Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cyanide process. Case hardening

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Cyanide process. Case hardening'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cyanide process. Case hardening"

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Millholland., R. A. "CASE-HARDENING PROCESS FOR TOOL STEEL." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 28, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1916.tb00618.x.

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XUE, Wei Dong, Kouitsu MIYACHIKA, Satoshi ODA, Hiroshige FUJIO, Takao KOIDE, and Chiaki NAMBA. "Simulation of Case-Hardening Process of Helical Gears." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2003.16 (2003): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2003.16.565.

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Arthur, E. K., E. Ampaw, K. J. Akinluwade, A. R. Adetunji, O. O. Adewoye, and Winston O. Soboyejo. "Carbon and Nitrogen Concentration Profiles of Cassava-Pack Carbonitrided Steel: Model and Experiment." Advanced Materials Research 1132 (December 2015): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1132.313.

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Cassava-leaf-enhanced carbonitriding is a surface hardening procedure that utilizes the high cyanide content that is present in processed cassava leaves to thermochemically diffuse carbon and/or nitrogen into the interstitial sites of steel. This paper presents analytical models for the prediction of carbon and nitrogen concentration profiles, as well as the total case depths associated with the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen during the cassava-leaf-enhanced carbonitriding of low carbon steel. Using Fick's second law of diffusion and approximate initial and boundary conditions, two separate analytical models were presented for intermediate and high temperature cassava-leaf-enhanced carbonitriding processes. The trends in the total case depths are shown to be qualitatively similar to experimental measurements of case depths. The implications of the results are discussed for the surface hardening of steels by carbonitriding processes.
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Gansel, R., C. Zimmermann, L. V. Fricke, M. Lüdtke, H. Klümper-Westkamp, R. Fechte-Heinen, H. J. Maier, and D. Zaremba. "Characterization of Graded Subsurface Zones in Industrial Case-Hardening Using a Non-Destructive Testing System." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 76, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-2021-0006.

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Abstract For process monitoring and quality assurance of case-hardened components, the determination of the case-hardening depth in the manufacturing process after hardening of the subsurface layer is a quality verification that is often required in industry. Currently, these quality assurance tests can only be realized with destructive measures. During case-hardening, the essential microstructural formation, and thus the key component properties are developed during the heat treatment in the cooling section. The testing technique used in the present study is based on the analysis of harmonic signals of eddy current testing. The aim of this project was to achieve an early identification of incorrect cooling processes in the case of a known transformation behaviour of the components during cooling. The data collected in the industrial hardening process show that an evaluation of the carburizing process on the basis of the case-hardening depth can be carried out non-destructively during component cooling and in the cooled state with the use of eddy current technology.
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Mondal, S. C. "Process capability – a surrogate measure of process robustness: a case study." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 33, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-12-2013-0202.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to obtain a better understanding on robust performance of a hardening and tempering process producing component worm shaft used in the steam power plant. This research is capable to explaining the variation of process capability in terms of robustness. Design/methodology/approach – This paper proposed a methodology (a combination of simulation, regression modelling and robust design technique) to study robustness of a hardening and tempering process producing component worm shaft used in the steam power plant and process capability acts as a surrogate measure of robustness. In each experimental run, the values of responses and the corresponding multivariate process capability indices across the outer array are determined. The variation of process performance (process capability values) due to random noise variation is studied using a general purpose process control chart (R-chart). Findings – The results provide useful information in term of insensitiveness of the process against the noise (raw material and process noise) variation where the process capability acts as a surrogate measure of process robustness and explains the variation of process capability in term of robustness. Practical implications – This paper adds to the body of knowledge on robustness of a manufacturing process. This paper may be of particular interest to practicing engineers as it suggests what factors should be more emphasis to achieve robust (consistent) performance from the process. Originality/value – The originality of this paper lies within the context in which this study is to address key relationships between process robustness and process capability in a manufacturing industry.
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Ofori-Sarpong, G., A. S. Adam, and R. K. Amankwah. "Detoxification of Cyanide Wastewater by Cyanotrophic Organisms: the case of Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Ghana Mining Journal 20, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v20i1.4.

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Abstract Cyanide, a carbon-nitrogen radical, is a major building block in many industries including pharmaceuticals, petrochemical and gold processing. In the gold extraction industry, cyanide has been the universal lixiviant for over a century due to better understood process chemistry, among others. Industries that discharge cyanide-laden effluents are mandated to keep concentrations below 0.2 mg/L to prevent death by cyanide-intoxification, which occurs when cyanide binds to key iron-containing enzymes and prevent them from supplying oxygen-containing blood to the tissues. Techniques used to attenuate cyanide in wastewater can broadly be grouped into chemical, physical and biological methods. In recent times, attention has been placed on biotechnological methods, which make use of cyanotrophic microorganisms to clean up cyanide-contaminated environments. This paper reports on studies set out to assess the ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade cyanide under different conditions including changes in cyanide concentration, culture mass, time, closed system and open system. At the end of 24-hour contact in an open agitated system with initial pH of 11.5, a control experiment using 100 mg/L cyanide revealed a natural attenuation of 15% with pH decreasing to 9.88, while the best myco-detoxification of 85% was achieved by contacting 100 mg/L cyanide with 0.5 g culture mass, translating into degradation capacity of 17.2 mg/g (milligram of cyanide per gram of culture) with pH reducing to 8.4 in 24 hours. The degradation could be based on a number of mechanisms including hydrolysis to HCN, oxidation to cyanyl radical and cyanate due to natural attenuation through atmospheric contact, and secretion of organic acid, oxidative enzymes, and hydrogen peroxide by the fungus. Keywords: Cyanotrophic Organism, Myco-Detoxification, Cyanide-Laden Effluents, pH
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Vorontsov, A. L., and I. A. Nikiforov. "MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 14. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF PROCESS VARIABLES OF FREE EXTRUSION PROCESS." Technology of Metals, no. 5 (2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-2499-2020-0-5-38-45.

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The calculation methodology of the energy-power and strain parameters of free extrusion processes of cartridges with a counterpunch is presented. The extrusion of both non-hardening and hardening material is discussed. Taking into account the strengthening of extruded material is described in detail for a case of hardening material. The presented formulae allow one to determine such most important parameters of the pressing process as total and specific strain forces, maximum pressure on a die wall, an increase in yield load.
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Vorontsov, A. L., and I. A. Nikiforov. "MANUFACTURE INVESTIGATION OF CARTRIDGE WITH BOTTOM-MOST PART FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTERPUNCH. REPORT 15. CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF PROCESS VARIABLES OF STRAITENED EXTRUSION PROCESS." Technology of Metals, no. 6 (2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-2499-2020-0-6-41-47.

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The calculation methodology of the energy-power and strain parameters of a straitened extrusion process of cartridges with a counterpunch is presented. The extrusion of both non-hardening and hardening material is discussed. Taking into account of the strengthening of extruded material is described in detail for a case of hardening material. The presented formulae allow one to determine such most important parameters of the pressing process as total and specific strain forces, maximum pressure on a die wall, an increase in yield load.
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Barka, N., Philippe Bocher, J. Brousseau, M. Galopin, and S. Sundararajan. "Modeling and Sensitivity Study of the Induction Hardening Process." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.525.

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Induction heating is a case hardening process used to improve performance of machine components by producing a hard martensitic microstructure and high compressive residual stresses at the surface layer. A reliable numerical model able to predict the hardness profile would shorten process development. However, the accuracy and the efficiency of the model are restricted by the coupling complexity between the electromagnetic and thermal fields, and the nonlinear behaviour of the material properties. The paper analyzes the sensitivity of the material properties values and of the finite element meshing onto the predictive modeling of the case hardening profiles. The material used is SAE-4340 low-alloy steel. The simulations are done using a computer-modeling software (Comsol) and the sensitivity analysis is conducted by using an experimental design method.
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Petr, Karel. "Load Capacity of Dynamically Loaded Gears with Different Case-Hardened Depth." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.193.

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This article describes load capacity of dynamically loaded gears, more precisely describes the mechanical pulsation tests of carburized gears with different thickness of case-hardened depth and case-hardening technology, i.e. addition or removal of certain steps during the case-hardening process of the tooth flank and foot root. The comparison was made on six different process chemical-heat treatment, in two thicknesses of case-hardened depth and two pressure angles. Results are shown and compared in a Wöhler’s curve.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cyanide process. Case hardening"

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Katemi, Richard Jackson [Verfasser], Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann, Franz [Gutachter] Hoffmann, and Udo [Gutachter] Fritsching. "Influence of Carbonitriding Process on Phase Transformation during Case Hardening, Retained Austenite and Residual Stresses / Richard Jackson Katemi ; Gutachter: Franz Hoffmann, Udo Fritsching ; Betreuer: Franz Hoffmann." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199003603/34.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cyanide process. Case hardening"

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Konovalov, Sergey, Thomas Henke, Stefan Benke, Georg J. Schmitz, Markus Bambach, and Ulrich Prahl. "Modelling the Process Chain of Microalloyed Case Hardening Steel for Energy Efficient High Temperature Carburising." In Proceedings of the 1st World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME), 223–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118147726.ch31.

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"Modeling of Case Hardening." In Handbook of Thermal Process Modeling Steels, 639–84. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420003581-16.

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Sánchez Sarmiento, Gustavo, and María Victoria Bongiovanni. "Modeling of Case Hardening." In Handbook of Thermal Process Modeling Steels. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420003581.ch12.

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"Introduction and Perspectives." In Carburizing, 1–9. ASM International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cmp.t66770001.

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Abstract This chapter provides a brief but practical overview of the case carburizing process. It discusses the benefits and challenges of the process and compares and contrasts it with other hardening methods. It explains how design allowables and safety factors compensate for unknowns and familiarizes readers with the steps involved in determining case depth and verifying that case carbon requirements have been met.
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Kundu, Debajyoti, Deblina Dutta, Subinoy Mondal, Smaranya Haque, Jatindra Nath Bhakta, and Bana Behari Jana. "Application of Potential Biological Agents in Green Bioremediation Technology." In Handbook of Research on Inventive Bioremediation Techniques, 300–323. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2325-3.ch013.

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Upgradation and advancement in every field related to mankind leads to the origin of a contaminated environment. Development in science and technology enabled humans to combat the rate of contaminants by using biological agents, commonly known as bioremediation. The chapter deals with the different species of bioremediation agents viz. bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals and organic wastes to treat diverse environmental pollution. The extent of environmental bioremediation encompasses inorganic viz. arsenic, chromium, mercury, cyanide etc. and organics viz. Hydrocarbons, petroleum, pesticides etc. Thus, the reasons for the control of water and soil by considering bioremediation are concern on public health, protection of environment, and cost reduction of decontamination. Different case studies have been demonstrated herein to understand the enigmatic process and evaluate practical efficacy of the environment to decontaminate itself by the presence of various biological organisms.
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Kundu, Debajyoti, Deblina Dutta, Subinoy Mondal, Smaranya Haque, Jatindra Nath Bhakta, and Bana Behari Jana. "Application of Potential Biological Agents in Green Bioremediation Technology." In Waste Management, 1192–216. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch054.

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Upgradation and advancement in every field related to mankind leads to the origin of a contaminated environment. Development in science and technology enabled humans to combat the rate of contaminants by using biological agents, commonly known as bioremediation. The chapter deals with the different species of bioremediation agents viz. bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals and organic wastes to treat diverse environmental pollution. The extent of environmental bioremediation encompasses inorganic viz. arsenic, chromium, mercury, cyanide etc. and organics viz. Hydrocarbons, petroleum, pesticides etc. Thus, the reasons for the control of water and soil by considering bioremediation are concern on public health, protection of environment, and cost reduction of decontamination. Different case studies have been demonstrated herein to understand the enigmatic process and evaluate practical efficacy of the environment to decontaminate itself by the presence of various biological organisms.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cyanide process. Case hardening"

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Jin, Zhefei, and James P. Hambleton. "Simulation of the Cutting Process in Softening and Hardening Soils." In Eighth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482124.002.

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Mondal, S. C. "Process Capability — A Surrogate Measure of Process Robustness: A Case Study." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12418.

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A robust process is insensitive to the effect of noise variables. Noise variables are the main source for producing variation. Noise variables are included in the outer array in robust design experiment for enhancing robustness. The approach of robust design is to make the process robust (insensitive) to variation due to noise variables. The effect of noise factors can be modelled in a response surface model which helps to determine the settings of the design factors that neutralize the effects of the noise factors and improve robustness. In experimental design the noise factors are assumed fixed value whereas in real world manufacturing noise factors vary randomly. Again for a large scale manufacturing, it is extremely difficult to study robustness using experimentation as there are chances of stoppage of production. In such a situation a simulation-based model can be developed using industrial data to study robustness of a real manufacturing process. This paper proposed a method (a combination of simulation, regression modelling and robust design technique) to study robustness of a hardening and tempering process producing component worm shaft used in the steam power plant. The process capability indices (both univariate and multivariate) are determined based on the model responses. The variation of process performance (process capability values) due to random noise variation is studied using a general purpose process control chart (R-chart). The results show that noise factors in hardening and tempering process are insensitive to manufacturing variation and process capability indices act as a surrogate measure of process robustness.
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Miyachika, Kouitsu, Satoshi Oda, and Hiroshige Fujio. "Effect of Gear-Side Case-Hardening on Residual Stresses of Case-Hardened Gears." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/ptg-14385.

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Abstract This paper presents a study on effects of the case depth, the case-hardened part, the face width, the rim thickness and the standard pressure angle on residual stresses of case-hardened gears. A heat conduction analysis and an elastic-plastic stress analysis for the case-hardening process of spur gears were carried out by the three-dimensional finite-element method (3D-FEM), and then residual stresses were obtained. It was found that the compressive residual stress σ*θ = 30° at Hofer’s critical section of the end of the face width is smaller in magnitude than that of the middle of the face width, and that the absolute value of σ*θ = 30° of the middle of the face width decreases owing to case-hardening the gear-side and the decreasing rate increases with an increasing case depth and a decreasing face width.
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Delsaute, B. "Influence of cyclic movement on the hardening process of grout: case of offshore wind turbine installation." In 10th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. IA-FraMCoS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21012/fc10.235333.

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Li, Zhichao, B. Lynn Ferguson, and Justin Sims. "Distortion Minimization of Bevel Gear Press Quench Hardening Process Using Computer Modeling." In HT2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2019p0237.

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Abstract Press quenching is used to harden gears with large sizes or thin-wall sections while keeping distortion under control. For carburized gears, controlling distortion is critical because only a limited amount of the carburized case can be machined off after hardening. In comparison to immersion oil quenching, the press quench process involves more process parameters due to the thermal and mechanical effects from the tooling on the parts. The press quench tooling and process designs are mainly experience based, with iterative trials needed before obtaining an acceptable process. Computer modeling provides a means for understanding the effects of tooling and process parameters on distortion, which can be used to optimize the process and tooling design. One paper using modeling to simulate the gear responses during a press quench process was published in the 23rd IFHTSE Congress, Savannah, Georgia, USA, 2016.[1] The bevel gear was made of carburized AISI 9310, and the radial shrinkage and taper of the inner diameter were the main distortion modes. The modeling results showed that the expanders were not effective in controlling the distortion of the inner diameter of this gear. Based on the simulation results, an oversized plug was proposed to replace the expanders to effectively control the inner diameter of the gear. However, the taper distortion of the bore was not corrected effectively. In this follow-up paper, the effect of a customized plug configuration is modeled, and an optimized plug configuration is designed to further reduce the distortion of the bore from the quench hardening process.
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Li, Zhichao (Charlie), Andrew Freborg, and Lynn Ferguson. "Effect of Preheat on Improving Beneficial Surface Residual Stresses During Induction Hardening Process." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8583.

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Applications of the induction hardening process have been gradually increasing in the heat treatment industry due to its energy efficiency, process consistency, and clean environment. Compared to traditional furnace heating and liquid quenching processes, induction hardening is more flexible in terms of process control, and it can offer improved part quality. The commonly modified parameters for the process include the inductor power and frequency, heating time, spray quench delay and quench severity, etc. In this study, a single shot induction hardening process of a cylindrical component made of AISI 4340 is modeled using DANTE®. It is known that the residual stresses in a hardened steel component have a significant effect on high cycle fatigue performance, with higher magnitudes of surface residual compression leading to improved high cycle fatigue life. Induction hardening of steel components produces surface residual compression due to the martensitic transformation of the hardened surface layer, with a high magnitude of compression preferred for improved performance in general. In this paper, a preheat concept is proposed with the induction hardening process for enhanced surface residual compression in the hardened case. Preheating can be implemented using either furnace or low power induction heating, and both processes are modeled using DANTE to demonstrate its effectiveness. With the help of computer modeling, the reasons for the development of residual stresses in an induction hardened part are described, and how the preheat can be used to improve the magnitude of surface residual compression is explained.
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Marteeny, Don, Maciej Korecki, and Agnieszka Brewka-Stanulewicz. "Vacuum Carburizing in a Pit Furnace: A 21st Century Solution to Large Component Case Hardening." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0334.

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Abstract Low pressure carburizing (LPC) is a proven, robust case hardening process whose potential is only limited by the style and size of vacuum furnace. Today, LPC is typically used in horizontal vacuum furnaces where the opportunity to carburize large parts is limited. In this paper we present a new adaptation of the technology in large pit type vacuum furnaces, capable of opening to air at elevated temperature. This underscores the potential of LPC to carburize larger, more massive parts in a clean, effective and efficient process. The result is quality casehardened parts without the undesirable side effects of atmosphere gas carburizing such as the use of a flammable atmosphere, reduced CO and NOx emissions, no intergranular oxidation, and limited retort life. Another significant advantage is decreased process time. The case study presented here shows that eliminating furnace conditioning and increasing process temperature can significantly reduce cycle durations by nearly three times and cut utility costs in half. Under these conditions, a return on investment (ROI) is in the neighborhood of 1 – 2 years is possible, making LPC in a pit style furnace a cost-effective solution than traditional atmosphere gas carburizing technologies.
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Akhtar, Syed Sohail, and Abul Fazal M. Arif. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Extrusion Die Profiles for Uniform and Effective Case-Hardening Treatment." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87401.

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One of the utmost challenges of hot aluminum extrusion is to design the die cavities, used to extrude thin-walled profiles, by considering the effective nitriding surface treatment of the die bearing surface in terms of nitride layer uniformity. In the present study, various AISI H13 steel samples (having commonly-used profile geometric features) are manufactured using wire EDM and subsequently nitrided using two-stage controlled nitriding treatment. The uniformity and depth of nitride layers formation on these are investigated in terms of compound layer and total nitride case depth using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Finite element code ABAQUS is used to simulate the nitrding process using sequentially coupled thermo-diffusive analysis in line with experimental set up. Both experimental and numerical results are found in close agreement in terms of nitrogen concentration and corresponding micro-hardness profiles. Some design modifications are implemented in FE code for critical die profile features for uniform nitride layer development. In view of the current results, some design guidelines are suggested for effective and uniform nitride layer formation in order to secure high quality extruded product and extended die life.
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Li, Zhichao (Charlie), and B. Lynn Ferguson. "Enhanced Surface Residual Compression of Carburized Steel Parts Using Laser Peening Process With Preload." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-3930.

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Residual stresses are critical to the fatigue performance of parts. In general, compressive residual stress in the surface is beneficial, and residual tension is detrimental because of the effect of stress on crack initiation and propagation. Carburization and quench hardening create compressive residual stresses in the surface of steel parts. The laser peening process has been successfully used to introduce residual compression to the surface of nonferrous alloy parts. However, the application on carburized steel parts has not been successful so far. The application of laser peening on carburized steel parts is limited due to two main reasons: 1) the high strength and low ductility of carburized case, and 2) the compressive residual stresses in the surface of the part prior to laser peening. In this paper, the carburization, quench hardening, and laser peening processes are integrated using finite element modeling. The predicted residual stresses from quench hardening and laser peening are validated against residual stresses determined from X-ray diffraction measurements. An innovative concept of laser peening with preload has been invented to enhance the residual compression in a specific region of laser peened parts. This concept is proved by FEA models using DANTE-LP.
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Li, Zhichao (Charlie), and B. Lynn Ferguson. "Induction Hardening Process With Preheat to Eliminate Cracking and Improve Quality of a Large Part With Various Wall Thickness." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2721.

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During an induction hardening process, the electromagnetic field generated by the inductor creates eddy currents that heat a surface layer of the part, followed by spray quenching to convert the austenitized layer to martensite. The critical process parameters include the power and frequency of the inductor, the heating time, the quench delay time, the quench rate, and the quench time, etc. These parameters may significantly affect case depth, hardness, distortion, residual stresses, and cracking possibility. Compared to a traditional hardening process, induction hardening has the advantages of low energy consumption, better process consistency, clean environment, low distortion and formation of beneficial residual stresses. However, the temperature gradient in the part during induction hardening is steep due to the faster heating rate of the surface and the aggressive spray quench rate, which leads to a high phase transformation gradient and high magnitude of internal stresses. Quench cracks and high magnitude of residual stresses are more common in induction hardened parts than those of conventional quench hardening processes. In this study, a scanning induction hardening process of a large part made of AISI 4340 with varying wall thickness is modeled using DANTE. The modeling results have successfully shown the cause of cracking. Based on the modeling results, a preheat method is proposed prior to induction heating to reduce the in-process stresses and eliminate the cracking possibility. This process modification not only reduces the magnitude of the in-process tensile stress, but also converts the surface residual stresses from tension to compression at the critical inner corner of the part, which improves the service life of the part. The modified process has been successfully validated by modeling and implemented in the heat treating plant.
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