Academic literature on the topic 'Customs unions. Africa, North Africa, North'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Customs unions. Africa, North Africa, North.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Customs unions. Africa, North Africa, North"
1
Gottschalk, Keith. "African Peacekeeping and African Integration: Current Challenges." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 4 (2020): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-4-678-686.
Full textAbstract:
Peacekeeping and economic union are the two most important dimensions of African integration. The first section of this article aims to analyse some current challenges to African peacekeeping, peacemaking, and African integration. The continuing Libyan civil war epitomizes the diplomatic stalemates and military stalemates which form the limits of current African peacekeeping. It exposes the North African Regional Capability and North African Standby Brigade as paper structures which do not exist operationally, and so limit the capacity of the African Union’s Peace and Security Council. The military intervention of states outside Africa can polarize conflicts and escalate civil wars. Africa’s colonial epoch serves as a warning of the potential dangers of foreign military bases in Africa. In parts of West Africa, states sub-contract peacemaking and anti-terrorist operations to unsupervised local militias, which are lawless at best, and commit ethnic killings at worst. African integration fares better in the economic dimension. The second section analyses African integration, with its focus on the most recent step of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which starts to lay the cornerstone envisaged four decades ago in the Lagos Plan of Action, and three decades ago in the Abuja Treaty for an African Economic Community. The historic track record of African continental organizations indicates that a decade will be a realistic minimum period for it to be substantially implemented. The Pan-African Payment and Settlement System will help operationalize the AfCFTA by lowering forex currency transaction charges. Severe difficulties can be predicted for future attempts to upgrade the AfCFTA into a continental customs union, and ultimately into a continental common market.
2
Muntschick, Johannes. "Regional Economic Integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): Analysing the Dynamics and Performance." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 2 (2020): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-2-333-346.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyses the dynamics and performance of regional economic integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It proposes an innovative theoretical approach to the analysis of regionalism that refers to cooperation theory and takes the impact of external actors explicitly into account. The motivation for this research stems from the observation of a new wave of regionalism in the Global South. Many of these new or reformed regional integration organisations (RIOs) comprise of developing countries, particularly in Africa. In contrast to expectations of most mainstream integration theories, new regionalisms in the Southern Hemisphere have come into existence and show considerable degrees of dynamics and institutional performance. However, there is evidence that regionalisms in the Global South are less stable than in the North and not always entirely under control of regional actors only. This puzzling observation, of which the SADC gives an example, has motivated research for this article. Its central aim is to explain the recent integration dynamics and performance of the organisation in its key policy area, namely the economy. By applying a situation-structural approach to analyse and explain the development of institutionalised regional integration, the author argues that patterns of strong and asymmetric interdependence between regional and extra-regional actors may have an ambivalent impact on the genuine structure of regional cooperation problems, institution-building and institutional performance. The article illustrates and explains this on the example of SADC’s key economic integration projects: the SADC Free Trade Area and the scheduled SADC Customs Union.
3
Che, Charles Fonchingong, and Marcellus Mbah. "Social Solidarity Economy and Village-centric Development in North-West Cameroon." International Journal of Community and Social Development 3, no. 2 (2021): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25166026211015474.
Full textAbstract:
Amidst shrinking budgets for community development in most of sub-Saharan Africa, the social solidarity economy is touted as a model in local development. This article situates solidarity initiatives and capability-focused outcomes that deliver enhanced livelihoods, social security and community development. The conceptual framing of social theory, social capital and social economy informs this case study with focus on the Ndong Awing Cultural and Development Association, North-West region, Cameroon. The analysis of semi-structured interviews and secondary sources suggests that solidarity networks such as njangis, cooperatives, quarter development unions and diaspora networks promote village-centric development. These overlapping networks generate scarce financial and human resources–essential packages for livelihoods and welfare. Emerging state policy is yet to calibrate these mechanisms of ground-up, mutual development drives. Galvanising these solidarity assets require meaningful co-productionand revamped state−community relations. This article offers a paradigm shift in how village groups mobilise income, capital and financing of village projects, nurtured through human development and agency.
4
Lopatin, Dmitry, and Evgeny Ryazantsev. "Russia against a background of encroachments on oil industry objects in the Middle East countries and North Africa." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, no. 4 (2020): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-4-103-113.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines issues of criminal manifestations in the field of oil infrastructure in the Middle East and North. Particular attention is paid to the study of historical and modern methods of crime committing, information concerning hierarchical schemes of criminal groups, the identity of the offender, corruption in government agencies, including customs services, as well as the huge economic loss suffered by a state and the world economy as a whole. Specific examples of law enforcement practice reflect the reasons that make it difficult to impose sanctions on offenders from international legislation and the practical use of preventive measures in the framework of the problems under study. On the basis of modern analytical materials made by foreign researchers, the paper summarizes government measures to counter illegal challenges, and a positive experience and strategies to prevent crime in this area. The final part of the article describes the variety and distinctive area specificity of criminal manifestations, as well as features similar in the method of crime committing and in the objects of encroachment.
5
Chepkwei, Ambrose Kipruto. "SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIC GROWTH, SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVE SOCIETY AND CREDIT UNION INDUSTRY: A GLOBAL OVERVIEW." Journal of Strategic Management 3, no. 1 (2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/jsm.345.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To ascertain the sustainable strategic growth Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies and Credit Unions Industry globallyMethodology: This is a secondary research based on review of existing available literature (from books, conference reports, websites and journals) in the area of Savings and Credit Cooperatives Societies and Credit Unions in various countries globally.Findings: The study found that number of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies/Credit Unions in Africa increased by 83.3%, while that of Asia increased by 78.0% between the periods 2007 and 2016 and the average industry growth for Africa and Asia was 33.2% and 42.3% respective. The number of Credit Union growth in Caribbean (-5.6%), Europe (-23.9%), Latin America (-4.5%), North America (-32.6%) and Oceania (-32.8%) registered number of Savings and Credit Cooperative Society/Credit Union growth decline between the periods 2007 and 2016. The global aggregate growth in the number of Savings and Credit Cooperative Society/Credit Unions between 2007 and 2016 was 46.0%.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Considerations for global Savings and Credit Cooperative and Credit Union growth are evaluated on the multiple dimensions of market, region diversity, technological innovation rate, and Savings and Credit Cooperative Society/Credit Union market trends. Growth is the most frequently used corporate strategy. It means increases sales, assets, net profits and a chance to take advantage of the experience curve.
6
Le Roux, Magdel. "In Search of the Origin of the Merchants of Sena." Religion and Theology 10, no. 1 (2003): 24–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430103x00150.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe oldest, recorded oral tradition ofthe Lemba of southern Africa, individually also known as mušavi (buyer/trader), nyakuwana (the man who finds the things which are bought), or mulungu ('white man' or 'the man from the North'), is that their Israelite ancestors came to Africa by boat as traders from a remote place called Sena on the 'other side' of the 'Phusela'. Some say they came through Egypt. From anthropological and archaeological evidence it has become clear that at a very early stage continuing influences between the Semitic world (Phoenician, Hebrew and Sabaean) and the eastern parts of Africa had a reciprocal impact. The Sabaean (Yemenite) colonies were established in Ethiopia very early. There seems to be a historical link between the Lemba and Yemen. Later documents (684-900 CE) (for example Arab and Portuguese) refer to 'Moorish' traders along the east coast of Africa who possessed notably Semitic characteristics without being clearly Muslim. It is not certain who those 'Moorish' people were, but their traditions and customs were reminiscent of those that we know today as Lemba. Numerous Lemba songs, recitations, prayers, praises, proverbs and customs bear witness to their traditions of origin and their trading skills. One advantage of dealing with a 'living source' is that the researcher can sometimes verify some of the information on traditions. A qualitative study of Lemba 'Israelite' culture underlies this article. Oral traditions do not provide us with chronology, and some cannot be verified. The oral traditions of the Lemba and historical, archaeological and genetic data suggest that the immigration of the Lemba to Africa as traders could have taken place before the Christian era, but probably before the 6th century CE. An oral tradition can survive many generations.
7
Silverstein, Paul. "The Cultivation of “Culture” in the Moroccan Amazigh Movement." Review of Middle East Studies 43, no. 2 (2009): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2151348100000628.
Full textAbstract:
In the opening sequence of a 2008 documentary, Ni Sauvage, Ni Barbare (Neither Savage Nor Barbaric), co-produced by Québecois and Moroccan television, the director Roger Cantin introduces his subjects over images of art, ritual, and nature that alternate between northern Canada and northern Africa: Fouad Lahbib is a painter from Morocco. He is Berber, he is Amazigh, he is an autochthon from North Africa. Florent Valiant is a singer from Quebec. He is Innu, he is Amerindian, he is an autochthon from North America. At first glance, they come from completely different cultures. Their ancestral lands are far apart, separated by an ocean; they don’t look at all alike. One people travels by rivers and through immense forests. The other lives with heat and drought. What do these two men, Fouad Lahbib and Florent Vallant, have in common? They belong to marginalized cultures whose extinction was precipitated, whose assimilation was desired, and whose language and customs were silenced. Were they really savages and barbarians? Or simply people who approach the world with a spirit of harmony, sharing, and solidarity? Meeting each other for the first time, Fouad Lahbib and Florent Vallant will learn with us how much all men are alike, wherever they may live.
8
Harrison, Simon J. "Skulls and Scientific Collecting in the Victorian Military: Keeping the Enemy Dead in British Frontier Warfare." Comparative Studies in Society and History 50, no. 1 (2008): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417508000133.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of colonial wars with indigenous peoples, especially in Africa and North America, a distinction seems to have arisen in Western military culture between ‘civilized’ and ‘savage’ enemies. The behavior of civilized enemies in battle appeared rational and constrained by rules. Savage enemies, on the other hand, evinced emotional and unregulated violence. Above all, they were distinguished by an excessive brutality they seemed to display towards their enemies in customs such as cannibalism and the taking of body parts as trophies (see, for example, Marks 1970: 246). In short, the differences between civilized people and savages in warfare were especially evident in their behavior toward enemy dead.
9
Saidova, Sayyora. "INTERPRETATION OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN MODERN POLITICAL THEORIES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSENSUS 3, no. 1 (2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0788-2020-3-10.
Full textAbstract:
In the Middle East, the processes for leadership among religious and democratic progress in North Africa require that the state pursue secular policy on a scientific and dialectical basis. Because religious beliefs have become so ingrained in secular life that it is difficult to separate them. Because in the traditions and customs of the people, in various ceremonies, there is a secular as well as a religious aspect. Even the former Soviet Constitution, based on atheism, could not separate them. Religious faith has lived in the human heart despite external prohibitions. National independence has given freedom to religious belief, which is now breathing freely in the barrel. The religious policy of our state strengthens and expands this process and guarantees it constitutionally.
10
AL-ARRAYED, SHAIKHA, and HANAN HAMAMY. "THE CHANGING PROFILE OF CONSANGUINITY RATES IN BAHRAIN, 1990–2009." Journal of Biosocial Science 44, no. 3 (2011): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932011000666.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryConsanguineous marriage is traditional and respected in most communities of North Africa, the Middle East and West Asia, including Bahrain, with intra-familial unions accounting for 20–50+% of all marriages. Significant secular changes in consanguinity rates have been reported in recent decades in different populations. Among parents of 14,237 newborns in Bahrain in 2008–2009, the total consanguinity and first cousin marriage rates over a period of four months in 2008 were 10.9% and 6.9% respectively, while during all of 2009 the rates were 11.4% and 6.8% respectively. The study confirms that over a ten-year period first cousin marriage rates in Bahrain have declined from 24% to nearly 7%. Although advice against cousin marriages was not attempted at any stage in the comprehensive community genetics programmes in Bahrain, increasing the literacy of the public and of the health care providers on prevention strategies for genetic diseases could have contributed to this decline in consanguinity rate in Bahrain.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Customs unions. Africa, North Africa, North"
1
De, Marre Martine Elizabeth Agnès. "The role and position of women in Roman North African Society." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/745.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I have endeavoured to throw light on both the private and public aspect of the lives of women
living in the Roman African provinces from the first century BC to the seventh century AD. Funerary
inscriptions reveal that the role of women in private life was projected in a manner which reflected the ideals
for Roman womanhood (pudicitia, castilas,fides and fecunditas), even when they clearly came of Afro~Punic
stock. In terms of the quality of their lives Roman African women of the propertied status groups (about whom
we know the most) had a good standard of living compared to other parts of the Roman Empire, and for example
were well~educated in the urbanized areas compared to provinces such as Gaul. Roman African women of the
elite also enjoyed a degree of autonomy enhanced by the increased financial independence granted to them in
terms of Roman law, which enabled them to function as benefactors in their communities in the same way as
their male counterparts, donating money for temples, baths and markets. In return for this they were duly
recognized in honorary inscriptions by their communities. Although this public role may appear to be in conflict
with the 'ideal' domestic or private role of the Roman matron, this activity was sanctioned by the fact that they
were acting in the interests of male family members who were engaged in municipal careers. In the 2nd and 3rd
centuries there are a few signs that women were beginning to act more in their own interests, but much of their
public role faded with the increasing dominance of the Christian Church which prescribed a more limited role
for women. The only exceptions occurred in the times of persecution through the temporary prominence gained
by women as martyrs and confessors, although this prominence cannot be said to have advantaged women in
general. During the Vandal and Byzantine period we know of only a few women, primarily those with
connections to the elite at Rome and Constantinople, who acted with the independence and authority of their class.<br>History<br>D.Litt. et Phil. (Ancient History)
2
Green, Dawn. "Engendering the rock art archaeology of the north Eastern Cape, South Africa Ritual specialists, novices, and social conditioning." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26531.
Full textAbstract:
Abstracts in English, Zulu and Xhosa<br>Rock art affords unique opportunities for engendered research because it provides emic views of how specific people re-presented themselves. My feminist study investigates under-researched ‘San/Bushman’ gendered identities to understand more about area-specific constructions of personhood through analysing 2852 rock paintings from two adjacent areas of the northern Eastern Cape, South Africa. Using quantitative and qualitative methods and evidence from excavation archaeology, ethnography, ethology, and neurocognitive research, I identify three categories of ritual specialists: experienced and preeminent; ordinary; and novice. These paintings show that wo/men ritual specialists could transcend the identity norms of ordinary people, but men ritual specialists may have had more status and power. I suggest the paintings acted as a controlling mechanism for the potency of women, indoctrination of novices, and present an ideal for the practice of ritual specialists and ordinary people. This research has important implications for identifying different types of identity marking by different groups of southern African San.<br>Bonono ba majwe bo fana ka menyetla e ikgethang bakeng sa dipatlisiso tse fokolang hobane e fana ka ditjhebo tsa bonnete tsa hore na batho ba itseng ba ne ba itlhahisa jwang. Boithuto ba ka ba tsa bosadi bo fuputsa boitsebiso ba batho ba maSan/Busumane bo so kang bo batlisiswa haholo ele ho utlwisisa haholwanyane ka dikaho tsa dibaka tse ikgethileng tsa botho ka ho manolla metako ya pente e 2852 e tswang dibakeng tse pedi tse bapileng tsa borwa ho Kapa Botjhabela, Afrika Borwa. Ka tshebediso ya mekgwa ya bongata le boleng le bopaki ho tswa ho dipatlisiso tsa excavation archaeology, ethnography, ethology, le tsa neurocognitive, ke hlwaya mekgahlelo e meraro ya ditsebi tsa mekete ya meetlo: ba nang boiphihlello le ba hlahelletseng ka mahetla; ba tlwaelehileng; le bomaithutwana. Metako ena ya pente e bontsha hore ditsebi tsa basadi tsa mekete ya meetlo di ne di kgona ho tlola ditlwaelo tsa boitsebiso tsa batho ba tlwaelehileng, empa ditsebi tsa banna tsa mekete ya meetlo di ka di ne le di na le maemo le matla a fetang. Ke sisinya hore metako e ne e sebetsa jwalo ka mokgwa wa ho laola bakeng sa matla a basadi, thuto ya bomaithutwane, le ho hlahisa se lokelang ho ba sona bakeng sa tshebetso ya ditsebi tsa meetlo le batho ba tlwaelehileng. Patlisiso ena e na le bohlokwa bakeng sa ho hlwaya mefuta e fapaneng ya matshwao ba boitsebiso a dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa maSan a Afrika e borwa.<br>Imizobo esematyeni inika amathuba akhethekileyo ophando lweemeko ezingqonge isini ngoba le mizobo ibonisa indlela abaziveza ngayo abantu abathile ngokwenkcubeko yabo. Isifundo sam ngobufazi siphanda ngohlanga lwama ‘San/Bushman’ okanye Amaqhakancu/abaThwa nekuphandwe kancinci ngabo, injongo ikukuqonda ubume bobuntu babo kwiindawo ngeendawo. Olu phando lwenziwe ngokuhlalutya imizobo esematyeni engama-2852 ekwiingingqi ezimbini eziseMntla-Mpuma Koloni, eMzantsi Afrika. Ngokusebenzisa uphando olusekelwe kubungqina bamanani nobusekelwe kwiingxoxo nokuzathuza kwanobungqina obuvezwe zizinto ezigronjwe/ezigrunjwe kwiziza zakudaladala, obuvezwe kwiinkcazelo zenkcubeko yabantu abahlukeneyo, obuvezwe kwiinkcazelo zoluntu xa lujongwe ngokwenkalo yendalo (i-itholoji) nobuvezwe kwizifundo zokuqiqa nokusebenza kwengqondo, ndiphawule iindidi ezintathu zeengcali zezithethe: abanamava nolwazi olubalaseleyo; abanolwazi oluqhelekileyo; abangenalwazi kangako. Le mizobo ibonisa ukuba iingcali zezithethe zamadoda nezabafazi zinakho ukubona ngaphaya kwendlela ababona ngayo abantu jikelele, kodwa kusengenzeka ukuba iingcali zezithethe zamadoda zazinewonga negunya elithe chatha. Ndibona ukuba imizobo yayisebenza njengesixhobo sokulawula amandla neziphiwo zabafazi, ukuqweqwedisa iingcinga zabangenalwazi luthe vetshe, nokuvelisa okulindelekileyo kwindlela yokusebenza kweengcali zezithethe nabantu jikelele. Olu phando lubalulekile ekunakaneni iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuphawula ubuyena bamaqela ahlukeneyo ohlanga lwamaSan/ Amaqhakancu aseAfrika.<br>M.A. (Archaeology)
3
Kramerová, Martina. "Pohřební stavby vybraných kmenů severní Afriky v časovém horizontu 4.st.př.Kr. až 5.st.n.l." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305789.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis examines the burial architecture of selected Berber tribes of Northern Africa, namely the Garamantian and Numidian ones, within a period from 4th century B. C. to 5th century A. D. First, the Garamantian tribe and its history is introduced. Afterwards I focus on garamantian burial customes and architecture. Further I describe each types of tombs and individual monuments , thein proportions and decoration. The other important part is devoted to the Numidian tribe. Again, its history, types of burial structures and individual important monuments are described in detail. In this diploma thesis there is also a mention about tribes and monuments which influenced funeral structures and architecture of tribes in North Africa and also about buildings which were the models for these tombs. Keywords architecture, burial customs, Berbers, north Africa, tombs
4
Matsie, Papa Andries. "Disciplinary process of the South African Police Service : perceptions and preferences of members in the North Rand area of the Gauteng province." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1169.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation deals with the disciplinary process of the South African Police Service - perceptions and preferences of members in the North Rand area of the Gauteng Province. A research question " How members of the SAPS in the North Rand area of the Gauteng Province perceive the disciplinary process" is investigated in this study. The researcher has conducted a quantitative research in the North Rand area of the Gauteng Province using questionnaires and literature study as the research method.
The answer to the research question in this study is that members of the SAPS have a negative attitude towards the disciplinary process of the SAPS. There is also uncertainty about the duties of certain role players during the disciplinary process.<br>Public Administration<br>M.A. (Public Administration)
Books on the topic "Customs unions. Africa, North Africa, North"
2
Webber, Sabra Jean. Romancing the real: Folklore and ethnographic representation in North Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.
Find full text
4
The dancing dead: Ritual and religion among the Kapsiki/Higi of north Cameroon and northeastern Nigeria. Oxford University Press, 2012.
Find full text
5
Robana, Zakia. The traditional women in the Mediterranean island of Djerba (North Africa): A narrative anthropology. Edwin Mellen Press, 2010.
Find full text
6
Kathy, Thomas, ed. Dust in my coffee: A family called North End remembers. Iqula Pub., 2008.
Find full text
7
Angela, Fisher, and Hancock Graham, eds. African ark: Peoples of the Horn. Harvill Press, 1996.
Find full text
8
Angela, Fisher, and Hancock Graham, eds. African ark: People and ancient cultures of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa. H.N. Abrams, 1990.
Find full text
10
Winget, Mary. Cooking the North African way: Culturally authentic foods including low-fat and vegetarian recipes. Lerner Publications Co., 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Customs unions. Africa, North Africa, North"
1
Alzouma, Gado. "Unions and civil society organizations in the struggle for political emancipation in Niger." In The Power of Civil Society in the Middle East and North Africa. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265006-7.
Full text
2
Buehler, Matt. "Labor Protest in Morocco." In Social Currents in North Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876036.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter is divided into four sections that outline the origins of Morocco’s labor unions and detail their involvement in the country’s uprisings of 2011. First, the chapter surveys the historical foundations of labor unions in Morocco, focusing on the colonial and postcolonial periods. This early history demonstrates that Morocco’s unions have a history of inciting violence to advance their agenda, especially in urban areas, which have historically served as centers of opposition to the monarchy. Second, the chapter sets the baseline to show that, like in Tunisia and Egypt, the period preceding the Arab Spring was marked by increased labor unrest in Morocco. Third, it examines union mobilization during the height of popular protests against Morocco’s regime, from February 2011 to June 2011. Finally, the chapter closes by discussing what demands the unions secured from their activism and reviews the key implications from the political historical narrative. The empirical record bears out the argument that labor unions used unrest connected to Morocco’s “Arab Spring” to realize some of their core material demands.
3
Deeb, Mary-Jane. "Unions, Federations, and Mergers, 1970–1973." In Libya's Foreign Policy in North Africa. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429040689-4.
Full text
4
Al-Dahdah, Edouard, Cristina Corduneanu-Huci, Gael Raballand, Myriam Ababsa, and Ernest Sergenti. "Discretion and Good Practice: Enforcing Customs Regulations in Tunisia." In Rules on Paper, Rules in Practice: Enforcing Laws and Policies in the Middle East and North Africa. The World Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0886-9_ch4.
Full text
5
Blau, Joshua. "‘At Our Place in al-Andalus’, ‘At Our Place in the Maghreb’." In Perspectives on Maimonides. Liverpool University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9780197100714.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter highlights how Maimonides frequently speaks of customs and expressions used ‘at our place’, often being more explicit and speaking of ‘at our place in al-Andalus’, or usually, ‘at our place in the Maghreb’. A. Geiger, the first to deal with these expressions, considered them always to refer to Maimonides’ actual place of abode: when in Spain, he wrote ‘at our place in al-Andulus’, whereas when in North-west Africa he used ‘at our place in the Maghreb’. The chapter suggests that in using ‘at our place’ and even ‘at our place in the Maghreb’, Maimonides invariably referred to his place of origin, Spain. Thus, Maghreb, in the usage of Maimonides, may have been applied in both a restricted and in a broad sense. In the restricted sense, it denotes North-west Africa, perhaps even in contrast to Spain; in the broad sense, it includes Spain. It is always in the broad sense that Maghreb is used whenever Maimonides speaks of ‘at our place in the Maghreb’. This is demonstrated by the fact that when speaking of Maghrebian customs, for example, Maimonides cites Spanish sages as practising them; or, likewise, by his adducing as Maghrebian expressions which are known from other sources as Spanish Arabic.