age at craniectomy ranged from 5 months to 12.5 years, with a mean age of 84.33 months at cranioplasty. The mean extension of the custom-made plastic was 56.83 cm2. The mean time between craniectomy and cranioplasty was 9.25 months. The mean follow-up duration was 55.7 months. No major complications were recorded; 3 patients experienced minor/moderate complications (prosthesis dislocation, granuloma formation, and fluid collection). CONCLUSIONS In this patient series, PMMA resulted in an extremely low complication rate and the custom-made technique was associated with an excellent grade of patient or parent satisfaction on long-term follow up.
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Montemurro, Nicola, Sara Condino, Nadia Cattari, Renzo D’Amato, Vincenzo Ferrari, and Fabrizio Cutolo. "Augmented Reality-Assisted Craniotomy for Parasagittal and Convexity En Plaque Meningiomas and Custom-Made Cranio-Plasty: A Preliminary Laboratory Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 9955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199955.
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Background: This report discusses the utility of a wearable augmented reality platform in neurosurgery for parasagittal and convexity en plaque meningiomas with bone flap removal and custom-made cranioplasty. Methods: A real patient with en plaque cranial vault meningioma with diffuse and extensive dural involvement, extracranial extension into the calvarium, and homogeneous contrast enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI, was selected for this case study. A patient-specific manikin was designed starting with the segmentation of the patient’s preoperative MRI images to simulate a craniotomy procedure. Surgical planning was performed according to the segmented anatomy, and customized bone flaps were designed accordingly. During the surgical simulation stage, the VOSTARS head-mounted display was used to accurately display the planned craniotomy trajectory over the manikin skull. The precision of the craniotomy was assessed based on the evaluation of previously prepared custom-made bone flaps. Results: A bone flap with a radius 0.5 mm smaller than the radius of an ideal craniotomy fitted perfectly over the performed craniotomy, demonstrating an error of less than ±1 mm in the task execution. The results of this laboratory-based experiment suggest that the proposed augmented reality platform helps in simulating convexity en plaque meningioma resection and custom-made cranioplasty, as carefully planned in the preoperative phase. Conclusions: Augmented reality head-mounted displays have the potential to be a useful adjunct in tumor surgical resection, cranial vault lesion craniotomy and also skull base surgery, but more study with large series is needed.
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Kostecki, Robert. "Application of the Spatial Database for Shoreline Change Analysis and Visualisation: Example from the Western Polish Coast, Southern Baltic Sea." Quaestiones Geographicae 37, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2018-0023.
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Abstract The main aim of the study was to introduce a spatial database application for the estimation of changes in shoreline position. The open-source PostgreSQL database system with the PostGIS spatial extension was used as the data store for digitalised shorelines. The solution to calculations of the shoreline changes was based on the functions written in the PL/SQL language and geospatial functions provided by the PostGIS extension. The traditional baseline and transects method was used to quantify the distances and rate of shoreline movement. Outputs of the calculations were stored in the database table and simply visualised using graphical functions in the R software environment or in GIS Desktop software. The advantage of presented method is the application of SQL language in the analysis of the relation between the geometry of shorelines stored in the database table, which, compared to other similar solutions, gives the user fully open, simple analytical code and enable selecting custom parameters of analysis, modifying code and performing additional calculations.
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Ribeiro, Ana Paula Fernandes, Ticiane Cestari Fagundes Tozzi, Sergio Tumelero, Gabriel Andrade Nunes Carrijo, Laura Ramos Vieria, Caroline Loureiro, and Rogério de Castilho Jacinto. "Knowledge and prevalence of trauma and evaluation of the impact of educational and preventive actions on a population of athletes." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): e16210413913. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13913.
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This university extension project aimed to verify the knowledge of athletes about dental trauma, the prevalence and type of trauma that occurred in sports, previous use of mouthguards and to evaluate the impact of educational/preventive actions implemented in this population. The study was divided into 1) Application of Questionnaire 1 (n=94); 2) Clinical examination and manufacture of mouthguards; 3) Lecture on trauma; 4) Application of questionnaire 2 (n=40). The data were submitted to descriptive analysis and Fisher's exact test, with a significance of 5%. Athletes showed little knowledge about dental trauma. The prevalence of trauma and previous use of the protector were higher in athletes in the fighting sports category (p<0.05). After the lectures, the athletes showed improvement in knowledge about trauma and high adherence to the use of custom-made mouthguards. These results show how extension projects have a positive impact, changing the reality of the population.
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Hart, Joseph M., D. Casey Kerrigan, Julie M. Fritz, and Christopher D. Ingersoll. "Jogging Kinematics After Lumbar Paraspinal Muscle Fatigue." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.5.475.
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Abstract Context: Isolated lumbar paraspinal muscle fatigue causes lower extremity and postural control deficits. Objective: To describe the change in body position during gait after fatiguing lumbar extension exercises in persons with recurrent episodes of low back pain compared with healthy controls. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Motion analysis laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five recreationally active participants with a history of recurrent episodes of low back pain, matched by sex, height, and mass with 25 healthy controls. Intervention(s): We measured 3-dimensional lower extremity and trunk kinematics before and after fatiguing isometric lumbar paraspinal exercise. Main Outcome Measure(s): Measurements were taken while participants jogged on a custom-built treadmill surrounded by a 10-camera motion analysis system. Results: Group-by-time interactions were observed for lumbar lordosis and trunk angles (P < .05). A reduced lumbar spine extension angle was noted, reflecting a loss of lordosis and an increase in trunk flexion angle, indicating increased forward trunk lean, in healthy controls after fatiguing lumbar extension exercise. In contrast, persons with a history of recurrent low back pain exhibited a slight increase in spine extension, indicating a slightly more lordotic position of the lumbar spine, and a decrease in trunk flexion angles after fatiguing exercise. Regardless of group, participants experienced, on average, greater peak hip extension after lumbar paraspinal fatigue. Conclusions: Small differences in response may represent a necessary adaptation used by persons with recurrent low back pain to preserve gait function by stabilizing the spine and preventing inappropriate trunk and lumbar spine positioning.
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Martin, Stephen A., Barbara M. Kirby, Gabrielle Kelly, Michael D. Gilchrist, and Joshua Milgram. "Force Distribution in the Canine Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint on Extension of the Carpal Joint: A Cadaveric Study." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 33, no. 06 (August 30, 2020): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715495.
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Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to measure the load on the lateral and medial aspects of the proximal radio-ulnar joint during extension of the carpus. Study Design This was an ex vivo biomechanical study. Sample Population Twenty-two cadaveric Greyhound thoracic limbs were used. Methods Twenty-two paired thoracic limbs were used. The olecranon was attached to a custom jig with the foot resting on a stationary anvil. Load sensors were inserted into the proximal radio-ulnar joint, between the radial head and the lateral coronoid process, and between the radial head and the medial coronoid process. Specimens were tested under compression with measurements taken at 0, 4, 9 and 13.5 mm of axial displacement. Data collected at each point included forces on the specimen and medial and lateral coronoid processes as well as the angle of carpal joint extension. Results A linear mixed effects model relating load on the specimen and carpal joint extension angle had an R-squared value of 0.66, and load at the level of the medial coronoid process and angle of carpal extension had an R-squared value of 0.61. There was a significant difference in the loads measured on the lateral and medial coronoid processes at all angles (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Extension of the carpus results in asymmetric loading of the proximal radio-ulnar joint. Clinical Significance The findings of this study show that loading of the medial coronoid process may be more complex than originally thought and supports the future investigation of novel management and therapeutic options for affected patients.
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Kutmon, Martina, Friederike Ehrhart, Egon L. Willighagen, Chris T. Evelo, and Susan L. Coort. "CyTargetLinker app update: A flexible solution for network extension in Cytoscape." F1000Research 7 (June 14, 2018): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14613.1.
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Here, we present an update of the open-source CyTargetLinker app for Cytoscape (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cytargetlinker) that introduces new automation features. CyTargetLinker provides a simple interface to extend networks with links to relevant data and/or knowledge extracted from so-called linksets. The linksets are provided on the CyTargetLinker website or can be custom-made for specific use cases. The new automation feature enables users to programmatically execute the app’s functionality in Cytoscape (command line tool) and with external tools (e.g. R, Jupyter, Python, etc). This allows users to share their analysis workflows and therefore increase repeatability and reproducibility. Three use cases demonstrate automated workflows, combinations with other Cytoscape apps and core Cytoscape functionality. We first extend a protein-protein interaction network created with the stringApp, with compound-target interactions and disease-gene annotations. In the second use case, we created a workflow to load differentially expressed genes from an experimental dataset and extend it with gene-pathway associations. Lastly, we chose an example outside the biological domain and used CyTargetLinker to create an author-article-journal network for the five authors of this manuscript using a two-step extension mechanism. With 300 downloads per month in the last year and over 12,000 downloads in total, CyTargetLinker shows the adoption and relevance of the app in the field of network biology. In April 2018, the original publication was cited in 57 articles demonstrating the applicability in biomedical research.
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Kutmon, Martina, Friederike Ehrhart, Egon L. Willighagen, Chris T. Evelo, and Susan L. Coort. "CyTargetLinker app update: A flexible solution for network extension in Cytoscape." F1000Research 7 (August 13, 2019): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14613.2.
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Here, we present an update of the open-source CyTargetLinker app for Cytoscape (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cytargetlinker) that introduces new automation features. CyTargetLinker provides a simple interface to extend networks with links to relevant data and/or knowledge extracted from so-called linksets. The linksets are provided on the CyTargetLinker website (https://cytargetlinker.github.io/) or can be custom-made for specific use cases. The new automation feature enables users to programmatically execute the app’s functionality in Cytoscape (command line tool) and with external tools (e.g. R, Jupyter, Python, etc). This allows users to share their analysis workflows and therefore increase repeatability and reproducibility. Three use cases demonstrate automated workflows, combinations with other Cytoscape apps and core Cytoscape functionality. We first extend a protein-protein interaction network created with the stringApp, with compound-target interactions and disease-gene annotations. In the second use case, we created a workflow to load differentially expressed genes from an experimental dataset and extend it with gene-pathway associations. Lastly, we chose an example outside the biological domain and used CyTargetLinker to create an author-article-journal network for the five authors of this manuscript using a two-step extension mechanism. With 400 downloads per month in the last year and nearly 20,000 downloads in total, CyTargetLinker shows the adoption and relevance of the app in the field of network biology. In August 2019, the original publication was cited in 83 articles demonstrating the applicability in biomedical research.
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Christophe, Sidonie, Bertrand Duménieu, Antoine Masse, Charlotte Hoarau, Jérémie Ory, Mathieu Brédif, François Lecordix, et al. "Expressive map design: OGC SLD/SE++ extension for expressive map styles." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-21-2018.
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In the context of custom map design, handling more artistic and expressive tools has been identified as a carto-graphic need, in order to design stylized and expressive maps. Based on previous works on style formalization, an approach for specifying the map style has been proposed and experimented for particular use cases. A first step deals with the analysis of inspiration sources, in order to extract ‘what does make the style of the source’, i.e. the salient visual characteristics to be automatically reproduced (textures, spatial arrangements, linear stylization, etc.). In a second step, in order to mimic and generate those visual characteristics, existing and innovative rendering techniques have been implemented in our GIS engine, thus extending the capabilities to generate expressive renderings. Therefore, an extension of the existing cartographic pipeline has been proposed based on the following aspects: 1- extension of the symbolization specifications OGC SLD/SE in order to provide a formalism to specify and reference expressive rendering methods; 2- separate the specification of each rendering method and its parameterization, as metadata. The main contribution has been described in (Christophe et al. 2016). In this paper, we focus firstly on the extension of the cartographic pipeline (SLD++ and metadata) and secondly on map design capabilities which have been experimented on various topographic styles: old cartographic styles (Cassini), artistic styles (watercolor, impressionism, Japanese print), hybrid topographic styles (ortho-imagery & vector data) and finally abstract and photo-realist styles for the geovisualization of costal area. The genericity and interoperability of our approach are promising and have already been tested for 3D visualization.
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Grafe, Regina. "Empires of Charity: Imperial Legitimacy and Profitable Charity in Colonial Spanish America." New Global Studies 12, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2018-0027.
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Abstract This article investigates the institutionalization and the practices of charity that sustained imperial rule in the early modern Spanish Empire. The article proposes that the polycentric Spanish Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries faced a fundamental challenge in terms of justifying the extension of power beyond its original territory of legitimization through custom and (invented) history. This challenge was dealt with through recourse to an ideology of good governance in corporate society. It institutionalized differences across race/caste, urban/rural, professional, gender and other categories in collectives that held part of a layered and fragmented sovereignty. But unlike its modern successor empires and nation states, it did not have to rely systematically on the essentialization of difference. Thus, good governance could legitimize the extension of hegemony beyond the original territory of political legitimization and charity played a central role in this. A material caritative complex sui generis linked the moral economy of charity, which legitimized local elites, with their own financing needs and those of the imperial polity via the financial acumen of religious and charitable institutions.
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Rai, Alex J., Nitin Udar, Rana Saad, and Martin Fleisher. "A Multiplex Assay for Detecting Genetic Variations in CYP2C9, VKORC1, and GGCX Involved in Warfarin Metabolism." Clinical Chemistry 55, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.118497.
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Abstract Background: Patients differ in responses to warfarin, which is commonly prescribed to treat thromboembolic events. Genetic variations in the cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9 (CYP2C9), vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1 (VKORC1), and gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) genes have been shown to contribute to impaired metabolism of warfarin. Methods: We designed a custom multiplex single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel to interrogate the CYP2C9 *2, *3, VKORC1 (–1639G→A), and GGCX (1181T→G) alleles simultaneously in a single sample by use of single-base extension and capillary electrophoresis after genomic DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Results: Our assay successfully detected various genotypes from known controls and 24 unknown samples. It was found to be 100% concordant with sequencing results. Conclusions: Our multiplexed SNP panel can be successfully used in genotyping of patient blood samples. Results can be combined with other clinical parameters in an algorithm for warfarin dosing. These data provide a proof-in-principle of multiplexed SNP analysis using rapid single-base extension and capillary electrophoresis, and warrant additional validation using a larger cohort of patient samples.
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Algarni, Abdulrahman D., and John Antoniou. "Hybrid Fixation Utilizing a Custom Stem Extension for the Treatment of Periprosthetic Femoral Nonunions Around Well-Fixed Cylindrical Femoral Stems." JBJS Case Connector 3, no. 4 (October 9, 2013): e105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.cc.l.00305.
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Andreyeva, Olga, Anna Nikonova, and Lesia Maistrenko. "Investigation on Polymer-Mineral Tanned Leather Properties." Solid State Phenomena 267 (October 2017): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.267.98.
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In natural leather production polymeric compounds are generally used during leather finishing coating. However, given that liquid processing is crucial for derma structure and properties development, we have identified the rationale for applying polymers based on maleic and acrylic acids during chrome and titanium tanning of garment leather by analysing specimens of polymer-mineral tanning. We have applied analysis techniques traditional for leather industry (strength of surface, strength and percentage extension, shrinkage temperature, moisture content, mineral substances content etc.), as well as mathematical statistics techniques, in order to do it. It has been established that structure and custom properties development of polymer-mineral tanning leather products has been improved as compared with pickle-chrome tanning ones.
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Chambers, Spencer B., Clare E. Padmore, Stacy Fan, Ruby Grewal, James Johnson, and Nina Suh. "The Impact of Scaphoid Malunion on Carpal Motion: An In-Vitro Analysis." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 26, no. 03 (August 10, 2021): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835521500387.
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Background: The clinical significance of scaphoid malunion is debated and its effect on wrist kinematics is poorly understood. Alterations to scaphoid morphology in other pathologies result in significant sequelae and arthrosis. By understanding the impact of scaphoid malunion on carpal kinematics, better insight can be garnered to inform models of wrist motion and clinical treatment of this injury. Methods: Seven cadaveric upper extremities underwent active wrist flexion and extension in a custom motion wrist simulator with scaphoid kinematics being captured with respect to the distal radius. A three-stage protocol of progressive simulated malunion severity was performed [intact, 10° malunion (Mal 10°), 20° malunion (Mal 20°)] with data analyzed from 45° wrist extension to 45° wrist flexion. Scaphoid malunions were modelled by creating successive volar wedge osteotomies and reducing the resultant scaphoid fragments with two 0.062” Kirshner wires. Motion of the scaphoid, lunate, trapezium-trapezoid was recorded using optical trackers. Results: Increasing scaphoid malunion severity did not significantly affect scaphoid or trapezium-trapezoid motion (p > 0.05); however, it did significantly alter lunate motion (p < 0.001). Increasing malunion severity resulted in progressive lunate extension across wrist motion (Intact – Mal 10°: mean difference (mean dif.) = 7.1° ± 1.6, p < 0.05; Intact – Mal 20°: mean dif. = 10.2° ± 2.0, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this in-vitro model, increasing scaphoid malunion severity was associated with progressive extension of the lunate in all wrist positions. The clinical significance of this motion change is yet to be elucidated, but this model serves as a basis for understanding the kinematic consequences of scaphoid malunion deformities.
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Padmore, Clare, Helen Stoesser, G. Daniel Langohr, James Johnson, and Nina Suh. "Carpal Kinematics following Sequential Scapholunate Ligament Sectioning." Journal of Wrist Surgery 08, no. 02 (January 17, 2019): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676865.
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Background The scapholunate ligament (SLL) is the most commonly injured intercarpal ligament of the wrist. It is the primary stabilizer of the scapholunate (SL) joint, but the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) and radioscaphocapitate (RSC) ligaments may also contribute to SL stability. The contributions of SL joint stabilizers have been reported previously; however, this study aims to examine their contributions to SL stability using a different methodology than previous studies. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro biomechanical study was to quantify changes in SL kinematics during wrist flexion and extension following a previously untested sequential sectioning series of the SL ligament and secondary stabilizers. Methods Eight cadaveric upper extremities underwent active wrist flexion and extension in a custom motion wrist simulator. SL kinematics were captured with respect to the distal radius. A five-stage sequential sectioning protocol was performed, with data analyzed from 45-degree wrist flexion to 45-degree wrist extension. Results Wrist flexion and extension caused the lunate to adopt a more extended posture following sectioning of the SLL and secondary stabilizers compared with the intact state (p < 0.009). The isolated disruption to the dorsal portion of the SLL did not result in significant change in lunate kinematics compared with the intact state (p > 0.05). Scaphoid kinematics were altered in wrist flexion following sequential sectioning (p = 0.013). Additionally, disruption of the primary and secondary stabilizers caused significant change to SL motion in both wrist flexion and wrist extension (p < 0.03). Conclusions The SLL is the primary stabilizer of the SL articulation, with the STT and RSC ligaments playing secondary stabilization roles. Clinical Relevance Understanding the role primary and secondary SL joint stabilizers may assist in the development of more effective treatment strategies and patient outcomes following SLL injuries.
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Fehniger, Todd A., Kilannin Krysiak, Brian S. White, Matthew Matlock, Chris Miller, Robert Fulton, Friederike Kreisel, et al. "Recurrent Somatic Genomic Alterations in Follicular NHL (FL) Revealed By Exome and Custom-Capture Next Generation Sequencing." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.574.574.
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Abstract Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent NHL (iNHL), exhibits a variable clinical course, and remains largely incurable. The pathogenesis of FL is complex and involves over expression of Bcl2 via t(14;18) translocation, as well as copy number alterations, recurrent somatic mutations, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. In line with recent publications, we hypothesized that recurrent somatic genomic mutations in FL will be present and may impact FL development, progression, transformation, and clinical outcomes. Methods: To address this, we performed exome sequencing (NimbleGen SeqCap EZ V2.0) of tumor and normal frozen tissue pairs from 24 patients in a discovery cohort with untreated FL (12), relapsed FL (6), or transformed FL/iNHL (6). We developed a custom capture assay (NimbleGen) that targets 7.05 MB corresponding to the coding, 5' and 3' UTR regions of 1717 genes. The custom capture genes included somatic mutations identified in our exome discovery cohort (898 genes) or somatic mutations previously published to be recurrently mutated in B cell NHL (819 genes). Instrument data from the discovery cohort exome and re-sequenced custom capture were combined and analyzed using the McDonnell Genome Institute (MGI) somatic caller pipeline (5 SNV callers, 3 indel callers), filtered (minimum 20X coverage, minimum 2.5% VAF, maximum 10% normal VAF) and manually reviewed. Additionally, the 1717 custom capture strategy was used to sequence an extension cohort consisting of FFPE tumor samples from 80 patients with FL, achieving >20x coverage for >75% of the targeted region. All discovery and extension samples have clinical annotations that include FLIPI prognostic score, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Results: Combined analysis of exome and custom capture data for the discovery cohort yielded a robust data set with good sequence coverage of >78% of the targeted regions with at least 20x depth in all samples and a mean depth of 89x. Based upon somatic mutations identified and manually reviewed using this approach, we conservatively estimate 0.98 mutations per MB in FL. 23 genes were recurrently mutated in 3 or more cases, and an additional 75 genes recurrently mutated in 2 cases in the discovery cohort. Consistent with recent publications (Li H et. al., Blood, 2014; Green MR, PNAS, 2015; Yildiz M et al, Blood, 2015) we confirmed a number of genes that were highly recurrently mutated in FL [TNFRSF14 (50%), Bcl2 (25%), IRF8 (13%), TP53 (13%)] including chromatin modifying genes consisting of histone methyl transferases [KMT2D/MLL2 (58%), EZH2 (13%)], histone acetyltransferases [CREBBP (42%), EP300 (17%)], histone linkers [HIST1H1C (13%), HIST1H1E (8%), HIST1H2BO (8%), HIST1H3G (8%), HIST2H2AC (8%); collectively 42%]. We also confirmed (ATP6V1B2, 13%) and found unreported (ATP6AP2, 8%; ATP6V0A1, 4%; ATP6V1F, 4%) mutations in vacuolar ATPase proton pump genes and P5 or Ca++ ATPase genes (ATP13A2, 4%; ATP13A4, 4%, ATP2B4, 4%;). We confirmed (CD79B, 13%; BCL10, 8%) and found unreported (CD22, 13%) mutations in components of the B cell receptor signaling pathway. The previously unreported recurrent mutations in CD22 were consistent with loss-of function (2 missense, 1 nonsense, 1 frame shift deletion). As a negative regulator of BCR signaling, mutation of CD22 may represent a strategy of to enhance BCR signals in malignant germinal center B cells. We also identified members of the SWI/SNF complex mutated in 33% of this FL cohort: ARID1B (8%), BCL11A (4%), SMARCB1 (4%) in addition to previously reported members BCL7A (12%), SMARCA4 (8%), ARID1A (4%). Somatic mutations were also identified in the Notch pathway: DTX1 (29%), Notch2 (4%), Notch3 (4%), Notch4 (4%). We identified several genes that have not been reported as highly recurrent in FL CXCR4 (42%, mutation calls primarily in RNA), DMD (13%), DNAH9 (13%), FLG (13%), GON4L (13%), PCDH7 (13%), RLTPR (13%), SCN7A (13%), ST6GAL1 (13%). Conclusions: FL genomes harbor a large number of recurrent mutations, consistent with a role in the development and progression of this malignancy. Analysis of the extension cohort and association of recurrently mutated genes and pathways with clinical outcomes is ongoing and will be presented. Disclosures Bartlett: Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Colgene: Research Funding; Medimmune: Research Funding; Kite: Research Funding; Insight: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; MERC: Research Funding; Dynavax: Research Funding; Idera: Research Funding; Portola: Research Funding; Bristol Meyers Squibb: Research Funding; Infinity: Research Funding; LAM Theapeutics: Research Funding.
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Sundarianingsih, Pera, Khusnul Ashar, and Putu Mahardika Adi Saputra. "Social Capital Existence in Bali’s Microfinance: Evidence from Village Credit Institution (LPD)." Journal of Innovation in Business and Economics 2, no. 01 (December 26, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jibe.v2i01.5233.
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Bali has two village governance systems: administrative-village and customary-village. Administrative-village is the extension of government’s authority in administrative aspects. Meanwhile, customary-village (pakraman village) denotes traditional institution that has a function to organize krama (residents) based on the awig-awig (customary law). The role of customary-village is fundamental in carrying on the custom and culture of Bali as well as triggering the economical aspect from the society through Village Credit Institution (LPD). This study is intended to describe the existence of social capital over the LPD by employing inductive-qualitative approach. Social capital over the LPD can improve the societies’ harmony that have been established in advance. Furthermore, the social capital bonding, bridging and linking can be used continuously in social life.
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Sadaka, Sammy S., Kaushik Luthra, and Griffiths G. Atungulu. "Evaluation of the Performance of a Custom-Made Fluidized Bed Drying System." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 6 (2018): 1027–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12909.
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Abstract. Laboratory and farm-scale fluidized bed dryers are not available to purchase. Additionally, a deliberation is presently continuing regarding the beneficial and damaging effects of drying grain in a fluidized bed. Therefore, the goal of this research was to develop and test a custom-made small-scale fluidized bed dryer, suitable for moderate farms and capable of drying small and large size grains from high moisture content to a safe storage moisture content. The customary fluidized bed dryer was developed and constructed in the Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, Arkansas. The fluidized bed dryer was used to dry wheat from an initial moisture content of 23.3% db. The effects of the aspect ratio (bed height to bed diameter ratio) of 2, 3, and 4 m/m, the furnace temperature of no heat, 100°C, 150°C, and 200°C and drying duration of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min on the wheat moisture content, drying rate, and dryer efficiency were investigated. The lowest wheat moisture content of 16.3% db was observed at the lowest aspect ratio of 2 m/m, the highest furnace temperature of 200°C, and the longest drying duration of 60 min. Conversely, the highest wheat moisture content of 19.0% db was observed at the highest aspect ratio of 4 m/m, and the no heat condition. The drying rate of 0.47%/min was observed at the lowest aspect ratio of 2 m/m and the furnace temperature of 200°C after 10 min. The maximum dryer efficiency of 63.2% was achieved at the aspect ratio of 4 m/m, the furnace temperature of 200°C. Two empirical models were developed to predict the moisture content of wheat and the dryer efficiency as affected by the aspect ratio, the furnace temperature and the drying duration with the adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.91 and 0.88, respectively. Although, the developed fluidized bed dryer is a lab-scale system, the experimental results provided an exceptional indication to scale up the drying system to dry grains. Keywords: Dryer efficiency, Drying rate, Fluidized bed, Moisture content, Wheat-drying.
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Korf, Ansgar, Viola Jeck, Robin Schmid, Patrick O. Helmer, and Heiko Hayen. "Lipid Species Annotation at Double Bond Position Level with Custom Databases by Extension of the MZmine 2 Open-Source Software Package." Analytical Chemistry 91, no. 8 (March 20, 2019): 5098–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05493.
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Millis, D. L., J. F. Headrick, and A. M. Durant. "Kinematics of stair ascent in healthy dogs." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 24, no. 02 (2011): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-10-03-0038.
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Summary Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the kinematic characteristics of pelvic limb joints in orthopaedically normal dogs during stair ascent. Design: Prospective study. Procedure: Eight hound-type dogs were fitted with reflective spheres at palpable landmarks, including the tuber ischium, greater trochanter, cranial dorsal iliac spine, lateral epicondyle of the femur, lateral malleolus, and the base of the fifth metatarsal bone. Each dog was walked up a set of custom made stairs consisting of four steps and then trotted across a level test space. Data were recorded for the right and left pelvic limbs during ascent. Maximum and minimum joint angles and total joint motion were calculated for all joints and evaluated statistically. Results: Pelvic limb joints had a greater total joint excursion during stair ascent. There was greater extension of the coxofemoral and tibiotarsal joints during ascent, whereas the stifle joint had less extension. Maximum flexion of the stifle and tarsal joints was significantly greater in stair ascent. There was not any significant difference between the right and left limbs. Conclusions: All joints of the pelvic limb undergo a greater joint motion to ascend stairs.
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Bellamkonda, Ravi V., Amit Balgude, and Xiaojun Yu. "Characterization and Analysis of Highly Hydrated, Three Dimensional Cell-Matrix Constructs." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 388–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600015269.
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Neural Tissue Engineering involves the use of three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds for transplantation of neural tissue or for induction of regeneration of severed peripheral or central nerves. There is a paucity of information regarding the optimization parameters for the design of 3D constructs from the mechanical, morphological, or charge perspective such that neurite extension is maximized. In addition, cytoskeletal organization and response of neurons in 3D matrices to various stimuli is not well understood. Our laboratory has been using a combination of electron, force, light, video and confocal microscopy to address these issues. Custom surface rendering image reconstruction techniques were used to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of neurons extending processes in 3D as visualized by confocal microscopy. We have previously reported that low concentration gels of hydroxyethylated agarose are capable of supported neurite extension from a variety of neural cells in vitro.Agarose hydrogels were fabricated in concentrations ranging from 0.75%-3.0% (w/v). These highly hydrated gels were prepared for electron microscopy using a variety of sample preparation protocols including freeze drying, and critical point drying and their morphological structure and pore radius was computed using scanning electron microscopy.
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Stief, Felix, Harald Böhm, Katja Michel, Ansgar Schwirtz, and Leonhard Döderlein. "Reliability and Accuracy in Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis: A Comparison of Two Lower Body Protocols." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 1 (February 2013): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.1.105.
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The standard Plug-in-Gait (PiG) protocol used in three-dimensional gait analysis is prone to errors arising from inconsistent anatomical landmark identification and knee axis malalignment. The purpose of this study was to estimate the reliability and accuracy of a custom made lower body protocol (MA) compared with the PiG protocol. Twenty-fve subjects volunteered to evaluate the intertrial reliability. In addition, intersession reliability was examined in 10 participants. An indirect indicator of accuracy according to the knee varus/valgus and flexion/extension range of motion (ROM) was used. Regarding frontal plane knee angles and moments as well as transverse plane motions in the knee and hip joint, the intersession errors were lower for the MA compared with the standard approach. In reference to the knee joint angle cross-talk, the MA produced 4.7° more knee flexion/extension ROM and resulted in 6.5° less knee varus/valgus ROM in the frontal plane. Therefore, the MA tested in this study produced a more accurate and reliable knee joint axis compared with the PiG protocol. These results are especially important for measuring frontal and transverse plane gait parameters.
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Sala, Martina Rodriguez, Omar Skalli, Nicholas Leventis, and Firouzeh Sabri. "Nerve Response to Superelastic Shape Memory Polyurethane Aerogels." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122995.
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We have previously shown the suitability of aerogels as scaffolds for neuronal cells. Here, we report on the use of superelastic shape memory polyurethane aerogels (SSMPA). SSMPA have a distinctly different stiffness than previously reported aerogels. The soft and deformable nature of SSMPA allowed for radial compression of the aerogel induced by a custom designed apparatus. This radial compression changed the pore diameter and surface roughness (Sa) of SSMPA, while maintaining similar stiffness. Two varieties of SSMPA were used, Mix-14 and Mix-18, with distinctly different pore diameters and Sa. Radial compression led to a decreased pore diameter, which, in turn, decreased the Sa. The use of custom designed apparatus and two types of SSMPA allowed us to examine the influence of stiffness, pore size, and Sa on the extension of processes (neurites) by PC12 neuronal cells. PC12 cells plated on SSMPA with a higher degree of radial compression extended fewer neurites per cell when compared to other groups. However, the average length of the neurites was significantly longer when compared to the unrestricted group and to those extended by cells plated on SSMPA with less radial compression. These results demonstrate that SSMPA with 1.9 µm pore diameter, 1.17 µm Sa, and 203 kPa stiffness provides the optimum combination of physical parameters for nerve regeneration.
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Grad, Mariusz, and Christian Plessl. "On the Feasibility and Limitations of Just-in-Time Instruction Set Extension for FPGA-Based Reconfigurable Processors." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2012 (2012): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/418315.
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Reconfigurable instruction set processors provide the possibility of tailor the instruction set of a CPU to a particular application. While this customization process could be performed during runtime in order to adapt the CPU to the currently executed workload, this use case has been hardly investigated. In this paper, we study the feasibility of moving the customization process to runtime and evaluate the relation of the expected speedups and the associated overheads. To this end, we present a tool flow that is tailored to the requirements of this just-in-time ASIP specialization scenario. We evaluate our methods by targeting our previously introduced Woolcano reconfigurable ASIP architecture for a set of applications from the SPEC2006, SPEC2000, MiBench, and SciMark2 benchmark suites. Our results show that just-in-time ASIP specialization is promising for embedded computing applications, where average speedups of 5x can be achieved by spending 50 minutes for custom instruction identification and hardware generation. These overheads will be compensated if the applications execute for more than 2 hours. For the scientific computing benchmarks, the achievable speedup is only 1.2x, which requires significant execution times in the order of days to amortize the overheads.
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Giubergia, Andrea, Daniel Riesco, Verónica Gil-Costa, and Marcela Printista. "UML Profile for Mining Process: Supporting Modeling and Simulation Based on Metamodels of Activity Diagram." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/974850.
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An UML profile describes lightweight extension mechanism to the UML by defining custom stereotypes, tagged values, and constraints. They are used to adapt UML metamodel to different platforms and domains. In this paper we present an UML profile for models supporting event driving simulation. In particular, we use the Arena simulation tool and we focus on the mining process domain. Profiles provide an easy way to obtain well-defined specifications, regulated by the Object Management Group (OMG). They can be used as a presimulation technique to obtain solid models for the mining industry. In this work we present a new profile to extend the UML metamodel; in particular we focus on the activity diagram. This extended model is applied to an industry problem involving loading and transportation of minerals in the field of mining process.
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SHAABAN, H., C. PEREIRA, R. WILLIAMS, and V. C. LEES. "THE EFFECT OF ELBOW POSITION ON THE RANGE OF SUPINATION AND PRONATION OF THE FOREARM." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 33, no. 1 (February 2008): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193407087862.
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A kinematic study was performed to examine the influence of elbow position on the range of supination and pronation of the forearm. The ranges of supination and pronation were measured in 50 volunteers (25 men and 25 women) using a custom-designed jig which constrained unwanted and confounding movements of the limb. Measurements were taken with the elbow in full extension, 45° flexion, 90° flexion and full flexion. The data showed a reciprocal relationship between the range of supination and the range of pronation of the forearm which depended on the degree of elbow flexion. As the elbow is flexed, the maximum angle of supination increases while the maximum angle of pronation decreases ( p<0.001). The converse is true as the elbow is extended ( p<0.001).