Academic literature on the topic 'Cutting wheels'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cutting wheels"
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Lebedev, Vladimir, Alla Bespalova, Tatiana Chumachenko, Yevhen Omelchenko, and Tatiana Nikolaieva. "Cutting forces when grinding parts from martensite aging steels with highporous abrasive, borazon and diamond wheels." ScienceRise, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002041.
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Object of research. The article investigates the cutting forces when grinding martensitic-aging steels with highly porous grinding wheels.
The problem to be solved is the regularities of the change in the magnitude of the cutting forces when grinding maraging steels with highly porous CBN wheels.
Main scientific results. The studies were performed on martensiticaging steel H8K18M14. As a result of the experiments, it was found that when grinding wheels made of materials such as electrocorundum, CBN (borazon) and diamond, a significant role is played by the values of the cutting force, which increase during processing.
During the experiment it was found out: the cutting forces Py and Pz in the width of the allowable modes, which are most often used in circular and flat grinding, can reach the following values: with the structure of the wheel 26 come to values from 2.714N to 30.721 and with the structure of the wheel 40 come to values from 2.49N to 28.185N.
Reducing the grain size of the wheel, let’s obtain the effect of increasing the energy costs of the grinding process, by increasing the magnitude of the cutting forces.
If to compare the cutting forces that occur when grinding different wheels, it is possible to note the following: in comparison with electrocorundum wheels when using wheels with KNB cutting forces are reduced by 20-25 %, and when grinding with diamond wheels, the effect of cutting forces is reduced by 25 - 30 %. When grinding with highly porous wheels, the cutting force is 15-20 % higher than when grinding with wheels of normal porosity.
The area of practical use of research results-grinding technology for maraging steels.
Innovative technological product – relationship between processing modes and the magnitude of cutting forces when grinding maraging steels.
Scope of application of an innovative technological product-mechanical engineering technology
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Peterka, Jozef, Jakub Hrbál, Ivan Buranský, and Jozef Martinovič. "Experimental Investigation of Wearing Grinding Wheels After Machining Sintered Carbide." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 28, no. 47 (September 1, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2020-0014.
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Abstract Solid cutting tools are widely applied in the machining of shape parts and mainly fabricated using the grinding operations. Solid cutting tools are of specific geometry and shape. The tool geometry is created by mutual movement grinding wheels and stock. In the grinding of its manufacturing, grinding wheels are worn out gradually with the grinding number increasing. The wearing grinding wheel has a significant influence on the accuracy geometry of the tool produced. The paper focuses on the wear of the grinding wheels based on diamonds, and the grinding wheels based on cubic boron nitride. The wear rate of the grinding wheels is affected by the properties of a grinding wheel, grinding conditions, and type of cutting material. A measure of the ability of a grinding wheel to remove material is given by the Grinding ratio. The grinding ratio (G ratio) is defined as the volume of material removed (Vw) divided by the volume of wheel wear (Vs). Periphery grinding wheels were used in the experiments. Cylindrical face grinding was used for the machining of sintered carbide stock with a diameter of 20 mm. The results of the experiment show that the diamond-based grinding wheels are more suitable for grinding sintered carbide.
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Lebedev, Vladimir, Tatiana Chumachenko, Alla Bespalova, Tatiana Nikolaeva, and Yevhen Omelchenko. "Analysis of cutting forces during grinding of titanium alloy and corrosion-resistant steel by diamond, electrocorundum and cubic borine nitrid wheels." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 1(59) (June 30, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.235421.
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The object of research is the process of circular and surface grinding of titanium alloy and corrosion-resistant steel, namely, the cutting forces arising from mechanical processing. One of the most problematic areas in work is the selection of the required grinding modes, material and grinding wheel grain size. In the course of the experiment, we used samples of VT8 titanium alloy and 12Х18N9T steel, on which the grinding process was studied with wheels made of various materials (electrocorundum, cubic boron nitride (CBN), diamond). The values of the cutting forces Py and Pz were obtained in the latitude of permissible modes, which are most often used in circular and flat grinding, and can reach maximum values, respectively, Py=27 N, Pz=15.5 N. The data were obtained at a low wheel speed from electrocorundum, about 15 m/s and grain size 8. By reducing the grain size of the wheel, we get the effect of increasing the energy consumption of the grinding process, due to the increase in the values of the cutting forces. If we compare the cutting forces arising from grinding with different wheels, then the following can be noted. Compared to electrocorundum wheels, when using CBN wheels, the cutting forces are reduced by 20–25 %, and when grinding with diamond wheels (despite the high wear of the diamond wheel), the effect of cutting forces is reduced by 25–30 %. This is due to the fact that cutting conditions are the most favorable for diamond and CBN grains, which makes it possible to use more intense cutting conditions. The results of the study allow predicting the performance of the grinding wheel, reducing the energy consumption of production, and also adjusting the processing mode of the part to obtain the necessary quality indicators of the surface layer and the geometric dimensions of the part.
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Suzuki, Kiyoshi, Manabu Iwai, Shinichi Ninomiya, Keizo Takeuchi, Katsutoshi Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, and Tetsutaro Uematsu. "A New Diamond Wheel Containing Boron Doped Diamond Abrasives Enabling Electrically Conductive Cutting Edge and High Thermal Stability." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.57.
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Electrically conductive cutting edges diamond grinding wheels (EC-cutting edges D wheels) have properties such as, 1) convenient precise forming by EDM, 2) realization of high cutting edge density, 3) sufficiently large chip pockets along with fine cutting edges on large diamond grits, 4) contact sensing of the cutting edges with workpiece due to electrical conductivity, 5) expected application to the grinding of various types of steels due to high thermal resistance. Until now, the grinding ability of the sharp edges generated on the electrically conductive CVD diamond thick film wheel by electrodischarge trueing (ED trueing) was confirmed by grinding experiments using a small diameter lapping wheel and a small diameter disk wheel. In this research work, metal bonded diamond wheels containing boron doped electrically conductive diamond (EC diamond) grits, which possess high oxidation temperature, were trial manufactured. From the results of grinding test for an optical glass (BK7), it was found that the wear and grinding force for the EC diamond grits wheel were significantly low compared to a conventional diamond grits wheel. Furthermore, from the results of the investigation on ED trueing performance, a high trueing efficiency along with the possibility of cutting edge tip formation was confirmed.
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Gołąbczak, Marcin, Andrzej Gołąbczak, and Barbara Tomczyk. "Electrochemical and X-ray Examinations of Erosion Products during Dressing of Superhard Grinding Wheels Using Alternating Current and Ecological Electrolytes of Low Concentration of Chemical Compounds." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061375.
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This article introduces significant cognitive and usable values in the field of abrasive technology especially in the development of new methods of the electrochemical dressing of superhard grinding wheels with metal bonds. Cognitive values mainly concern the elaboration of the theoretical backgrounds of the electrochemical digestion of compounds of grinding wheel metal bond and gumming up products of the cutting surface of grinding wheel (CSGW). Cognitive values also deal with determining the mathematical relationships describing the influence of technological conditions of dressing on shaping of cutting abilities of superhard grinding wheels. On the other hand, the useful values refer to the industry implementation of the elaborated method and equipment for the electrochemical dressing of suparhard grinding wheels using alternating current (ECDGW-AC). The cost of the device for the realization of this process is low and can be applied in the production conditions. The novel achievements presented in the article are: the elaboration of a new method and equipment for electrochemical dressing of superhard grinding wheels (ECDGW-AC), the selection of electrolytes of low concentration of chemical compounds, tests concerning the digestion of grinding wheel metal bond compounds and gumming up products of CSGW using X-ray analysis, as well as the determination of chemical reactions taking place during elaborated new dressing process, the elaboration of mathematical relationships describing influence of technological conditions of this process on dressing speed and shaping of cutting abilities of superhard grinding wheels, and the performance of technological tests of dressing of superhard grinding wheels using ECDGW-AC method. The elaborated method can be used in ambient temperature and does not cause thermal damages of abrasive grains of cutting surface of grinding wheel and is useful not only for dressing super hard grinding wheels but also for correcting their geometrical deviations.
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Kononov, Dmitriy. "FATIGUE ENHANCEMENT OF WROUGHT WHEELS PROCESSED BY MEANS OF DISK TURNING." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 17, 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2018-1-49-58.
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Objective: To improve the reliability of wrought wheels by means of fatigue enhancement of the latter, processed by use of disk turning. Methods: The creation in the disk skin layer the correct quality indices, such as magnitude and depth of residual stress occurrence, the level and depth of hammering, surface roughness. In order to fulfill the task, the required material of the tool cutting part is selected, tool design parameters are determined, cutting depth and feed, allowed for the required processing accuracy, surface roughness, residual stress the level and depth of hammering, is calculated. In the process of turning the cutting speeds are to provide optimum temperature in the cutting area, that is the temperature at which the operation in question results in minimum wear ratio of the cutter and induces compression residual stress. Results: It was discovered that the reduction of roughness level, hammering depth and residual compression stress formation increase the fatigue endurance of wheels. Cutting speeds (toolcutting speed, cutting depth and feed) were set for each segment of the disk surface (wheel rim section, midsection and hub section) outside and inside the wheel, in order to achieve optimum quality indices; the method of estimated determination of machined surface quality parameters of freight car wrought wheels was developed, depending on the cutting speeds taking into account temperature and force interactions of the machining tool and the machined part. Practical importance: The method of fatigue enhancement of the rolling stock wrought wheels when processed was developed. The basic requirements to values of wrought wheel discs quality parameters were formulated.
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Gusev, Vladimir. "Aerodynamic streams at cylindrical internal grinding by the textured wheels." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800018.
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During internal grinding a large amount of heat is formed. A heat has a negative impact on all processing indicators. The speed of heat removal from the processed workpiece is defined not only by structure of grinding wheel and by giving method of lubricant cooling liquid (LCL), but also by the aerodynamic streams, which are formed by a tool rotation. Aerodynamics of traditional grinding wheels is studied in detail, but for textured wheels to aerodynamic streams did not pay of due attention. The multiple-factor experiment is executed and models of movement speed of the aerodynamic streams are determined. It is established, that the greatest influence on the movement speed of the air flows has an axial distance of a measurement point from an end face of abrasive segments and a radial distance of this point from the cutting surface. Static pressure of air in an internal wheel’s cavity is equal 47 Pas, and outside of the wheel in close proximity to the cutting surface – 212 Pas. Taking into account the received experimental data of the movement speeds of aerodynamic streams and different data of air pressure in the specified areas, possible methods of giving of LCL in a cutting zone are analysed. It is established, that the most effective is the centrifugal method of giving of LCL to an internal cavity of the textured tool.
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Zhang, Jun, Jiankun Liang, Guanben Du, Xiaojian Zhou, Hui Wang, and Hongyan Wang. "Performance of cutting and grinding wheel based on lignin-phenolic resin matrix and aluminum oxide." BioResources 12, no. 4 (October 16, 2017): 9118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.9118-9129.
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Grinding wheels made from an easily-prepared and industrialized thermosetting PFL resin (phenol, formaldehyde, and alkali lignin) with aluminum oxide particles were prepared (i.e., PFL grinding wheel). The mechanical properties of these grinding wheels were characterized by their Brinell hardness, compression strength, and abrasiveness. The curing and heat resistance properties of the PFL resin were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the new PFL resin with 30% of the phenol replaced by alkali lignin exhibited excellent heat resistance. When using alkali lignin to replace a portion of the phenol, the curing temperature of phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) was increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the PFL grinding wheel showed no pores and cracks in the composite when compared to laboratory prepared PF grinding wheels; PFL grinding wheels had high hardness and compression resistance. Furthermore, the PFL grinding wheel exhibited abrasiveness that was comparable to the PF grinding wheel during laboratory tests.
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PESHEKHONOV, K. Yu, and A. S. TARAPANOV. "DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE ACCURACY OF SPIROID WHEELS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 2 (2021): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-346-2-71-76.
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The article considers the possible errors of the spiroid transmission based on mathematical modeling of the process of shaping the teeth of the spiroid wheel. Typical errors such as tooth profile error, tooth pitch error, tooth thickness error, tooth longitudinal line error are applicable to spiroid wheel tooth errors. Currently, the accuracy standards for spiroid transmissions are not standardized. It is shown that the mandrel of a cylindrical spiroid cutter for processing spiroid wheels has an increased length, which contributes to its greater squeezing from the spiroid wheel during the shaping process. Based on the components of the cutting forces, a graph of the vibrations of the milling cutter mandrel is presented. In the study of precision spiroid wheels on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the formation of the tooth profile of spiroid wheel revealed that the geometric deviations of the lateral surfaces of the teeth of wheels due to the errors of gear cutting tools and technological factors.
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Neslušan, Miroslav, Jitka Baďurová, Anna Mičietová, and Maria Čiliková. "Performance of Norton Quantum Grinding Wheels." Key Engineering Materials 686 (February 2016): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.686.125.
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This paper deals with cutting ability of progressive Norton Quantum grinding wheel during grinding roll bearing steel 100Cr6 of hardness 61 HRC. Cutting ability of this wheel is compared with conventional grinding wheel and based on measurement of grinding forces as well as surface roughness. Results of experiments show that Norton Quantum grinding wheels are capable of long term grinding cycles at high removal rates without unacceptable occurrence of grinding chatter and surface burn whereas application of conventional wheel can produce excessive vibration and remarkable temper colouring of ground surface. Moreover, while Norton Quantum grinding wheel gives nearly constant grinding forces and surface roughness within ground length at higher removal rates, conventional grinding wheel (as that reported in this study) does not.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cutting wheels"
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Koláček, David. "Zefektivnění technologie rozbrušování konstrukčními úpravami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232196.
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This thesis is oriented to technological and design direction. It is focused on the upgrading of existing machinery from a structural perspective. There is studied the impact of design modifications to the existing production process from a technological point of view. This thesis is specifically concentrated on the technology division of the material, especially on the technology cutting-off in dry condition. There is examined the ability of self-sharpening cutting tools and the quality of the final product under varying input conditions. The job is finished by the carried out techno-economic evaluation, where are compared the costs of the structural adjustments in comparison with mechanical equipment, that could be purchased on the market. The thesis is finished with overall analysis of the optimal efficiency of the production process.
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Best, Roger J. W. "Computer aided brilliant cutting of flat glass." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4189.
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Mangl, Petr. "Optimalizace parametrů broušení slinutých karbidů diamantovými kotouči." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228780.
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This master‘s thesis is presenting the way of the optimization of grinding characteristics when grinding cemented carbides by diamond wheels. There is described the theory of grinding, including grinding wheels and basic characteristics of cemented carbides in the theoretical part. There are defined experimental metering accomplished on the CNC grinding machine Walter Helitronic Power Mini in the practical part. There were tested eight grinding wheels. The grinding rate, surface roughness Ra, theoretic guaranteed storage period of grinding wheel in number of cuts, theoretical capacity of machined material, achievement of grinding machine and behaviour of the wheels when grinding ware evaluated from the reached results.
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Svensson, Dennis, and Svärd Tobias Falk. "Mechanical dry grinding process of saw chain." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39927.
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The cutting links on chainsaws needs to be sharpened regularly to retain its sharpness. The most effective way is to use a machine wheel grinder. However, due to high friction there is a high risk of tempering the steel and damaging the sustainability to wear, resulting in a dull cutting edge. In order to develop a grinding method that produces a good result every time, a series of parameters were tested in order to determine which combination of these generated the best grinding results. With all parameters established the results shows that the attributes of each grinding wheel are the main parameter controlling the grinding result. This project investigates the attributes of different grinding wheels and their impact on grinding results. By comparing the energy each grinding wheel uses to perform the same amount of work, each grinding wheels suitability is rated based on its performance. The calculations and the results from the analyses and tests show which of the grinding wheels performed the work with the lowest amount of increased energy.
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Oliveira, Danilo de Jesus [UNESP]. "Aprimoramento da técnica da mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) no processo de retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho de aços endurecidos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99705.
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oliveira_dj_me_bauru.pdf: 2830469 bytes, checksum: 472bcc066d7e9582cfd3189fdd96d740 (MD5)A aplicação mínima da quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) na usinagem dos metais surgiu como uma alternativa para reduzir a abundância de fluidos de corte e, com isso, atingirn produção mais limpa. Na retificação, apesar de ser considerada uma técnica inovadora no aspecto ambiental, sua aplicação é restrita devido à geração excessiva de calor e ao entupimento dos poros do rebolo causado pelos cavacos, prejudicando a qualidade final do produto e aumentando o desgaste da ferramenta. Esta pesquisa buscou aprimorar o uso do MQL usando, além do jato com a mistura ar e óleo injetado na interface rebolo-peça à alta velocidade, um jato de ar comprimidom para minimizar o empastamento do rebolo gerado durante o processo de usinagem pela mistura formada pelo óleo do MQL mais os cavacos. Foram realizados ensaios na retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho do aço ABNT 4340, temperado e revenido com dureza média de 54 HRc, usando rebolo de nitreto de boro cúbico (CBN) com ligante vitrificado. Os métodos de lubri-refrigeração propostos foram o convencional com fluido em abundância, MQL (estes dois sem uso do jato de ar para limpeza do rebolo) e MQL com a limpeza, variando o ângulo de incidência do ar comprimido na superfície de corte do rebolo. Consideram-se as variáveis de saída do processo: rugosidade, desgaste diametral do rebolo, circularidade, além de análises metalográficas e medições de microdureza da superfície retificada para verificação de danos térmicos; de forma a analisar a viabilidade da substituição do tradicional método de aplicação dos fluidos em abundância pelo MQL com a limpeza. Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade de implementação da técnica da limpeza do rebolo como um aprimoramento tecnológico da mínima quantidade de lubrificante na retificação, reduzindo o consumo dos fluidos de corte. A técnica MQL com limpeza...
The application of minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) on machining of metals has emerged as an alternative to reduce the abundance of cutting fluids and then achieve a cleaner production. In grinding, although considered a breakthrough technique in the environmental aspects, its application is restricted due to excessive generation of heat and griding wheel loading caused by the chips, damaging the final product quality and increasing tools wear. The objective of this research was to improve the MQL technique by using an additional jet of compressed air to clean the clogged pores of the wheel. Tests were performed in cylindrical plunge grinding of the ABNT 4340 steel, quanched and tempered (54 HRc) with a vitrified cubic boron nitrite (CBN) grinding wheel. The suggested methods of lubrication were conventional (abundant fluid), MQL (that without the use of air jet to cleaning the wheel) and MQL plus cleaning system, changing the incided angle of the jet of compressed air in the cutting surface of the grinding wheel. The performance of the proposal technique was evaluated based on an analysis of the process output variables: roughness, diametric wear of the grinding, roundness, and metallographic analysis plus microhardness measurements of the grounded surface to verify thermal damage incidence. The results showed the possibility of implementing the technique of cleaning as a technological enhancement to minimum quantity of lubricant in the grinding, reducing the use of cutting fluids. The technique MQL plus cleaning system, in a specific incident angle of the compressed air was extremely efficient, resulting in better surface finish, reduced tool wear and free of thermal damage when compared with conventional methods without cleaning of the wheel
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Biscioni, Ricardo Pio Barakat. "Comparação entre os métodos convencional e com bocal modificado de aplicação de fluido de corte no processo de retificação cilíndrica interna /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96493.
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Resumo: Um processo muito utilizado na indústria metal-mecânica em geral para fabricação de componentes de responsabilidade é a operação de retificação cilíndrica interna de precisão, este processo é utilizado, por exemplo, na fabricação de anéis de rolamento e outros componentes. Atualmente a evolução das máquinas permitiu o aprimoramento deste processo no que diz respeito ao posicionamento e à rigidez do sistema máquina-peça-ferramenta, porém ainda são enfrentados grandes problemas quanto à lubrificação e refrigeração, principalmente no que diz respeito à utilização de fluidos de corte. Este trabalho visa o estudo do comportamento da operação de retificação cilíndrica interna de mergulho a alta velocidade, no processo de acabamento de um aço endurecido SAE 52100, utilizando-se um rebolo convencional e dois métodos de refrigeração: o método de refrigeração convencional e com um bocal modificado. O motivo para o emprego de um bocal modificado reside no fato de se encontrar uma alternativa viável para uma possível substituição do método convencional que consome grande quantidade de fluido, já que estes têm se tornando nas últimas décadas um grande problema para as indústrias, devido aos enormes dados ambientais e humanos que causam. Para efetivar a comparação entre os métodos de refrigeração foram analisados os dados a respeito da rugosidade, erros de circularidade e desgaste diametral do rebolo, além de análise de microdureza e MEV das amostras retificadas para os métodos de refrigeração citados anteriormente. Analisando os resultados a quebra de barreira aerodinâmica e a melhor eficiência da penetração do fluido de corte na região de contato entre o rebolo e a peça foi maior quando se utilizou o bocal modificado com vazão de 21 1/min (25 m/s); os resultados de rugosidade, erro de circularidade e desgaste do rebolo foram sempre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrÔnico abaixo)Abstract: Precision internal plunge grinding is a process much used in the mechanical industry in general
Orientador: Eduardo Carlos Bianchi
Coorientador: Paulo Roberto de Aguiar
Banca: Carlos Elias da Silva Junior
Banca: Carlos Alberto Soufen
Mestre
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Oliveira, Danilo de Jesus. "Aprimoramento da técnica da mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) no processo de retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho de aços endurecidos /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99705.
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Resumo: A aplicação mínima da quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) na usinagem dos metais surgiu como uma alternativa para reduzir a abundância de fluidos de corte e, com isso, atingirn produção mais limpa. Na retificação, apesar de ser considerada uma técnica inovadora no aspecto ambiental, sua aplicação é restrita devido à geração excessiva de calor e ao entupimento dos poros do rebolo causado pelos cavacos, prejudicando a qualidade final do produto e aumentando o desgaste da ferramenta. Esta pesquisa buscou aprimorar o uso do MQL usando, além do jato com a mistura ar e óleo injetado na interface rebolo-peça à alta velocidade, um jato de ar comprimidom para minimizar o empastamento do rebolo gerado durante o processo de usinagem pela mistura formada pelo óleo do MQL mais os cavacos. Foram realizados ensaios na retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho do aço ABNT 4340, temperado e revenido com dureza média de 54 HRc, usando rebolo de nitreto de boro cúbico (CBN) com ligante vitrificado. Os métodos de lubri-refrigeração propostos foram o convencional com fluido em abundância, MQL (estes dois sem uso do jato de ar para limpeza do rebolo) e MQL com a limpeza, variando o ângulo de incidência do ar comprimido na superfície de corte do rebolo. Consideram-se as variáveis de saída do processo: rugosidade, desgaste diametral do rebolo, circularidade, além de análises metalográficas e medições de microdureza da superfície retificada para verificação de danos térmicos; de forma a analisar a viabilidade da substituição do tradicional método de aplicação dos fluidos em abundância pelo MQL com a limpeza. Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade de implementação da técnica da limpeza do rebolo como um aprimoramento tecnológico da mínima quantidade de lubrificante na retificação, reduzindo o consumo dos fluidos de corte. A técnica MQL com limpeza... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The application of minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) on machining of metals has emerged as an alternative to reduce the abundance of cutting fluids and then achieve a cleaner production. In grinding, although considered a breakthrough technique in the environmental aspects, its application is restricted due to excessive generation of heat and griding wheel loading caused by the chips, damaging the final product quality and increasing tools wear. The objective of this research was to improve the MQL technique by using an additional jet of compressed air to clean the clogged pores of the wheel. Tests were performed in cylindrical plunge grinding of the ABNT 4340 steel, quanched and tempered (54 HRc) with a vitrified cubic boron nitrite (CBN) grinding wheel. The suggested methods of lubrication were conventional (abundant fluid), MQL (that without the use of air jet to cleaning the wheel) and MQL plus cleaning system, changing the incided angle of the jet of compressed air in the cutting surface of the grinding wheel. The performance of the proposal technique was evaluated based on an analysis of the process output variables: roughness, diametric wear of the grinding, roundness, and metallographic analysis plus microhardness measurements of the grounded surface to verify thermal damage incidence. The results showed the possibility of implementing the technique of cleaning as a technological enhancement to minimum quantity of lubricant in the grinding, reducing the use of cutting fluids. The technique MQL plus cleaning system, in a specific incident angle of the compressed air was extremely efficient, resulting in better surface finish, reduced tool wear and free of thermal damage when compared with conventional methods without cleaning of the wheel
Orientador: Eduardo Carlos Bianchi
Coorientador: Anselmo Eduardo Diniz
Banca: Eraldo Jannone da Silva
Banca: Amauri Hassui
O programa de Pós graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem carater institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da UNESP
Mestre
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Damasceno, Ricardo Fernando [UNESP]. "Análise da influência da profundidade de corte e de diferentes métodos de lubri-refrigeração na retificação plana de aço ABNT 4340." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96486.
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damasceno_rf_me_bauru.pdf: 2382441 bytes, checksum: c07ae566c39a8420db844725306f470e (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho teve o propósito de contribuir com informações sobre a aplicação de fluidos de corte na operação de retificação plana de aço, em especial do ano ABNT 4340 temperado e revenido. Desta forma testados e comparados três métodos de lubri-refrigeração, os quais são: MQL (Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificante), convencional e otimizado. Os testes foram realizados em retificadora plana universal, utilizando um rebolo de cBN Vitrificado. Os fluidos de corte utilizados para os testes foram: emulsão com diluição a 5% para os métodos convencinal e Otimizado, enquanto que para MQL utilizou-se fluido sintético. A fim de obter uma análise comparativa dos desempenhos entre os três métodos, o parâmetro profundidade de corte foi variado em três valores (0,02mm;0,05mm e 0,08mm). Os outros parâmetros de corte, os quais foram mantidos constantes. Como variáveis de saída foram analisadas: força tangencial de corte, rugosidade, desgaste diametral do rebolo, relação G, dureza por microindentação, tensão residual superficial da pela e imagens obtidas no Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura foram também obtidas para analisar a superfície das peças usinadas. Os resultados indicaram que a técnica MQL, permite obter menor desgaste diametral do rebolo, no entanto há prejuízos quanto ao acabamento superficial (rugosidade) em profundidades de corte até 0,05mm, acima deste valor o método MQL mostrou-se incapaz de realizar a lubrirefrigeração de forma eficaz. Já o método otimizado permitiu obter os melhores resultados de rugosidade, menor desgaste diametral do rebolo e induziu menor tensão residual superficial, mas em profundidade de corte de 0,02mm apresentou os maiores valores de força de corte tangencial comparados aos outros métodos. Por fim, o método convencional apresentou resultados medianos em quase todas as variáveis de saída analisadas
This work aims to investigate the comparative efficiency of three different colling and lubrificatins system e applied to surface grinding operation. Systems compared are MQL (Minimal Quantify Lubrification), conventional and conventional optimized. Grinding tests were performed on universal grinding machine using a vitrified cBN grinding wheel for grinding, steel samples of ABNT4340 (grade SAE4340) hardened and tempered to 55HRc. The cutting fluid used for testing was soluble oil at 5% for methods and conventional and conventional optimized and synthetic fluid for MQL technique tested. In order to obtain a comparative analysis of performance among the three methods, the depth of cut parameter was varied in three values (0,02mm, 0,05 mm, 0,08mm), the other cutting parameters were kept constant. Which one output variables investigated were: tangential cutting force, surface roughness, wheel diametrical wear, G ratio, workpiece microhardness and surface residual stress. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy of the ground surface were used to analyze machined surfaces. The results indicated that the MQL technique allowed to prolong tool life of wheel, however there is damage on the surface finish of machined surfaces (roughness) at depths of cut up values to 0.05 mm. Above this value the MQL method proved did not provide efficiente lubrification and cooling functions. Conventional optimized method showed the best results of roughness, residual stress and least wear of wheel, bur in depth of cut 0.02 mm gave the highest values of tangential cutting force compared to other methods under conditions investigated. Finally, the conventional coolant method presented relatively satisfatory results for most output variables analyzed
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Biscioni, Ricardo Pio Barakat [UNESP]. "Comparação entre os métodos convencional e com bocal modificado de aplicação de fluido de corte no processo de retificação cilíndrica interna." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96493.
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Um processo muito utilizado na indústria metal-mecânica em geral para fabricação de componentes de responsabilidade é a operação de retificação cilíndrica interna de precisão, este processo é utilizado, por exemplo, na fabricação de anéis de rolamento e outros componentes. Atualmente a evolução das máquinas permitiu o aprimoramento deste processo no que diz respeito ao posicionamento e à rigidez do sistema máquina-peça-ferramenta, porém ainda são enfrentados grandes problemas quanto à lubrificação e refrigeração, principalmente no que diz respeito à utilização de fluidos de corte. Este trabalho visa o estudo do comportamento da operação de retificação cilíndrica interna de mergulho a alta velocidade, no processo de acabamento de um aço endurecido SAE 52100, utilizando-se um rebolo convencional e dois métodos de refrigeração: o método de refrigeração convencional e com um bocal modificado. O motivo para o emprego de um bocal modificado reside no fato de se encontrar uma alternativa viável para uma possível substituição do método convencional que consome grande quantidade de fluido, já que estes têm se tornando nas últimas décadas um grande problema para as indústrias, devido aos enormes dados ambientais e humanos que causam. Para efetivar a comparação entre os métodos de refrigeração foram analisados os dados a respeito da rugosidade, erros de circularidade e desgaste diametral do rebolo, além de análise de microdureza e MEV das amostras retificadas para os métodos de refrigeração citados anteriormente. Analisando os resultados a quebra de barreira aerodinâmica e a melhor eficiência da penetração do fluido de corte na região de contato entre o rebolo e a peça foi maior quando se utilizou o bocal modificado com vazão de 21 1/min (25 m/s); os resultados de rugosidade, erro de circularidade e desgaste do rebolo foram sempre...
Precision internal plunge grinding is a process much used in the mechanical industry in general
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Damasceno, Ricardo Fernando. "Análise da influência da profundidade de corte e de diferentes métodos de lubri-refrigeração na retificação plana de aço ABNT 4340 /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96486.
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Orientador: Eduardo Carlos BianchiBanca: Rosemar Batista da Silva
Banca: Gilmar Ferreira Batalha
Resumo: Este trabalho teve o propósito de contribuir com informações sobre a aplicação de fluidos de corte na operação de retificação plana de aço, em especial do ano ABNT 4340 temperado e revenido. Desta forma testados e comparados três métodos de lubri-refrigeração, os quais são: MQL (Mínima Quantidade de Lubrificante), convencional e otimizado. Os testes foram realizados em retificadora plana universal, utilizando um rebolo de cBN Vitrificado. Os fluidos de corte utilizados para os testes foram: emulsão com diluição a 5% para os métodos convencinal e Otimizado, enquanto que para MQL utilizou-se fluido sintético. A fim de obter uma análise comparativa dos desempenhos entre os três métodos, o parâmetro profundidade de corte foi variado em três valores (0,02mm;0,05mm e 0,08mm). Os outros parâmetros de corte, os quais foram mantidos constantes. Como variáveis de saída foram analisadas: força tangencial de corte, rugosidade, desgaste diametral do rebolo, relação G, dureza por microindentação, tensão residual superficial da pela e imagens obtidas no Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura foram também obtidas para analisar a superfície das peças usinadas. Os resultados indicaram que a técnica MQL, permite obter menor desgaste diametral do rebolo, no entanto há prejuízos quanto ao acabamento superficial (rugosidade) em profundidades de corte até 0,05mm, acima deste valor o método MQL mostrou-se incapaz de realizar a lubrirefrigeração de forma eficaz. Já o método otimizado permitiu obter os melhores resultados de rugosidade, menor desgaste diametral do rebolo e induziu menor tensão residual superficial, mas em profundidade de corte de 0,02mm apresentou os maiores valores de força de corte tangencial comparados aos outros métodos. Por fim, o método convencional apresentou resultados medianos em quase todas as variáveis de saída analisadas
Abstract: This work aims to investigate the comparative efficiency of three different colling and lubrificatins system e applied to surface grinding operation. Systems compared are MQL (Minimal Quantify Lubrification), conventional and conventional optimized. Grinding tests were performed on universal grinding machine using a vitrified cBN grinding wheel for grinding, steel samples of ABNT4340 (grade SAE4340) hardened and tempered to 55HRc. The cutting fluid used for testing was soluble oil at 5% for methods and conventional and conventional optimized and synthetic fluid for MQL technique tested. In order to obtain a comparative analysis of performance among the three methods, the depth of cut parameter was varied in three values (0,02mm, 0,05 mm, 0,08mm), the other cutting parameters were kept constant. Which one output variables investigated were: tangential cutting force, surface roughness, wheel diametrical wear, G ratio, workpiece microhardness and surface residual stress. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy of the ground surface were used to analyze machined surfaces. The results indicated that the MQL technique allowed to prolong tool life of wheel, however there is damage on the surface finish of machined surfaces (roughness) at depths of cut up values to 0.05 mm. Above this value the MQL method proved did not provide efficiente lubrification and cooling functions. Conventional optimized method showed the best results of roughness, residual stress and least wear of wheel, bur in depth of cut 0.02 mm gave the highest values of tangential cutting force compared to other methods under conditions investigated. Finally, the conventional coolant method presented relatively satisfatory results for most output variables analyzed
Mestre
Books on the topic "Cutting wheels"
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Kirsch, F. William. Waste minimization assessment for a manufacturer of metal-cutting wheels and components. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1992.
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Effner, Jim. Chisels on a wheel: A comprehensive reference to modern woodworking tools and materials. Ann Arbor, MI: Prakken Publications, 1992.
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Marshall, A. W. Gears, Wheels and Gear Cutting (Past Masters). TEE Publishing Ltd, 1994.
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Project, Yeshe De, ed. Las sgrib rgyun gcod ʼkhor lo =: Dharma wheel cutting karma. Berkeley, CA: Dharma Pub., 1994.
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Wheel and Pinion Cutting in Horology: A Historical and Practical Guide. Crowood Press, Limited, The, 2001.
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Vaughan, David. 6. Minerals as resources. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199682843.003.0006.
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The mineral resources taken from the Earth are now essential for human survival and the growth in consumption in recent years has been dramatic. ‘Minerals as resources’ looks at the different kinds of resources: ores from which metals are extracted, industrial minerals such as fluorite, and chemical minerals such as halite. The properties of minerals are important in how they are used. For example, the carbon mineral, diamond, is the hardest substance known and is used in industry for making cutting tools, whereas the clay mineral, kaolinite, is inert and is used in many manufacturing processes. Zeolites are used to extract impurities from water. But how are these mineral deposits formed?
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Schwartz, Barry. Rethinking Conflict and Collective Memory: The Case of Nanking. Edited by Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195377767.013.20.
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This article examines the politics of collective memory and attribution theory by studying expert and popular beliefs in Japan about the 1937–1938 Nanking Massacre. Memory, when conceived as a product of political conflict, assumes pluralistic and centralized forms. Multiple memories emerge out of a context of cross-cutting interests, coalitions, power networks, and enterprises, as seen in the fate of artistic and presidential reputations, Holocaust commemoration, place-naming, monument-making, and the organization of museums. After discussing the assumptions underlying the politics of memory and attribution theory, the article considers two theories in light of the Nanking debates: the first relates history and memory to power struggles, whereas the second subsumes these struggles under conflicting causal attributions. It also looks at three carrier groups that participate in the Nanking memory war, and particularly in debates over Japan’s moral responsibility for crimes committed in Nanking: maximalists, revisionists, and centrists.
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Vedral, Vlatko. Decoding Reality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815433.001.0001.
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For a physicist, all the world is information. The Universe and its workings are the ebb and flow of information. We are all transient patterns of information, passing on the recipe for our basic forms to future generations using a four-letter digital code called DNA. In this engaging and mind-stretching account, Vlatko Vedral considers some of the deepest questions about the Universe and considers the implications of interpreting it in terms of information. He explains the nature of information, the idea of entropy, and the roots of this thinking in thermodynamics. He describes the bizarre effects of quantum behaviour -- effects such as 'entanglement', which Einstein called 'spooky action at a distance', and explores cutting edge work on harnessing quantum effects in hyperfast quantum computers, and how recent evidence suggests that the weirdness of the quantum world, once thought limited to the tiniest scales, may reach into the macro world. Vedral finishes by considering the answer to the ultimate question: where did all of the information in the Universe come from? The answers he considers are exhilarating, drawing upon the work of distinguished physicist John Wheeler. The ideas challenge our concept of the nature of particles, of time, of determinism, and of reality itself. This edition includes a new foreword from the author, reflecting on changes in the world of quantum information since first publication. Oxford Landmark Science books are 'must-read' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think.
Book chapters on the topic "Cutting wheels"
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Cai, R., H. S. Qi, and Guang Qi Cai. "Active Cutting Edges in Vitrified CBN Grinding Wheels." In Advances in Grinding and Abrasive Technology XIII, 1–7. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-986-5.1.
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Akintseva, A. V., A. V. Prokhorov, and A. A. Kopyrkin. "Assessing Cutting Force: A Study of Varying Internal Grinding Wheels." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 300–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54817-9_35.
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Akintseva, A. V., and P. P. Pereverzev. "Modeling Cutting Force During Internal Grinding with Different Wheel Characteristics." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 548–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54817-9_64.
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Shen, G., and D. X. Zhang. "Rail Inclination, Wheelset Rolling Line Offset and Rail Side–Cutting." In The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and on Tracks, 469–79. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003210900-35.
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Suzuki, Kiyoshi, Shinichi Ninomiya, Manabu Iwai, Y. Tanaka, Yoshihiko Murakami, Sadao Sano, Katsutoshi Tanaka, and Tetsutaro Uematsu. "Attempt of Electrodischarge Grinding with an Electrically Conductive Diamond-Cutting-Edge Wheel." In Advances in Abrasive Technology VIII, 63–66. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-974-1.63.
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Li, B., T. Matsubayashi, and K. Yoshino. "On Performance of Thin Diamond Cut-off Grinding Wheel for Cutting and Grinding Cast iron." In Rapid Product Development, 213–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6379-2_21.
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Ignajtovic, Dragan, Vladimir Pavlovic, Predrag Jovancic, and Sasa Boskovic. "Cutting Parameters Optimization for Difficult Excavating Conditions with Bucket Wheel Excavators on Gracanica Opencast Mine in Gacko." In Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, 303–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02678-7_31.
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Habrat, Witold, Wojciech Skóra, Jolanta B. Królczyk, and Stanisław Legutko. "Effect of Modification of Mono-crystalline Corundum Grinding Wheel on Cutting Forces in Grinding of Aluminum Alloy 7075." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 276–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16943-5_25.
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Suzuki, Kiyoshi, Manabu Iwai, Shinichi Ninomiya, Keizo Takeuchi, Katsutoshi Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, and Tetsutaro Uematsu. "A New Diamond Wheel Containing Boron Doped Diamond Abrasives Enabling Electrically Conductive Cutting Edge and High Thermal Stability." In Advances in Abrasive Technology VIII, 57–62. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-974-1.57.
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Ryazanov, Sergey, and Mikhail Reshetnikov. "Development of a Computer Simulation Model for Shaping the Working Surface of a Worm Wheel with a Gear Cutting Tool with Modified Producing Surface." In Recent Research in Control Engineering and Decision Making, 308–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65283-8_25.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Cutting wheels"
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Krueger, Darrell R., and Matthew G. Dick. "Evaluation of Forces on Derailed Wheels Using Soil Cutting Theory." In 2009 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2009-63057.
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Much research has been performed on predicting the derailment of a rail car when properly situated on rails. However, less work has been performed on evaluating what happens to a railcar’s wheel after derailment. Recent work has used a simplified off-track ground friction coefficient to aid in the prediction of post-derailment car trajectories. This paper uses soil cutting theory to investigate the lateral and longitudinal forces acting on a derailed wheel in different soil types. Findings are compared to the use of the simplified off-track ground friction and may improve the accuracy of current derailment simulation techniques.
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Weiß, Markus, Fritz Klocke, Sebastian Barth, Matthias Rasim, and Patrick Mattfeld. "Detailed Analysis and Description of Grinding Wheel Topographies." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9413.
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In this paper, an innovative approach for the description of the functional properties of a grinding wheel surface is discussed. First, the state of the art in the description of grinding wheel topographies is summarized. Furthermore, the fundamentals for a new approach for the quantitative description of grinding wheel topographies are provided. In order to analyze the functional properties of a grinding wheel’s topography depending on its specification, grinding experiments were carried out. For the experimental investigations both vitrified and synthetic resin bonded grinding wheels with varied compositions were analyzed. During the experiments, the topographies of the investigated grinding wheel surfaces have been analyzed in detail. The developed software tool allows for a detailed description of the kinematic cutting edges depending on the grinding process parameters and the grinding wheel. In addition to the calculation of the number of kinematic cutting edges and the area per cutting edge a differentiation of the cutting edge areas in normal and tangential areas of the grinding wheel’s circumferential direction is implemented. This enables a detailed analysis and a quantitative comparison of grinding wheel topographies related to different grinding wheel specifications. In addition, the influence of the dressing process and wear conditions can be evaluated. The new approach allows a better characterization of the contact conditions between grinding wheel and workpiece. Hence, the impact of a specific topography on the grinding process behavior and the grinding result can be revealed.
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Lee, ChaBum. "Precision Cutting Tool Wear Monitoring Method by Knife-Edge Diffraction Interferometry." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6463.
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This paper presents a non-contact, convenient, efficient cutting tool wear monitoring technique of dicing wheel based on a knife-edge diffraction interferometry. Dicing is a standard technology for fabricating components of micro-electromechanical systems, and the wear of dicing wheels may influence the components’ quality with respect to cutting-surface quality and subsurface damage. Based on the edge diffraction principle that utilizes interference of transmitted wave and a diffracted wave at the wheel end, the diffraction patterns according to dicing wheel conditions were scanned, and cross-correlation was used to extract attrition and abrasive wear from the measured diffraction patterns. Attrition and abrasive wear were related with lag and similarity coefficients of cross-correlation, respectively. This measurement technique can be used for in-process monitoring of wheel conditions or wheel radius compensation and can be included in dicing parameter optimization process.
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Ragavanantham, S., S. Sampathkumar, and S. Santhosh Kumar. "A Study of Temperature Distribution and its Effect on Grinding Wheel Surface During Wheel Loading." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67952.
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The cutting ability of abrasive grains is considerably changed by wheel loading and leads to excessive rubbing at the wheel-work interface. Therefore, the wheel life, the overall performance of the grinding operation and the surface finish of the work piece are directly having an effect by the amount of loading over the wheel periphery. Wheel loading can, thus, be considered as an important factor for evaluating the grinding process. Though, few monitoring systems based on ultra sound and acoustic emissions are on the research anvil, they demand high investment. Monitoring of grinding wheel loading, using IR (Infra Red) which is affordable and cost effective for small scale industries is the scope of the present work. This work involves study on the temperature on cutting surface of grinding wheel during machining process. This information helps to understand the influence of temperature on wheel loading. In this respect, the experiments were carried out with Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) grinding wheels over High carbon High chromium steel (HCHCr) and Mild steel specimens. The grinding wheels and specimens were chosen for pilot study, as they are widely used in Indian small scale Industries. The experiments were carried out with (WC) and without (WOC) general purpose soluble oil coolant. Temperature measurements were recorded at two locations on the grinding wheel to understand the distribution. The results show that the temperature rise during grinding was insignificant to cause any influence on the wheel loading.
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Altukhova, V. V., and B. Ya Mokritskii. "Cutting plate front surface for an effective chip formation in recovery turning of railway wheels." In 2015 International Conference on Fluid Power and Mechatronics (FPM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpm.2015.7337301.
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Palese, Joseph W., Allan M. Zarembski, and Kyle Ebersole. "Stochastic Analysis of Transit Wheel Wear and Optimized Forecasting of Wheel Maintenance Requirements." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1305.
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As transit vehicle wheels accrue mileage, they experience flange and tread wear based on the contact between the railhead and wheel-running surface. When wheels wear excessively, the likelihood of accidents and derailments increases. Thus, regular maintenance is performed on the wheels, until they require replacement. One common maintenance practice is truing; using a specially designed cutting machine to bring a wheel back to an acceptable profile. This process removes metal from the wheel and is often based on wheel flange thickness standards (and sometimes wheel flange angle). Wheel replacement is usually driven by rim thickness, which is continually reduced by wear and metal removed by truing. This research study used wheel wear data provided by the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) to analyze wheel wear trends and forecast wheel maintenance (truing based on flange thickness) and wheel life (replacement based on rim thickness). Using automatic wheel-scanning technology, NYCTA was able to collect wheel profile measurements for nearly 4,000 wheels in its fleet over a six-month period, measured weekly. The resulting wheel measurement data was analyzed using advanced stochastic techniques to determine relationships for the changes in flange thickness over time for each wheel in the fleet. Flange thickness wear rate relationships for each wheel were then used to forecast the time it would take for a wheel to reach the flange thickness maintenance threshold as defined by NYCTA standards. Furthermore, a subpopulation of wheels that exhibited very high rates of wear were classified as “bad actors” and identified for further investigation to understand the cause of accelerated wear. This allows for identification and addressing of causal factors that relate to accelerated wear, such as angle of attack and L/V ratio. NYCTA has recently started capturing such data that relates truck performance, which can be related to rate of wear.
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Cassier, Zulay, Patricia Mun˜oz-Escalona, and Carlos Tepedino. "Influence of the Cutting Variables on the Surface Roughness of Alloy Steels Machined With Cylindrical Grinding." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2312.
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In machining precision mechanical parts, the prediction and the control of the desired surface roughness is very important. The grinding process requires a good control of the operative variables to guarantee best results. This research analyses the influence of the cutting variables such as workpiece speed, wheels grain size, down feed, and workpiece hardness on the surface finish and it is shown how the surface roughness improves when using low values of workpiece speed, transverse feed and down feed, as well as a small wheel grain size. A mathematical expression for roughness, Ra, as a function of the cutting variables and the mechanical properties, is obtained in order to predict the value of surface roughness. AISI 4140, AISI 4340 and AISI O1 alloy steels under different conditions were used for the experiments.
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VITAN, Daniel Cosmin. "RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE POSSIBILITIES OF MODERNIZING THE CUTTING WHEELS OF THE EXTRACTION TOWER OF SLANIC PRAHOVA SALT MINE." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/1.3/s03.071.
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Staniek, Roman. "Shaping of the Face Worm Gear by Means of the Single Edge Cutting Tool." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59218.
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The theoretical basics of forming the face toothings in flat wheels of spiroid gears by means of a single cutting edge tool, using NC machine tools, have been presented in the paper. Based on kinematics - geometrical formulas, there is described a geometrical model of creating the tooth spaces, as well as a geometrical model of determination of the modification depth along the tooth line. Equations of the tooth line have been calculated, as well as mathematical formulas enabling the determination of the modification depth, assuming the correct matching of the worm with the flat worm wheel of the spiroid gear. Based on geometrical models and mathematical formulas algorithms have been elaborated in order to determine the envelope condition and modification depth of the tooth line. Then, on the basis of the algorithms computer programs have been elaborated that are going to be used to design the flat spiroid gears, as well as to calculate their geometrical dimensions. It has also been possible to illustrate the modification depth along the tooth line. The simulation results have been illustrated by the gear example. Finally two methods are presented of machining the face toothings in spiroid gears with a single edge-cutting tool: accurate and approximate ones. Based on the algorithms and programs a comparative simulation of both methods has been elaborated.
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Yoshino, Hidehiro, Fumihiro Ohshima, and Ming Shao. "Finishing of Tooth Flanks of Pinion Cutter With Profiled Grinding Wheel in Consideration of Accuracy of Cutting Edge After Regrinding." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/ptg-14418.
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Abstract Two kinds of relief grinding methods for pinion cutters with profiled grinding wheels are proposed. One method finishes an involute pinion cutter with almost no regrinding error by giving the helical motion smaller or larger than that corresponding to the helix angle of the pinion cutter. Another is for a pinion cutter with an arbitrary profile, including the involute pinion cutter with a modified profile or protuberance. The tooth flank is finished by giving the three motions, i.e., the helical and approaching motions between the grinding wheel and work pinion cutter and the shifting motion of the grinding wheel. The profile calculation was conducted by using the element removal method. It was shown that the regrinding errors of the pinion cutters being finished by the proposed methods become smaller than that of pinion cutters finished by giving only the approaching motion (conventional method). The finishing tests of the involute helical pinion cutters were carried out on the CNC gear form-grinding machine with the four controlled axes. The profiles of cutting edges of the finished pinion cutters almost agreed with the calculated ones.