Relevant bibliographies by topics / Customer references

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Customer references'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 September 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Customer references"

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Morgado, Andre Vilares. "The Value of Customer References to Potential Customers in Business Markets." Journal of Creating Value 4, no. 1 (May 2018): 132–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394964318771799.

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The literature on referencing takes a firm stance on the value that vendors derive from marketing customer references. What the literature lacks, however, is empirical work that supports our current understanding of the value of customer references to the potential customer. The present exploratory research aims to demonstrate the value of customer references from the perspective of the potential customer. This goal will be achieved by considering a single case study that provides evidence for the value of customer references to potential customers in business markets. Three theoretical propositions emerge as key conceptual contributions: (a) customer references allow buying companies to establish their suppliers’ competence, assess the buying decision risk and forecast return on investment; (b) customer references deliver value by helping potential customers to identify new business needs and (c) potential customers benefit from being exposed to customer references insofar as they are sources of organizational learning. This work concludes by presenting recommendations for practitioners who wish to reap the full benefits of customer references.
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Eni Maryati, Wahyu. "Studi Penerapan Strategi Segmentasi Pasar, Target Pasar dan Penempatan Posisi Guna Peningkatan Jumlah Konsumen pada Hotel Kartika Wijaya Batu." Jurnal Teknik Industri 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2010): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol2.no2.167-178.

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Market segmentationh ave purpose to devide plural customersi nlo the same marketsegmentationF. rom this segment,m arket sharet hat will be served dependingt o the segmentt hat givemaximum profit for Kartika Wijaya Hotel Batu.The methodu sedi n this researchis usingc lustera nalysisw ith SPSSp rograma s a help.T hesecondm ethodt hat be usedi s caracteristiacn alysism ethodo f customeres achs egmenut singc rossT absanalysisa nd the third methodu singp references tructurea nalysism ethodo f segmenut sing Thurstone'scase analysis.In customers egmentatioann alysisu singc lastera nalysisc an got 5 segments4.. of 5 balancesegmentfso rmedc ustomer'sp rofile caracterislice very segmenbt asedo n demografvi ariatesb, ehaviors,and advantagesA. nd from customer'sp references truclure concludet hat the prize that have beend ecidedby companyim portanat spect/s a tributeso f customer.
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Jalkala, Anne, and Risto T. Salminen. "Practices and functions of customer reference marketing — Leveraging customer references as marketing assets." Industrial Marketing Management 39, no. 6 (August 2010): 975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.06.017.

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Rachman, Natriya Faisal, and Dedik Tri Istiantara. "The Effect of Price and Service Quality on Train User Satisfaction and Loyalty." Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v1i2.39.

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The quality of railroad service users in accordance with customer expectations can increase the tendency of customers to make repeat purchases, provide recommendations to others about their beneficial experiences, while customer loyalty is related to the possibility of returning customers, making business references, giving strong words, and offering references and publicity about services on the train. This study is a cross-sectional study where testing is based on data that occurs at one point in time, so that the model built is not designed to capture changes that occur due to time shift. The analysis in this study uses the statistical method of the Structural Equation Model (SEM). From the results of this study it can be concluded that the price, service quality, and customer satisfaction variables influence consumer attitudes towards loyalty applied to the Argowilis Train. This gives understanding for the Argowilis Train to see prices, improve service quality, and increase customer satisfaction.
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Feng, Lin, Baoping Sun, Kai Wang, and Sang-Bing Tsai. "An Empirical Study on the Design of Digital Content Products from a Big Data Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 3092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093092.

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The competition within the digital content market has become extremely fierce recently in China. With increasingly diversified product choices offered to customers, the focus on customer experience has been elevated to the highest level ever. It has become key to winning customers from within the intense competition and for companies to obtain differentiation advantages to create optimized customer experience from the customers’ viewpoint. The article analyzes the relationship between customer experience and the business model of digital content companies. Later, it comes up with an innovated business model based on the big data of customer experience to restructure the business process of digital content companies and to illustrate the designing process of new models in the product application design and customer care stages based on the model proposed, which can be used as references for the transformation and innovation of digital content companies.
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Nurudin, Nurudin, Khoirul Anwar, and Hidayaturrosyida Hidayaturrosyida. "Analysis Of The Effect Of Islamic Product Attributes, Servicescape, And Interpersonal Communications On Customer Satisfaction Bank BTN Syariah KCPS Ngaliyan." AL-ARBAH: Journal of Islamic Finance and Banking 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/al-arbah.2020.2.2.7328.

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Purpose - This study aims to determine the effect of Islamic product attributes, service scape, interpersonal communication on customer satisfaction at Bank BTN Syariah KCPS Ngaliyan.Method - The method used in this research is quantitative method, where this method is carried out by distributing questionnaires to BTN Syariah KCPS Ngaliyan customers. Samples were taken as many as 100 respondents with incidental sampling technique.Result - The results show that the variable attributes of Islamic products, servicescape, and interpersonal communication have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction of BTN Syariah KCPS Ngaliyan.Implication - This research can be used for references related to matters that affect customer satisfaction.Originality- This study analyzes the variable attributes of Islamic products, servicescape, and interpersonal communication on customer satisfaction.
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Sanny, Lim, Verencia Angelina, and Bernando Budi Christian. "Innovation of SME service industry in Indonesia in improving customer satisfaction." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 12, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-03-2020-0056.

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Purpose Small-medium enterprise (SME) service industry is an industry that continues to experience growth in developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. SME service industry that engaged in the service industry, namely, rental for generator set, air conditioner and sound system. In recent years, this SME has been experienced in declining in sales and getting some complaints from their customers. Many studies suggest that service quality and customer satisfaction are the key factors in the service industry. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the quality of service based on the customer’s perspective. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected using a combination of literature review, interview, brainstorming and questionnaires and analyzed by using importance-performance analysis (IPA) and quality function deployment (QFD) model. Findings This research resulted in nine technical requirements that allow the company to focus on these attributes to help the company enhance its customer satisfaction. Practical implications Based on the theory, applying service quality, IPA and also QFD will result in customer satisfaction. Practically the enhancement in customer satisfaction is not as easy as expected. Nowadays, customers always expect more and more and it is impossible to fully captured customers’ needs and always satisfy customers. Nevertheless, for this research company can understand their customers better, companies can evaluate their performances based on the customers’ perspective and know their customers’ needs. The company also know their strengths and weaknesses to allocate the resources and maximize their potential. Last but not least, the company is able to know their strategic priority that needs to be done for their better performance in the future to fulfill their customers’ needs and hope to enhance their customer satisfaction Originality/value A lot of research about customer satisfaction but still limited especially in the service industry in Indonesia using a combination of IPA and QFD model. So this research will give benefit for SMEs in Indonesia to allocate their resources more effectively by looking at the results of the four quadrants of IPA and house of quality (HOQ) framework can be used for a company as the references for their priority strategic option. Yet, to keep improving, the company recommended reviewing HOQ periodically.
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Oktadiana, Hera, and Andhika Kurnia. "How Customers Choose Hotels." Binus Business Review 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2011): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v2i1.1158.

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In the advancement of hospitality industry, thus it is important for hotel sales and marketing to understand the customer behavior in order to create effective marketing. Factors that influence customer behavior as individuality consist of personal and interpersonal factors. Personal factors include the needs, wants, motivation, perception, learning, personality, lifestyle, and self-concept. Meanwhile, interpersonal factors come from culture and sub-culture, group references, customers through stages before deciding to purchase. Begin with the awareness about the needs, customers then find information about the product or service that could be used to solve the problems. After having the information, customers select the best product and service before deciding to purchase. After purchasing, the last stage is evaluation of product and service, whether it is satisfying or not.
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Jalkala, Anne, and Risto T. Salminen. "Communicating customer references on industrial companies' Web sites." Industrial Marketing Management 38, no. 7 (October 2009): 825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.04.009.

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Zhang, Xianyu, Xinguo Ming, Zhiwen Liu, Maokuan Zheng, and Yuanju Qu. "A new customization model for enterprises based on improved framework of customer to business: A case study in automobile industry." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 2019): 168781401983388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019833882.

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With the continuous improvement of living standards, customers are gradually pursuing products which are individualization, entertainment, and scene. The production model of the enterprise has changed from the traditional inventory model to the manufacturing model driven by the customer orders. By analyzing the evolution process of customer to business, we get the overall framework of customer to business based on customer platform-connecting manufactory platform-connecting service. A case study in the automotive industry is introduced, which takes customer to business as the implementation of enterprise strategy. The detailed implementation process is discussed from the four aspects of open and networked demand for personalized customer (C), open and networked manufacturing (M), open and networked service (S), open and networked collaborative platform (P). The objective of this article is to provide general references for enterprises to change from traditional business-to-customer model to open and interconnected customization model by combining the improved customer-to-business framework and its application in automotive industry. The framework we put forward has achieved good results in related customer-to-business projects we participated in. The research results of this article can be used as a reference for enterprises to design, set, and carry out the model of customer to business.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Customer references"

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Nygren, Anders. "Reference Customers : an Important Step towards Successful Business." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9224.

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Aim: The first customer is important because that it’s in many cases the only objective evidence that your product or service works in real life and that someone is willing to pay for it. The first customer is your first reference.   The aim of this study is to: Investigate how 7 start-up companies in the ICT-business developed reference. Establishing recommendations on what to focus on when creating reference customers. Present complementary recommendations for start-up companies regarding important factors, besides those investigated against the theory, which have been discovered to be important when building a successful company.   Method: The method in this study is a combination of a case study and cross-sectional study with qualitative data. The questions in the interviews were predefined and complemented with open ended questions according to the answers on the pre-defined questions. The data collected, the answers, were written down, summarized and analyzed regarding whether they did or did not support the theoretical statements investigated. A theoretical statement could be supported or not supported, partially or strongly   Result & Conclusions: The access to a professional network and good social skills are most important when establishing the first reference. Business skills can be developed during the process but the recommendation is to acquire or secure them as soon as possible. How to achieve the desired states has also been concluded.   Suggestions for future research: The largest limitation is the sample size of the data. Less than 10 companies were interviewed and some of the suggested statements can’t be significantly either confirmed or deferred. The study was also limited to one round of interviews. A study, with two rounds of interviews and a larger set of companies interviewed is suggested for further research. An extended study could also cover companies that didn’t survive the IT crash of 2000 and investigate if the suggested parameters and strategies were present and deployed or implemented.       Contribution of the thesis: The investigation has verified the importance of networks, customer type (brand name) and social capital when establishing a reference. It has also showed that the skills needed to develop a business doesn’t need to be present when company is established since it can be acquired and secured during the development of the first reference. It has also contributed with a set of recommendation for entrepreneurs in general not only regarding the establishment of reference customers where the most important recommendation is to build and maintain the personal and professional networks.
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Pereira, Lídia Maria dos Santos. "CRM na relação com o munícipe: estudo de caso." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/17775.

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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Sistemas de Informação Organizacionais
A constante expectativa de satisfação das necessidades dos munícipes enquanto cidadãos locais nas mais variadas vertentes da vida social de um concelho conduz á necessidade de ter uma visão 360º sobre o municipe, conhecer as motivações que o levam ao contacto com a autarquia, qual o grau de satisfação ou insatisfação, quais os seus gostos preferenciais, de forma a proceder à Gestão do Conhecimento do Cliente. O objetivo geral deste estudo de caso é o de encontrar a solução que responda às questões em apreço através da implementação de ferramentas de Customer Relationship Management, que centralizem as informações dos clientes, automatizem interações de Marketing Autárquico para promoção de serviços ao cidadão, forneçam inteligência de negócio e facilitem as comunicações para aumentar a produtividade, integrando ferramentas de multicanal. O Customer Relationship Management rastreia oportunidades de negócio, permite que se faça análise de dados e ajuda a fornecer respostas ao municipe num melhor serviço prestado. A metodologia adotada é o método de investigação, onde se refere a literatura, as soluções adotadas por outros municípios, efetuada análise a propostas de fornecedores, avaliado o enquadramento distrital através do grupo “Setúbal Península Digital” da Associação de Municípios do Distrito de Setúbal, concebidas e aprovadas 2 candidaturas ao Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional, analisada documentação do Curso “Gestão Pública na Administração Local”. As principais conclusões centram-se nas vantagens da adoção de uma solução de atendimento ao munícipe com base no Customer Relationship Management, orquestrado com o Biztalk e com o Sharepoint para a integração das bases de dados dos Enterprise Resource Planning em uso no município, integração de um canal de voz com a configuração de um Call Center, integração de um Gateway de Short Message Service, parametrização de uma solução de Helpdesk para utilizadores de Backoffice e de Frontoffice, integração do Email institucional com o Customer Relationship Management e integração de uma plataforma de Serviços Online. A informação constante do Customer Relationship Management, permite caracterizar estatisticamente todas as interações entre a autarquia e os munícipes.
The constant expectation of meeting the needs of citizens as local citizens in various aspects of the social life of a municipality leads to the need to have a vision 360 on the citizens, to know the motivations that lead it to contact with the local authority, the degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction, which are their preferential tastes in order to proceed to Customer Knowledge Management. The overall objective of this case study is to find the solution that answers the issues at hand through the implementation of Customer Relationship Management tools, which centralize customer information, automate Municipal Marketing interactions to promote citizen services, provide business intelligence and facilitate communications to increase productivity by integrating multichannel tools. Customer Relationship Management tracks business opportunities, allows data analysis, and helps provide responses to the city in better service. The methodology adopted is the method of research, which refers to literature, the solutions adopted by other municipalities analyzed, proposals from vendors evaluated, the district framework through Setúbal Digital Peninsula Association of Municipalities of the District of Setúbal, the applications submitted to the National Strategic Reference Framework, examined documentation of the course "Public Management in Local Government". The main findings focus on the advantages of adopting a citizen customer service solution based on Customer Relationship Management, orchestrated with Biztalk and Sharepoint for the Integration of the Enterprise Resource Planning databases in use in the city, integration of a channel voice with setting up a call center, integration of a Gateway Short Message Service, parameterization of a Helpdesk solution for system users, institutional Email integration with the Customer Relationship Management and integration of Online Services Platform. The information Customer Relationship Management allows statistically characterize all interactions between the Local Authority and Munícipes.
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Martin, Neill C. "Ritual dialogue in marriage custom, with special reference to Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21396.

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The study examines the form and function of ritual dialogue in marriage customs. Particular attention is paid to Scotland, and more precisely the betrothal ceremony or reiteach in Gaelic tradition. Analogues from Brittany and Wales are also examined in detail. The examples from the Celtic tradition are prefaced by a general survey of comparable models from Indo- and non Indo-European tradition. Various elements of the dialogues, and the ritual dramas of which many form a part, are shown to be linked to concepts of the evil eye and to the motif of the 'false' or 'former' bride familiar to European folklorists. Their connection with 'life-cycle' dramas is also explored. Using the concept of one and two-way thresholds, the dialogues are also shown to be related in structure to other dialogic threshold rituals in Celtic society including seasonal and territorial rites and those connected to the bardic order. The role of the mediating figure of the matchmaker/bard is examined, as is the recurring motif of the mock abduction of the bride.
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Norman, Charlotte Ann. "Aspects of calendric customs in Derbyshire with special reference to well dressing." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421123.

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Roberts-Lombard, Mornay. "The influence of the marketing concept on company performance with specific reference to customer services within the travel agency industry in the Western Cape." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1701.

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Thesis (MTech (Marketing))--Peninsula Technikon, 2001
Companies operating in the service industry must take note of three important marketing tasks. The first of these tasks is that companies should realise that they must provide the market with a variety of products. Businesses should therefore furnish the market with a diversified product range. Secondly, customers expect from the business sector to provide them with a quality service that even exceeds their own expectations. Thirdly, to ensure its survival in a competitive environment, the company should improve the productivity of its employees e.g. by improving the level of customer service provided to customers. Kotler (1997: 488) argues that such an improvement in productivity levels of employees can be achieved through employees working more skillfully, increasing the quantity of service by surrendering some quality, industrialising the service, inventing new-product solutions, designing more effective services, presenting customers with the incentive to substitute their own labour for company labour, or using technology to save time and money. Keeping these facts in mind and taking into consideration that tourists have been arriving in South Africa from all over the world for decades, it is of great importance for visitors to South Africa to receive customer service of the highest quality. A tourist travelling in the Republic of South Africa will most probably make use of a local travel agency if they should be in need of any further travel related services. A travel agent representing a particular travel agency, will not be engaged in the sale of travel related services only to tourists, but also to any other consumer interested in making use of the Travel Agencies' services. The Association of Travel Agents' (ASATA) code of conduct stresses that "ach travel agent engaged in the sale of travel-related services direct to consumers shall maintain the highest standard of service possible, complying with all statutory requirements, including those applicable to travel agents and with all provisions of this code" (Business Practices Committee Consumer Code For Travel Agencies, 1994: 5). This thesis is an analysis of the "marketing concept", with specific reference to customer service. It focuses on the top management in the travel agency industry and will be concerned with the degree to which top management is marketing orientated and the influence their marketing-orientated outlook will have on the performance of the travel agency. With marketing being defined as: "the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational goals", it must be emphasized that marketing can be seen as, amongst others, the anticipation and satisfaction of customer needs (Boshoff & Terblanche, 2000: 4). This research study would also include a study of the travel agency's level of customer service, which will have a direct reflection on top management's marketing outlook as well as the travel agency's level of performance.
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Rodrigues, Lucas, and Daniel Karlsson. "Why Do We Hate Brands? : A qualitative study of how the dark side of branding is influenced by group identification." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111206.

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Abstract The purpose of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the relatively new concept of Brand Hate. More specifically, how Brand Hate can occur in people with no to little experience with certain brands, so called non-customers. We want to believe that humans are a rational being that takes decisions based on all the available information and does not jump to conclusions before all options have been exhausted. But upon closer examination theoretical concepts such as brand love can be found. A concept that argues that users of a brand utilize the brand itself in order to internally identify values he or she holds, as well as showcasing those values and personality traits externally to others. With this theory as a basis the relatively new concept of Brand Hate was born. The new concept, posits that there has to be another side of the brand love, where people actually hate or dislike the brand. Up to this point very little research has been done within the area, and that is where the authors of this thesis saw an opportunity to fill a research gap. There has been no previous research attempting to understand WHY these negative feelings comes to present themselves within people. But as soon as the work on the thesis had started another opportunity presented itself, it seemed as though people hate or dislike brands that they themselves does not even use. As a result non-customers became the focal point of investigation of this thesis.  The research itself included three different focus groups, with in total nineteen respondents that discussed a wide variety of topics. During the sessions the discussions touched upon what brands they disliked, why they disliked them and how the respondents identified with other groups of people. This gave the authors the ability to gain a deeper understanding of the psychological reasoning behind why certain brands the respondents did not use were severely hated or disliked.    The findings from the research seem to point in one very specific direction, group identification is an integral reason why non-customers started to hate or dislike brands. No matter how good companies are creating an appealing brand, that same brand will always risk to become distorted, as a result of the different targeted user groups. This research shows that people let their emotions and prejudices come between what they perceive a brand to be, and what companies want them to be. The result is people prematurely judging brands based upon the customers of that brand. If the respondents did not like the user group of a certain brand, that same brand would be inscribed with all the negative connotations with the user groups, thereby distorting the public brand image far from what the companies might intend them to be.
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Mashalaba, Siyabulela Welcome. "Discrimination against women under customary law in South Africa with reference to inheritance and succession." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/505.

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In South Africa, it is evident that women are uniformed of their essential human rights, especially their inheritance and succession rights, including protection of such rights. Human rights are international norms that protect individuals everywhere from the states’ political, legal and social abuse. Human rights are entitlements which human beings have in order to enhance their human condition. They are the fundamental entitlements or minimum standards to be met for individual so that they live with dignity. This study focused on discrimination of women under customary law in South Africa with reference to inheritance and succession. The study validated the findings of other researchers on the impact of cultural practices on women’s rights to inheritance and succession. In addition the findings revealed that efforts t eliminate traditional practices, should foremost come from men and from communities that hold such destructive attitudes towards women. The outcomes and recommendations of this study would assist the government and other institutions to adopt effective measures to empower women and especially educate them so that they can assert and defend their human rights
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Ntsikeni, Zukiswa. "An analysis of how to improve customer relations in local government with particular reference to the Buffalo City Municipality in East London." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/76.

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The research was conducted to address the low service levels offered by Buffalo City Municipality. In the past Council has received numerous customer complaints to this effect, via correspondence and verbal communication to council delegates and officials. The executive head of the municipality has requested a turn around of this appalling situation. The aim of this research was to gain insight and meaning to the existing problem in an attempt to correct it. This was accomplished by identifying the problem, and then by introducing sub-problems to the main problem for practical and relevant solutions. The research was extended to cover the East London and King Williams Town Local Councils. This was undertaken through personal interviews with the Buffalo City Municipality staff, management, Salga officials and non-profit organisations that were involved in community research on service levels and delivery in local government for this region. Literature was reviewed on methods of improving customer relations in both the public and private sectors. Local and international best practices were analysed to benchmark against successful practices worldwide. Information relevant to Buffalo City’s scenario has been presented in this study, from the identification of effective customer relation practices, followed by the roles and skills required by management. In addition to the personal interviews conducted, a two-page questionnaire was compiled based on integrated information from literature reviewed on best practices, and staff and management input. The questionnaire formed part of the empirical study. Results of the study were critically analysed and revealed three main areas of urgent importance. These are: effective communication, the establishment of a customer care policy and procedures together with training and development. These are effectively achievable after the placement of staff. The study was concluded with a practical and applicable detailed programme of intervention.
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Ndlovu, Herbert. "African customs and values that can enhance seventh-day adventists missions to South Africans with specific reference to the Zulu cultural heritage." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66644.

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This study was carried out in KwaZulu Natal Free State Conference (KNFC) which is under the umbrella of South African Union (SAU) in South Africa. The objective was to determine how African customs and values consistent with biblical principles can enhance Seventh- day Adventist missions among the indigenous South Africans with reference to the Zulu heritage. The study also sought to investigate how embracing African customs and values consistent with biblical principles in mission endeavors has positive effects on indigenous South Africans’ perceptions of the Seventh-day Adventist church and appreciation of Adventism
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
University of Pretoria
Science of Religion and Missiology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Queiroz, Vanessa Oliveira de. "As normas referentes às crianças-soldado no Direito Internacional." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7943.

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Este trabalho trata da normatização internacional relativa às crianças-soldado e aborda, sobretudo, a utilização de defesas baseadas em alegações de violação aos princípios da legalidade e em ocorrência de erro de proibição por réus de processos penais do Tribunal Especial para Serra Leoa e do Tribunal Penal Internacional. Diante disso, investiga se a proibição geral ao envolvimento infantil em conflitos armados e as infrações a essa vedação particularmente as condutas de recrutar, alistar e utilizar crianças como soldados integram o Direito Internacional Costumeiro e, em caso positivo, em que momento teria ocorrido a inserção nesse campo. Analisa, igualmente, se o argumento da boa-fé pode ser um elemento de defesa válido naqueles processos, com fundamento no relativismo cultural. Pretende, com isso, esclarecer o processo de criminalização daquelas condutas, além de identificar a posição hierárquica ocupada pelas normas em questão. Para tanto, recorre à verificação da prática estatal e da opinio juris relativas ao tema. Com isso, conclui que o regramento possui natureza costumeira e pertence ao domínio do jus cogens.
This work deals with the international rules concerning child soldiers, and addresses, in particular, the use of defenses based on allegations of violation of the principles of legality and mistake of law by defendants in criminal proceedings of the Special Court for Sierra Leone and of the International Criminal Court. Moreover, it investigates if the general prohibition to child involvement in armed conflicts and the infractions to this seal particularly the ducts of recruit, enlist and using children as soldiers are part of the customary international law and, if so, since when they have been integrated to this field. It also analyzes if the argument of good faith can be a valid element of defense in those processes, on the basis of cultural relativism. The main purpose its to clarify the process of criminalization of those acts, and identify the hierarchical position occupied by the rules in question. In this regard, the state practice and the opinio juris concerning the theme are investigated. In result, it is concluded that those norms have a customary nature and they already belong to the domain of jus cogens.
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Books on the topic "Customer references"

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Salminen, Risto T. Role of references in international industrial marketing: A theory-building case study about supplier's processes of utilizing references. Lappeenranta: Lappeenrannan teknillinen korkeakoulu, 1997.

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Fantus, James E. Rapid references: "how to" business reports on marketing, sales, customer service, finance, management, and strategic planning. Mesa, AZ: Concept Management, 1993.

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Fantus, James E. Rapid references: How-to business reports on marketing, sales, customer service, finance, leadership, strategic planning, and executive job hunting. Brookfield, WI: Concept Management, 1994.

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Collins pocket reference Scottish myths & customs. Glasgow: HarperCollins, 1997.

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Style meister: The quick-reference custom style guide. Austen, Tex: Castle Communications, 1998.

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Paradox queries: A developer's reference : the definitive reference to queries in custom applications. New York: M&T Books, 1993.

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Wilkins, Frances. Scottish customs & excise records: With particular reference to Strathclyde. [Kidderminster, Worcestershire]: Wyre Forest Press, 1992.

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R, Whitman John, ed. Delivering satisfaction and service quality: A customer-based approach for libraries. Chicago: American Library Association, 2001.

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PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Quick reference to the trade and customs law of China. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2010.

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Chai, May-Lee. China A to Z: Everything you need to know to understand Chinese customs and culture. New York: Plume, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Customer references"

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Zeidler, Christian. "Reference model evaluation." In Mobile Support in Customer Loyalty Management, 197–219. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8301-5_6.

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Schmitt, Bernd. "Kundenerlebnisse managen: Der Customer Experience Ansatz." In Springer Reference Wirtschaft, 249–61. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04653-8_21.

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Dupuy, François. "The Frame of Reference." In The Customer's Victory, 105–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509696_7.

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Jalkala, Anne, and Harri Terho. "A Measure for Customer Reference Marketing." In The Sustainable Global Marketplace, 56–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10873-5_35.

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Lobianco, Antonello. "Custom Types." In Julia Quick Syntax Reference, 57–66. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5190-4_4.

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Olsson, Mikael. "Custom Conversions." In C++ Quick Syntax Reference, 67–68. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6278-7_21.

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Olsson, Mikael. "Custom Conversions." In C# Quick Syntax Reference, 83–84. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6281-7_23.

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Olsson, Mikael. "Custom Conversions." In C# 8 Quick Syntax Reference, 135–36. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5577-3_23.

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Olsson, Mikael. "Custom Conversions." In C++20 Quick Syntax Reference, 127–31. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5995-5_21.

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Olsson, Mikael. "Custom Conversions." In C++17 Quick Syntax Reference, 115–18. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3600-0_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Customer references"

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Al-Omari, Zuher Hamed, and Mohd Sharifuddin Ahmad. "Knowledge audit for References and Customer Services Unit at UNITEN library." In 2011 International Conference on IT and Multimedia (ICIM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimu.2011.6122719.

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Ziarati, R. "Integrating CAD/CAM." In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/edm1991-0192.

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Abstract Many progressive companies have adopted Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) strategy by interfacing drawing and design (CAD), manufacturing (CAM), production planning and Control (PPC, MRPII), inspection and customer services as well as business and management processes. This paper concentrates on aspects of integrating CAD with CAM and offers an example of how CAD information can be transformed into CAM data for given manufacturing operations. The paper pays special references to the basis of many CAD and CAM systems and offers an integrated system which uses a single data base to produce the manufacturing files required enabling the costing based on materials used and manufacturing processes required as well as inspection processes and marketing requirements to be carried out.
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Hattori, Sho, Takafumi Kanazawa, and Daiki Kuromi. "Customer Review-Based Imitative Dynamics with Reference to Another Customer's Evaluation on Current Action." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2018.00275.

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Rasoulifar, Golnoosh, Claudia Eckert, and Guy Prudhomme. "Toward Supporting the Implementation of User’s Emotional Perceptions During the Design Process of Branded Products." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12994.

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Visual appearance of design plays a critical role in the initial customer perception as well as the emotional response and evaluation of product properties. For branded products, the design of a product must also have distinctive references to the brand values. The successful implementation of the brand value in terms of the physical product properties and product appearance is therefore crucial. This requires product designers and engineering designers working together to create a shared understanding of the brand and the rationale behind the design choices made to implement them. Although communication mechanisms do exist, researchers observed that product designers and engineering designers still do not understand each other well. As the design process progresses the link to original brand values appears to be gradually lost (e.g. through engineering changes and cost reduction activities). Therefore it is important to make sure that the brand identity, and intended emotional responses are maintained throughout the changes. The aim of this paper is to describe the factors contributing to the complexity of communication between product designers and engineering designers related to the development of branded products. Several alternative approaches for supporting this communication are suggested with the objective of making the brand more accessible and understandable to engineers, who are not trained in brand design and aesthetics, and of integrating an engineering viewpoint in early design idea generation and decision making.
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Ma, Te, Da Hai Dong, and Yan Hong Guo. "Recommendation in Customer Reference Value Model." In 2011 International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization (BCGIn). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcgin.2011.39.

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Wang, Y., and G. Tang. "How reference options affect customer decisions in product configuration." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2016.7797944.

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Mandolini, Marco, Claudio Favi, Federico Campi, and Michele Germani. "A Decision-Making Approach for Procuring Custom-Made Machineries and Components." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22292.

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Abstract The paper wants to improve the procurement processes for custom-made machineries and components. Indeed, the current methods and software platforms adopted by industries for purchasing machineries do not consider value generated through the entire lifecycle. Furthermore, the purchasing process of custom-made components from external suppliers is often and still characterized by several negotiation activities. This paper wants to improve this context by proposing two approaches to fostering the procurement processes. The first objective is to define an approach for standardizing the method for configuring machineries to be supplied from suppliers and to establish an approach for estimating their costs. The most important benefits of such an approach consist of (i) machinery selection based on the Total Value of Ownership (TVO), and (ii) optimized suppliers’ selection by strengthening relationships between customers and suppliers. The second objective is to define a method and a software platform for managing the procurement phase of custom-made components. The most important benefits of this approach consist of (i) the standardization of procurement policies for custom and standard components, and (ii) the faster budgeting process. Future work consists of defining a reference model for gathering primary data required for TVO computation and defining standard agreements between suppliers and customers.
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Brezger, Friedrich, and Albert Albers. "Evaluation of a New Method for Customer-Orientated Rating of Clutch Systems in Conceptual Hybrid Vehicles." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63401.

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Coming to hybrid vehicles regarding passenger cars there is still no final answer which hybrid topology is the best system for the market. In European countries the focus is clearly set on energy efficiency or rather on carbon dioxide emission and production costs. There are several innovative hybrids available on the market coming with different advantages for the different customers respectively driver types. Well-known test cycles like the NEDC (Europe), the 10–15 Mode (Japan), the FTP72&FTP75 (USA) do provide an answer to the question of energy efficiency. But it is also known that this information is not necessarily valid for the special customers’ driver behavior. For the product development process a tool is required to rate the different hybrid topologies and their components as well as their scales. One aspect is efficiency in additional consideration of the customer classes. Along the dimensioning of possible abuse maneuvers the average performance is important. In this paper a user-friendly tool for measuring driving data is introduced in order to investigate its sufficiency to evaluate different driver behaviors. This tool uses an OBD-to-Bluetooth-device in combination with a smartphone with GPS. The advantage of this devices compared with a conventional autobox is its low cost and its simple use for all kinds of customers. This fast gained data is processed using probability density functions to create customer classes and representative reference cycles. In a second step a generic hybrid topology with an operation strategy is introduced due to include a detailed clutch system model. This clutch system model has a high fidelity regarding its drag torque behavior. The influence of little improvements at specific operating points on the drag torque will be evaluated. As a result the utility analyses show the efficiency improvement concerning the different driver classes. Thereby a sustained recommendation on further efforts for clutch optimization and its target characteristics can be proposed.
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Hui Yang and Quan Pan. "A two-period pricing model with customers' reference prices." In 2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsess.2012.6269543.

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Kinget, P., C. Vezyrtzis, E. Chiang, B. Hung, and T. L. Li. "Voltage references for ultra-low supply voltages." In 2008 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference - CICC 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cicc.2008.4672187.

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Reports on the topic "Customer references"

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Bruce, Sally S., Donna J. Clarke, James R. Ehrstein, Michael S. Epstein, Dale G. Friend, Thomas E. Gills, Kenneth G. W. Inn, et al. Final report of the e-SRM committee on the optimal delivery of services to customers for standard reference materials. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6759.

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Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.
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