Relevant bibliographies by topics / Customs courts

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Customs courts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Customs courts"

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Entin, Kirill V. "The Influence of the Eurasian Economic Union Court’s Legal Findings on the Case Law of Russian Courts in Customs Disputes." Вестник Российской таможенной академии, no. 3 (2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54048/20727240_2022_03_56.

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In the absence of a preliminary reference procedure as an instrument of judicial dialogue between the EAEU Court and national jurisdictions a key role in the uniform application of Union law and its efficiency in general will be played by the reception of EAEU Court’s legal findings by the courts of the Member States. Using the case law in the field of customs relations as an example the author examines the use of the EAEU Court’s case law by Russian courts. The results of this analysis show a significant number of references by Russian courts of not only the EAEU Court’s approaches in cases relating to the customs classification of goods, but also to universal legal findings in the fields of technical regulation, free movement of goods and protection of fundamental rights. It also shows that a judicial dialogue needs to be established not only with the Supreme Court, but with lower courts as well. The articles also explores the current problems in the interaction between the EAEU Court and the Russian courts such as the impossibility to review a judgment in the light of new circumstances in Russian courts after a judgment of the EAEU Court. The author considers that this significantly undermines the effectiveness of an application to the EAEU Court and of the EAEU system of legal protection in general. In order to solve this problem it appears necessary to modify the procedural codes in the Member States as well as to amend the EAEU Treaty.
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Glass, Melissa. "“The Rust of Antiquity”?: Print Culture, Custom, and the Manorial Court Guidebooks of Early Modern England." Canadian Journal of History 56, no. 1 (April 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh-56-1-2020-0032.

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Early modern England’s manor courts were local institutions controlled by landlords, operated by their stewards, and governed by customary law. They fulfilled a wide variety of legislative, punitive, and adjudicative functions regarding the regulation of community resources and the resolution of minor conflicts between tenants. Starting in the mid-sixteenth century, publishers in London began to print short, accessible manuals that explained how to operate these manor courts. The eight manor court guidebooks published in English from 1561 to 1666 that are examined in this article illustrate the important role that manor courts continued to play in daily life. But their publication also contributed to the codification, and eventually the gradual corrosion, of localized customs that formed the foundation of the courts’ jurisdiction. Custom and communal memory continued to play a large role in the organization of early modern English society, but these unwritten customs were increasingly in tension with broader cultural impulses towards codification and uniformity that were reinforced by the published guidebooks. The impact of these guidebooks was ultimately to delimit the jurisdiction of the courts, encourage the professionalization of court officials, diminish the significance of local customs, and confirm the authority of landlords by articulating their positions as local leaders. Manorial court guidebooks are useful illustrations of how the educated elite in early modern England saw customary law as a necessary but old-fashioned form of justice without a clear role in the country’s legal system in the future.
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Charvát, Radim. "Goods in Transit and Intellectual Property Under the EU Law and Caselaw of the Court of Justice." International and Comparative Law Review 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0054.

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Abstract The paper addresses the issue whether customs authorities of Member States are entitled to suspend or detain goods in transit (i.e., products directing from one non- Member State to another non-Member State through the EU) and the evolving case-law of the Court of Justice related to this matter. Prior to the judgment in Philips and Nokia cases, a so-called manufacturing fiction theory was applied by some Member State courts (especially Dutch courts). According to this theory, goods suspended or detained by customs authorities within the EU were considered to be manufactured in the Member State where the custom action took place. In the Philips and Nokia judgments, the Court of Justice rejected this manufacturing fiction theory. But the proposal for amendment to the Regulation on Community trade mark and the proposal of the new Trademark directive, as a part of the trademark reform within the EU, go directly against the ruling in the Philips and Nokia cases and against the Understanding between the EU and India.
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Asaaju, Morenikeji. "“The Native Court Way”." Journal of West African History 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.9.1.0027.

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Abstract This article examines surviving native court records from 1905–1957 in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria, to argue that what constituted marriage, marital rights, and sexual access to wives was changing readily in this period of socioeconomic and political change. In this period, Britain established the native court system, stressing African and British judges, to apply rigid ideas of native law and customs concerning marriage. Men and women—husbands, wives, lovers, fathers, uncles, aunties, brothers, sisters, and in-laws—approached the native courts to negotiate conflict over marriage, divorce, seduction, adultery, and child custody. Rather than administering rigid legal judgements of what constituted legitimate marriage, judgements rendered by these courts provided maneuverability, specifically for women to negotiate and contest marital status and relations.
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Mariotta, Martín, Fabrizzio de Armas, and Camilo Méndez. "Jurisprudence of Civil Appeals Courts in the Matter of Rules of Origin (2013–2019)." Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 3/4 (March 1, 2020): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020026.

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This article approaches the study of the Jurisprudence of Civil Appeals Courts in the matter of rules of origin in Uruguay, during the period from 2013 to 2019. It analyses the territorial admissibility factors of Judgments pronounced in first instance and how Civil Appeals Courts have resolved by confirming or reversing the appealed rulings. Customs Law, Customs offences procedures, Difference offence, Rules of origin, Appeals courts, Appeal
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Diaz Gavier, Patricio, and Patricio Diaz Gavier. "Post-Clearance Recovery of Customs Debt in Europe." Global Trade and Customs Journal 5, Issue 11/12 (November 1, 2010): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2010054.

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Article 221 of the Community Customs Code sets out the process that must be followed for the postclearance recovery of customs debt. Following its instructions is critical. If the customs authorities do not play by its rules, they cannot recover the customs debt. The application of these rules has been contentious, and national courts have frequently turned to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) for clarification on Article 221 or its predecessor(s). During the years 2009–2010, the Court has been particularly active. The once “blurry” rules are now more clearly defined to the benefit of legal certainty, although new issues may still arise. This article provides an overview of the state of play, which is of course in the interest of importers and the trade to know well.
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Armella, Sara. "Article: Customs Value in case Law." Global Trade and Customs Journal 19, Issue 5 (May 1, 2024): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2024040.

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In the operations of verifying the reliability of the sales price of goods, declared at the importation stage, the databases held by the Customs Authorities, according to an increasingly common practice in European countries, are increasingly important. In recent years, case law, including that of the European Court of Justice and national Supreme Courts, has provided many important clarifications on customs valuation. Among the many judgments worthy of further study, one should particularly focus on the rulings of the European Court of Justice intervening on the recalculation of the price declared in Customs. In this sense, the judgment of the EU Court of Justice of 9 June 2022 in Case C-187/21 (Fawkes Kft) reaffirmed the obligation of the customs authorities to conduct an effective adversarial procedure and the need to ensure compliance with the strict hierarchical criteria laid down in the EU Customs Code. Ruling on a subject of great interest to traders, this judgment also clarified that the customs value of goods can be re-determined on the basis of data contained in national databases, without there being any obligation to consult EU or other Member States’ databases.
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Lee, Ki-Young. "6Limitations and Improvement Plans of the Customs Act on Reproductive Rights." Korean Academy Of International Commerce 37, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.3.41.

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Purpose : The purpose of this article is to identify the problems with the standards for reproductive rights under the current customs law and to present opinions on the current legal improvement required in the digital trade era. Research design, data, methodology : This study examined the regulations on additional factors in determining the customs value under the current Customs Act and confirmed the problem of reproductive rights under the current Customs Act through recent precedents. Results : As can be seen from the recent precedents of Korean courts on commercial broadcasting after duplication, the completely opposite position of the Supreme Court and the High Court in interpretation regarding the right to reproduce is insufficient for the judgment of the right to reproduce under the Customs Act in light of the current increase in digital transactions. Conclusions : In order to create a sound and sincere tax payment climate and to realize fair customs administration, this study proposes an opinion on the application of exceptions to the import declaration subject and the expansion of the provisional price declaration system with respect to the establishment of clear standards for reproduction rights and the imposition of additional factors such as royalties.
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Shevchenko, E. A. "Refund of mistakenly paid and/or overpaid customs duties: ways to improve the effectiveness of the protection of the rights of economic operators." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.77.

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The article draws attention to the fact that, at the moment, there is significant support among administrative courts for the opinion according to which the measure of judicial response to the fact that the customs authority did not prepare a conclusion on the recovery of mistakenly paid and/ or overpaid customs duties from the budget is to recognize this inaction as unlawful and placing the respective customs authority under obligation to prepare such a conclusion and submit it to the state treasury. In contrast to this, according to the provisions of the doctrine of effective judicial protection, which is approved in the literal meaning of the provisions of the legislation on administrative proceedings and is developed and specified in the practice of its interpretation and application, optimal ways of influencing the court on disputed legal relations in cases of illegality of decisions, actions and inactions of sub In many cases, the subject of power has a direct obligation to restore violated rights. In light of this, it is justified that an effective method of judicial protection of the rights of declarants against the inaction of customs authorities in the framework of the procedure for the return of mistakenly and/or excessively paid amounts of customs payments, which would fully and definitively restore their rights, excluding the need for repeated appeals to the court by ensuring the possibility of enforcement of a court decision, there is a collection from the state budget through the state treasury of mistakenly and/or excessively paid amounts of customs payments. It is noted that for the possibility of forced recovery of erroneously and/or excessively paid amounts of customs payments by the administrative court, the declarant must confirm that he has fulfilled all the requirements of the law for this, in particular, that he has no tax debt. It is noted that the further perspective of increasing the effectiveness of the protection of the rights of declarants in legal relations regarding the return of mistakenly and/or excessively paid amounts of customs payments is the introduction of the possibility of administrative courts to collect these funds based on the results of consideration not only of cases about the return of mistakenly and/or excessively paid amounts of customs payments, but and by satisfying the requirement for this in cases in which the illegality of the decisions of the customs authorities is established, which led to the groundless accrual or additional accrual of the amounts of customs payments (in particular, in the cases of recognition as illegal and cancellation of the decision on the adjustment of the customs value of goods). This should optimize the organizational and economic losses of declarants and customs authorities, caused by the need to apply for formal confirmation of the existence of grounds for the return of mistakenly and/or excessively paid amounts of customs payments under a special procedure.
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Ura, Elżbieta. "„Ucywilnianie” dotychczasowych stosunków służbowych funkcjonariuszy celnych w związku z reformą administracji celno-skarbowej — w kontekście zasady praworządności." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 114 (August 10, 2018): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.114.16.

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CHANGE OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE CUSTOMS SERVICE OFFICER FROM THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL RELATION TO THE CONTRACTUAL RELATION — IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RULE OF LAWOn March 1, 2017, acts reforming the customs and tax administration system came into force. They introduced not only changes in the system of organs and organizational structure of this administration, but also significantly influenced the legal status of Customs Service officers. Not all officers were offered further service in the newly created customs and tax administration. Some of them received offers of employment in positions of civil part — in general has not been employed for a further period. In both cases, the relationship was terminated, which in the light of the adopted statutory solutions is treated as an exemption from service. A very large group of officers filed appeals to administrative courts, some of them — also to common courts. Against the background of the provisions formulated in such a way, the question arises: whether the change of the legal status of the Customs Service officer from the administrative and legal relation to the contractual relation made by the director of the customs chamber as part of the powers entrusted to him, is in line with the rule of law. The answer to this question will ultimately be given by the courts. The study will, however, present general observations regarding the existing situation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Customs courts"

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McCrary, Betty R. "Court-ordered mediation: perceptions and outcomes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39779.

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Meshal, Reem A. "The state, the community and the individual : local custom and the construction of orthodoxy in the Sijills of Ottoman-Cairo, 1558-1646." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=108871.

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Through the evidence of the court records (sijills), this dissertation examines the interplay between Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), codified sultanic law (qanun) and customary law in the shari'a courts of Ottoman-Cairo in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The thesis forwarded suggests that custom was a declining source of law in these centuries as a result of two factors: the imposition of a codified qanun, and a redacted fiqh.
En se basant sur des procès-verbaux authentiques provenant des tribunaux (sijills), cette thèse examine l'interaction entre la jurisprudence islamique (fiqh), la loi sultanique codifiée (qanun) et la loi coutumière des shari'a des cours de justice d'Ottoman-Caire aux seizième et dix-septième siècles. La théorie développée ici suggère que cette coutume fut une source de loi en déclin durant ces siècles à cause de deux éléments: l'abus d'un qanun codifié, et un fiqh rédigé.
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Luker, David. "Cornish Methodism, revivalism, and popular belief, c. 1780-1870." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe395cb7-7a81-40ee-9aaf-7cc8a5b5b593.

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In this regional study of Methodist development and societal influence throughout the period of industrialisation, recent trends in Methodist historiography at a national level are combined with the research and source material accumulated at a local level, to provide a detailed analysis of Methodist growth in Cornwall between the years 1780 and 1870. The thesis is divided loosely into three sections. In the first, four chapters outline the essential background to interpretative analysis by considering, in turn, recent historiographical developments in Methodist studies; social change in Cornwall during industrialisation; the performance of the Anglican Church in the county as represented in the Visitation Returns for 1779, (as well as historical and structural reasons for its 'failure'); and Methodist growth as expressed through available statistical indices, especially the date of formation of Methodist societies, and the 1851 Ecclesiastical Census. In the second section, one long chapter is devoted to an in-depth, county-wide analysis of Methodist growth, which considers the impact of external factors, particularly socio-economic, and internal circumstances, such as the degree of maturity of pastoral and administrative machinery, and the level of Connexional or lay control over chapel and circuit affairs, on the form and function of Methodism in nine distinct socioeconomic regions within the county. In the third section, four chapters concentrate on West Cornwall, where Methodism was strongest, in order to examine the roots of, and reasons for, the distinctively indigenous form of Methodism which developed there. On the one hand, the pastoral and administrative difficulties in exerting adequate Connexional control are considered; while on the other, an interpretation of the 'folk' functionality of revivals and of Methodism as a 'popular religion' is offered.
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Kaoru, Kobayashi. "Politeness strategies in an intercultural communication: a case study of a Japanese person in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/147.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate politeness strategies which a Japanese person applied in a series of intercultural communications. These strategies used in several different situations were examined from a cultural/social viewpoint as well as intercultural pragmatics. This research study also focuses on how people from different cultural backgrounds evaluate a Japanese person's behavior. By analyzing the results obtained from the research, this study investigates how a Japanese person commonly conceptualized politeness in a certain situations, and what that person did to demonstrate politeness in an intercultural environment. Role-playing activity, questionnaire, and interview were used as research instruments. In the role-playing activities, two actors (one from Hong Kong, and the other from Japan) acted out scenarios, which included potential face-threatening situations. Three different groups of people across two cultures then evaluated the Japanese actor's behaviors by filling out the questionnaire. Interviews were also conducted with some of the participants from these three groups. The results show that there are significant differences in the evaluation of politeness, not only between two different cultures, but also among people from the same culture. This suggests that some politeness strategies are not necessarily culture specific. Keywords: Politeness; Strategy; Evaluation; Hong Kong; Japan
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McLaughlin, Nancy C. "Dating Behavior of Latter-Day Saint Male Returned Missionaries: A Process of Managing Desires." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2000. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTGM,33251.

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Nell, Sussarah Maria Elizabeth. "Exploring the experiences of social workers in private practice in care and contact disputes using the best interest of the child standard." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8351.

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Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS)
The changing landscape of parental responsibilities and rights, and the protection of children’s rights create an ever-changing phenomenon in social science. Limited research has been conducted regarding social workers in private practice, and in particular, regarding their professional and personal experiences in dealing with care and contact matters, pertaining to the South African Children’s Act 38 of 2005. This study aimed to provide insight and knowledge regarding the roles and experiences of social workers in private practice, particularly of those rendering services in the greater Gauteng area, in family law matters related to care and contact disputes.
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Dorner-Zupancic, Lisa. "Art Therapy for a Child of Trauma in County Custody." Ursuline College / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=urs1210356616.

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Hollis, Joi. "Using a Risk Assessment to Predict Family Court Service Use in Custody Disputes." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5630.

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Present research has offered few easy-to-administer, accurate, and psychometrically-tested screening tools. Additionally, a gap exists in peer-reviewed literature concerning effective utilization of a family risk assessment instrument to determine the appropriate services for families involved in high-conflict custody cases. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if the Child Risk Index for Divorced or Separating families (CRI-DS) can be used as an effective family risk assessment tool to identify specific family needs and refer families to relevant court-related family triage services and programs. This study was grounded by Kellam and Van Horn's life course/social field theory. This study was supported by archival data. Correlation and regression analyses of 5 research questions addressing the relationships between family risk, court use, and related court services. Correlation results indicated both gender and marital status were significantly associated with an elevated pretest CRI-DS score and likewise conflict intensity also tended to increase. Study findings were consistent with previous findings that stress of divorce and separation was exacerbated by parental conflict and impacted the core relationships within the family; having long-term negative effects on the psychological well-being of the children involved. Using the CRI-DS as a triage instrument can facilitate the determination of which interventive services may be implemented for at-risk youth of high-conflict families, therefore promoting positive social change through the potential to improve the lives of at-risk youth and their families.
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Folami, Lati. "Lived Experience of Customer Servicing Among Court Personnel/Leaders in the Lagos State Judiciary." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3583285.

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Poor and inadequate customer service is prevalent in the public sector of emerging economies. Also, limited leadership roles are ascribed to frontline employees in the sector. Improving customer service and empowering frontline employees could increase organizational effectiveness. The goal of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the problem of inadequate customer-service delivery skills and limited leadership roles for court personnel in the Lagos State Judiciary, Nigeria. The research was guided by two research questions: In what ways could the servicing experience of customers by court personnel/leaders in the Lagos State Judiciary be improved upon? and What are the lived experiences of leaders and customers in the Lagos State Judiciary System? The study participants’ were 25 court users of the Lagos State Judiciary. The data were subjected to analysis using the 4 step modified Van Kamm method by Moustakas to identify themes through exhaustive data coding and data distillation The 14 interview questions resulted in the emergence of 34 primary themes. Five overall themes emerged from thematic clusters and they were capacity building, attitude of court officials, policy changes, interaction with stakeholders and leadership training. The findings showed strong similarities between the participants’ lived experiences and experiences presented in relevant literature. The implication was that the management (leaders) of the Judiciary might benefit from this study by adopting the Folami Model for Improving Customer Servicing in the Lagos State Judiciary (FMICS – LSJ) to achieve customer service improvements. Researchers may wish in the future to explore the twin concepts of customer service and leadership styles in other contexts further to add further insight to existing literature.

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Vargas, Acuache Christian. "The Reasonable Doubt in Customs and the Limits to its Exercise: How and when to apply it?" Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118146.

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A Reasonable Doubt is the act by which the Customs communicates the importer that doubts that this has declared the customs value in compliance with the valuation rules properly, requiring information and documentation necessary to verify that they have properly followed the rules valuation. In this article as we explore the conceptual and procedural aspects of management prerogative, we will try to find the limits to their exercise from the time, space and material point of view consistently (in concordance) with the rights and obligations of taxpayers.
Una Duda Razonable es el acto a través del cual la Aduana comunica al importador que duda que éste haya declarado el valor en aduanas cumpliendo las reglas de valoración adecuadamente, requiriendo la información y documentación que sea necesaria para verificar que se han cumplido adecuadamente con las reglas de valoración. En este artículo mientras analizamos los aspectos conceptuales y procedimentales de esta prerrogativa de la administración, trataremos de encontrar los límites a su ejercicio desde el punto de vista temporal, espacial y material en concordancia con los derechos y obligaciones de los contribuyentes.
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Books on the topic "Customs courts"

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Pakistan. Customs Act, 1969. Lahore: Nadeem Law Book House, 2004.

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Pakistan. The Customs Act, 1969. Karachi: Javaid Umar Law Associates, 2000.

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Reed, Patrick C. The role of federal courts in U.S. customs & international trade law. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y: Oceana Publications, 1997.

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Prieto, Rodrigo Ugalde. Tribunales tributarios y aduaneros. 3rd ed. Santiago, Chile: LegalPublishing, 2009.

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Grechkina, O. V. Administrativnai︠a︡ i︠u︡risdikt︠s︡ii︠a︡ v sfere tamozhennogo regulirovanii︠a︡: Problemy teorii i praktiki. Moskva: I︠U︡rlitinform, 2010.

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Carpentier, Vincent. Guide pratique du contentieux douanier. Paris: Litec, 1996.

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Abarca, Alfredo E. Procedimientos aduaneros. Buenos Aires: Editorial Universidad, 1993.

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Abarca, Alfredo E. Procedimientos aduaneros. 2nd ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Universidad, 1999.

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Pakistan. The Customs Act, 1969 (IV of 1969 with Prevention of Smuggling Act, 1977. Lahore: Tariq Najib Co., 2002.

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Pakistan. The Customs Act, 1969: IV of 1969 with [Prevention of Smuggling Act, 1977]. Lahore: Tariq Najib Corp., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Customs courts"

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Crema, Luigi. "The “Right Mix” and “Ambiguities” in Particular Customs: A Few Remarks on the Navigational and Related Rights Case." In International Courts and the Development of International Law, 65–75. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-894-1_6.

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Ferney, Derrik. "Delivery, Transport, Customs." In French Business Correspondence Course, 15–21. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10914-2_3.

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Hartley, Paul. "Delivery, Transport, Customs." In German Business Correspondence Course, 15–21. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10916-6_3.

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Singer, Anna. "Out-of-Court Custody Dispute Resolution in Sweden—A Journey Without Destination." In Children in Custody Disputes, 129–45. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46301-3_7.

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AbstractThis contribution is a descriptive overview of alternative legal proceedings in custody conflicts in Swedish law. The relationship between the development of Swedish substantive family law and the effort to prevent parents from battling in court, is compared with the practical outcome of these efforts. The author notes the mechanisms put in place to avoid the initiation of formal judicial proceedings, such as: availability of cooperation talks (which can be initiated both by the parents themselves and by the court), mediation, and a mandatory information meeting. She describes the role of social services and the courts in these disputes, finding that the responsibility they have towards one another and in relation to the parents, is not always clearly defined in the law. She further identifies a number of challenges relating to how the regulation functions in practice. For example, the appointment of an independent mediator, which is relied upon in only 1–3% of cases. She argues that parents in custody disputes often have problems incompatible with the image of parents on which the custody dispute process was designed. The system lacks what could be described as diagnostic tools and that the Swedish out-of-court processes are too rigid, in the sense that they only fit some of the families targeted. They are not sufficiently adapted to the varying and often complex needs of a modern family.
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Steen, Kathryn. "/ Customs, Courts, and Claims." In The American Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry, 204–36. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469612904.003.0008.

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Ibhawoh, Bonny. "Repugnant Customs and Alien Courts." In Imperial Justice, 52–86. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199664849.003.0003.

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"Laws Concerning the Inter-community of Courts." In Laws and Customs of Israel, edited by Gerald Friedlander, 352–60. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463213688-015.

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Wang, Lee. "Crisis in the Courts." In Crisis Lawyering, 127–45. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479801701.003.0006.

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This chapter explores the use of creative coalition-building to put an end to brazen tactics undertaken by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in New York State courthouses. Immigrants entering state courts as victims or witnesses were being dragged out of courthouses by ICE plainclothes officers and detained. This dramatic increase in courthouse arrests instilled fear and obstructed justice. Immigrants who needed to go to court for housing matters, custody battles, human trafficking, or domestic violence proceedings were no longer safe. As ICE’s aggressive tactics persisted, lawyers and advocates quickly banded together and got creative to put an end to ICE’s enforcement in and around courthouses. This chapter discusses how attorney’s had to question their role as advocates, as members of the bar with professional responsibility, and as citizens with moral obligations. From walkouts to Twitter, lawyers and advocates did whatever they could to take the courthouses back.
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Kolesnychenko, Nikita, and Larysa Shevchuk. "THEORETICAL, LEGAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF APPEALING AND REVIEWING COURT DECISIONS OF THE COURTS OF APPEAL IN CASES OF VIOLATION OF CUSTOMS REGULATIONS." In Science, technology and innovation in the modern world. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-364-4-17.

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Theoretical, legal and practical aspects of appealing and reviewing court decisions of the courts of appeal in cases of violation of customs regulations. The purpose of the research is to conduct a theoretical and legal analysis of appealing and reviewing court decisions of the courts of appeal in cases of violation of customs regulations and to process materials of the relevant case law with a view to formulating substantiated conclusions and proposals for improving national regulatory framework in this domain. The methodology of the research is based on national normative legal acts, case law materials and theoretical studies of scholars in the field of customs law. In the process of developing the research topic, both general scientific research methods (dialectical, systemic structural, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, comparison, abstraction) and specific research methods (content analysis, historical legal, logical legal) were employed. The results of the research show that the Supreme Court (of Ukraine) (SC) consistently refuses petitioners to open cassation proceedings, which is usually explained by the so-called "cassation filters". However, individuals held liable for violation of customs regulations (VCR), after consideration of their appeal, have several methods to appeal and review court decisions. These methods are enshrined in domestic legislation and can be used for these purposes. Four main methods for appealing and reviewing court decisions of the courts of appeal in cases of violation of customs regulations (VCR-cases) are identified. It is argued that the impossibility of appealing against court decisions of the court of appeal following the appellate review of VCR-cases contradicts the fundamental principle of justice and these cases can and should be subject to cassation appeal, including consideration of decisions by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The criteria for distinguishing between criminal and administrative responsibility in the ECHR case law are examined. It is stated that under the current conditions, it seems unlikely that the SC will open proceedings in VCR-cases, at least until the relevant amendments are made to the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine (CAPU), the Customs Code of Ukraine (CCU) and the the Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine (CAOU). At the same time, it can be predicted that the more frequently the above arguments are used in cassation appeals, the more likely it is that judges will take them into account and the current case law of the SC will gradually change. Practical implications. The results of the research, conclusions and proposals formulated therein can be used: in research activities (for further study of the issues of appealing and reviewing court decisions of the courts of appeal in cases of violation of customs regulations); in law enforcement activities ‒ to ensure uniformity of understanding and correct application of national legislation and case law (including the ECHR case law); as well as in the educational process ‒ in teaching and studying the educational components of "Customs Law", "Administrative Proceedings", "Legal Regulation of Combating Smuggling and Violations of Customs Regulations". Value/originality. This work is a comprehensive study of the theoretical and legal, as well as practical aspects of appealing and reviewing court decisions of the courts of appeal in cases of violation of customs regulations. The conducted research made it possible to formulate theoretical conclusions and basic practical provisions regarding appeal and review of court decisions of the courts of appeal in cases of violation of customs regulations, and to identify ways for further improvement of the national legal regulation in this area.
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Khalid, Zaher. "Part 2 National and Regional Reports, Part 2.1 Africa: Coordinated by Jan L Neels and Eesa A Fredericks, 16 Morocco: Moroccan Perspectives on the Hague Principles." In Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198840107.003.0016.

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This chapter examines Moroccan perspectives on the Hague Principles. In Morocco, the sources of private international law applicable to international commercial contracts are both of a national and an international nature. International sources include mainly treaties and, to a lesser extent, international customs to which the Moroccan courts may refer in particular cases. National sources are statutory law, case law, and scholarly writings. Case law has always played a vital role in the development and the interpretation of the rules applicable to international commercial contracts. It is indeed the role of the courts to determine the scope of law chosen by the parties and to delimit the boundaries of international public policy as a limit to the application of the law chosen by the parties. Moroccan courts consider international customs as important sources in respect of international contracts and arbitration. Having frequently used the universally accepted principles of private international law, Moroccan courts could easily draw on the Hague Principles to find solutions to certain questions that have not been addressed by the legislature.
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Conference papers on the topic "Customs courts"

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Pastório, André F., Fabio A. Spanhol, Leila D. Martins, and Edson T. de Camargo. "Avaliação do Impacto da Temperatura e Umidade em Sensores de Baixo Custo de Material Particulado." In Workshop de Computação Urbana. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/courb.2022.223506.

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Sensores de baixo custo de material particulado (MP-BC) vêm sendo estudados ao redor do mundo como alternativa viável às custosas estações de referência para monitoramento de qualidade do ar. Porém, sensores de MP-BC são imprecisos e sujeitos a incertezas, sofrendo com as condições do ambiente em que operam. Este trabalho analisa o impacto da temperatura e umidade em 5 sensores MP-BC durante um período de 4 meses. Os sensores MP-BC são comparados com um equipamento de referência visando propor uma metodologia para selecionar o sensor de MP-BC que comporá uma estação de baixo custo de qualidade do ar no contexto de cidades inteligentes. Resultados demostram que os sensores avaliados apresentam maior correlação com o equipamento de referência quando são retirados da amostra leituras em que temperatura e umidade são críticas.
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Vidmar, Doroteja, and Andreja Pucihar. "Uporaba IKT pri uvajanju strateških sprememb v poslovanje podjetij v Sloveniji." In Interdisciplinarity Counts. University of Maribor, University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2023.80.

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In recent years, businesses are facing a number of local and global challenges, resulting in rapid changes to legislation and customer requirements. To adapt to the tightening market demands and to secure an advantage over competitors, companies are increasingly choosing to implement strategic changes that aim to create added value also for the environment and society, not only to generate financial impacts. However, in today's business environment, which requires the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to ensure competitive advantage, it is imperative that the introduction of ICT and strategic business change are linked. This paper presents the current state and trends of digitalisation and strategic development in Slovenian businesses. The survey was conducted in small, medium-sized and large businesses in Slovenia.
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Zoran, Borič, and Senegačnik Marjan. "Upravljanje z okoljem in komuniciranje v malih podjetjih." In Interdisciplinarity Counts. University of Maribor, University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2023.11.

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Sustainable development in all organisations is a necessity of today and tomorrow. In this paper we aim to link the importance of sustainable development through the prism of environmental management in relation to communication and communication in small businesses. It is undoubtedly true that communication in small businesses, as in all other organisations, is linked to both the internal and external environment and thus also to the specificities of the stakeholders. In the internal environment, communication is primarily employee-centred, while the external environment offers a wider variety, from customers, suppliers, competitors, the local environment, etc. This paper will touch upon the importance of both environments from the point of view of the managerial position and from the point of view of the relationships that are formed in the communication process.
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Slusallek, Philipp, Peter Shirley, William Mark, Gordon Stoll, and Ingo Wald. "Custom hardware support for realtime ray tracing." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1198555.1198757.

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Galant, Adriana. "Exploring the Content of Sustainability Reports: What Social Information are Croatian Companies Disclosing." In Interdisciplinarity Counts. University of Maribor, University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2023.24.

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After the Nonfinancial reporting Directive (2014/95/EU) has come into force, the nonfinancial reporting (i.e. sustainability reporting) has gain more attention since it became mandatory for certain companies. Benefits of preparing sustainability report are numerous, mostly related to providing information about environmental and social impacts of companies to larger group o stakeholders. Considering the importance of disclosing social information, the main aim of this paper was to explore the sustainability reports of Croatian companies prepared using GRI Standard and to identify which social disclosures are included into sustainability reports, but also which ones are not. In order to do that, content analysis of 19 reporting companies has been conducted and so collected data have been analysed. Analysis has shown that majority of disclosed social information are related to employees issues, while at the same time disclosure of social issues related to customers and local communities are less represented in sustainability reports.
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Arifi, Mimoza, Violeta Cvetkoska, and Dimitar Jovevski. "What do Owners of SMEs Think about Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Their Operations? Evidence from North Macedonia." In Interdisciplinarity Counts. University of Maribor, University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2023.5.

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Small and medium-sized businesses can use big data analytics and artificial intelligence algorithms to fully realize the potential of big data, giving them a competitive edge. The discovered information from big data can serve as a recommendation for making better and faster decisions and creating values for those enterprises, such as higher profit, efficiency, productivity, customer, and employee satisfaction, etc. The aim of this paper is to investigate what owners of SMEs in a developing country consider about big data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) in their operations. The data is collected for the first time by using a semi-structured questionnaire distributed by email. For descriptive analytics, we use Power BI software, and we develop a logistic regression model to find the key influencers of AI and big data automated features that completely affect staffing levels. The obtained results are visualized and analyzed. The findings are beneficial for SMEs to invest in those technologies and in the staff's skills in these areas, as well as for the nation's economic policymakers to support and boost the use of those technologies by small and medium-sized businesses.
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Grober, Florian, Andreas Janßen, and Ferit Küçükay. "Customer-Focussed Automatic Test Course Design." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-dgt-007.

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Customer centricity gains increasing importance in vehicle development. With respect to durability testing and approval of prototypes, it causes the requirement for testing procedures which highly comply with the occurring loads during customer operation. In this manner, lightweight construction is enabled and considerable economic advantages are raised by avoiding oversizing as well as undersizing of components. As current state of the art, vehicle manufacturers use special test courses on proving grounds or public roads which must be endured damage-free by the vehicle prototype until a compulsory mileage is reached. Alternatively, the course's loads can be reproduced on a test rig to reduce the required test time. The definition of these test courses is based on long-standing experiences. According to new trends in the automotive sector, as for example electrification and shared mobility, it can be predicted that the customer loads will change in accelerating cycles. Correspondingly, these previous experiences cannot be used offhandedly for such new questions and existing test courses become invalid. To solve the described problem of inflexibility, this article presents a technology for automatic generation of appropriate test courses from customer field data. The developed algorithm transforms customer-oriented load spectra into a test course that reproduces the occurred loads as good as possible. For this purpose, digital map data is combined with measured track load data and consecutive road segments are assembled to a complete test course by heuristic methods. This resulting course requires a minimum driving distance and induces approximately the same loads as the destination load spectra derived from customer field data. The optimisation can be processed simultaneously for several different load channels. Via using automation and heuristics, a good performance arises and enables a fast as well as flexible generation of tailored test courses pursuant to current demands. In contrast to the inflexible test course concept used so far, the described technique represents a good improvement of customer-oriented testing methodology. Therefore, it provides a great novelty value. In the article, the process of an automatic test course design is demonstrated and validated by means of a real example, which shows the practical applicability. The latter is also proved by the fact that the described method has already been used successfully in the research and development of Volkswagen AG.
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Schuller, David, and Zdenka Videcka. "OPPORTUNITY MANAGEMENT - MINIMUM SEGMENTS VALUE METHOD BASED ON FUZZY CLUSTERING." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/s04.26.

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This paper deals with the use of fuzzy clustering techniques to effectively segment potential customers and existing customers in business opportunity management. Customer segmentation plays a key role in modern businesses, enabling personalized marketing and sales strategies. Traditional clustering methods often wrestle with uncertainty and overlapping customer data characteristics. In this article, we propose the use of fuzzy clustering algorithms to overcome these limitations and provide a more flexible and accurate approach to customer segmentation. The aim of the paper is to suggest a novel method for identification the optimual number of target segments within the business opportunity management. The initial part focuses on the benefits of implementing business opportunity management within the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. Implementation of this strategic tool brings a number of key benefits to businesses. The first is centralized data management, which allows to collect and organize all information about customers, potential customers and business opportunities in one place. This increases the enterprise efficiency and minimizes the risk of losing important information. Another benefit is better tracking of potential deals, which enables enterprises to better plan and manage the course of each business opportunity from initial contact with the consumers to its conclusion. The paper concludes with the proposed method to identify the optimal number of target segments of prospect and existing customer withing the opportunity management based on fuzzy clustering.
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Meyer, Michael, and Susanne Robra-Bissantz. "Smile through the Mask: Emotion Measurement for Stationary Retail." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.15.

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The global pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) changes the lives of many people all over the world. In the context of stationary retail, a strong change of customer behavior occurs as mandatory safety measures like wearing facemasks and distance regulations have come into place. The sales personnel’s ability to understand and react to customers’ emotions is critical for service interactions and the customers’ overall satisfaction. Unfortunately, facemasks make it difficult to recognize other’s emotions and may lead to misinterpretation and confusion. To address this problem, this paper proposes the design of self-assessment interfaces that offer the customer an easy way to enter their emotions. As part of a Design Science Research (DSR) project, we designed three interfaces and evaluated them over the course of a design cycle. The results indicate that it is possible to use self-assessment technology in stationary retail to measure customer emotions.
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Tonkonog, Victoriya. "TOPICAL ISSUES OF APPLICATION OF DISTANCE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SYSTEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-080.

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The modern system of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel of customs authorities is currently experiencing a period of organizational improvement and implementation of new modern forms of education, which include e-learning technologies. The article considers topical issues of application of remote educational technologies in vocational training, retraining and advanced training of personnel of customs bodies of the Russian Federation implemented by the Russian customs Academy. Studied the regulatory framework and analysis of the use of distance learning in the implementation of programs DPO officials of Novorossiysk customs. The analysis is based on statistics of activities of personnel service of the Novorossiysk customs for 2013-2015. The results of this analysis helped to identify the advantages of using remote technology in the implementation of programs of additional professional education. The expediency of introduction of distance educational technologies in the system of development of executives of customs bodies. However, in the process of implementation of distance learning courses and modules, a number of organizational issues associated with mental difficulties in the perception of training material and the inability of the organization of the process of self-education officials of the customs bodies, which, in turn, allows for continuous self-improvement aimed at helping the student technology rapid acquisition, processing of information and its practical application. Discussed in the article, the contradictions revealed in the course of the author's research has allowed the author to formulate ways to further improve educated of remote technologies in the educational process of officials of the customs bodies.
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Reports on the topic "Customs courts"

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Goldmark, Lara, and Gabriel Schor. Information Through Vouchers: What Next, After Paraguay? Inter-American Development Bank, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006797.

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A functional weakness of the training market is the extreme difficulty with which potential purchasers of "training" can gauge the quality of training programs in advance of payment. However, no training provider would allow a customer to delay payment of course fees until the course has been completed. In such a circumstance, upon completion of the course, the trainee has received what he wanted to acquire (knowledge and skills), and therefore has a strong incentive to refuse payment. An effective instrument would promote investment in the training market, and also reduce the information gap and improve quality control. This document analyzes the specific problems and pitfalls encountered by previous supply-oriented programs in Paraguay and describes a new approach to microenterprise training, which uses an information system associated with vouchers. The concluding section highlights the challenges still facing this approach, and touches on expectations for future program interventions.
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King and Jack. L51906 The Role of Redox and Corrosion Potentials in the Corrosion of Line Pipe Steel. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010374.

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A combined lab and field program has been performed to study the external corrosion behaviour of buried linepipe. The overall aim of the project was to attempt to correlate pipe damage with measurable soil properties, in particular the redox potential as measured by buried soil probes. The lab component of the project involved the measurement of weight-loss corrosion rates in three types of soil, under saturated and as-received moisture conditions, and under permanently aerobic, permanently anaerobic or cyclic anaerobic/aerobic redox conditions. The soil conditions and coupon corrosion potentials were monitored during the course of the tests. In the field component of the study, pipe-depth soil properties were monitored using permanent NOVAProbes to measure the redox potential, soil resistivity, pH and temperature. Daily readings were taken at some locations with the aid of a custom-designed datalogger. Corrosion information was obtained from buried weight-loss or electrochemical coupons, from pipe excavations or from data from repeat in-line inspection runs.
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Kramer, Chris, Emily Martin Fadrhonc, Charles Goldman, Steve Schiller, and Lisa Schwartz. Making It Count: Understanding the Value of Energy Efficiency Financing Programs Funded by Utility Customers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1331048.

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