Journal articles: 'Cut flower industry, Rwanda'

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Haydu, John J., Alan W. Hodges, and Diego Montenegro. "Bolivia's Emerging Cut-flower Industry: A Performance Assessment." HortScience 27, no. 12 (December 1992): 1319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.12.1319.

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Cut-flower production in Bolivia is a growing economic activity with sales increasing > 10-fold in the past 6 years. In spite of this growth, Bolivian producers face considerable financial difficulties. Two distinct patterns emerged from this study. Small and medium growers experienced lower costs than larger producers, but the prices they received were also lower. Large operators received twice the small producer price for their flowers, but this gain was offset by the higher costs they had incurred. In the long term, neither selling too low nor operating at costs too high is a sustainable practice.

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Yakandawala, K. "Strategic analysis for the aquatic cut flower industry." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1131 (December 2016): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1131.14.

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Ozkan, Burhan, Robin G. Brumfield, and Osman Karaguzel. "A Profile of Turkish Export Cut-flower Growers." HortTechnology 13, no. 2 (January 2003): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.2.0368.

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Turkish cut-flower exports grew from about $100,000 in 1985 to $11 million in 1995 (not adjusted for inflation). Since this is a growing industry in Turkey, we wanted to examine the production structure and main problems of export-oriented contract growers. We surveyed 33 cut-flower export growers and 30 contract growers between May and July 1997. We conducted the survey in the Antalya province, which is the center of the export-oriented cut-flower production in Turkey. The results indicate that cut-flower companies were not highly mechanized, but did use computerized accounting systems. Transportation of cut flowers to foreign markets was the largest expense item in the cut-flower industry. Despite a high rate of unemployment, cut-flower companies face difficulties in obtaining and keeping qualified employees. Managers tended not to use specific performance indicators such as sales per employee or sales per square foot relevant to the cut-flower industry. The most common method for arranging cut-flower export sales was personal contact with the importers. Contracts between firms which grew and exported flowers and smaller contract growers were common, but some problems existed concerning quality and financial obligations. Growers are using fewer commission contracts and are instead opting to sell on a fixed-price basis. The main concerns raised by managers were related to increased competition, price-cutting, transportation expenses for export, training, and labor supply.

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Brumfield, Robin G., Burhan Ozkan, and Osman Karagüzel. "Contract Growing for the Export-oriented Cut Flowers Industry in Turkey." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 531a—531. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.531a.

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Thirty cut flower businesses were surveyed in 1997 to examine the production structure and main problems of export-oriented contract growing in Turkey. The survey was conducted in Antalya province, which is the center of export-oriented cut flower production in Turkey. The results of the research provided insight into how Turkish cut flower-contracted growers were managing some of the key areas of their operations. The study also provided the opportunity for growers to highlight their concerns about contract growing for export-oriented cut flower production. The survey showed that contract growers do not use specific performance indicators relevant to cut flower production. The product price received by the contract growers was determined by the export companies. These export companies receive flowers from growers mainly on consignment. After exporting the products, exporters periodically pay the grower, subtracting a commission for their services and other marketing expenses. Contract growers are essentially price takers in the transactions. The business procedure from production to price setting and marketing was not in the hands of the contract growers. Therefore, the trading risks are essentially borne by the contract growers. The main concerns raised by contract growers were the current consignment system, cost of the plant materials, and the late payment for the sold products.

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Hack, M. D. "THE COMPETITIVENESS MONITOR APPLIED ON THE CUT FLOWER INDUSTRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 524 (March 2000): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.524.19.

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Hew, C. S., and P. E. Clifford. "Plant growth regulators and the orchid cut-flower industry." Plant Growth Regulation 13, no. 3 (October 1993): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00024843.

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Hew, C. S. "Orchid cut flower production in Singapore and neighbouring countries." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 609c—609. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.609c.

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Orchid cut flower industry has contributed substantially to the economy of Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and other Asean countries. Singapore exports US$13 million dollar worth of orchid cut flower in 1990 and Thailand's export was at least 3 to 4 times higher. Germany and Japan are the major markets for tropical orchid cut flowers. Economically important orchid genera are Aranda, Dendrobium, Mokara, Oncidium and Vanda. This paper will review the agronomic practices in orchid cultivation, the current status and development of orchid industry and the research and development made towards the improvement of the orchid industry in Asean countries.

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Dole, John M., and Michael A. Schnelle. "A Comparison of Attitudes and Practices among Sectors of the Oklahoma Floriculture Industry." HortTechnology 3, no. 3 (July 1993): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.3.3.343.

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Oklahoma floriculture producers, ornamental-horticulture retailers, mass-market retailers, and cut-flower wholesalers were surveyed to compare and contrast the industry in terms of attitudes towards their products and problems. Overall, attitudes of all four segments of the industry were neutral to negative on potted flowering plants, but were positive to neutral on bedding and foliage plants. However, producers were slightly negative concerning the postharvest life of bedding plants. While cut-flower wholesalers had a positive attitude concerning cut flowers, ornamental-horticulture retailers and mass-marketers tended to be neutral to negative. In particular, retailers and mass-marketers believed that cut flowers were too expensive and too short-lived. Floral preservatives were used by 82% of ornamental-horticulture retailers, while only 19% of mass-market retailers used preservatives. All cut-flower wholesalers used preservatives. Capital availability and market demand were the factors most limiting expansion for producers and ornamental-horticulture retailers; whereas mass-market firms listed competition as their most limiting factor.

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Dole, John M., and Michael A. Schnelle. "A COMPARISON OF ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES AMONG SECTORS OF THE FLORICULTURAL INDUSTRY." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 659a—659. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.659a.

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Floricultural producers, cut flower wholesalers, mass market retailers and general retailers were surveyed to compare and contrast the industry in terms of attitudes and problems. Questions involved general business information, as well as specific crops. Overall, all four segments of the industry were neutral to negative on potted flowering plants, but were positive to neutral on bedding and foliage plants. However, producers were slightly negative concerning the postharvest life of bedding plants. While cut flower wholesalers had a positive attitude concerning cut flowers, retailers and mass marketers tended to be neutral to negative. In particular, retailers and mass marketers felt cut flowers were too expensive and too short lived. Floral preservatives were used by 81.6% of general retailers, while only 18.8% of mass market retailers used preservatives. All cut flower wholesalers used preservatives. Capital availability and market demand were the factors most limiting to expansion for producers and general retailers; mass market firms listed competition as their most limiting factor. Results from other questions will also be provided.

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Nguyen, Christine, Alejandro Toriello, Maged Dessouky, and James E. Moore. "Evaluation of Transportation Practices in the California Cut Flower Industry." Interfaces 43, no. 2 (April 2013): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.1120.0654.

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Riisgaard, Lone. "Towards more stringent sustainability standards? Trends in the cut flower industry." Review of African Political Economy 38, no. 129 (September 2011): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2011.598344.

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Hodges, Laurie. "Bleeding Heart: A Review for Growers." HortTechnology 22, no. 4 (August 2012): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.4.517.

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A favorite garden flower for centuries, bleeding heart or old-fashioned bleeding heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis) is also used as a potted plant and in floral arrangements. Most general gardening guides include information on growing conditions but provide few specifics regarding plant growth and development that are important to those interested in commercial cultivation and use in the floral industry. Although uncommon in the U.S. floral industry, the plant is adaptable for use as a flowering potted plant and as cut floral stems with potential for year-around availability. This report provides detailed cultural information for this audience with an overview of the history of the species and its unique characteristics. Despite the popularity of the spectacular flower and plant form, until 1997 it was only available in the common pink and white form or a pure white form and exhibited little phenotypic variability. Three new cultivars, Goldheart, Valentine, and Hordival, are now available with distinctive foliage and flower colors. These new cultivars are poised to create much interest among gardeners and cut flower growers. The history, culture, propagation, forced flowering, use as a cut flower, pest management, and pharmacological potential are presented.

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Melese, Ayelech Tiruwha, and A. H. J. (Bert) Helmsing. "Endogenisation or enclave formation? The development of the Ethiopian cut flower industry." Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 1 (February 3, 2010): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x09990218.

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ABSTRACTThis paper examines the evolution of the Ethiopian cut flower industry, illustrating how rapidly a potential comparative advantage can be realised. But the question is to what extent a country benefits from this in the long run, if foreign direct investment is the principal driving force. Will the new industry become an enclave, or will it be accompanied by a process of building local capabilities, a process which we denominate endogenisation? A value chain framework is used to analyse the industry and to develop a number of indicators on the development direction. The cut flower industry in Ethiopia is characterised by a dominant role of Dutch foreign investors, Dutch trade auctions which dominate the export trade, and the Dutch development cooperation which plays an important role in the development of the sector. This raises the question to what extent this triple role of the Dutch contributes to endogenisation or to enclave formation.We conclude that endogenisation is a two-way process. It depends both on the degree to which FDI has an interest to draw on domestic firms, enter into relationships and share technologies; and on the interest and ability of domestic firms to take up such opportunities, and on the creation of supporting institutions and infrastructures to make this take-up possible. The latter rests largely with government. Endogenisation is taking place to some extent and at a very incipient stage. Dutch FDI has little direct interest to share technologies, but there is joint collective action on non-core activities, notably transport, which constitutes the largest item in the total cost. Dutch cooperative flower auctions are an open and vital trade channel giving Ethiopian flower growers access to international markets. The Ethiopian government has promoted the industry, making available land and low cost finance; and with the assistance of Dutch bilateral cooperation it is creating trade standards and supporting knowledge institutions to train skilled staff. The main challenge is Ethiopian entrepreneurship: many are attracted by the high growth and profitability of the industry and can run a business in Ethiopia, but lack the technical competence to meet growing competition in the industry.

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Shafique, Muhammad Umair, Adnan Younis, Muhammad Asif, Ahsan Akram, Tahira Naseem, Usman Tariq, Muhammad Ahsan, Nasir Ahmad Khan, and Muhammad Nadeem. "POST-HARVEST IMPACT OF PACKAGING MATERIAL AND STORAGE DURATION ON CUT Narcissus tazetta." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 20, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.3.9.

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Narcissus, belonging to Amaryllidaceae family, is one of the emerging cut flower in ornamental industry. Appropriate cut flower packaging for ideal time period provides potential benefit of improving their post-harvest quality of flower. Current research was conducted with an objective to find out best suitable packaging materials and optimum storage duration for cut flowers of narcissus. Narcissus postharvest features were analyzed statistically and results showed significant difference among the treatments with respect to packaging material as well as storage duration. In our findings, polyethylene sleeve showed best results in most of postharvest parameters (vase life, total life, dry weight, and change in fresh weight). In our results, 2 hours duration of storage significantly improved the post-harvest parameters of cut Narcissus. Vase life, fresh and dry weight of flower obtained maximum value in two hours storage duration. It was interesting to note that as storage duration increased, post-harvest characters reduced. In conclusion, postharvest quality of cut Narcissus can be improved significantly by using suitable packaging material and optimizing storage duration.

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Friedemann-Sánchez, Greta. "ASSETS IN INTRAHOUSEHOLD BARGAINING AMONG WOMEN WORKERS IN COLOMBIA'S CUT-FLOWER INDUSTRY." Feminist Economics 12, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545700500508551.

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Darras, Anastasios. "Overview of the Dynamic Role of Specialty Cut Flowers in the International Cut Flower Market." Horticulturae 7, no. 3 (March 14, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030051.

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The global cut flower industry has faced serious challenges over the years, but still remains an important sector of agriculture. Floriculture businesses seek new, innovative trends and niches to help increase product sales. Specialty cut flower (SCF) production has increased in the past 20 years in the US, Australia, Africa, and Europe. SCF production and sales could increase further if these new products were supported by dynamic marketing campaigns that focus on their strengths compared to the traditional cut flowers (TCF) such as roses, carnations, gerberas, and chrysanthemums. The major strength of SCF is the eco-friendly profile, which is associated to low CO2 footprints and environmental outputs. This contrasts TCF cultivation, which is associated to high energy inputs, especially at the traditional production centres (e.g., The Netherlands). It is suggested that environmental legislations, production costs, and customer demand for eco-friendly products will positively affect future SCF cultivation and sale.

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Munyuli, Bin Mushambanyi Théodore. "Is Cut-Flower Industry Promotion by the Government Negatively Affecting Pollinator Biodiversity and Environmental/Human Health in Uganda?" ISRN Biodiversity 2014 (March 16, 2014): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/368953.

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A study was conducted from 2010 to 2012 around the flower growing areas in central Uganda to generate baseline information on the status of pollinators. Primary data were gathered using a questionnaire that aimed at determining farmers and flower farm officials’ perceptions on the impact of activities carried out inside greenhouses on pollinators, human health, and on crop production in the surroundings. Results indicated that the quantity of pesticides and fertilizers applied daily varied among the different flower farms visited. Bee species richness and abundance varied significantly (P<0.01) according to flower farm location, to the landscape vegetation type, and to field types found in the surrounding of flower farms. Bee richness found around flower farms varied in number from 20 to 40 species in total across seasons and years. Bee density increased significantly with the increase in flower density. Small-scale farmers were aware of the value and importance of pollination services in their farming business. There was no clear evidence of a direct effect of agrochemicals application on bee communities living in the surrounding habitats. There is a need for further research to be conducted on human health risks and for toxicological studies on soils, plants, flowers, and bees in the farm landscape.

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Loyola, Cristian E., John M. Dole, and Rebecca Dunning. "South and Central America Cut Flower Production and Postharvest Survey." HortTechnology 29, no. 6 (December 2019): 898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04484-19.

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Imports of cut flowers into the United States have doubled in the last 20 years and come mainly from Colombia and Ecuador. We surveyed the cut flower industry in South and Central America, focusing on Colombia and Ecuador, to determine their production and postharvest problems. We received a total of 51 responses, of which 62% of the respondents had 100 or more employees. The most commonly grown or handled crops were rose (Rosa hybrids), carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum ×grandiflorum), alstroemeria (Alstroemeria cultivars), gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), and hydrangea (Hydrangea species), in order of ranking. The most significant production problem was insect management, with disease management and crop timing the next most important issues. The most important species-specific issues in production were phytosanitary problems, disease (causal organism not specified), leaf miner (Lepidoptera, Symphyta, or Diptera), and thrips (Thysanoptera). The main overall postharvest problem was temperature management, followed by hydration and flower food management and botrytis (Botrytis cinerea). In regard to on-farm postharvest handling, damage to the flowers was the most mentioned issue. For the postharvest during storage and transport phase, temperature management, air transport, damage, and botrytis were the most important problems. The most mentioned customer complaints were damage, botrytis, and phytosanitary problems. The results of this survey can be used by researchers to focus their work on topics of most need. Improved production and postharvest handling will support the continued growth of the cut flower industry.

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Ahmad, Iftikhar, John M. Dole, M. Aslam Khan, M. Qasim, Tanveer Ahmad, and A. S. Khan. "Present Status and Future Prospects of Cut Rose Production in Punjab, Pakistan." HortTechnology 20, no. 6 (December 2010): 1010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.6.1010.

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Present status and future prospects of cut rose (Rosa ×hybrida) flower production and postharvest management in Punjab, Pakistan, were investigated. Cut roses were the leading flower crop in the area under study, but production systems and practices were outdated and primitive, resulting in cut stems that were not acceptable in international markets. The majority of growers (65%) had only basic education (grade 10 or less) and 57% had small landholdings (<1 ha); therefore, they did not have modern production techniques and resources for high-quality cut rose production. Moreover, lack of production and postharvest facilities, ignorance of both public and private resources, and poor production and postharvest practices were prevalent. Growers' training regarding production and postharvest management would be required to lift the quality standards of this industry up to the international level. However, a positive trend was observed in cut rose businesses as more than half of growers (52%) entered into the business during last 5 years. In addition, 30% of growers were in business over 10 years, indicating that cut rose production can provide a sustained income for producers. This analysis of the cut rose industry in Punjab can serve as a model for other countries whose cut flowers industries are at a similar stage of development.

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Kuiper, Gerda, and Andreas Gemählich. "Sustainability and Depoliticisation: Certifications in the Cut-Flower Industry at Lake Naivasha, Kenya." Africa Spectrum 52, no. 3 (December 2017): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971705200302.

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This article focuses on the emergence of certification schemes in the cut-flower industry in Naivasha, Kenya. It is shown that, although this turn is often legitimised through references to “sustainability,” the change was mainly brought about by the growing importance of a new value chain of “direct sales.” The article furthermore elaborates on the most well-known certificate in Naivasha, Fairtrade. This certificate aims to enhance sustainability by empowering workers, yet it does not profoundly change power relations within the industry. The article concludes that “sustainability” in the context of Naivasha has been an ill-defined concept, used to legitimise a turn to certifications. Rather than bringing about a profound transformation of the production process, these certifications obscure and even consolidate the existing socio-economic configuration of the industry. Certifications thus run the risk of having “depoliticising” effects.

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Handal, A. J., and S. D. Harlow. "Employment in the Ecuadorian Cut-Flower Industry and the Risk of Pregnancy Loss." Epidemiology 18, Suppl (September 2007): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000276567.47173.97.

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Sanmiguel-Valderrama, Olga. "The Feminization and Racialization of Labour in the Colombian Fresh-cut Flower Industry." Journal of Developing Societies 23, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x0602300205.

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Crowell, Andrea, and Steven E. Newman. "203 Selection Strategies for Selecting Alternative Cut Flowers for Greenhouse Production." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 477A—477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.477a.

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The cut-flower industry is continually searching for unique products to introduce to the floral industry. Our objective was to select potential species for trial as new greenhouse-grown alternative cut flowers. Hardy perennials from the Rock/Alpine Garden at the Denver Botanical Garden served as the selection pool. Plants in this collection were fitting due to their durability in Colorado conditions and their rugged unique beauty. Several trial cuts of potential species were taken, and the flowers were evaluated for flower size, stem length, stem strength, foliage, vase life, usefulness, and general aesthetic quality. Next, an informal survey of growers, retailers, researchers, and consumers was taken to determine which flowers had already been seen on the market and which flowers would be potentially successful in the trade. After assimilating the information, the following six species were selected for trial future greenhouse production: Anthyllis vulneraria, Dianthus giganteus, Diascia integerrima, Echium lusitanium, Heuchera sanguinea `Bressingham Hybrids', and Trollius yunnanensis.

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de Beer, Josef, and Neal Petersen. "Post-Harvest Physiology of Cut Flowers: A Problem-Based, Cooperative Learning Activity for the Biology Classroom." American Biology Teacher 79, no. 7 (September 1, 2017): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2017.79.7.578.

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This article describes a problem-based, cooperative learning activity, where students investigate the role of ethylene in flower senescence. The cooperative learning activity is contextualized in an authentic problem experienced in the cut flower industry: how can the shelf life of cut flowers be prolonged? We describe the procedure for conducting the experiment and show the affectiveness of contextualized science that includes indigenous knowledge—an approach that Gibbons calls “mode 2 knowledge production.” In addition we also give suggestions on how this type of problem-based, cooperative teaching-learning activity can be used in a school biology classroom.

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Loyola, Cristian E., John M. Dole, and Rebecca Dunning. "North American Specialty Cut Flower Production and Postharvest Survey." HortTechnology 29, no. 3 (June 2019): 338–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04270-19.

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In the United States and Canada, there has been an increase in the demand for local specialty cut flowers and a corresponding increase in production. To assess the needs of the industry, we electronically surveyed 1098 cut flower producers and handlers in the United States and Canada regarding their current cut flower production and postharvest problems, and customer issues. We received a total of 210 responses, resulting in a 19% response rate. The results showed that the main production problem was insect management; crop timing was the second most important problem and disease management was the third. Crop timing encompasses a range of related issues such as determining the correct harvest stage, harvest windows that are too short, flowering all at once, or lack of control when the crop is ready to harvest. The main postharvest problems were temperature management, hydration, and flower food management. Timing and stem length were the two most mentioned species-specific production issues, with each one listed by 10% or more of the respondents for eight of the total 31 species. Regarding on-farm postharvest handling, hydration and vase life were the two most mentioned issues; they were reported for five and three species, respectively. For postharvest during storage and transport, damage and hydration were the most common issues; these were listed for three species each. The most commonly mentioned customer complaints were vase life and shattering, which were reported for six and two species, respectively. These results will allow researchers and businesses to focus on the major cut flower production and postharvest issues and on crops that are most in need of improvement in North America.

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Mackay, Wayne A., and Tim D. Davis. "Breeding of Lupinus harvardii as a Specialty Cut Flower Crop." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 694c—694. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.694c.

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The Big Bend bluebonnet, Lupinus havardii Wats., is a showy winter annual native to a narrow geographical range in southwestern Texas with blue, fragrant 0.5–1.0-m-long racemes. The L. havardii raceme has considerable potential in the floral industry, because there is a need for high-quality, durable, raceme-type cut flowers. We began a research and breeding project in 1991 aimed at evaluating the potential for this species as a specialty cut flower. Breeding strategies included the development of selfed populations as well as random pollinations among selected individuals with the aim of improving flower color, uniformity, yield, and postharvest performance. Recurrent phenotypic selection has resulted in the development of blue, pink, and white color lines. Concurrently with the breeding efforts, research on seed germination, greenhouse culture for year-round production, postharvest handling, and shipping requirements have been conducted. Trials have indicated that L. havardii is adaptable to greenhouse culture and that individual plants can produce 15–25 marketable racemes within 4–5 months from sowing. Two years of commercial greenhouse trials have been completed. Blue and white cultivars will be released by Texas A&M Univ. within the next year.

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Ozkan, B., M. A. Çelikyurt, O. Karagüzel, and F. Akkaya. "PRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND MAIN MARKETING PROBLEMS OF EXPORT ORIENTED CUT FLOWER INDUSTRY IN TURKEY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 491 (May 1999): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.491.76.

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Newman, C. "Gender, Time Use, and Change: The Impact of the Cut Flower Industry in Ecuador." World Bank Economic Review 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2002): 375–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhf006.

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Linares-Gabriel, Ariadna, Felipe Gallardo-López, Magdalena Villarreal, Cesáreo Landeros-Sánchez, and Gustavo López-Romero. "Global vision of heliconias research as cut flower: a review." Ornamental Horticulture 26, no. 4 (December 2020): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v26i3.2172.

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Abstract It is relevant to systematize the global knowledge generated about heliconia due to its economic importance in tropical floriculture and the cut flower market. The objective was to explore the results generated in scientific research related to the cultivation of heliconias as cut flower in terms of its methodological approach, research axes, and spatial distribution in terms of the contributions by country. A bibliographic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of science and SciELO based on the keywords “heliconia” and “tropical flowers”. Thereafter, a content analysis of the documents was conducted with the Nvivo software using a priori categories in terms of methodological approach, research axes, year, countries, and cultivars or varieties. The results indicate that the scientific contributions are mostly under a quantitative approach (98.1%). The investigations mainly address productive aspects (74.5%), post-harvest aspects (16.1%), market (6.7%) while industry-used products (2.5%) are scarcely addressed. The countries that make the most contributions are: Brazil (54.5%), Colombia (15.4%) and Mexico (10.9%). The most important species are: H. psittacorum, H. bihai, H. spathocircinata, H. rostrata and H. wagneriana. These results suggest conducting research to identify problems from the physiological, environmental, productive, and economic processes, as well as considering the strategies of farmers as a priority. This must be approached from paradigms where social actors (farmers), their development and the impacts of their social tasks on the cultivation of heliconias are considered the main axis.

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Schroeder, Kenneth R., and Dennis P. Stimart. "076 Determining Gene Numbers and the Potential for Transferring Long Postharvest Longevity of Antirrhinum majus L. Cut Flowers to Short-lived Colored Lines." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 401E—401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.401e.

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Postharvest longevity (PHL) is important in determining quality and consumer preference of cut flowers; thus, it remains a pressing problem for the florist industry. Information on genetics and heritability of cut flower PHL is lacking. This study focused on determining gene numbers and inheritance of Antirrhinum majus L. cut flower PHL. An inbred backcross population was generated from a yellow short-lived (YS; 6d PHL) and a white long-lived (WL; 14 d PHL) inbred. F1 hybrids were backcrossed reciprocally three times to each parent. Parental backcross (BC) populations contained 55 to 65 lines. Lines within each BC generation were self-fertilized three generations by single-seed descent without selection to produce BC1S3, BC2S3, and BC3S3 generations. Cut flowers from all generations were evaluated together for PHL in deionized water. Gene numbers were estimated using confidence intervals and the proportion of non-parental BC lines. Continuous variation, estimates of a minimum of two to four genes controlling PHL, and significant environmental variation suggest selection for increased PHL would be successfu,l but slow. A negative correlation between PHL and yellow flower color was detected in this study. In spite of that fact, mean PHL of the yellow flowered inbred lines improved 1 to 2 d when backcrossing to YS and 3 to 4 d when backcrossing to WL without selection. Thus, inbred backcrossing to a long-lived parent with selection for flower color should make acquisition of longlived colored lines attainable.

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Quintero, M. F., C. A. Gonzalez, and V. J. Florez-Roncancio. "PHYSICAL AND HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF FOUR SUBSTRATES USED IN THE CUT-FLOWER INDUSTRY IN COLOMBIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 718 (October 2006): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.718.58.

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Wright, Caroline, and Gilma Madrid. "Contesting Ethical Trade in Colombia's Cut-Flower Industry: A Case of Cultural and Economic Injustice." Cultural Sociology 1, no. 2 (July 2007): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975507078190.

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Kabiru, Joseph G. "Trade Unionism in the Cut Flower Industry in Kenya. A Case of Kenya Plantation and Agricultural Workers Union (KPAWU)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 13 (May 31, 2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n13p215.

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Trade unionism in the cut flower industry has been in existence since independence. Immediately after independence, there was an amalgamation of four labour unions which represented workers in different sub-sectors within the agricultural sector. As a result, the representation of workers’ labour issues in the agricultural sector was given to only one labour union called Kenya Plantation and Agricultural Workers Union (KPAWU). Since the formation of KPAWU, scholars have enumerated different challenges, both from within and without, that affected the union in fulfilling its mandate to its workers. This article attempts to measure the extent to which the KPAWU has contributed to workers’ welfare in the cut flower industry which is one of the sub-sectors in the agricultural sector. Literature review was done on historical development of labour unions in the agricultural sector in Kenya. Further, a comparative survey was used to study workers’ welfare in three Kenyan regions which were selected for this study, which are Naivasha, Nanyuki and Thika. Quantitative techniques were used to collect and analyse survey data. These quantitative techniques were supplemented by qualitative data from key informants (KIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Both univariate and bivariate methods of analysis were used in this study. The article establishes that trade unionism in the cut flower industry in Kenya had experienced several challenges both internal and external, like funding, poor skilled leadership and low membership registration, which have affected its growth. Currently, there is low registration of workers and poor funding of the trade union activities. Therefore, workers in the field were unsatisfied with the union. Thus, this article concludes that there is a correlation between the challenges experienced in the initial establishment of KPAWU and its contribution to workers’ welfare

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Horibe, Takanori, and Kunio Yamada. "Petal Growth Physiology of Cut Rose Flowers: Progress and Future Prospects." Journal of Horticultural Research 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johr-2017-0001.

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AbstractRoses are the most important crop in the floriculture industry and attract both pollinators and human admirers. Until now, a lot of research focusing on postharvest physiology including flower senescence has been conducted, leading to improvement in vase life. However, few studies have focused on the physiology of petal growth, the perception of light by petals, and the relationship between petal growth and environmental conditions. Regarding roses, whose ornamental value lies in the process of blooming from buds, it is also important to understand their flowering mechanisms and establish methods to control such mechanisms, as well as focus on slowing the aging process, in order to achieve high quality of postharvest cut roses. Elucidation of the mechanisms of rose flower opening would contribute to enhanced quality and commercial production of floricultural crops as well as greatly advance basic scientific knowledge regarding plant biology. In this review, we describe the progress and future prospects in the study of petal growth physiology of cut roses.

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Sun, Xinyan, Zhenye Li, Tingting Zhu, and Chao Ni. "Four-Dimension Deep Learning Method for Flower Quality Grading with Depth Information." Electronics 10, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192353.

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Grading the quality of fresh cut flowers is an important practice in the flower industry. Based on the flower maturing status, a classification method based on deep learning and depth information was proposed for the grading of flower quality. Firstly, the RGB image and the depth image of a flower bud were collected and transformed into fused RGBD information. Then, the RGBD information of a flower was set as inputs of a convolutional neural network to determine the flower bud maturing status. Four convolutional neural network models (VGG16, ResNet18, MobileNetV2, and InceptionV3) were adjusted for a four-dimensional (4D) RGBD input to classify flowers, and their classification performances were compared with and without depth information. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy was improved with depth information, and the improved InceptionV3 network with RGBD achieved the highest classification accuracy (up to 98%), which means that the depth information can effectively reflect the characteristics of the flower bud and is helpful for the classification of the maturing status. These results have a certain significance for the intelligent classification and sorting of fresh flowers.

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Colbaugh, P. F., W. A. Mackay, and T. D. Davis. "Alternaria alternata Causing Flower Stem Blight of Lupinus havardii." Plant Disease 85, no. 2 (February 2001): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.2.231a.

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Lupinus havardii Wats., commonly known as Big Bend or Chisos bluebonnet, is a showy winter annual that can reach 1.0 to 1.5 m in height and produces blue, fragrant inflorescence (racemes). L. havardii is native to a narrow geographic range along the Mexican border in southwest Texas. The inflorescence of L. havardii has considerable potential in the cut flower industry where there is a need for high-quality, durable flowers with a blue color (1). Several crops have been produced in the greenhouse to determine production and post-harvest characteristics of the cut inflorescence. Under greenhouse growing conditions during March through June 1999, numerous plants of L. havardii cv. Texas Sapphire grown in raised beds and in containers in both Dallas and El Paso, TX, were observed with blighted flower racemes with light brown to gray lesions ranging from 1 to 5 cm in length. The racemes were attacked at varying ages and eventually assumed a hooked appearance where the terminal 15 cm of the raceme was bent downward. Isolations from symptomatic lesions removed from L. havardii flower stalks consistently yielded cultures of an Alternaria sp. on potato-dextrose agar. Typical conidia measured 27 μm length and 11 μm width with 3 to 5 transverse septa. The fungus was identified as A. alternata (Fries) Keissler consistent with the description in Ellis (2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted in the laboratory by inoculating cut inflorescences with agar disks containing the fungus. Inoculations produced light brown lesions on the racemes that were typical of disease symptoms observed on greenhouse crops. In addition to the blue-flowered Texas Sapphire cultivar, we also observed the disease symptoms on pink and white flowered breeding lines of L. havardii. This disease is important as a flower stem blighting pathogen and could severely restrict production of cut flowers during the growing season. This is the first report of Alternaria sp. attacking L. havardii. References: (1) T. D. Davis. HortScience 29:1110, 1994. (2) M. B. Ellis. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute Kew, England.

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Swart, L., and S. Coertze. "First Record of Botrytis Flower Blight Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton Waxflower in South Africa." Plant Disease 86, no. 4 (April 2002): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.4.440a.

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Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer, family Myrtaceae), indigenous to western Australia, is cultivated commercially in South Africa as a cut-flower crop and exported to markets in the Northern Hemisphere. In September 2000, disease symptoms were observed on 4-year-old plants in a commercial orchard of C. uncinatum cv. Ofir in Philippe, in the Western Cape Province. The base of the petals and the calyxes of the waxflowers showed brown necrotic lesions. Eventually the calyx and all the petals turned brown, and the flowers shriveled and abscised. B. cinerea Pers.:Fr was consistently isolated from affected petal and calyx tissues. When placed in a moist chamber, conidia and mycelia formed on the surface of dead and infected tissue. Koch's postulates were confirmed by spraying flower stems of C. uncinatum cv. Ofir with a spore suspension (1 × 106 conidia per ml). Inoculated flower stems were placed in a bottle filled with water and enclosed in transparent plastic bags for 24 h at 21°C. Typical symptoms developed on the petals and calyx within 3 days after inoculation. B. cinerea was reisolated from affected tissues. Botrytis flower blight or gray mold, causing a flower petal disease, has been recorded on C. uncinatum in Australia (1), but this is the first record of Botrytis flower blight of C. uncinatum in South Africa. Because Geraldton waxflower is a major cut-flower crop grown for export, this disease can cause significant losses to the industry, especially under cool, wet growing conditions. Reference: (1) A. Tomas et al. Aust. Plant Pathol. 24:26, 1995.

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Lowthers, Megan. "On Institutionalized Sexual Economies: Employment Sex, Transactional Sex, and Sex Work in Kenya’s Cut Flower Industry." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 43, no. 2 (January 2018): 449–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/693767.

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Hughes, Alex. "Global commodity networks, ethical trade and governmentality: organizing business responsibility in the Kenyan cut flower industry." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 26, no. 4 (December 2001): 390–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-5661.00031.

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Ahmad, Iftikhar, Muhammad B. Rafiq, John M. Dole, Bilal Abdullah, and Kinza Habib. "Production and Postharvest Evaluation of Selected Exotic Specialty Annual Cut Flower Species in Punjab, Pakistan." HortTechnology 27, no. 6 (December 2017): 878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03814-17.

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Favorable agro-climatic conditions and comparatively cheaper and readily available human resources offer a promising business opportunity to cut flower production in Pakistan. Presently, growers are limited to traditional cut flower crops such as rose (Rosa hybrids), gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrids), marigold (Tagetes erecta), and tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) because of unavailability of improved new species and cultivars. To diversify cut flower production in Pakistan, a study was conducted to evaluate the production and postharvest performance of different cultivars of delphinium (Delphinium hybrids), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), and stock (Matthiola incana) in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. ‘Guardian White’ delphinium had the shortest time to harvest first marketable stems (160 days) with comparatively shorter stems (87.7 cm). Whereas ‘Aurora White’ and ‘Aurora Blue’ were high-temperature tolerant and produced attractive racemes with longer stems; 112.0 and 99.7 cm, respectively. All cultivars lasted about 7 days in distilled water (DW). ‘Cheerful White’ stock had the shortest cropping time and produced highest quality double flowers with longest stems (51.8 cm) compared with other cultivars tested. Vase solution of 4% sucrose supplemented with 100 mg·L−1 silver nitrate (AgNO3) extended the vase life of ‘Cheerful White’ stock up to 11.8 days compared with 8.2 days in DW. Pulsing with 10% sucrose supplemented with 100 mg·L−1 AgNO3 extended the longevity of ‘Lucinda Dark Rose Double’ stock (10.2 days) similar to vase solution of 4% sucrose plus 100 mg·L−1 AgNO3; however, ‘Lucinda Dark Rose Double’ stock produced shorter stems than ‘Cheerful White’. ‘Appleblossom’ snapdragon produced >10 marketable stems per plant with highest quality attractive flowers, and stout stems, which lasted 10.8 days in 4% sucrose vase solution supplemented with 100 mg·L−1 AgNO3. Among tested species/cultivars, all exotic species/cultivars produced uniform high quality stems resulting in higher productivity as compared with local cultivars and were favorably appraised by flower growers/retailers and are best suited for diversification of local cut flower industry.

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Thomas, Joseph. "Indian Floriculture Industry is Poised to Bloom." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 651e—652. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.651e.

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Floriculture is growing at a frenetic pace in India. From a few units in 1990, nearly hundred units are either fully operational or at various stages of implementation. Almost seventy of these produce rose for the cut flower export market. The average unit size is two hectare under poly-cover. Anthurium, carnation, chrysanthemum, orchids and gerbera comprise the other cut flower producing units. Technology has come mostly from Holland, with Israel now giving severe competition to the Dutch. Germany, France, United Kingdom, and New Zealand are the other countries involved in technology transfer. Many units have the fan and pad system for temperature control along with drip irrigation and computer mediated operations. Most units use natural soil as the medium of growth whereas some have a combination of sand and natural soil and a few have adopted complete sand bed culture as practiced by Israeli growers. These hybrid as well as the state-of-the-art floriculture technologies are competing for the Indian market and the next few years will determine the system that is most suitable for adoption under local conditions. The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), a wing of the Commerce Ministry of the Government of India, and the National Horticulture Board have indeed provided substantial support for the growth of Indian floriculture Industry. Meanwhile, more and more entrepreneurs are, on their own, setting up cold storages and operating cold trucks near major airports to maintain appropriate temperatures from harvest to destination. It is widely expected that more than 50% of the existing floriculture units will make good whereas the remaining may not survive either due to sourcing of unsuitable technologies or lack of expertise in floriculture production and management as well as international marketing prowess. There is also consensus that no single foreign technology giver is capable of meeting adequately the total needs in the Indian context and often it is a matter of the collaborators learning together. What seems certain is that India will, by the year 2000, be a major player in international floriculture because of the diverse agroclimatically suitable locations, lower labor cost, and talented human resource.

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Gast, Karen L. B. "Postharvest Evaluation of Fresh Cut Sunflower Cultivars." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 637b—637. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.637b.

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Specialty cut flowers are gaining a greater market share of the floral industry. One species that seems to be losing its fad status and again becoming a market mainstay are sunflowers. In response to that demand seed companies are introducing new sunflower cultivars. Little work has been done to evaluate and compare the postharvest life of these new cultivars. A study was conducted Summer 1995 to determine the postharvest life of several cultivars using both water and floral preservatives. Less than half of the cultivars evaluated had an acceptable commercial postharvest life when only water was used. When fresh flower preservatives were used only three of the cultivars evaluated had an unacceptable postharvest life. The addition of floral preservatives significantly increased the postharvest life of more than a third of the cultivars evaluated, but only two thirds of those had their postharvest life increased into the acceptable range. Cultivars found to have an acceptable postharvest life include a wide variety of colors, plant heights and pollenless flowers, giving the grower a wide choice of cultivars for commercial production.

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Kang, Yun-Im, Hyang Young Joung, Dae Hoe Goo, Youn Jung Choi, Mok Pil Choi, Hye Ryun An, Jae-Young Ko, Kang-Joon Choi, Ki Hwan Lee, and Kye Wan Hong. "A Survey on Cut Flower Cultivar Trends and Horticultural Status of Lilies (Lilium Hybrids) in South Korea." HortTechnology 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.5.629.

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This study investigated trends in lily (Lilium hybrids) cultivars and challenges for growing cut lily flowers using a survey of producers in the South Korean lily industry. A questionnaire requested information on various topics including the total growing area, length of farming experience, cultivars grown, factors considered when purchasing bulbs, cultivation systems, horticultural practices, disease and pest problems, and horticultural problems. The survey targeted the membership of the Korea Lily Producer Association and the number of respondents corresponded to 43% of all lily farmers in the country. Oriental-Trumpet (OT) hybrid ‘Yelloween’ and Oriental hybrids ‘Siberia’, ‘Medusa’, and ‘Sorbonne’ were mainly cultivated in South Korea. The main flower colors were yellow, white, and pink. Factors considered in choosing cultivars were the prices of bulbs and cut flowers affecting income of the farm. More than 90% of respondents used soil culture in a greenhouse to grow cut flowers. There were various horticultural practices used from planting to harvest. The main pests harming bulb and flower productivity were fungus gnat (Bradysia difformis) and bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini), and the most common horticultural problem was leaf scorch. Overall, the survey suggested that the stable production of lily bulb with low cost and high quality was required and practical techniques should be developed for increasing the cut lily production efficiency. In addition, the pests, diseases, and horticultural problems in the given local environmental conditions should be considered when breeding new cultivars and developing production technology.

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Nazari, Farzad, and Mahmoud Koushesh Saba. "Combination Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) with Ajowan Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles on Postharvest Life of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) Cut Flowers." HortScience 52, no. 11 (November 2017): 1550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12299-17.

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Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f.) is one of the most important cut flowers in floriculture industry with high economic value. Short postharvest life is the main barrier for gerbera marketing which is related to water relation disruption resulting from microbial population in preservative solution and exposure to ethylene. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the combination effect of an ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (0 and 1 μL·L−1), and two antimicrobial agents, ajowan [Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke] essential oil (EO) (0 and 15 μL·L−1) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (0 and 40 μL·L−1), on postharvest life of ‘Pink Power’ gerbera cut flowers. The results showed that stem diameter reduced in both cut stem-end (CSE) and below the flower head (BFH) but the amount of decrease in CSE was more than BFH, and applied treatments had no significant effect on the decrease rate. However, both ajowan EO and AgNPs treatments reduced the number of bacteria at the CSE; ajowan EO was more effective than AgNPs and induced more vase solution uptake. Stem-end electrolyte leakage (EL) was unaffected by 1-MCP treatment, whereas petal EL was lower in 1-MCP-treated flowers. The least wilting percentage and the longest vase life were observed in combination treatment of 1-MCP and either ajowan EO or AgNPs. It could be concluded that 1-MCP combined with ajowan EO or AgNPs, potentially can be used as a preservative solution to enhance postharvest life, delay flower senescence, and prolong vase life of gerbera cut flowers.

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Shchuklina, O. A., I. N. Voronchikhina, A. D. Alenicheva, I. N. Klimenkova, V. V. Voronchikhin, and S. V. Zavgorodny. "Characteristics of industrial cultivation and requirements to fresh cut flowers in the Russian Federation." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 26, 2020): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-6-126-129.

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Relevance. The specifics of the fresh cut flowers market in the Russian Federation is such, that 85-100% of the total volume of flowers sold is imported. The most popular flowers among Russian consumers are roses (up to 60% in the total share of fresh flowers), chrysanthemums and carnations, all of which require certain growing conditions. Recently, the market of local seasonal flowers has begun to develop, the main players in which are small farms or household plots. Material and methods. This article presents the data about market analysis of fresh cut flowers in Russia for the last five years (2015-2020). For this analysis were used the methods applied in economics. The main information database of this research includes data from official state statistics; open data from analytical centers; federal and regional regulations; data from the Federal agency for technical regulation and Metrology; reference materials of specialized data on research field; data from industry-specific portals; sites; articles and reviews written by producers of fresh cut flowers in Russia and worldwide. Results. Russia is one of the top six importers of fresh cut flowers in the world. The most popular flower among Russian consumers is a rose. There is not much suitable soil and climatic conditions in Russia for growing it on a commercial scale in the open ground. In 2018-2019 according to Rosstat data the number of flowers, grown for cutting in Russia, was estimated 263,3 billion pieces. However, now Russian flower producers are not able to meet domestic demand for fresh flowers, so there is no almost export.

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Suzuki, Aya, Yukichi Mano, and Girum Abebe. "Earnings, savings, and job satisfaction in a labor-intensive export sector: Evidence from the cut flower industry in Ethiopia." World Development 110 (October 2018): 176–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.029.

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Gautam, K. K., S. Kumar, and S. K. Raj. "Current Status of Viral and Phytoplasma Diseases Affecting Gerbera Cultivation and Their Management." Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 55, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/038.55.2020.019.

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Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) is a popular ornamental plant cultivated all over the world. It is grown in beds, pots and used as cut-flower in making bouquets and for decoration in ceremonial functions. Gerbera has been commercially cultivated by a large number of growers in India as a primary source of income, therefore, has high socioeconomic impact in floriculture industry. The gerbera cultivation areas in India are increasing day by day due to its uses and the market demands. Its cultivation has been hampered by a variety of diseases that affect its flower quality and quantity. Of them, the viral and phytoplasma diseases cause considerable losses in gerbera cultivation. In this review, we have described about the disease symptoms, detection methods and identification of causal virus and phytoplasma pathogens affecting gerbera production worldwide and their disease management strategies opted by the researchers for production of pathogen-free plants.

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Etheredge, Coleman L., and Tina M. Waliczek. "Perceptions of Environmental Health and Willingness to Compost Fresh Cut Floral Waste by Retail Flower Shop Owners." HortTechnology 30, no. 6 (December 2020): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04724-20.

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In the United States there has been a push to convert industries to a more environmentally sustainable business attitude in recent years. Environmentally sustainable practices are not only good for the environment, but there is increasing evidence these practices lead to an increase in customer loyalty. The trend of self-regulation, willingly imposing more stringent environmental policies than required by the government, is progressing toward a time where environmentally friendly practices will be a competitive necessity for businesses to survive. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the perceptions of environmental health of retail flower shop owners and their willingness to recycle fresh cut floral waste produced at retail flower shops for use as compost and to determine if there is a statistical correlation between environmental awareness and willingness to compost fresh cut flower waste. A mailing list of retail florists from across the United States was compiled. A total of 1974 florists from all 50 states were sent a standardized e-mail explaining the purpose of the study. Embedded in the e-mail was a hyperlink that redirected willing respondents to the survey. Each person on the mailing list was emailed one time. Of the 300 retail florists who took part in the survey, a majority, 190 (63.33%), were ranked as having “high concern” for environmental health. A majority of florists 247 (82.33%) “agreed” or “strongly agreed” to collaborate with Master Gardener programs and other organizations if it meant they could recycle their floral waste through composting. Through the creation of industry- and state-sponsored certifications, florists could brand and promote their business as more environmentally conscious by composting their floral waste. This could possibly, in turn, stimulate sales and increase profit margins while having the added benefit of reducing the amount of waste entering landfills.

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Mano, Yukichi, Takashi Yamano, Aya Suzuki, and Tomoya Matsumoto. "Local and Personal Networks in Employment and the Development of Labor Markets: Evidence from the Cut Flower Industry in Ethiopia." World Development 39, no. 10 (October 2011): 1760–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.04.024.

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Eyre, J. X., J. Faragher, D. C. Joyce, and P. R. Franz. "Effects of postharvest methyl jasmonate treatments against Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 5 (2006): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04250.

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Cut Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer) flowers are often infected with Botrytis cinerea. Release of infection from quiescence can cause ethylene production by invaded host tissues and result in flower abscission. Postharvest floral organ abscission is a major problem for the commercial waxflower industry. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) occurs naturally in plant tissue and has a signalling role in eliciting induced systemic resistance against disease. MeJA treatments have been shown to suppress B. cinerea infecting cut rose flowers. The present experiments investigated the potential of exogenous MeJA treatments for B. cinerea management on harvested waxflower. MeJA treatments of 10 and 100 µL liquid MeJA/L of air applied to cv. Purple Pride and 1 µL MeJA/L to cv. Mullering Brook gave reductions in disease severity for uninoculated stems. However, concentrations of 100 µL MeJA/L applied to Purple Pride in addition to 1 and 10 µL MeJA/L applied to Mullering Brook increased the incidence of floral organ fall. Flower abscission upon treatment with MeJA may be due to induced systemic resistance-associated upregulation of ethylene biosynthesis. MeJA treatments had no direct effect on B. cinerea hyphal elongation in vitro. Collectively, these results show that while MeJA treatment may elicit defence in waxflower against Botrytis, the chemical also causes floral organ fall. Thus, exogenous MeJA treatments do not have potential for B. cinerea management on harvested waxflower.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cut flower industry, Rwanda'

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