Relevant bibliographies by topics / CVP analysis

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'CVP analysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "CVP analysis"

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Derighetti, Antoine. "Conditional expectations on CVp(G). Applications." Journal of Functional Analysis 247, no. 1 (June 2007): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2007.03.003.

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Jakupi, Shefket Zeqir, Bedri Statovci, and Besart Hajrizi. "Break-Even Analysis as a powerful tool in Decision-Making." International Journal of Management Excellence 9, no. 3 (October 31, 2017): 1169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v9i3.940.

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This research paper is based on the contemporary techniques presented in the discipline of CVP Analysis. Techniques applied to carry out a complete and accurate financial analysis based on the CVP Analysis. In this paper, an application of theoretical concepts of the CVP Analysis has been realized. The quality of information and the recognition of specific features of business activity influence the achievement of a qualitative analysis. The cost-volume-profit analysis (CVP Analysis) is a powerful tool for planning and making decisions. Since the CVP analysis highlights the reciprocal cost ratio, the quantity sold and the price, it brings together all the financial information of the enterprise.
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Sanfilippo, Filippo, Alberto Noto, Gennaro Martucci, Marco Farbo, Gaetano Burgio, and Daniele G. Biasucci. "Central venous pressure monitoring via peripherally or centrally inserted central catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Vascular Access 18, no. 4 (June 23, 2017): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000749.

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Introduction The central venous pressure (CVP) is the most commonly used static marker of preload for guiding fluid therapy in critically ill patients, though its usefulness remains controversial. Centrally inserted central catheters (CICCs) are the gold-standard devices for CVP monitoring but peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) may represent a valid alternative. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim to investigate whether the difference between PICC- and CICC-measured CVP is not significant. Methods We searched for clinical studies published in PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception until December 21st 2016. We included studies providing data on paired and simultaneous CVP measurement from PICCs and CICCs. We conducted two analyses on the values of CVP, the first one according to the total number of CVP assessments, the second one considering the number of patients recruited. Results Four studies matched the inclusion criteria, but only three of them provided data for the meta-analyses. Both analyses showed non-significant differences between PICC-measured and CICC-measured CVP: 1489 paired simultaneous CVP assessments (MD 0.16, 95%CI −0.14, 0.45, p = 0.30) on a total of 57 patients (MD 0.22, 95%CI −1.46, 1.91, p = 0.80). Both analyses showed no heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Conclusions Available evidence supports that CVP monitoring with PICCs is accurate and reproduces similar values to those obtained from CICCs. The possibility to monitor CVP should not be used among clinical criteria for preferring a CICC over a PICC line.
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Dianawati, Wiwiek. "Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Untuk Kondisi Uncertainty." AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi 2, no. 1 (October 11, 2010): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v2n1.p43-54.

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AbstrackHotels tend to have a high level of fixed cost owing to the levels of investment required. This should result in above normal profits in good times, as variable costs remaining will form a smaller proportion of additional revenue. However, while high profits can be achieved above the break-even point, high losses will result if revenue is significantly reduced. Thus much attention is given to the traditional CVP model (which ignores uncertainty), as failure to cover fixed costs in the long term can result bankruptcy for organization. This article examines the basic CVP model and describes how to include uncertainty during the decision making process.Key words: CVP model, Break-Even Point, uncertainty
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Sala-Mercado, Javier A., Mohsen Moslehpour, Robert L. Hammond, Masashi Ichinose, Xiaoxiao Chen, Sell Evan, Donal S. O'Leary, and Ramakrishna Mukkamala. "Stimulation of the cardiopulmonary baroreflex enhances ventricular contractility in awake dogs: a mathematical analysis study." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 307, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): R455—R464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00510.2013.

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The cardiopulmonary baroreflex responds to an increase in central venous pressure (CVP) by decreasing total peripheral resistance and increasing heart rate (HR) in dogs. However, the direction of ventricular contractility change is not well understood. The aim was to elucidate the cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of ventricular contractility during normal physiological conditions via a mathematical analysis. Spontaneous beat-to-beat fluctuations in maximal ventricular elastance ( Emax), which is perhaps the best available index of ventricular contractility, CVP, arterial blood pressure (ABP), and HR were measured from awake dogs at rest before and after β-adrenergic receptor blockade. An autoregressive exogenous input model was employed to jointly identify the three causal transfer functions relating beat-to-beat fluctuations in CVP to Emax (CVP → Emax), which characterizes the cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of ventricular contractility, ABP to Emax, which characterizes the arterial baroreflex control of ventricular contractility, and HR to Emax, which characterizes the force-frequency relation. The CVP → Emax transfer function showed a static gain of 0.037 ± 0.010 ml−1 (different from zero; P < 0.05) and an overall time constant of 3.2 ± 1.2 s. Hence, Emax would increase and reach steady state in ∼16 s in response to a step increase in CVP, without any change to ABP or HR, due to the cardiopulmonary baroreflex. Following β-adrenergic receptor blockade, the CVP → Emax transfer function showed a static gain of 0.0007 ± 0.0113 ml−1 (different from control; P < 0.10). Hence, Emax would change little in steady state in response to a step increase in CVP. Stimulation of the cardiopulmonary baroreflex increases ventricular contractility through β-adrenergic receptor system mediation.
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González, Luis. "Multiproduct CVP analysis based on contribution rules." International Journal of Production Economics 73, no. 3 (October 2001): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(01)00116-5.

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Zaichko, N. V., D. O. Nekrut, M. B. Lutsyuk, and M. A. Artemchuk. "Analysis of some homocysteine contradictions." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 22, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2018-22(1)-45.

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The existence of contradictory data in the literature and the lack of convincing evidence of the causes of hyperhomocysteinemia syndrome (HHC) associated with the disease give opposing views to the practical significance of high levels of homocysteine (HC) in plasma in patients. The article is written for the aim of having theoretical analysis of ambiguous, sometimes paradoxical data, on the problem of HHC, on the example of its association with cardiovascular pathology (CVP). The following paradoxes are formulated. The first paradox: in the part of clinical work, there was no link between moderate HHC and the risk of CVP. The second paradox: the prescription of vitamin B6, B9, B12 to patients for the prevention and treatment of CVP is usually accompanied by a significant reduction in the level of HC in plasma, but is not always realized by a decrease in the number of cardiovascular events. The third paradox: the mechanisms of the occurrence of HHC have not yet been identified in people with CVP or other diseases that correlate with the level of HC. Exceptions are only cases of these people having insufficient vitamins B6, B9, B12 taking part in the exchange of HC, or congenital defects of enzymes metabolism HC. The fourth paradox: in contrast to controversial clinical research, the results of experimental work are virtually unequivocal - artificial HHC pathogenetically associated with the development of CVP and other types of associated pathology. Thus, analysis of literary sources suggests the existence of opposing opinions, especially clinicians, about the role of HHC in the formation of cardiovascular pathology and the benefits of hypohomocysteinemic therapy. We believe that a definite value for the explanation of the contradictions will be focused research in the following areas: a) whether an increased level of HC is a cause, marker or consequence of cardiovascular disease; and b) whether HC is only a passive intermediate catabolism product of methionine or a biologically active compound with specific metabolic functions, the violation of which may take place both in the HHC, as well as due to hypohomocysteinemic therapy.
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Solal-Celigny, Philippe, Kevin Imrie, Andrew Belch, Katherine Sue Robinson, David Cunningham, Antonio Rueda, John Catalano, et al. "Mabthera (Rituximab) Plus CVP Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Stage III/IV Follicular Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL): Confirmed Efficacy with Longer Follow-Up." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.350.350.

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Abstract Design/Methods: We recently demonstrated in a phase III trial that the addition of rituximab to each of 8 cycles of CVP (R-CVP) chemotherapy significantly improves the clinical outcome of previously untreated patients with stage III/IV CD20 positive follicular NHL when compared to CVP alone (Marcus et al., Blood2005; 105: 1417–23). A multivariate Cox regression analysis of time to progression or death (TTP) showed a treatment benefit in all patient subgroups according to baseline risk factors, except for patients with a baseline hemoglobin level below normal. We now present an updated analysis of all major trial endpoints with 42 months follow-up (FU). Results: A total of 321 patients (median age 53 years) were recruited (159 CVP, 162 R-CVP). Approximately half of the patients had high-risk disease according to the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI, score 3–5). The median TTP was more than doubled for patients receiving R-CVP compared to CVP alone (33.6 months vs 14.5 months, p&lt;0.0001). Median time to new lymphoma treatment or death (TNLT) was 12.3 months in the CVP group and nearly quadrupled to 46.3 months in the R-CVP group (p&lt;0.0001). Superior response rates for R-CVP were confirmed (CR+CRu rate 41% vs 11%, p&lt;0.0001) with a median response duration (DR) of 13.5 months in the CVP arm versus 37.7 months in the R-CVP arm. Median disease free survival (DFS) in complete responders was 44.8 months for patients receiving R-CVP and 20.5 months in patients receiving CVP alone (p=0.0005). Thirty-five patients in the CVP arm and 23 patients in the R-CVP arm have died. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 3-year OS rates were 81% in the CVP arm and 89% in the R-CVP (p=0.07). Importantly, significantly more patients receiving CVP died due to lymphoma progression compared to patients receiving R-CVP (25 vs 12 deaths, p=0.02). Subgroup analysis for TTP, ORR, DR and OS according to risk factors at baseline are ongoing and will be presented. Conclusion: With longer FU, the combination of 8 cycles of rituximab with CVP chemotherapy continues to provide a major benefit as first line treatment for patients with advanced stage follicular NHL. Kaplan Meier plot of time to death due to disease progression Kaplan Meier plot of time to death due to disease progression
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Alavi-Moghaddam, Mostafa, Ali Kabir, Majid Shojaee, Mohammad Manouchehrifar, and Mehrdad Moghimi. "Ultrasonography of inferior vena cava to determine central venous pressure: a meta-analysis and meta-regression." Acta Radiologica 58, no. 5 (September 30, 2016): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185116663045.

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Background Until now, no valid alternative exists for predicting central venous pressure (CVP) with lower invasiveness than central venous catheter. Purpose To explore inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) measurement accuracy by ultrasonography as a surrogate variable for determination of central venous pressure (CVP). Material and Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar were conducted from inception to July 2013. We used the STROBE checklist for quality assessment and meta-regression. Results Thirty-seven papers with 2843 cases were identified. The correlation coefficients between each one of IVCD, inspiratory IVC (iIVC), IVC collapsibility index (IVCCI), and expiratory IVC (eIVC) with CVP, were 0.68, 0.60, 0.54, and 0.44, respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias ( P = 0.28). Based on meta-regression, male gender was an important source of heterogeneity (OR = 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1–1.03), which resulted in a higher correlation between IVCD and CVP. The present study showed a higher strength of association with CVP pertaining to IVCD, iIVC, IVCCI, and eIVC, respectively, and they were higher in men. Conclusion This study does not support the measurement of IVCD by ultrasonography as an acceptable surrogate variable to determine CVP among critical patients.
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Ermekbaev, A. Z., and S. A. Kim. "CVP -ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE BUSINESS PLANNING." EurasianUnionScientists 1, no. 69 (2019): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2019.1.69.472.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CVP analysis"

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Максименко, В. С. "Напрями підвищення ефективності роботи туристистичних підприємств на ринку ділового туризму (на прикладі туроператора «Форсаж-Тур»)." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Maksimenko.pdf.

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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче
У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти забезпечення ефективності діяльності туристичних підприємств на ринку ділового туризму. Висвітлено сутність та особливості розвитку ділового туризму. Проаналізовано перелік об’єктів ділового туризму у світі та на території України. Надано загальну характеристику туристичного оператора «Форсаж-Тур»». Проаналізовано фінансову-господарську діяльність туроператора «Форсаж-Тур» за 2018-2020 роки. Запропоновано проектування та впровадження нового туристичного продукту «Назад у майбутнє», який відповідає критеріям ділового туризму. Проведено калькуляцію майбутнього туру. Обґрунтовано економічна доцільність впровадження нового туру для туристичного підприємства.
The work deals with the theoretical aspects ensuring the efficiency of economic activity of the tourism industry in the market of business tourism. The essence and features of development of business tourism are highlighted. The list of objects of business tourism on the territory of Ukraine is analyzed. The general description of the tourist operator "Forsage-Tour" is given. The financial-economic activity of tour operator «Forsage-Tour» for 2018-2020 has been analyzed. The design and implementation of the new tourist product "Rotterdam. Back to the future", which meets the criteria of business tourism, is proposed. The calculation of the forthcoming tour is carried out. The economic expediency of introducing a new tour for a tourist enterprise is substantiated.
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Сорока, Ю. В. "Напрями підвищення ефективності туроператорської діяльності у сфері подієвого туризму (на прикладі ТОВ «Макінтур»)." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Sopoka1.pdf.

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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче
У роботі розглядаються теоретичні засади забезпечення ефективної діяльності туристичних підприємств у сфері подієвого туризму. Досліджено значення різноманітних видів подій для організації туристичної діяльності в світі та в Україні. Розглянуто напрямки державної підтримки подієвого туризму. Проаналізовано фінансово-господарську діяльність туристичного оператора «Макінтур» за 2018-2020 рр. Винайдено резерви підвищення ефективності діяльності підприємства за рахунок диверсифікації послуг. Запропоновано розробка нового подієвого туру, що передбачає відвідання туристами з м. Київ Одеського міжнародного кінофестивалю. Обґрунтована економічна доцільність впровадження до асортименту підприємства вказаного туристичного продукту.
The work deals with the theoretical aspects of ensuring the effective activity of tourism enterprises in the market of event tourism. The importance of various types of events for organizing tourist activity in the world and in Ukraine is highlighted. The directions of state support for event tourism are considered. Author analysis the financial-economic activity of the tourist operator «Macintur» for 2018-2020. Provisions were made for increasing the efficiency of the enterprise through diversification of services. Author proposed the introduction of a new event tour, which involves visiting the Kiev tourists of the Odessa International Film Festival. The economic expediency of the development of event tours for a tourist enterprise is substantiated.
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Lund, Simon. "Good cop, bad cop? : A corpus analysis on the semantic prosody of the noun cop." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71622.

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The public opinion on the favourability towards the police varies greatly in the different populations in the United States. This is a corpus linguistic study that investigates a possible change in semantic prosody of the word cop. The study also investigates the distribution of the keyword in the different subcorpora to see if it has driven an overall change in the semantic prosody. The source is the Corpus of Historical American English, dating from 1800 to 2009. The Corpus of Historical American English is divided into four subcategories that have a median of 51% fictional material throughout the corpus. The four subcategories in the corpus are fiction, news, popular magazines, and non-fictional books. The data are divided into two categories, the first one being the positive/neutral category and the second category being the negative category. Neutral/positive is when cop is used with neutral or positive connotations and the negative is when cop is used with negative connotations. The period studied is that of 1859 to 2009 and this time span is divided into four periods to be more manageable. The distribution of the word in the subcorpora shows that the cop is used mostly in fictional material. The results show that the use of cop in contextual positive or neutral situations increase during the time span. To further this matter additional studies on cop in other corpora from America and other parts of the speaking world would benefit the knowledge on the noun’s semantic prosody and to further knowledge in the public opinion on the police.
Befolkningens attityd i de Förenta staterna varierar kraftigt mellan olika grupperingarna inom landet. Detta är en korpuslingvistisk studie som undersöker en möjlig semantisk prosodisk förändring hos ordet cop. Studien utgår ifrån Corpus of Historical American English som dateras mellan 1800 – 2009. Den semantiska prosodin undersöks genom att dela in träffarna i två kategorier, användning i neutral/positiv semantisk prosodi och användning i negativ semantisk prosodi. Studien undersöker även distributionen av ordet i korpusens underkorpus för att se om distributionen kan ha en koppling till semantisk prosodi. Underkorpusen är skönlitteratur, nyheter, populärmagasin och icke skönlitterära böcker. Tidsperioden som undersöks är 1859 – 2009 och denna period delas in i fyra mindre, mer hanterbara perioder. Resultatet visar att cop använts i en majoritet av skönlitterära texter i korpusen. Undersökningen visar att det finns en majoritet av negativ semantisk prosodisk användning under period 1 och 2. Period 3 skiftar lite mellan kategorierna men från 1940 hamnar cop i neutrala/positiv majoritet och Period 4 har en stark positiv semantisk prosodisk trend. Studien visar att cop har genomgått en förändring i ordets semantiska prosodi från negativ till neutral/positiv. För att utöka kunskapen kring detta ämne skulle fler undersökningar i fler korpus från de Förenta staterna och resten av den engelsktalande världen behöva göras. Detta skulle öka kunskapen kring ordets semantiska prosodi och kunna ge viss insikt i den offentliga attityden gentemot polisväsendet.
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Flogvall, Carl, and Stefan Nordenskjöld. "A regression analysis of NHL cap hits." Thesis, KTH, Matematik (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155194.

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This report is a study if a multi linear regression could be used to predict the cap hit of hockey forwards from the NHL. Data was collected during the 2010-2011, 2011-2012, and 2012-2013 seasons. The chosen variables were common hockey statistics and a few none hockey-related, like origin and age. The initial model was improved by removing insignicant covariates, detected by BIC-test and p-values. The final model consisted of 291 players and had an adjusted R2-value of 0,7820. Of the covariates, goals, assists and ice time had the biggest impact on a player's cap hit.
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Kungsman, Jimmy. "Semiclassical approximation of Dirac resonances using the CAP method." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och tillämpad matematik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172750.

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Sudwell, Mark Ian. "Chronic back pain : a narrative analysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367457.

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Pearson, Simon Nathaniel. "America’s Cup sailing: Biomechanics and conditioning for performance in grinding." AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/924.

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Grinding is integral to tacking and gybing manoeuvres in America’s Cup sailing. Grinding is a standing position cyclic upper body task requiring manual arm cranking of winches, which control movement of the mast and sails. Limited information exists on biomechanical factors involved in grinding performance. This thesis determined technique and muscular performance characteristics of sailors related to grinding performance, and effects of a training intervention on grinding performance. Reliability of grinding ergometer performance testing was evaluated across direction, load and heel conditions. In all conditions relative performance between individuals was consistent (r = 0.84-0.99) and the grinding performance test differentiated well between individuals. External work had lower overall variation (1.6-3.9%) than peak power (1.3-5.4%), especially when grinding against greater loads. Grinding performance was less consistent in heeled conditions (4.6-6.9%) than on the flat, but grinding direction did not affect reliability. Performance changes over 4% could be interpreted with confidence. Peak torque occurred at 95° (77 N m) and 35° (69 N m) for forward and backward grinding respectively (0° = grinding crank vertically up). Torque of >50 N m was maintained through 72% of the cycle during forward grinding but only 47% for backward grinding. Differences were attributed to a greater spread of active muscles throughout the cycle for forward grinding, and contrasting movements contributing most to torque – upper body push for forward grinding and pull for backward grinding. Variant characteristics of the two grinding directions provide some explanation for the significant advantage (+8.0%, p<0.001) when grinding in pairs with an anterior-posterior heel compared to a medio-lateral heel. Movement characteristics did not readily explain why an anterior-posterior heel may be more advantageous under higher grinding loads (1.0%, p = 0.254), while medio-lateral heel is better at lower loads (2.0%, p = 0.017). Muscular performance of sailors, examined using an instrumented Smith machine, showed force and 1RM strength were greater in the bench press by ~17%. Velocity and power output were greater for the bench pull across the range of loads with the difference increasing exponentially as load increased to over 400% higher at 1RM load. Bench press 1RM and maximum force capability demonstrated strongest correlations with forward grinding performance (r = 0.88-0.99 and 0.87-0.99 respectively) with the relationship increasing with grinding load. There was a strong relationship for backward grinding with bench pull maximum power (r = 0.85-0.98) in addition to 1RM (r = 0.90-0.95) and maximum force (r = 0.87-0.95). Backward grinding performance showed greater improvements in the power-focussed training group than the control group for moderate (+1.8%) and heavy load (+6.0%) grinding in the intervention study. Changes in maximum power output and power at 1RM had large correlations (r = 0.56-0.61) with changes in both moderate and heavy load grinding performance. Time to peak force explained 70% of the change in heavy load grinding performance. Performance benefits from the training intervention were not entirely clear, but the likelihood of a detrimental effect was low (<5%), therefore further training intervention was recommended.
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Malak, Ramez. "2D gel analysis on CNP-overexpressing mouse brain." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79041.

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2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3 '-phosphodiesterase (CNP) is an early marker for oligodendrocytes, and it is suspected to be implicated in the expansion of membranes during myelination. We have previously generated transgenic mice that overexpress CNP. These mice showed altered oligodendroyte development, produced aberrant myelination, and had less MBP accumulated in myelin. More interestingly, ODCs isolated from those mice had a tremendous increase in the process extension formation. The purpose of the present study is to compare the protein expression pattern in the myelin isolated from control and CNP overexpressing mice (L191), using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We found that CNP overexpression increases HSC70, and HSP70, and decreases MAG expression in myelin. We also found that the mRNA for MAG, in L191 brain was identical to control brain during all stages of development. These findings suggest that CNP may be implicated with HSC70 in vesicular transport, and this may explain the mechanism of process extension mediated by CNP.
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Mi, Jian. "SiC Growth by Laser CVD and Process Analysis." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062006-135055/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Lackey, W. Jack, Committee Chair ; Cochran, Joe K., Committee Member ; Danyluk, Steven, Committee Member ; Fedorov, Andrei G., Committee Member ; Rosen, David W., Committee Member ; Wang, Zhonglin, Committee Member.
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Eriksson, Olof. "Techno Economic Analysis of Reverse Osmosis Combined with CSP + PV in Kuwait." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34521.

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Seawater desalination plays an important role when fighting the freshwater scarcity that many places around the world are currently facing. The increasing need for desalinated water is followed by a high energy demand. It is therefore essential that an expansion of desalination capacity is accompanied by a parallel use of renewable energy sources in this process. This thesis presents a techno-economic study on a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant, with a nominal power consumption of 15 MW, that is powered by a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant combined with a photovoltaic (PV) power plant, in Kuwait. The main aim of this thesis was to find which system designs would give the lowest global warming potential and levelized cost of the desalinated water. In addition, it has been investigated how electricity price and emission allowance cost could make a solar power plant competitive to the grid. For this purpose, some components in the whole system were simulated using System Advisor Model and Engineering Equation Solver. With the results obtained from the simulations, a dynamic model of the whole system was developed in MATLAB, Simulink where simulations were done for a typical meteorological year in Shagaya, Kuwait. Both on-grid and off-grid systems were considered.   In the on-grid case, the lowest cost of water was obtained with only PV (ca 0.65 USD/m3) and this could reduce carbon emissions by 30 % compared to only using the grid. Combining CSP and PV could reduce the carbon emissions by 85 % but with a 35 % increase in water cost. It was found that an electricity price of 0.1 USD/kWh or an emission allowance cost of 70 USD/tCO2-eq would make a CSP + PV plant competitive to the grid. These results indicate that the choice of which system is best for powering an on-grid RO plant depends on how the environmental and economic factors are prioritised. In the case of the off-grid system, both the lowest cost of water (ca 0.9 USD/m3) and the highest capacity factor were obtained with a CSP + PV plant with 16 h of storage, a solar multiple of 3 and a PV capacity of 28 MW.
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Books on the topic "CVP analysis"

1

Hadley, S. W. Analysis of CHP potential at federal sites. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2002.

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Tonfoni, Graziella. Abitare il testo: Percorso ipertestuale nell'ambiente comunicativo CPP-TRS. Milano: Pagus, 1995.

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Bland, Samuel R. Interactive grid generation program for CAP-TSD. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Wallace, Michael. CAP reform and Northern Ireland agriculture: A case study analysis. Belfast: Queen's University of Belfast, Agricultural and Food Economics, 1993.

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A, Schneider S., ed. The modelling and analysis of security protocols: The CSP approach. Harlow: Addison-Wesley, 2001.

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Dobson, J. E. NOAA coastal change analysis program C-CAP: Guidance for regional implementation.. Seattle, Wa: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995.

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Lagan, Kevin. A match analysis of world cup soccer: Towards a performance model. (s.l: The Author), 2002.

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Micro-cap III: An electronic circuit analysis program : ...adapted for education. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1991.

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Electronic devices and circuits using MICRO-CAP III. New York: Merrill, 1993.

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Jacques, Derrida. L' autre cap ; suivi de La démocratie ajournée. Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "CVP analysis"

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Dohadailo, Yana, Iryna Kyrchata, Tetiana Kovalova, Illia Dmytriiev, and Peter Lošonczi. "6 Continuous CVP-analysis as a key tool of anti-crisis management of an enterprise in the conditions of sustainable development in the VUCA-world." In Problems and prospects of development of the road transport complex: financing, management, innovation, quality, safety – integrated approach, 81–95. Kharkiv, Ukraine: PRIVAT COMPANY TECHNOLOGY CENTER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/978-617-7319-45-9.ch6.

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Fabbris, Luigi. "The top candidate is an intermediate one: An analysis of online posts of Veneto industries." In Proceedings e report, 19–24. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.05.

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The paper describes the results of an experimental study carried out by sending bogus CVs in response to online posts. To each post related to a job vacation in a Veneto industry a number of five CVs was created and sent. The CVs were created so to experimentally evaluate the likelihood of discrimination against certain categories of candidates. The variability of call back rates of the addressed industries was analysed to elicit possible relationships between recruiters’ taste and gender, nationality, academic curriculum and other social characteristics of applicants. Contrary to expectations, women obtained more call backs than male counterparts and graduates in a social or humanistic discipline were called back more than graduates in a scientific or technical one. Even the possession of a car was negatively evaluated by recruiters. As expected, instead, foreign-born candidates obtained far less call backs than Italian ones. A multivariate analysis drew us to the conclusion that the largest part of online posts was destined to candidates who belonged to intermediate categories, that is, to candidates being the best once the bottom and the top candidates were skimmed. The worst candidates were excluded for intuitive reasons, while the excellent ones – we conjecture – were left aside because recruiters guessed they would demand more than companies were available to give. These outcomes could help graduates in their duty of preparing an ad hoc CV.
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Lichters, Roland, Roland Stamm, and Donal Gallagher. "Single Trade CVA." In Modern Derivatives Pricing and Credit Exposure Analysis, 79–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137494849_9.

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Ruggieri, Salvatore, and Fred Mesnard. "Typing Linear Constraints for Moding CLP( ${\cal R}$ ) Programs." In Static Analysis, 128–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69166-2_9.

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Holter, Ø., A. Roux, and S. Perraut. "Structure Analysis of Geosynchronous Substorm Oscillations." In Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena, 369–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5214-3_28.

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Ouaknine, Joël, Hristina Palikareva, A. W. Roscoe, and James Worrell. "Static Livelock Analysis in CSP." In CONCUR 2011 – Concurrency Theory, 389–403. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23217-6_26.

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Li, Liyi, Elsa Gunter, and William Mansky. "Symbolic Analysis Tools for CSP." In Theoretical Aspects of Computing – ICTAC 2014, 295–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10882-7_18.

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Li, Tun, Yang Guo, and Si-Kun Li. "CLP Based Static Property Checking." In Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis, 495–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30476-0_44.

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Keaveney, Jenny, and Bruce Woodcock. "Analysing yourself." In Graduate CVs and Covering Letters, 13–26. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60627-3_3.

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Handjieva, Maria. "Stan: A static analyzer for CLP({ie383-01}) based on abstract interpretation." In Static Analysis, 383–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61739-6_54.

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Conference papers on the topic "CVP analysis"

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Jiang, Yan, and Zhirong Shen. "Study on the Application of CVP Analysis in Catering Industry." In 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-17.2017.195.

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Wijeyeratne, Navindra, Firat Irmak, Ali P. Gordon, and Jun-Young Jeon. "Crystal Visco-Plastic Model for Ni-Base Superalloys Under Thermomechanical Fatigue." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14163.

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Abstract Gas turbine blades are subjected to complex mechanical loading coupled with extreme thermal loading conditions which range from room temperature to over 1000°C. Nickel-base superalloys exhibit high strength, good resistance to corrosion and oxidation, long fatigue life and is capable of withstanding high temperatures for extended periods of time. Consequently, Ni-base superalloys (NBSAs) are highly suitable as blading materials. The cyclic strains due to mechanical as well as thermal cycling leads to Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF). Damage from TMF takes the form of microstructural material cracking which consequently lead to the failure of the component. In order to increase the service life and reliability and reduce operating costs, development of simulations that accurately predict the material behavior for TMF is highly desirable. To support the mechanical design process, a framework consisting of theoretical mechanics, experimental analysis and numerical simulations must be used. Capturing the effects of thermomechanical fatigue is extremely important in the prediction of the material behavior and life expectation. Single crystal (SX) Ni-base superalloys exhibit anisotropic behavior. A modeling framework which is capable of simulating the physical attributes of the material microstructure is essential. Crystallographic slip along the slip planes controls the microstructural evolution of the material Crystal Visco-Plasticity (CVP) theory captures anisotropic behavior as well as the slip along the slip planes. CVP constitutive models can capture rate-, temperature, and history-dependence of these materials under a variety of conditions. Typical CVP formulations consist of a flow rule, internal state variables, and parameters. The model presented in the current study includes the inelastic mechanism of kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening which are captured by the back stress and drag stress, respectively. Crystallographic slip is accounted for by the incorporation of twelve octahedral six cubic slip systems. An implicit integration scheme which uses Newton-Raphson iteration method is used to solve the required solutions. The CVP model is implemented through a general-purpose finite element analysis software (i.e., ANSYS) as a User-Defined Material (USERMAT). A small batch of uniaxial experiments were conducted in key orientations (i.e., [001], [011], and [111] to assess the level of elastic and inelastic anisotropy. Modeling parameters are expressed as temperature-dependent to allow for simulation under non-isothermal conditions. An optimization scheme based in MATLAB utilizes this experimental data to calibrate the CVP modeling constants. The CVP model has the capability to simulate material behavior for monotonic and cyclic loading coupled with in phase and out phase temperature cycling for a variety of material orientations, strain rates, strain and temperature ranges. A CVP model that predicts SX behavior across various rates, orientations, temperatures and load levels have not been presented before now.
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Wijeyeratne, Navindra, Firat Irmak, Grant Geiger, Jun-Young Jeon, and Ali Gordon. "A Crystal Visco-Plastic Model for Ni-Base Superalloys Under Low Cycle Fatigue." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91903.

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Abstract Components in gas turbines, specifically turbine blades are subjected to extreme loading conditions such as high temperatures and stresses over extended periods of time; therefore, predicting material behavior and life expectancy at these loading conditions are extremely important. The development of simulations that accurately predict monotonic response for these materials are highly desirable. Single crystal Ni-base superalloys used in the design of gas turbine blades exhibit anisotropic behavior resulting from texture development and dislocation substructures. A Crystal Visco-plastic (CVP) model has the capability of capturing both phenomena to accurately predict the deformation response of the material. The rate dependent crystal visco-plastic model consists of a flow rule and internal state variables. This model considers the inelastic mechanism of kinematic hardening which is captured using the Back stress. Crystal graphic slip is taken in to account by the incorporation of 12 Octahedral slip systems. An implicit integration structure that uses Newton Raphson iteration scheme is used to solve the desired solutions. The MATLAB model is developed in two parts, including a routine for the CVP constitutive model along with a separate routine which functions as an emulator. The emulator replicates a finite element analysis model and provides the initial calculations needed for the CVP. A significant advantage of the MATLAB model is its capability to optimize the modelling constants to increase accuracy. The CVP model has the capability to display material behavior for monotonic loading for a variety of material orientations and temperatures.
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Nkama, Nkama E., Fisseha M. Alemayehu, Haileyesus B. Endeshaw, Stephen Ekwaro-Osire, and Duc Pham. "Probabilistic Analysis of Continuously Variable Transmission to Increase Reliability." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52803.

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Renewable energy has surfaced as a power source of interest of the world recently. Wind Energy has been the leading source of renewable energy development for the past several years. The biggest issue with wind energy are wind turbine (WT) drivetrain failures. The gearbox fails after three to seven years of operation while the expected lifetime of the WT is 20 years. The application to the automotive industry inspired the use of continuously variable transmissions (CVT) in a WT. The CVT considered in this study is the Nu-Vinci CVT technology, a Continuously Variable Planetary (CVP) transmission, designed by Fallbrook Technologies. This technology was selected because of its planetary configuration and its ability to transmit larger amounts of torque, which is required for WT applications. The goal of this research was to reduce the Cost of Energy (COE) by increasing the reliability of CVTs in WTs. In this study, two WT systems, one with CVT as the third stage (referred as ‘WT with CVT’) and another with three stage standard gearbox (referred as ‘WT with SG’), are considered. The research question in this study is ‘Does the use of CVTs improve the reliability of drivetrains of WTs?’ To answer this question three specific aims were developed. First, a computational framework had to be developed. Second, a probabilistic dynamic analysis was conducted. Third, a probabilistic analysis on the COE was performed. A computational framework was developed to guide the probabilistic analysis to determine power values and COE. The probability that the generator torque of the WT with CVT will be less than that of the WT with SG is found to be 50.67%. It was also shown that provided the same input speed and torque, the WT with CVT has a slightly higher power generation. In addition, it was shown that there is 54% probability that the WT with CVT will exhibit lower COE than WT with SG. The higher power production is attained while decreasing the COE. From these results, it can be inferred that the reliability of the drivetrain is improved using a CVT.
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Wijeyeratne, Navindra, Firat Irmak, and Ali P. Gordon. "Crystal Visco-Plastic Model for Directionally Solidified Ni-Base Superalloys Under Monotonic and Low Cycle Fatigue." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59581.

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Abstract Nickel-base superalloys (NBSAs) are extensively utilized as the design materials to develop turbine blades in gas turbines due to their excellent high-temperature properties. Gas turbine blades are exposed to extreme loading histories that combine high mechanical and thermal stresses. Both directionally solidified (DS) and single crystal NBSAs are used throughout the industry because of their superior tensile and creep strength, excellent low cycle fatigue (LCF), high cycle fatigue (HCF), and thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) capabilities. Directional solidification techniques facilitated the solidification structure of the materials to be composed of columnar grains in parallel to the &lt;001&gt; direction. Due to grains being the sites of failure initiation the elimination of grain boundaries compared to polycrystals and the alignment of grain boundaries in the normal to stress axis increases the strength of the material at high temperatures. To develop components with superior service capabilities while reducing the development cost, simulating the material’s performance at various loading conditions is extremely advantageous. To support the mechanical design process, a framework consisting of theoretical mechanics, numerical simulations, and experimental analysis is required. The absence of grain boundaries transverse to the loading direction and crystallographic special orientation cause the material to exhibit anisotropic behavior. A framework that can simulate the physical attributes of the material microstructure is crucial in developing an accurate constitutive model. The plastic flow acting on the crystallographic slip planes essentially controls the plastic deformation of the material. Crystal Visco-Plasticity (CVP) theory integrates this phenomenon to describe the effects of plasticity more accurately. CVP constitutive models can capture the orientation, temperature, and rate dependence of these materials under a variety of conditions. The CVP model is initially developed for SX material and then extended to DS material to account for the columnar grain structure. The formulation consists of a flow rule combined with an internal state variable to describe the shearing rate for each slip system. The model presented includes the inelastic mechanisms of kinematic and isotropic hardening, orientation, and temperature dependence. The crystallographic slip is accounted for by including the required octahedral, cubic, and cross slip systems. The CVP model is implemented through a general-purpose finite element analysis software (i.e., ANSYS) as a User-Defined Material (USERMAT). Uniaxial experiments were conducted in key orientations to evaluate the degree of elastic and inelastic anisotropy. The temperature-dependent modeling parameter is developed to perform non-isothermal simulations. A numerical optimization scheme is utilized to develop the modeling constant to improve the calibration of the model. The CVP model can simulate material behavior for DS and SX NBSAs for monotonic and cyclic loading for a range of material orientations and temperatures.
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Yang, Wenshuo, Jian Pu, and Jianhua Wang. "Combination Effects of Upstream-Ramp and Swirling Coolant Flow on Film Cooling Characteristics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43051.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on the performances of a new film cooling structure design, in which a ramp is placed upstream of cylindrical film hole and a cylindrical cavity with two diagonal impingement holes is set at the inlet of the film hole to generate a swirling coolant flow entering the film hole. The experiments are carried out by two undisturbed measurement techniques, Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TRPIV) in a water tunnel. The effects of the upstream-ramp angle, blowing ratio (BR) and coolant impingement angle on the film cooling performances of a flat plate are studied at three ramp angles (0°, 15° and 25°), two coolant swirling directions (clockwise and counter-clockwise), two impingement angles (15° and 30°), and three BRs (0.6, 1.0, and 1.4). The experimental results show that at high BRs, the combination structures of the upstream-ramp with the swirling coolant flow generated by the impingement angles can significantly improve film cooling performances; the best combination is at 30° impingement angle and 25° ramp angle. The reason can be explained by the fact that the swirling flow is significantly pressed onto wall through the upstream-ramp. Using the analogous analysis of heat and mass transfer, the adiabatic film effectiveness averaged over a cross section is obtained, and the analysis indicates that at high BRs, the combined effect of the a ramp with a large angle of 25° with 30° impingement angle can increase the film effectiveness up to 30% in comparison with the case without ramp at the exit of the film hole. The images captured by PLIF exhibit an interesting phenomenon, i.e. the swirling coolant in different directions can influence the counter vortex pair (CVP) in rotating layer, and the coolant swirling direction in clockwise enhances the right mixing of the CVP with coolant ejection, whereas the coolant swirling direction in counter-clockwise enhances the left mixing of the CVP with coolant ejection.
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Kalghatgi, Prasad, and Sumanta Acharya. "Modal Analysis of Inclined Jet Film Cooling Flows With Density Variation." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17160.

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Thermal and hydrodynamic flow field over a flat surface cooled with a single round inclined film cooling jet and fed by a plenum chamber is numerically investigated using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and validated with published measurements. The calculations are done for a free stream Reynolds number Re = 16000, density ratio of coolant to free stream fluid ρj/ρ∞ = 2.0 and blowing ratio BR = ρjV/ρ∞V = 1.0. A short delivery tube with aspect ratio l/D = 1.75 and 35° inclination is considered. The evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H), hairpin and Counter-Rotating Vortex Pair (CVP) vortical structures are discussed to identify their origins. Modal analysis of the complete 3D flow and temperature field is carried out using a Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) technique. The modal frequencies are identified, and the specific modal contribution towards the cooling wall temperature fluctuation is estimated on the film cooling wall. The low and intermediate frequency modes associated with streamwise and hairpin flow structures are found to have largest contribution (in-excess of 28%) towards wall temperature (or cooling effectiveness) fluctuations. The high frequency Kelvin-Helmholtz mode contributes towards initial mixing in the region of film cooling hole away from the wall. The individual modal temperature fluctuations on the wall and their corresponding hydrodynamic flow structures are presented and discussed.
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Stepchenkov, Y., A. Mukhin, A. Tabakov, D. Mukhin, and A. Kolosov. "Composite Kinematics Corrections for Velocities Analysis on CDP, CSP, CRP Suits in HDS Technology." In IX Annual International Conference and Exhibition - Galperin Readings 2009. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201403181.

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Ryan, Kevin J., Filippo Coletti, Christopher J. Elkins, and John K. Eaton. "Building Block Experiments in Discrete Hole Film Cooling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43731.

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This paper reports a series of building block experiments for discrete hole film cooling. Seven different configurations, including variations in injection wall curvature, mainstream pressure gradient, and boundary layer thickness are measured for a round film cooling hole, inclined 30 degrees at injection, and operated at a blowing ratio of unity. Full three dimensional, three component velocity fields and scalar coolant concentration fields are acquired using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques. The results show the effect of varying the mainstream condition on the mean coolant concentration distribution and mean velocity field, including the counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP), a dominant feature of jet in crossflow type flows. The present study focuses on an analysis of the building block configurations only possible with full three dimensional velocity and concentration fields. Several scalar parameters including normalized perimeter, jet trajectory, maximum coolant concentration, and coolant concentration spread are extracted from the collected data and compared across the different configurations. The results indicate that the pressure gradient variations have the strongest effect on the calculated quantities, the boundary layer slightly less, and the curvature very little.
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Quinones, Carlos, Guillermo Araya, and Yi Chen. "Thermal Transport in a Crossflow Jet Subject to a Very Strong Favorable Pressure Gradient." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71830.

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Incompressible jets transversely issuing into a spatially-developing turbulent boundary layer is one of the most challenging and crucial types of three dimensional flows due to its fluid-dynamic complexity and technological applications; for instance, film cooling of turbine blades, chimney plumes, fuel injection, etc. In this investigation, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of a jet in a crossflow under different streamwise pressure gradients (zero and favorable pressure gradient, hereafter ZPG and FPG) is performed. The goal is to accurately model the interaction between the wall-normal laminar jet with the incoming spatially-developing turbulent boundary layer in order to elucidate the physics behind the thermal coherent structures in crossflow jets at different streamwise pressure gradients (ZPG vs. FPG) and low velocity ratios (∼ 0.5). The analysis is done by prescribing accurate turbulent information (instantaneous velocity and temperature) at the inlet of a computational domain for simulations of spatially-developing turbulent boundary layers. The methodology is based on the Dynamic Multiscale Approach (DMA) by Araya et al. (JFM, Vol. 670, pp. 581–605, 2011). The major effect of strong FPG on crossflow jets has been identified as a damping process of the counter-rotating vortex pair system (CVP).
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Reports on the topic "CVP analysis"

1

IBIS ASSOCIATES INC WELLESLEY MA. CVD Diamond Cost Analysis Update. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada289990.

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Hunsberger, Randolph, and Gail Mosey. Putney Basketville Site Biomass CHP Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1260916.

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Turchi, Craig S., Matthew Boyd, Devon Kesseli, Parthiv Kurup, Mark S. Mehos, Ty W. Neises, Prashant Sharan, Michael J. Wagner, and Timothy Wendelin. CSP Systems Analysis - Final Project Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1513197.

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HADLEY, S. W. ANALYSIS OF CHP POTENTIAL AT FEDERAL SITES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814411.

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Xu, Dan, Xueying Zhou, Junfei Wang, Xi Cao, and Tao Liu. The Value of Urinary Gonadotropins in the Diagnosis of Central Precocious Puberty: A Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0076.

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Review question / Objective: Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. It can be differentiated into central precocious puberty (CPP) and peripheral precocious puberty, and it is more common in girls than in boys. CPP may result in a decreased final adult height, an early age at menarche, and psychological and health problems in adulthood. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) GnRH stimulation test has been indispensable in the diagnosis of CPP. GnRH stimulation test is not only invasive, time-consuming and expensive, but also sometimes difficult to have patients cooperate. Nocturnal urinary LH and FSH can represent gonadotropin excretion in children with normal and early puberty. And urinary sample collection and evaluation are more convenient, more acceptable, cheaper, and noninvasive. This meta-analysis aims to assess the value of first-voided urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and the ratio of urinary luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the diagnosis of female CPP and to compare the accuracy between urinary gonadotropins and serum GnRH-stimulated gonadotropins.
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CROWE, R. D. Cold Vacuum Drying (CVD) Facility Hazards Analysis Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804499.

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Lee, Wellington K., Tyler Jake Morris, Andrew Chun-An Chu, Joshua Russ, and Michelle Emerson-Lewis. UVI ThunnderBird Cup v2.0 Workshop: Worshop Analysis 2016. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1334944.

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PATTERSON, P. R. Cold Vacuum Drying (CVD) Facility Hazards Analysis Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801365.

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Kurita, C. H. D-Zero End Cap Calorimeter Annular Piping Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1031177.

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Kaeding, R. H. TRADOC Analysis Command Graphics Cap. (User's Manual). Revision. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199465.

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