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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyanex 272'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Yadollahi, Ali, Kamal Saberyan, Meisam Torab-Mostaedi, Amir Charkhi, and Mohammad Reza Pourjavid. "Solvent extraction separation of zirconium and hafnium from nitric acid solutions using mixture of Cyanex-272 and TBP." Radiochimica Acta 106, no. 8 (August 28, 2018): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2017-2897.

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Abstract A solvent extraction method has been employed to extract and separate zirconium and hafnium from the nitric acid medium using Cyanex-272 and its mixture with TBP in kerosene. The effects of the experimental parameters such as contact time between phases, aging time, nitric acid concentration, Cyanex-272 and TBP concentration on the metals separation, and various stripping agents on the metals back extraction from the loaded organic phase have been investigated. The maximum separation factor of 16 was obtained in the single extraction system with 1% (v/v) Cyanex-272 from 2.5 M HNO3 solution. The combination of Cyanex-272 with TBP exhibited a significant synergistic effect for Zr extraction and the antagonistic effect for Hf extraction. The proposed novel synergistic mixture consisting of 0.5% (v/v) Cyanex-272 and 20% (v/v) TBP in kerosene offered the maximum separation factor of 99.7 from 2.5 M HNO3 solution. By applying a slope method, the extracted zirconium species were proposed to be ZrO(NO3)2·2Cyanex272·2TBP in the organic phase. Among the investigated stripping agents, 4 M H2SO4 solution showed the best efficiency for the stripping of zirconium and hafnium from the loaded mixture of Cyanex-272 and TBP with separation factor of 10.1.

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2

Sole, Kathryn C., Tonya L. Ferguson, and J. Brent Hiskey. "SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF SILVER BY CYANEX 272, CYANEX 302 AND CYANEX 30." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 12, no. 5 (October 1994): 1033–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299408918252.

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3

Sole, Kathryn C., and J. Brent Hiskey. "Solvent extraction of copper by Cyanex 272, Cyanex 302 and Cyanex 301." Hydrometallurgy 37, no. 2 (February 1995): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-386x(94)00023-v.

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4

Nguyen, Viet Nhan Hoa, Thi Hong Nguyen, and Man Seung Lee. "Review on the Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity of Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 for Their Application to Metal Separation from Acid Media." Metals 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081105.

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Cyanex extractants, such as Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301, and Cyanex 302 have been commercialized and widely used in the extraction and separation of metal ions in hydrometallurgy. Since Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 are the derivatives of Cyanex 272, these extractants have similar functional groups. In order to understand the different extraction behaviors of these extractants, an understanding of the relationship between their structure and reactivity is important. We reviewed the physicochemical properties of these extractants, such as their solubility in water, polymerization degree, acidity strength, extraction performance of metal ions, and the interaction with diluent and other extractants on the basis of their chemical structure. Synthetic methods for these extractants were also introduced. This information is of great value in the synthesis of new kinds of extractants for the extraction of metals from a diverse medium. From the literature, the extraction and stripping characteristics of metals by Cyanex 272 and its derivatives from inorganic acids such as HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3 were also reviewed. The replacement of oxygen with sulfur in the functional groups (P = O to P = S group) has two opposing effects. One is to enhance their acidity and extractability due to an increase in the stability of metal complexes, and the other is to make the stripping of metals from the loaded Cyanex 301 difficult.

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5

Chen, Bo Wei, Wen Juan Li, Gui Ying Zhou, Xing Yu Liu, and Jian Kang Wen. "Effect of Different Solvent Extractants on the Activity and Community Structure of Acidophilic Microorganisms." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.222.

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The effect of solvent extractants, such as M5774, Cyanex 272, P204, P507 and N235, on the activity and community structure of acidophilic microorganisms were tested. Cobalt extractant Cyanex 272 did not show much inhibition effect on the growth of acidophiles, while iron extractant N235 had great inhibition effect. When the culture solution contacted with iron extractant P204, nickel extractant P507 and copper extractant M5774, the inhibition effect increased gradually. 16S rRNA gene clone library were used to analyze the initial and extractant contacted final microbial community structure. The initial inoculation microbial populations were mainly composed by Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. After cultivated in solution containing extractant M5774, Cyanex 272, P204 and P507, the number of the two species decreased, while heterophilic Acidiphilium cryptum became the dominant population. When cultured by M5774 and Cyanex 272, the proportion of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was higher than Leptospirillum ferriphilum, while when cultivated by P204 and P507, the number of Leptospirillum ferriphilum was higher.

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6

Boudaoud, Nacera, Hafida Miloudi, Djamila Bouazza, Mehdi Adjdir, Abdelkader Tayeb, Agustin Fortuny, Hary Demey, and Ana Maria Sastre. "Removal of Zinc from Aqueous Solutions Using Lamellar Double Hydroxide Materials Impregnated with Cyanex 272: Characterization and Sorption Studies." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061263.

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Removal of heavy metals from wastewater is mandatory in order to avoid water pollution of natural reservoirs. In the present study, layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials were evaluated for removal of zinc from aqueous solutions. Materials thus prepared were impregnated with cyanex 272 using the dry method. These materials were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermal analysis. Batch shaking adsorption experiments were performed in order to examine contact time and extraction capacity in the removal process. Results showed that the equilibrium time of Zn (II) extraction is about 4 h for Mg2Al-CO3 and Mg2Al-CO3-cyanex 272, 6 h for Zn2Al-CO3, and 24 h for Zn2Al-CO3-cyanex 272. The experimental equilibrium data were tested for Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherm models. Correlation coefficients indicate that experimental results are in a good agreement with Langmuir’s model for zinc ions. Pseudo-first, second-order, Elovich, and intraparticular kinetic models were used to describe kinetic data. It was determined that removal of Zn2+ was well-fitted by a second-order reaction kinetic. A maximum capacity of 280 mg/g was obtained by Zn2Al-CO3-cyanex 272.

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7

Liu, Wensen, Jian Zhang, Zhenya Xu, Jie Liang, and Zhaowu Zhu. "Study on the Extraction and Separation of Zinc, Cobalt, and Nickel Using Ionquest 801, Cyanex 272, and Their Mixtures." Metals 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030401.

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Both Cyanex 272 (bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid) and Ionquest 801 (2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester) are commonly used for metal extraction and separation, particularly for zinc, cobalt, and nickel, which are often found together in processing solutions. Detailed metal extractions of zinc, cobalt, and nickel were studied in this paper using Cya-nex 272, Ionquest 801, and their mixtures. It was found that they performed very similarly in zinc selectivity over cobalt. Cyanex 272 performed much better than Ionquest 801 in cobalt separation from nickel. However, very good separation of them was also obtained with Ionquest 801 at its low concentration with separation factors over 4000, indicating high metal loading of cobalt can significantly suppress nickel extraction. Slop analysis proved that two moles of dimeric extractants were needed for one mole extraction of zinc and cobalt, but three moles were needed for the extraction of one mole nickel. A synergistic effect was found between Cyanex 272 and Ionquest 801 for three metal extractions with the synergistic species of M(AB) determined by the Job’s method.

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8

Quinn, James E., and Karin H. Soldenhoff. "Process for uranium recovery using Cyanex 272." Hydrometallurgy 152 (February 2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.11.010.

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9

Van de Voorde, I., K. Latruwe, L. Pinoy, E. Courtijn, and F. Verpoort. "Complexation Behavior of Iron(III) with Aloxime 800, D2EHPA, CYANEX 272, CYANEX 302, and CYANEX 301." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 25, no. 6 (October 2007): 809–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366290701634297.

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10

Panda, Nandita, Nihar Bala Devi, and Sujata Mishra. "Extraction of neodymium(III) using binary mixture of Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 921/Cyanex 923 in kerosene." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 296, no. 3 (February 5, 2013): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-013-2425-y.

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11

Zhu, Yongjun, Jianfeng Chen, and Gregory R. Choppin. "EXTRACTION OF AMERICIUM AND FISSION PRODUCT LANTHANIDES WITH CYANEX 272 AND CYANEX 301." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 14, no. 4 (July 1996): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299608918355.

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12

Wójcik, Grzegorz, Magdalena Górska-Parat, Zbigniew Hubicki, and Karolina Zinkowska. "Selective Recovery of Gold from Electronic Waste by New Efficient Type of Sorbent." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16030924.

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Modular connectors are applied by computer users, and they can be metallic secondary sources containing metals such as gold and copper. Because gold is a micro-component, the solution obtained after the pin digestion contains a low concentration of gold(III) ions, and efficient and selective sorbent should be used for gold(III) ion recovery. The selective removal of small amounts of gold(III) from 0.001–6 M hydrochloric acid solutions using pure and solvent-impregnated macroporous polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene sorbents (Purolite MN 202 and Cyanex 272) is presented. Gold(III) ions were recovered effectively from the chloride solution after the digestion of the modular connector RJ 45 (8P8C) using Purolite MN 202 after the impregnation process. The dependence of the recovery percentage (R%) of gold(III) on the contact time was determined. The highest value of gold(III) ion sorption capacity (259.45 mg·g−1) was obtained in 0.001 M HCl for Purolite MN202 after the Cyanex 272 impregnation. The results can be applied to gold recovery from e-waste. The presented method of gold recovery does not generate nitrogen oxides and does not require the use of cyanides.

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13

Attallah, Mohamed F., Ahmed M. Shahr El-Din, Mohamed A. Gizawy, and Amal M. I. Ali. "Efficient trace-scale extraction method of reactor produced 199Au adequate for nuclear medicine applications." Radiochimica Acta 109, no. 5 (February 19, 2021): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2020-0108.

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Abstract Production of no carrier-added (NCA) 199Au through natPt(n, γ) reaction and subsequent purification using liquid-liquid extraction from other radioisotopes is studied in the context of theranostic application. Comparative separation of NCA 199Au after dissolution of activated Pt target using three Cyanex compounds (Cyanex-272, Cyanex-302 and Cyanex-923) is evaluated. The extraction process is optimized in terms of the type of extractant, the concentration of extractant, extraction time and aqueous media (HNO3, NH4OH). Among these extractants, the Cynaex-923 is efficient and promising for rapid separation and production of NCA 199Au from HNO3 by high extraction %. Selective extraction of 199Au from other Pt and Ir radioisotopes is observed. High recovery of 199Au was obtained in the case of Cyanex-923 using 0.05 M thiourea dissolved in HCl or 2 M NaOH. Our results find the Cyanex-923 as a promising extractant for efficient separation of 199Au from irradiated Pt target with high yield (99%).

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14

Reddy, B. "Extractive spectrophotometric determination of cobalt using Cyanex-272." Talanta 41, no. 8 (August 1994): 1335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(94)e0037-r.

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15

Sulaiman, Raja Norimie Raja, Norul Fatiha Mohd Noah, Norasikin Othman, Norela Jusoh, and Muhammad Bukhari Rosly. "Synergetic formulation of Cyanex 272/Cyanex 302 for hexavalent chromium removal from electroplating wastewater." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 38, no. 3 (February 13, 2021): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0702-3.

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16

Padhan, E., and K. Sarangi. "Separation of molybdenum and cobalt from spent catalyst using Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 301." International Journal of Mineral Processing 127 (March 2014): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2014.01.003.

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17

Souza, Ronie Magno P., Versiane Alves Leão, and Pablo dos Santos Pina. "Remoção de metais pesados em resíduos sólidos: o caso das baterias de celular." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 58, no. 4 (December 2005): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672005000400012.

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No presente trabalho, estudou-se a recuperação de níquel, cádmio e cobalto presentes em baterias recarregáveis, através de técnicas hidrometalúrgicas. Experimentos de lixiviação, realizados à temperatura de 25ºC e com relação sólido/líquido de 1/10, mostraram que podem ser obtidos rendimentos de lixiviação acima de 90% para os metais desejados em 2h de ensaio e trabalhando-se com uma solução contendo ácido sulfúrico e ácido nítrico, nas respectivas concentrações de 2mol/L e 0,5mol/L. Em seguida, foi estudada a separação seletiva dos metais por extração por solventes. Nessa etapa, realizada a 25ºC e com uma relação fase aquosa/fase orgânica de 1/1, estudou-se a influência do pH sobre a seletividade dos extratantes D2EHPA e CYANEX 272 na extração de cada metal em questão. Verificou-se que em pH 2,5, trabalhando-se com o extratante D2EHPA, consegue-se extrair 90% de cádmio, 10% de cobalto e não há extração de níquel. Para o extratante CYANEX 272, em pH 5,5, conseguem-se extrações acima de 95% do cádmio e do cobalto e, aproximadamente, 5% de extração de níquel. Portanto um esquema de separação envolveria o extratante D2EHPA para separar cádmio do níquel e do cobalto e, em seguida, o extratante CYANEX 272 seria usado para separar níquel e cobalto. Excelentes resultados foram obtidos mostrando a viabilidade do processo e da metodologia empregada.

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18

Belova, Vera V., Yulia V. Tsareva, Yulia A. Zakhodyaeva, Vladimir K. Ivanov, and Andrey A. Voshkin. "Solvent Extraction of Lanthanides(III) in the Presence of the Acetate Ion Acting as a Complexing Agent Using Mixtures of Cyanex 272 and Caprylic Acid in Hexane." Processes 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122222.

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A new extraction system containing a mixture of Cyanex 272 and caprylic acid is proposed for the extraction and separation of lanthanides(III). It was shown that this system possesses a high level of extraction ability and capacity. The extraction of lanthanides(III) from chloride-acetate and nitrate-acetate media was investigated on an example of La(III). The composition of the extracted species was confirmed, based on the analysis of lanthanum(III) extraction isotherms. In the case of acetic-acetate aqueous solutions, a decrease in lanthanum(III) extraction efficiency was observed, due to the decreasing equilibrium pH of the aqueous phase in accordance with the cation-exchange mechanism. The composition of the synergistic mixture of Cyanex 272-caprylic acid established demonstrates highly efficient separation of rare-earth metal ions.

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19

Tait, Brian K. "Cobalt-nickel separation: the extraction of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) by Cyanex 301, Cyanex 302 and Cyanex 272." Hydrometallurgy 32, no. 3 (April 1993): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-386x(93)90047-h.

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20

Mánuel, Victoria, Juan Pinto, Carolina Mendiguchía, and Carlos Moreno. "Solvent extraction with organophosphorus extractants in environmental samples: determination of cadmium(II) in natural water." Open Chemistry 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0379-0.

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AbstractIn this work, Cd(II) extraction in natural waters by organophosphorus extractants as organic phase, as well as its back-extraction in an acidic media, has been studied. Cadmium extraction behavior at natural waters’ pH conditions (values in the range 7–8) was studied with two different extractants and co-ions, obtaining the highest extraction efficiency when using 0.1M Cyanex 272 in kerosene as organic phase and 0.1 M NO3 − as co-ion. Once they were selected, the effect on the extraction efficiency of sample pH, buffer concentration, extraction time, Cyanex 272 concentration as well as back-extractant concentration, was studied. The presence of the main inorganic and organic ligands in the sample was also studied, observing that extraction efficiency was affected most significantly when chlorides were present, with a decrease of about 14%, proving negligible for the others. Under the selected conditions, spiked real samples were successfully analyzed.

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21

Gonçalves e Gonçalves, Silvane, Keylla Castro Ferreira, Kléber Bittencourt Oliveira, Kelson do Carmo Freitas Faial, and Emanuel Negrão Macêdo. "Extração de cobre de resíduos eletroeletrônicos utilizando os extratantes orgânicos Lix 84-IC e Cyanex 272." Conjecturas 2022, no. 18 (December 9, 2022): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/conj-2133-2x03.

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Objetivou-se analisar a viabilidade de extração química de cobre presente em placas-mãe de computadores. O material foi cominuído e caracterizado quimicamente por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura com Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva e Espectrometria de Fluorescência de Raios-X. Foram realizadas lixiviações utilizando-se os ácidos HCl–HNO 3 3:1, nas concentrações 2N, 4N e 6N, a 80ºC durante 4h. Os lixiviados foram analisados quimicamente por Espectrometria de Emissão Óptica com Plasma Induzido. A utilização da solução HCl–HNO 3 a 2 N demorou 180 min para extrair 96,5% de cobre. Para as soluções de HCl–HNO 3 a 4N e 6 N foram extraídos aproximadamente 96% de cobre nos primeiros 30 min de lixiviação. Os lixiviados foram submetidos a extrações por contato direto utilizando-se os solventes Lix 84-IC e Cyanex 272 diluídos em querosene. Foram recuperados 97,10 % de cobre em pH 4 utilizando Lix 84-IC e 83,82% utilizando-se Cyanex 272.

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22

Darvishi, D., D. F. Haghshenas, E. Keshavarz Alamdari, S. K. Sadrnezhaad, and M. Halali. "Synergistic effect of Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 302 on separation of cobalt and nickel by D2EHPA." Hydrometallurgy 77, no. 3-4 (June 2005): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2005.02.002.

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23

Abhilash, Pratima Meshram, Shivendra Sinha, Banshi Dhar Pandey, Vasudevan Krishna Kumari, and Subrat Kar. "Chloride leaching of lanthanum and cerium from Indian red mud and metal separation studies." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 2 (2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018090.

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Bench-scale experiments were conducted to recover lanthanum and cerium from Indian red mud in a hydrochloric acid medium. The method includes acid leaching of red mud pulp and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction of the leached metals with different organic extractants, in order to establish the technical feasibility of extraction and separation simultaneously. The maximum extraction of 88.5% La was achieved at 95 °C, using 1 M HCl, S/L ratio = 1/100 in 1 h with 200 rpm agitation rate. At this temperature, cerium recovery (99.9%) was found to be maximum. The maximum recovery of cerium (99.9%) can be achieved even at 55 °C, while the recovery of lanthanum lowered to 78.5% under same conditions. Liquid-liquid extraction of leached metals was tested to be complete and selective using Cyanex 923, as against Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 272.

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24

Biswas, R. K., M. A. Habib, and H. P. Singha. "Colorimetric estimation and some physicochemical properties of purified Cyanex 272." Hydrometallurgy 76, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.09.005.

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25

Best, Stephen P., Spas D. Kolev, June R. P. Gabriel, and Robert W. Cattrall. "Polymerisation effects in the extraction of Co(II) into polymer inclusion membranes containing Cyanex 272. Structural studies of the Cyanex 272–Co(II) complex." Journal of Membrane Science 497 (January 2016): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2015.09.046.

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26

Xing, Wei Dong, and Man Seung Lee. "A Process for the Separation of Noble Metals from HCl Liquor Containing Gold(III), Palladium(II), Platinum(IV), Rhodium(III), and Iridium(IV) by Solvent Extraction." Processes 7, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7050243.

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The demand for noble metals is increasing, owing to their excellent chemical and physical properties. In order to meet the demand, the recovery of noble metals with high purity from diverse secondary resources, which contain small amounts of noble metals, is of immense value. In this work, the possibility of the separation of Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV), Rh(III), and Ir(IV) by solvent extraction from a synthetic HCl solution is investigated. Only Au(III) was selectively extracted by Cyanex 272 in the HCl concentration range from 0.5 M to 9 M, leaving the other metal ions in the raffinate. The loaded Au(III) in Cyanex 272 was efficiently stripped by (NH2)2CS. The other four noble metals were sequentially separated on the basis of the procedures reported in the previous work. The mass balance showed that about 98% of each metal, except Pt(IV), was recovered by the proposed process. An efficient process for the recovery of the five noble metal ions from the HCl leaching solution of secondary resources containing these metals can be developed.

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27

Batchu, Nagaphani Kumar, Bo Eun Kim, and Man Seung Lee. "Chemical Model for Solvent Extraction Equilibrium of Mn(II) by Cyanex 272 from Chloride Solutions." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 52, no. 6 (June 5, 2014): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2014.52.6.445.

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28

Prasetyo, Erik, Corby Anderson, Arya Fitra Jaya, Widya Aryani Muryanta, Anton Sapto Handoko, Muhammad Amin, Muhammad Al Muttaqii, and Fathan Bahfie. "Fractionation of Transition Metals by Solvent Extraction and Precipitation from Tannic Acid-Acetic Acid Leachate as a Product of Lithium-Ion Battery Leaching." Metals 12, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050882.

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Solvent extraction and precipitation schemes are applied to isolate copper, cobalt, manganese and nickel from leachate, produced from spent lithium-ion battery leaching using tannic acid-acetic acid as lixiviant. The metal separation and purification were developed based on a ketoxime (LIX® 84-I) and a phosphinic acid (Cyanex® 272) extraction system. Aside from the leachate’s initial pH, which dictates the metal isolation flowsheet, other parameters affecting metal extraction rate, such as phase ratio, extractant concentration, and acid stripping will be evaluated. Copper was selectively removed from leachate at pH 3, using LIX® 84-I 10% v/v followed by cobalt and manganese co-extraction from the raffinate using Cyanex® 272 10% v/v at pH 5. After both metals were stripped using sulfuric acid 0.2 M, manganese was quantitatively precipitated out from the strip solution using potassium permanganate or sodium hypochlorite. Nickel was isolated using LIX® 84-I from raffinate at pH 5, producing a lithium- rich solution for further treatment. No third phase was formed during the extraction, and sulfuric acid was proved suitable for organic phase regeneration.

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29

Batchu, Nagaphani Kumar, Chong Ho Sonu, and Man Seung Lee. "Synergistic solvent extraction of manganese(II) with a mixture of Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 301 from chloride solutions." Hydrometallurgy 140 (November 2013): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2013.09.008.

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30

Nogueira, C., P. Oliveira, and F1 Pedrosa. "Scrubbing of Cadmium and Nickel from Cyanex 272 Loaded with Cobalt." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 21, no. 5 (2003): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sei-120024553.

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31

Knyaz’kina, O. V., G. G. Kuznetsova, V. F. Travkin, G. M. Vol’dman, and Yu M. Glubokov. "Extraction of molybdenum with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphine acid (Cyanex-272)." Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 51, no. 6 (December 2010): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1067821210060040.

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32

Lanagan, M. D., and D. C. Ibana. "The solvent extraction and stripping of chromium with Cyanex® 272." Minerals Engineering 16, no. 3 (March 2003): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(03)00006-2.

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33

Lindell, E., E. Jääskeläinen, E. Paatero, and B. Nyman. "Effect of reversed micelles in Co/Ni separation by Cyanex 272." Hydrometallurgy 56, no. 3 (July 2000): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(00)00076-1.

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34

Ngomsik, Audrey-Flore, Agnès Bee, Jean-Michel Siaugue, Delphine Talbot, Valérie Cabuil, and Gérard Cote. "Co(II) removal by magnetic alginate beads containing Cyanex 272®." Journal of Hazardous Materials 166, no. 2-3 (July 30, 2009): 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.109.

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35

Gasser, M. S., E. El Sherif, and R. O. Abdel Rahman. "Modification of Mg-Fe hydrotalcite using Cyanex 272 for lanthanides separation." Chemical Engineering Journal 316 (May 2017): 758–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.129.

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Mohammedi, Habib, Hafida Miloudi, Anne Boos, and Caroline Bertagnolli. "Lanthanide recovery by silica-Cyanex 272 material immobilized in alginate matrix." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 21 (May 8, 2020): 26943–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08484-y.

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37

Jantunen, Niklas, Sami Virolainen, and Tuomo Sainio. "Direct Production of Ni–Co–Mn Mixtures for Cathode Precursors from Cobalt-Rich Lithium-Ion Battery Leachates by Solvent Extraction." Metals 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091445.

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A novel solvent extraction scheme was developed for the processing of Co-rich lithium-ion battery (LIB) leachate to a Ni–Co–Mn (NCM) sulfate mixture that can be directly used in the precursor synthesis of LIB cathodes. Conventional hydrometallurgical recycling of spent LIBs usually aims at separation of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn into pure fractions, which is simplified here. Operating pH and the number of extraction stages for each separation were evaluated from batch equilibrium experiments. Two continuous countercurrent extractions with bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate (D2EHPA) and one with Cyanex 272 were studied in bench-scale mixer-settler equipment, and a Ni–Co–Mn solution with n(Ni):n(Co) = 14.16 and n(Ni):n(Mn) = 8.06 was obtained. The Ni:Co:Mn molar ratio in the NCM mixture can be adjusted to, for example, 8:1:1 using a Co-rich raffinate from the same process, and no additional transition metal salts are required for tuning the composition. Stripping raffinate containing 102.7 g L−1 Co at 99.8% relative purity was obtained from Cyanex 272 extraction. The main benefit of the process concept is that the solvent extraction separations can be operated with less stringent requirements than when producing pure metal salts.

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Tsaoulidis, Dimitrios, Milan Mamtora, Marta Mayals Gañet, Eduardo Garciadiego-Ortega, and Panagiota Angeli. "Scale-Up Studies for Co/Ni Separations in Intensified Reactors." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121106.

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In this paper, the effect of the scalability of small-scale devices on the separation of Co(II) from a binary Co(II)/Ni(II) mixture in a nitric acid solution by an organic Cyanex 272/TBP/kerosene (Exxsol D80) phase is studied. In particular, circular channels with diameters of 1, 2, and 3.2 mm are considered. The results were compared against those from a confined impinging-jets (CIJ) cell with a main channel diameter of 3.2 mm. The effects of total flowrate, residence time, Cyanex 272 concentration, and flowrate ratio on the mass transfer performance were investigated. It was found that at increased channel size, the throughputs were also increased but the extraction percentages remained the same. Higher extraction percentages were obtained by using the CIJ configuration at short residence times. However, for longer residence times, the mass transfer coefficients were similar and capillary channels should be preferred over the CIJ because of the ease of separation of the two phases at the end of the unit. The overall mass transfer coefficients ranged between 0.02 and 0.14 s−1 for the capillary channels during plug flow and between 0.05 and 0.45 s−1 for the CIJ cells during dispersed flow.

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Dyakova, L. V., A. G. Kasikov, and M. V. Jeleznova. "Using liquid extraction to clean JSC «Kola MMC» nickel production solutions from impurities." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy) 28, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-2-16-24.

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Studies of the extractive recovery of Ca(II), Mg(II) и B(III) impurities from nickel production solutions at JSC «Kola Mining and Smelting Company» were conducted. As extraction agents, we used di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), di-(2,4,4-trime-thylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), trialkylamine (TAA), tributyl phosphate (TBP), aliphatic alcohols: octanol-1, 2-ethylhexanol and a by-product of its production – heavy product of 2-ethylhexanol distillation (TPRD). In order to assess the effect of conditions used to extract impurities from solutions, laboratory studies on the effect of aqueous phase acidity, extraction agent concentration, composition of organic impurities on their extractability were conducted. According to the research results, it was found that the optimal concentration of individual extraction agents is 20 vol.% each in the Escaid 100 solvent, and the mixture composition is 15 vol.% D2EHPA + 5 vol.% Cyanex 272 at Ca(II) and Mg(II) extraction. Individual D2EHPA predominantly extracts calcium (II): extraction of 62 % Ca(II) and 15 % Mg(II). When using Cyanex 272, the extraction of magnesium (II) predominates: extraction of 59 % Mg(II) and 20 % Ca(II). It was found that the extraction mixture has higher performance than individual extraction agents for Ca(II) and Mg(II) extraction from nickel solutions in the pH range of 3.0÷3.5, at which Ni(II) coextraction is negligible. With increasing pH values, Ca(II) extraction decreases due to the increasing extraction of nickel and the displacement of calcium by it from the organic phase. It was established that a mixture of 40 % TAA + + 60 % 2-octanone and heavy product of 2-ethylhexanol distillation exhibits high extraction ability with respect to B(III): the degree of boron extraction is 60.7 and 74.5 %, respectively. The paper provides the results of the extraction purification of the nickel electrolyte from JSC «Kola Mining and Smelting Company» with an extraction mixture in the Ni-form to exclude pH adjustment at each stage of the process. Based on the results of the studies conducted, a flowchart is recommended for obtaining pure NiSO4 solutions with a residual total B(III), Ca(II), Mg(II) and Cl– content of £0.010 g/dm3 .

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Morillo Martín, Diego, Leslie Diaz Jalaff, Maria A. García, and Mirko Faccini. "Selective Recovery of Europium and Yttrium Ions with Cyanex 272-Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121648.

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Rare earth elements (REEs), which include lanthanides as yttrium and europium became crucial in the last decade in many sectors like automotive, energy, and defense. They contribute to the increment efficiency and performance of different products. In this paper nanofiber membranes have been successfully applied for the selective recovery of Eu(III) and Y(III) from aqueous solutions. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun nanofibers were impregnated with a commercial organic extractant, Cyanex 272, in order to increase their affinity to rare earth metals ions. The coated nanofibers were characterized by SEM, ATR-FTIR, and TGA. Firstly, the adsorption of Eu(III) and Y(III) were evaluated in batch mode. Experimental data showed that the adsorption of Y(III) and Eu(III) corresponds to pseudo-second order model, with Langmuir sorption model being the best fit for both target ions. The results demonstrated that the adsorption capacity was high, showing a maximum capacity of 200 and 400 mg/g for Y(III) and Eu(III), respectively. Additionally, the presence of interfering ions does not show significative effects in the adsorption process. Finally, experiments in continuous mode indicated that the adsorption of the target elements is close to 100%, showing that PAN-272 is a promising material for the recovery of earth metal ions.

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Zhaowu, Zhu, Zhang Jian, Yi Aifei, Su Hui, Wang Lina, and Qi Tao. "Magnesium Removal from Concentrated Nickel Solution by Solvent Extraction Using Cyanex 272." International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 4, no. 2 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20190402.11.

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Parhi, P. K., S. Panigrahi, K. Sarangi, and K. C. Nathsarma. "Separation of cobalt and nickel from ammoniacal sulphate solution using Cyanex 272." Separation and Purification Technology 59, no. 3 (March 2008): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.07.026.

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Staszak, Katarzyna, Magdalena Regel-Rosocka, Karolina Wieszczycka, and Paweł Burmistrzak. "Copper(II) sulphate solutions treatment by solvent extraction with Na-Cyanex 272." Separation and Purification Technology 85 (February 2012): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.10.010.

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Biswas, R. K., and H. P. Singha. "Purified Cyanex 272: Its interfacial adsorption and extraction characteristics towards iron(III)." Hydrometallurgy 82, no. 1-2 (July 2006): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.03.002.

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45

Barandas, Ana Paula Mauro Gonçalves, Júlio Carlos Afonso, José Luiz Mantovano, and José Waldemar Silva Dias da Cunha. "Recuperação de cobalto de baterias de níquel metal-hidreto (Ni-MH) via extração seletiva com cyanex 272." Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 12, no. 1 (2007): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-70762007000100027.

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A extração de metais com solventes orgânicos é uma poderosa ferramenta para ajudar a separação de complexas misturas de metais presentes em baterias usadas e dispositivos eletroeletrônicos, evitando assim o uso de produtos tóxicos ou de rotas experimentais geradoras de uma grande quantidade de resíduos finais. Este trabalho descreve um processo de recuperação de cobalto presente em baterias níquel metal-hidreto (Ni-MH) usadas por meio de uma nova rota hidrometalúrgica. O elemento foi extraído de uma solução em meio clorídrico com Cyanex 272 (ácido 2,4,4-trimetil-pentil fosfínico) dissolvido em querosene. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando o pH estava ligeiramente alcalino (7,2) e a concentração de Cyanex em querosene era 5% vol. A recuperação do cobalto atingiu 99% m/m. Foi também possível recuperar um precipitado contendo lantanídios (La, Ce, Pr) e ítrio, que foi purificado pela dissolução em ácido clorídrico seguido de adição de oxalato de amônio. O níquel também foi isolado como um precipitado impuro após a recuperação do cobalto e dos lantanídios. Os residuos finais gerados ao longo do processo são principalmente soluções de cloreto de sódio, sem coloração, turbidez ou metais pesados em quantidades significativas.

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Gontijo, Vitor Loureiro, and Leandro Henrique Santos. "MÉTODO ALTERNATIVO PARA PURIFICAÇÃO DE P2O5 DO MINÉRIO FOSFÁTICO SÍLICO-CARBONATADO DA REGIÃO DE ARAXÁ, NA RETIRADA DE ÍONS CÁLCIO E MAGNÉSIO VIA SISTEMA AQUOSO BIFÁSICO (SAB)." HOLOS 8 (December 31, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2017.6596.

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A região de Araxá/MG se enquadra nos locais potenciais de pesquisa pela presença de abundantes reservas do minério sílico-carbonatado, entretanto é isenta de uma rota de beneficiamento eficiente. Neste trabalho será apresentada alternativa de obtenção do concentrado fosfático, utilizando da metalurgia extrativa como técnica de purificação, na retirada dos íons Ca e Mg. O minério previamente concentrado, via flotação, utilizando Lupromin FP A711 como coletor e amido de milho como depressor, 500 g/t a 5% p/v e 900 g/t a 2% p/v, respectivamente, apresentou recuperação mássica de 42%, e 82% de recuperação metalúrgica. Este material foi então aberto (lixiviado) em solução ácida [1,9% (m/m) de H2SO4] para a aplicação do sistema aquoso bifásico, variando o pH do sistema (6 e 11), e a concentração de extratante 1N2N (0, 10 e 20 mmol/kg) e Cyanex 272 (0, 12,5, 25 mmol/kg), visando obter a relação CaO/P2O5 menor que 1,6 e concentração de %MgO menor que 1%. A escolha da utilização deste método é favorecida pelo baixo custo dos reagentes utilizados, sem caráter tóxico, e biodegradáveis. O cenário encontrado com a melhor taxa de extração foi para o sistema utilizando Cyanex 272 a 25 mmol/kg em pH 11, resultando em uma redução de 40,10% da razão CaO/P2O5 e para %MgO, uma redução de 21,26%.

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Pavon, Sandra, Merve Kutucu, M. Teresa Coll, Agustin Fortuny, and Ana M. Sastre. "Comparison of Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 572 for the separation of Neodymium from a Nd/Tb/Dy mixture by pertraction." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 93, no. 8 (November 15, 2017): 2152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5458.

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Łukomska, Aneta, Anna Wiśniewska, Zbigniew Dąbrowski, Jakub Lach, Kamil Wróbel, Dorota Kolasa, and Urszula Domańska. "Recovery of Metals from Electronic Waste-Printed Circuit Boards by Ionic Liquids, DESs and Organophosphorous-Based Acid Extraction." Molecules 27, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 4984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154984.

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The extraction of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) with ionic liquids (ILs), Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and organophosphorous-based acid (Cyanex 272) has been presented. The study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the application of the new leaching liquids, and the new method of extraction of metals from the leachate and the solid phase with or without the leaching process. Solvent extraction from the liquid leachate phase has been studied in detail with popular ILs, such as tetraoctylphosphonium bromide, {[P8,8,8,8][Br] and tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, [P4,4,4,14][Cl] using Aqueous Biphasic Systems (ABS) method. Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate, [P6,6,6,14][Cyanex272], ([P6,6,6,14][BTMPP]), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium thiocyanate, [P6,6,6,14][SCN], methyltrioctylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336), as well as bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) were also used in the extraction of metals from the leachate. Two DESs (1) {choline chloride + lactic acid, 1:2} and (2) {choline chloride + malonic acid, 1:1} were used in the extraction of metals from the solid phase. The extraction behavior of metals with DESs was compared with that performed with three new bi-functional ILs: didecyldimethylammonium salicylate, [N10,10,1,1][Sal], didecyldimethylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, [N10,10,1,1][D2EHPA], and didecyldimethylammonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate, [N10,10,1,1][Cyanex272]. The [P6,6,6,14][Cyanex272]/toluene and (Cyanex 272 + diethyl phosphite ester) mixtures exhibited a high extraction efficiency of about 50–90% for different metal ions from the leachate. High extraction efficiency of about 90–100 wt% with the ABS method using the mixture {[P8,8,8,8][Br], or [P4,4,4,14][Cl] + NaCl + H2O2 + post-leaching liquid phase} was obtained. The DES 2 revealed the efficiency of copper extraction, ECu = 15.8 wt% and silver, EAg = 20.1 wt% at pH = 5 from the solid phase after the thermal pre-treatment and acid leaching. The solid phase extraction efficiency after thermal pre-treatment only was (ECu = 9.6 wt% and EAg = 14.2 wt%). The use of new bi-functional ILs did not improve the efficiency of the extraction of metal ions from the solid phase. Process factors such as solvent concentration, extraction additives, stripping and leaching methods, temperature, pH and liquid/solid as well as organic/water ratios were under control. For all the systems, the selectivity and distribution ratios were described. The proposed extraction processes can represent alternative paths in new technologies for recovering metals from electronic secondary waste.

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Amer, S., and A. Luis. "The extraction of zinc and other minor metals from concentrated ammonium chloride solutions with D2EHPA and Cyanex 272." Revista de Metalurgia 31, no. 6 (December 30, 1995): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1995.v31.i6.933.

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REDDY, B. Ramachandra, J. Rajesh KUMAR, and A. Varada REDDY. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Tetravalent Zirconium from Acidic Chloride Solutions Using Cyanex 272." Analytical Sciences 20, no. 3 (2004): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20.501.

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