Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cyanidin

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cyanidin'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cyanidin"

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Li, Li, Jun Li, Hui Xu, Fengmei Zhu, Zhijun Li, Hongzhi Lu, Jinrong Zhang, Zhengsheng Yang, and Yongsheng Liu. "The Protective Effect of Anthocyanins Extracted from Aronia Melanocarpa Berry in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice." Mediators of Inflammation 2021 (January 22, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7372893.

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Background. Our previous research showed the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins extracted from Aronia melanocarpa of black chokeberry in vitro. Ischemia acute kidney injury is a significant risk in developing progressive and deterioration of renal function leading to clinic chronic kidney disease. There were many attempts to protect the kidney against this progression of renal damage. Current study was designed to examine the effect of pretreatment with three anthocyanins named cyanidin-3-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-glucodise, and cyaniding-3-galactoside against acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in mouse kidney. Methods. Acute renal injury model was initiated by 30 min clamping bilateral renal pedicle and followed by 24-hour reperfusion in C57Bl/6J mice. Four groups of mice were orally pretreated in 50 mg/g/12 h for two weeks with cyanidin-3-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-glucodise, and cyaniding-3-galactoside and anthocyanins (three-cyanidin mixture), respectively, sham-control group and the renal injury-untreated groups only with saline. Results. The model resulted in renal dysfunction with high serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and changes in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1), renal oxidative stress (SOD, GSH, and CAT), lipid peroxidation (TBARS and MDA), and apoptosis (caspase-9). Pretreatment of two weeks resulted in different extent amelioration of renal dysfunction and tubular damage and suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, thus suggesting that cyanidins are potentially effective in acute renal ischemia by the decrease of inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation, as well as apoptosis. Conclusion. the current study provided the first attempt to investigate the role of anthocyanins purified from Aronia melanocarpa berry in amelioration of acute renal failure via antioxidant and cytoprotective effects.
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BALLINGTON, J. R., W. E. BALLINGER, E. P. MANESS, and J. J. LUBY. "ANTHOCYANIN, AGLYCONE AND AGLYCONE-SUGAR CONTENT OF THE FRUITS OF FIVE SPECIES OF Vaccinium SECTION Myrtillus." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-029.

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HPLC analysis of fruit from the blueberry species Vaccinium chamissonis, V. deliciosum, V. membranaceum and V. ovalifolium identified the 3-monoarabinosides, 3-monogalactosides, and 3-monoglucosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and petunidin. Vaccinium parvifolium only contained cyanidins, and was very high in cyanidin-3-galactoside (88.7%). Vaccinium membranaceum was also high in cyanidins and cyanidin-3-galactoside. Differences in the relative percentages of galactose, cyanidins and in particular cyanidin-3-galactoside supported current designations of these two taxa as valid species and distinguished them from the other three. Differences in anthocyanin or aglycone percentages were not useful in distinguishing V. deliciosum from V. chamissonis and V. ovalifolium; however, differences in aglycone-sugars were. The similarities among V. chamissonis (2n = 2X = 24) and V. ovalifolium (2n = 4X = 48) support their previous designation as a probably polyploid series.Key words: HPLC, blueberry, chemotaxonomy, taxonomy, biosystematics
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Laksmiani, N. P. L., I. G. P. Putra, I. P. W. I P. W. Nugraha, I. W. Suwartawan, and N. K. S. Ani. "STUDI POTENSI SIANIDIN DAN PEONIDIN DARI UBI JALAR UNGU (ipomoea batatas L.) SEBAGAI AGEN DEPIGMENTASI SECARA IN SILICO." Jurnal Kimia 13, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2019.v13.i01.p06.

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Hyperpigmentation is caused by enhancement of melanin production that causes skin darkening. Purple sweet potato is one of the plants that is potentially developed as skin depigmentation agent because it contains anthocyanin. The most common types of anthocyanins in purple sweet potato are cyanidin and peonidin which are in vitro proven to be used as skin lightening. The objective of this study is to determine the potential of cyanidin and peonidin as skin depigmentation agent against target protein D-Dopachrome taumerase through in silico molecular docking method. The research steps include the preparation of target protein using Chimera 1.10.1 program, optimization of cyanidine and peonidin 3D structures using Hyperchem 8 program, validation of molecular docking method, and docking of cyanidine and peonidine on target protein using Autodock 4.2 program. The bond energy between cyanidin and peonidin with the target protein D-Dopachrome taumerase are -7.75 kcal / mol and -8.38 kcal / mol. The cyanidin and peonidin bond values ??are smaller than the native ligand, suggesting that the bond between the test compound (cyanidin and peonidin) with the target protein are stronger and more stable than the native ligand, so that the affinity of the test compound was greater than the native ligand. This suggests that the cyanidin and peonidin compounds in purple sweet potato have potential as a depigmentation agent by inhibiting D-Dopachrome taumerase protein.
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Zannou, Oscar, Hojjat Pashazadeh, Mohamed Ghellam, Salam A. Ibrahim, and Ilkay Koca. "Extraction of Anthocyanins from Borage (Echium amoenum) Flowers Using Choline Chloride and a Glycerol-Based, Deep Eutectic Solvent: Optimization, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioavailability." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010134.

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Borage flower (Echium amoenum), an annual herb native to the Mediterranean region, is an excellent source of anthocyanins and is widely used in various forms due to its biological activities. In the present study, a choline chloride and glycerol (CHGLY)-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) was applied in order to extract the anthocyanins from borage flowers. The traditional solvents, including water, methanol, and ethanol, were used to evaluate the efficiency of CHGLY. The results showed that CHGLY was highly efficient compared to the traditional solvents, providing the highest amounts of the total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), individual anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). The most dominant anthocyanin found in studied borage was cyanidin-3-glucoside, followed by cyanin chloride, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, and pelargonidin-3-glucoside. The bioavailability % was 71.86 ± 0.47%, 77.29 ± 0.57%, 80.22 ± 0.65%, and 90.95 ± 1.01% for cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, by pelargonidin-3-glucoside and cyanin chloride, respectively. However, cyanidin-3-glucoside was the anthocyanin compound showing the highest stability (99.11 ± 1.66%) in the gastrointestinal environment. These results suggested that choline chloride and glycerol-based NADES is not only an efficient, eco-friendly solvent for the extraction of anthocyanins but can also be used to increase the bioavailability of anthocyanins.
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Bitsch, Roland, Michael Netzel, Susanne Sonntag, Gabriele Strass, Thomas Frank, and Irmgard Bitsch. "Urinary Excretion of Cyanidin Glucosides and Glucuronides in Healthy Humans After Elderberry Juice Ingestion." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2004, no. 5 (2004): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s111072430440309x.

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In a pilot study with 6 females and 1 male, the metabolism of various cyanidin glucosides after oral administration of elderberry juice was investigated. The anthocyanin metabolites were detected in urinary excretion. After ingestion of a bolus quantity of3.57g total anthocyanins in a150mL elderberry juice concentrate,0.053% of the administered dose was excreted in urine as glucosidically bound cyanidins within the first 5 hours. Only0.003% of the ingested anthocyanin glucosides was excreted as cyanidin glucuronide, suggesting that this conversion step might be of minor importance in urinary excretion.
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Hssaini, Lahcen, Francisca Hernandez, Manuel Viuda-Martos, Jamal Charafi, Rachid Razouk, Karim Houmanat, Rachida Ouaabou, et al. "Survey of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and In Vitro Antioxidant Potency Between Fig Peels and Pulps: Chemical and Chemometric Approach." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092574.

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In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels’ free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar “INRA 1301” showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (−)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectively.
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Mahmud, Muhammad Nur Maulidin, and Sudarlin Sudarlin. "Theoretical Study of the Use of Cyano Acid Derivatives as Electron Acceptors in Cyanidin as Compounds of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 22, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.1.1-6.

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Theoretical study of the use of cyano acid derivatives as electron acceptor groups in cyanidine as dye compounds of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has been carried out based on energy parameters of HOMO-LUMO, LUMO electron localization, spectra, light absorption efficiency, coupling constants, and sensitizer bond length with TiO2. This study aims to determine the effect of cyanoacetic acid, cyanoacrylic benzothiadizole, cyanovinyl acid and cyanosynamic acid as electron acceptors on the photoelectric characteristics of cyanidine and determine the cyanoic acid derivative which can produce cyanidine photoelectric characteristics better based on energy parameters HOMO-LUMO, LUMO electron localization, spectra, light harvesting efficiency, coupling constant (VRP), and bond length of sensitizer with TiO2. This research begun with molecular optimization using DFT and TDDFT method with basis set of 6.311G *. HOMO-LUMO parameters used the same method with analysis technique using ECCE. The LUMO electron localization parameters use the same method, but the analysis technique used ECCE. Spectra using DFT method, using analytical technique using Chemcraft. Parameters of light absorption efficiency using DFT and TDDFT method with calculation technique using existing equations. Coupling constant parameters using the same method, the calculation technique used the energy equation of dye compounds were calculated in the conditions of HOMO, LUMO and TiO2 energy. Parameter length of the sensitizer bond with TiO2 were calculated used DFT method with avogadro analysis technique. Cyanidin cyanoacetate became the best modification based on HOMO LUMO energy parameter -4.569 and -1.01 eV, respesctively. In the electron localization parameter, the best modification was produced in cyanidine cyanoacetate with an electron-centered pattern on the cyanoacetic group. Spectra parameters produced the best modification, cyanoacetic cyanidine with a wavelength of 378.811 nm with osillator strength of 0.633. The light absorption efficiency parameters resulted in the best modification of cyanidin cyanoacetate with a value of 0.767. For parameter of clutch constant, best modification is cyanidin benzothiadizol sianoakrilik with a value -0.269. The best modification on the parameter length of the sensitizer bond with TiO2 was cyanidine cyanoacetate with a bond length of 1.926 Å.
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Chen, Jian, Jian Sun, Julian Jiang, and Jie Zhou. "Cyanidin Protects SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells from 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-Induced Neurotoxicity." Pharmacology 102, no. 3-4 (2018): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489853.

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Cyanidin is an anthocyanidin extracted from a variety of fruits and vegetables. Cyanidin showed benefits against diabetes, cancer, and atherosclerosis. However, the potential neuroprotective effects of cyanidin against Parkinson’s disease (PD) have not been examined. Indicated concentrations of cyanidin (1, 3, 10, and 30 μmol/L) were incubated together with 0.5 mmol/L 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We found cyanidin prevented MPP+-induced cell demise in a concentration-dependent manner. Cyanidin significantly reduced MPP+-induced apoptosis, this is reflected by decreased TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining and caspase-3 expressions. Further, MPP+ increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which was partly reversed by cyanidin. We also found cyanidin attenuated the MPP+-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress as revealed by decreased MitoSOX staining. Taken together, these data for the first time indicated the ­neuroprotective effects of cyanidin against MPP+-induced ­SH-SY5Y cell death. These findings shed light on the potential implications of cyanidin for PD treatment.
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Novotny, Janet A., Beverly A. Clevidence, and Anne C. Kurilich. "Anthocyanin kinetics are dependent on anthocyanin structure." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 4 (September 28, 2011): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451100314x.

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The kinetics of anthocyanin metabolism was investigated in a human feeding trial. Volunteers (n 12) consumed purple carrots containing five anthocyanin forms: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-coumuroyl-glucose-galactoside). The purple carrots were served as three different treatments in a crossover design with a 3-week washout between treatments. Purple carrot treatments were 250 g raw carrots, 250 g cooked carrots and 500 g cooked carrots. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for 8 and 24 h after the dose, respectively, and analysed for anthocyanins. Of the anthocyanin forms ingested, four were detected in plasma and urine: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside). The time courses of plasma and urine anthocyanin contents were evaluated with compartmental modelling. Results showed that absorption, gastrointestinal transit and plasma elimination are dependent on anthocyanin structure. Absorption efficiencies of acylated compounds (cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside)) were less than those for non-acylated anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside)). The acylated anthocyanins exhibited a shorter half-life for gastrointestinal absorption than the non-acylated anthocyanins. Fractional elimination of non-acylated compounds was slower than that for acylated anthocyanins. These results provide the first information about the kinetics of individual anthocyanins in human beings.
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Jin, Yuan, Zuoyong Zhang, Hanju Sun, Muwen Wang, Shuyun Liu, Lei Wang, Gang Ma, Tao Zhang, and Shudong He. "Effects of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Derived from Black Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) and Enzymatically Acylated Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Lauryl Ester on Intestinal Microorganisms In Vitro." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 20, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.20:159-168.

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In this paper, cyanidin-3-glucoside was isolated and purified from black rice, then enzymatic acylation with lauric acid to obtain cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester. The structure of cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester was characterized by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then the potential proliferative effect on probiotics and inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester were studied in vitro. The effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester on the composition of human fecal intestinal flora and its metabolic pathway were also analyzed through 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicated that cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester was better than cyanidin-3-glucoside in promoting the growth of B. adolescentis, B. infantis, L. thermophiles, and L. acidophilus as well as inhibiting the growth of S. dysenteriae, Y. enterocolitica, S. enteritidis, and S. typhi. Additionally, the proliferative effect of cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester was significantly improved in a lower media pH due to the intestinal microbial metabolism to produce more organic acids, such as propionic acid, phenyllactic acid, and lauric acid. The study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester in the intestinal health.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cyanidin"

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Fu, Ruiling. "Using High-Field NMR to Identify the Bioactive Compounds in Extracts of Black Raspberry." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1185892825.

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Amin, Hiren. "The vascular and anti-inflammatory activity of cyanidin-3-glucoside and its metabolites in human vascular endothelial cells." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/54341/.

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High dietary consumption of anthocyanins has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is supported by evidence from human, animal and in vitro studies. However, owing to anthocyanins’ poor bioavailability and extensive metabolism, it is likely their metabolites are responsible for their reported health effects; yet the bioactivity of anthocyanin metabolites remains largely unknown. This thesis aimed to address this deficiency in current scientific literature by investigating the vascular and anti-inflammatory activity of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), the most abundant anthocyanin in the UK diet, and 11 of its recently identified metabolites (including six synthetic metabolites) at physiological concentrations (0.1 – 10 µM) in a human endothelial cell model. Here protein and mRNA levels were established using ELISA and RT-qPCR, superoxide levels were quantified by spectrophotometric measure of cytochrome creduction and electron paramagnetic resonancespectroscopy, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation was established by flow cytometry. The data indicate that C3G, its A-ring degradant, phloroglucinaldehyde (PGA), and its phase II metabolite vanillic acid (VA) increased the basal expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by between 1.5- to-3 fold (p<0.05). In contrast, none of the compounds tested modulated angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated superoxide production and basal endothelin-1 expression in endothelial cells. Anti-inflammatory activity of the treatments was characterised by their effects upon oxidised low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40L) stimulated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in endothelial cells. Here, significant bioactivity of C3G metabolites was observed, as 7 out of 12 of the tested treatments reduced CD40L-induced VCAM-1 expression up to 65% (relative to control, p<0.05), eight compounds reduced CD40L-induced IL-6 production up to 95% (relative to control, p<0.05), and nine compounds reduced oxLDL-induced IL-6 protein secretion up to 99% of control incubations (p<0.05). Protocatechuic acid (PCA) and VA reduced VCAM-1 and IL-6 protein and mRNA levels under both stimulation conditions, and were therefore selected for further targeted investigation of transcription factor activity. Here IL-1β-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was significantly reduced by both PCA and VA (p<0.05). Therefore, anthocyanin metabolites appear to exert their effects on inflammatory chemokines through attenuation of NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in endothelial cells. In summary, the beneficial effects of anthocyanins in Page 3 vivo may arise, in part, from the anti-inflammatory activity of their metabolites, as the metabolites displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity and are found in the circulation at considerably higher concentrations than their unmetabolised precursor structures, hence likely contributing to the observed vascular activity in humans. These findings provide novel insight to bioactivity of anthocyanins and extend current knowledge in the field of anthocyanin research.
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Diemert, Lindsey. "A Sweet Cherry Feeding Trial in Healthy, Overweight Males: Anthocyanin Bioavailability and Inflammatory Biomarker Response." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203500.

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Background: Low-grade chronic inflammation has been implicated as a risk factor in prostate-related pathologies including benign hyperplasia and cancer. Sweet cherry containing the bioactive anthocyanin (ACN), has demonstrated tumor inhibitory action in model systems, specifically inhibition of inflammatory molecules and prostaglandin biosynthesis. Objective: To assess the urinary and plasma concentrations of ACN from the daily consumption of 3 cups of sweet cherries for 4 weeks and test the relationship of ACN levels and cherry consumption to inflammatory biomarkers in an at risk population. Results: Prostaglandin E2 Metabolite (PGEM) levels were reduced with cherry consumption in men with elevated baseline values. Conclusion: We conclude that 1c (142g) of sweet cherries 3 times daily for 4 weeks significantly reduced the COX-2 metabolite, PGEM, in men with elevated baseline levels. This was the first study to examine the chronic effects of daily sweet cherries on COX-2 inhibition in an at risk population.
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Casanova, Federico. "Colloidal stability of native and cross-linked casein micelles and their potential use as nanocarrier for cyanidin-3-O-glucoside." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10417.

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Micelas de caseína (MCs) são estruturas supramoleculares naturais presentes no leite. Seu diâmetro hidrodinâmico médio é de 200 nm e apresenta um núcleo hidrofóbico e uma membrana hidrofílica. MCs podem ser usadas como nanocarreadores naturais para liberar várias moléculas de interesse. Apesar das MCs serem bastante estáveis ao calor, sua estrutura é altamente sensível a mudanças iônicas especialmente em pH ácido. Um interessante método para estabilizar a estrutura da caseína consiste na sua reticulação pela união de moléculas de caseínas por meio de ligações covalentes. Neste contexto, o objetivo desse presente trabalho é investigar a estabilidade de MCs reticuladas sob diferentes pHs, agentes dissociadores, temperatura e condições alcóolicas. Assim, verificar o seu potencial como nanocarreador para aprisionar cianidina-3-O- glicosídeo (C3G), um antocianina presente em várias frutas brasileiras que apresenta diversificada propriedade bioativa em condições ácidas. Dois agentes reticuladores foram avaliados: genipina (GP) e transglutaminase (Tgase). Nós apresentamos um estudo comparativo da estabilidade entre MCs nativas e MCs reticuladas com GP ou Tgase em função do pH. A estabilidade em diferentes temperaturas e concentrações de etanol foram investigadas em uma faixa de pH entre 2,0 - 7,0 e os resultados apresentaram que a reação de reticulação estabilizou as MCs sob as condições testadas. No entanto, GP não é reconhecida como GRAS (segura para aplicação em alimentos) a pesquisas adicionais sobre sua toxicidade devem ser requeridas para implementar o seu uso como reticulador em alimentos. Por essa razão, na segunda parte do nosso trabalho, nós restringimos somente nas MCs reticuladas com Tgase com a perspectiva do seu uso em aplicações alimentícias. Primeiramente nós investigamos sobre a possibilidade de interação entre as moléculas de caseína e C3G em condições ácida (pH 2,0) e neutra (pH 7,0). Desta forma, o uso de MCs reticuladas por Tgase como nanocarreadores de C3Ga pH 2,0 e a pH 7,0 foram exploradas. A constante de ligação tão bem quanto as forças dirigentes a diferentes valores de pH foram determinadas por meio de análises termodinâmicas a diferentes temperaturas. A pH 2,0, a associação hidrofóbica dirigiu as interações entre a caseína e C3G, enquanto a pH 7,0, as interações eletrostáticas são as forças dirigentes dominantes. MCs reticulada com Tgase não afeta as interações entre C3G e as caseínas significando que elas podem ser usadas como eficientes nanocarreadores para antocianinas como a C3G em condições ácidas.
Casein micelles (CMs) are natural supramolecular assemblies present in milk. Their average hydrodynamic diameter is about 200nm and they present a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell. CMscan be used as natural nanocarriers to deliver various moleculesof interest. Although CMs are quite stable against heat, their structure is highly sensitive to ionic changes, especially at acid pH. An interesting method to stabilize casein structure consists on itscross-linking, by joining casein molecules through covalent bonds.In this context, the objective of the present work is first to investigate the stability of cross-linked CMs under different pH, dissociating agents, temperature, and ethanol conditions. Then, verify their potential use as nanocarrier for entrapped cyanidine-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin present in several Brazilian’s fruits, that shows diverse bioactive properties in acid conditions. Two cross-linking agents were evaluated: genipin (GP) and transglutaminase (Tgase). We present a comparative study of the stability between native CMs and CMs cross-linked with GP or Tgase as a function of pH. Stabilities at different temperatures and ethanol concentrations were investigated in a pH range between 7.0 – 2.0 and results showed that the cross-linkingreaction stabilized CMs under the conditions tested.However, GP is not recognized as GRAS (safe for food applications) and further researches on toxicity would be required to implement their use as a food-grade cross-linker. For this reason, in the second part of our work, we focalize only on Tgase cross-linked CMswith perspectives of using it for food applications.Firstly we investigated on the possible interaction between casein molecules and C3G under acidic (pH 2.0) and neutral (pH 7.0) conditions. Then, the use of Tgasecross-linked CMs as nanocarrier for C3G at pH 2.0 and at pH 7.0 was explored. Binding constant as well as driving forces at different pH values were determined by thermodynamic analysis at different temperatures. At pH 2.0, hydrophobic association drive the interactions between caseins and C3G, whereas at pH 7.0, electrostatic interactions are the dominant binding forces. CMs Cross-linking by Tgase don’t affect the interactions between C3G and caseins meaning it can be used as efficient nanocarriers for anthocyanins such as C3G under acid conditions.
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Davies, Gillian Mary. "Degradation of cyanide and metal cyanides using fungi." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393787.

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CARUSO, ENRICO. "STUDY OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE IN THE SGCA NULL DYSTROPHIC MOUSE MODEL." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/570027.

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During my PhD, I mainly focus on the of dietary antioxidant and the role of oxidative stress in the progression of Muscular Dystrophy (MDs). MDs are genetic human diseases which are hallmarked by a progressive muscle wasting of variable severity, in the most severe cases this condition leads patients to wheelchair life and premature death due to respiratory and cardiac failure (Emery 2002). Mutations, in these pathologies, mainly affect the Dystrophin-associated Glycoprotein Complex (DGC); this multiprotein complex is located in the myofiber sarcolemma and links the fibers to the extracellular matrix conferring stability to fiber structure. The absence or the malfunction of the DGC leads to myofibers instability, which leads to fibers death and in time compromise muscle functionality. In the most severe cases MD patients would die of respiratory and cardiac failure. Nowadays there is no definitive treatment for MDs that can cure the root of the pathology, although among the different approaches, many efforts are directed to slow down the progression of the disease to counteract the progressive degeneration and to improve patients life quality (Cossu & Sampaolesi 2007). It is now very well established that the DGC not only plays a structural role for the myofiber stability, but also its stretch during contraction is essential for the activation of important signalling pathways. In fact, in literature is known that accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress contribute strongly to the worsening of MDs, suggesting that muscles affected by these diseases display an impairment in antioxidant signalling (Rando 1998; Rando 2002). In this study, we show that an cyanidin enriched diet is able to delay MD progression in the dystrophic mouse model Sgca null. In particular we display a morphological amelioration of muscle tissue organization, more fiber stability and rescue of muscle performance. Moreover, the antioxidant diet is able to interfere with the proinflammatory environment, typical of these pathologies. Specifically, cyanidin impairs NF-kB translocation into the myonuclei, and prevent the expression of typical pro-inflammatory genes such as TNF- and iNOS. Furthermore, we observe an increase of the antioxidant response in dystrophic mice fed with this particular diet. We found that the transcriptional levels of antioxidant genes (i.e. HO-1 and GCLC), in this scenario, are increased through the activity a specific transcription factor known as Nrf-2. We investigate on the signalling pathway that promote Nrf-2 nuclei localization, finding that AMPK activity is the crucial factor.
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Parab, Preeti. "Requirements for Cell-Free Cyanide Oxidation by Pseudomonas Fluorescens NCIMB 11764." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2614/.

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The involvement of cyanide oxygenase in the metabolism of pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate-cyanohydrin was investigated and shown to occur indirectly by the consumption of free cyanide arising from the cyanohydrins via chemical dissociation. Thus, free cyanide remains the substrate, for which the enzyme displays a remarkably high affinity (Kmapp,4 mM). A model for cyanide utilization is therefore envisioned in which the substrate is initially detoxified by complexation to an appropriate ligand followed by enzymatic oxidation of cyanide arising at sublethal levels via chemical dissociation. Putative cyanide oxygenase in cell extracts consumed both oxygen and NADH in equimolar proportions during cyanide conversion to CO2 and NH3 and existed separately from an unknown heat-stable species responsible for the nonenzymatic cyanide-catalyzed consumption of oxygen. Evidence of cyanide inhibition and nonlinear kinetics between enzyme activity and protein concentration point to a complex mechanism of enzymatic substrate conversion.
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Leahy, Christopher David. "The oxidation by peroxides of cyanides, cyanide complexes and related species." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46407.

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Wang, Chien-Sao. "Cell-Free Recovery and Isotopic Identification of Cyanide Degrading Enzymes from Pseudomonas Fluorescens." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278363/.

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Cell-free extracts from Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764 catalyzed the degradation of cyanide into products that included C02, formic acid, formamide and ammonia. Cyanide-degrading activity was localized to cytosolic cell fractions and was observed at substrate concentrations as high as 100 mM. Two cyanide degrading activities were identified by: (i) the determination of reaction products stoichiometries, (ii) requirements for NADH and oxygen, and (iii) kinetic analysis. The first activity produced CO2 and NH3 as reaction products, was dependent on oxygen and NADH for activity, and displayed an apparent Km for cyanide of 1.2 mM. The second activity generated formic acid (and NH3) pfus formamide as reaction products, was oxygen independent, and had an apparent Km of 12 mM for cyanide. The first enzymatic activity was identified as cyanide oxygenase whereas the second activity consists of two enzymes, a cyanide nitrilase (dihydratase) and putative cyanide hydratase. In addition to these enzymes, cyanide-grown cells were also induced for formate dehydrogenase (FDH), providing a means of recycling NADH utilized by cyanide oxygenase.
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Fernandez, Ruby. "Cyanide Assimilation in Pseudomonas Fluorescens: Characterization of Cyanide Oxygenase as a Pterin-Dependent Multicomponent Enzyme Complex." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5548/.

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Cyanide utilization in Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11764 occurs via oxidative conversion to carbon dioxide and ammonia, the latter satisfying the nitrogen requirement. Substrate attack is initiated by an enzyme referred to as cyanide oxygenase (CNO), previously shown to require components in both high (H) (>30 kDa) and low (L) (<10 kDa) molecular weight cell fractions. In this study, tetrahydrobiopterin (H4biopterin) was identified as a cofactor in fraction L, thus making CNO appear as a pterin- dependent hydroxylase. CNO was purified 150-fold (specific activity 0.9 U/mg) and quantitatively converted cyanide to formate and ammonia as reaction products. When coupled with formate dehydrogenase, the complete enzymatic system for cyanide oxidation to carbon dioxide and ammonia was reconstituted. CNO was found to be an aggregate of known enzymes that included NADH oxidase (Nox), NADH peroxidase (Npx), cyanide dihydratase (CynD) and carbonic anhydrase (CA). A complex multi-step reaction mechanism is proposed in which Nox generates hydrogen peroxide which in turn is utilized by Npx to catalyze the oxygenation of cyanide to formamide accompanied by the consumption of one and two molar equivalents of oxygen and NADH, respectively. The further hydrolysis of formamide to ammonia and formate is thought to be mediated by CynD. The role of H4biopterin and of the enzyme CA in the proposed process remains unclear, but the involvement of each in reactive oxygen and radical chemistry is consistent with the proposed formation of such species in the catalytic process. H4biopterin may additionally serve as a protein stabilizing agent along with a protein co-purifying with CynD identified as elongation factor Tu, a known chaperone. At least two of the CNO components (Nox and CynD) are complex oligomeric proteins whose apparent association with Npx and CA appears to be favored in bacterial cells induced with cyanide allowing their purification in toto as a multiprotein enzyme complex.
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Books on the topic "Cyanidin"

1

1926-, Kaloi͡anova-Simeonova Fina, Fishbein L. 1923-, United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organisation, Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals., and World Health Organization, eds. Hydrogen cyanide and cyanides: Human health aspects. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.

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A, Young Courtney, Twidwell L. G, Anderson Corby G, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Extraction and Processing Division., Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, and Symposium on Cyanide: Social, Industrial and Economic Aspects (2001 : New Orleans, Louisiana), eds. Cyanide : social, industrial and economic aspects: The proceedings of a symposium held at [the] annual meeting of TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society) New Orleans, Louisiana, February 12-15, 2001. Warrendale, Pa: TMS, 2001.

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Bokonbaev, K. Dzh. Barskoon: Mify i realʹnostʹ. Bishkek: Izd-vo "Ilim", 2000.

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National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.). Technology Transfer and Support Division, ed. Managing cyanide in metal finishing. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Technology Transfer and Support Division, 2000.

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Conference, on Cyanide and the Environment (1984 Tucson Arizona). Cyanide and the environment: Proceedings of a conference, Tucson, Arizona, December 11-14, 1984. Fort Collins, CO: Dept. of Civil Engineering, Colorado State University, 1985.

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National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.). Technology Transfer and Support Division., ed. Managing cyanide in metal finishing. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Technology Transfer and Support Division, 2000.

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Ingles, J. State-of-the-art of processes for the treatment of gold mill effluents. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1985.

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Hou, Lynn Y. Cyanide. Santa Monica, CA: Two Stars One Universe Productions, 1999.

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Hou, Lynn Y. Cyanide. Santa Monica, CA: the author, 1998.

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Granato, Marcus. Utilização do aguapé no tratamento de efluentes com cianetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil: MCT, CNPq, CETEM, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cyanidin"

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Cyanidin-3-rhamnosylglucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase." In Enzyme Handbook 12, 559–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61117-9_116.

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Hallenbeck, William H., and Kathleen M. Cunningham-Burns. "Cyanides." In Pesticides and Human Health, 42–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5054-8_23.

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Moore, Jame W. "Cyanides." In Springer Series on Environmental Management, 130–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3004-5_12.

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Sui, Xiaonan. "Monte Carlo Modelling of Non-isothermal Degradation of Two Cyanidin-Based Anthocyanins in Aqueous System at High Temperatures and its Impact on Antioxidant Capacities." In Springer Theses, 15–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2612-6_3.

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Pulster, Erin L., and James V. Hillman. "Cyanide." In Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology, 331–40. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118834015.ch46.

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George, David J. "Cyanide." In Poisons, 83–88. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371757-11.

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Ware, George W. "Cyanide." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 53–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7083-3_5.

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Curry, Steven C., and Meghan B. Spyres. "Cyanide: Hydrogen Cyanide, Inorganic Cyanide Salts, and Nitriles." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_101-1.

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Curry, Steven C., and Meghan B. Spyres. "Cyanide: Hydrogen Cyanide, Inorganic Cyanide Salts, and Nitriles." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1929–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_101.

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Seckbach, Joseph. "Overview on Cyanidian Biology." In Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 345–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3795-4_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cyanidin"

1

Milenkovic, Dejan A., Jasmina M. Dimitric Markovic, and Zoran S. Markovic. "DFT investigation of the reaction of cyanidin with hydroxyl radical." In 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibe.2015.7367647.

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Nur, UA Fitriani, Rahmawati Saleh, Mursida, Rosmaladewi, and Muhammad Yusuf. "Effects of spray-drying conditions on the physical properties, colour, anthocyanin and Cyanidin 3-O—glucoside of rosella microcapsules." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATICS, AND ENGINEERING. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094272.

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Rakic, Violeta. "INFLUENCE OF PH VALUE ON HUE ANGLE AND VISIBLE ABSORPTION MAXIMA OF CYANIDIN 3-O-B-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b61/s25.062.

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"Free Cyanide Degradation Kinetics of Cyanide Degrading Bacteria." In Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118251.

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"Performance of Various Cyanide Degrading Bacteria on the Biodegradation of Free Cyanide." In Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118255.

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Vo, Asia P., Javier Longoria, William Blackledge, Isaac Yoshii, Tho Le, Robert Liou, Sari Mahon, Gerard Boss, and Matthew Brenner. "Development Of A Cobinamide-Based Cyanide Sensor For Rapid Detection Of Cyanide Toxicity." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5861.

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Wong, Justin, Chathura Bandutunga, Malcolm Gray, and Jong Chow. "Digitally Enhanced Fiber Sagnac Interferometer for Near-Infrared Molecular Dispersion Spectroscopy." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.jtu5a.7.

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We present a fiber dispersion spectrometer with digitally enhanced homodyne phase extraction and frequency and intensity noise suppression. It is used to interrogate anomalous dispersion of Hydrogen Cyanide (H13CN) in the near-infrared.
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Elkhazraji, Ali, Mohammad Khaled Shakfa, Mohammad Adil, Mhanna Mhanna, Hanfeng Jin, Marco Marangoni, Binod Giri, and Aamir Farooq. "Laser-Based Sensor for Combustion Diagnostics in Mid-Infrared 11.56 ─ 15 μm." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2022.lm4b.3.

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We present a new sensor based on a widely tunable difference-frequency-generation light source emitting in the mid-infrared. We applied this sensor to probe benzene (C6H6) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in reactive environments at combustion-relevent conditions.
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Lai, Willetta, C. M. Chan, P. L. Li, and K. W. Yee. "High performance cyanide-free immersion gold." In 2016 11th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2016.7799987.

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Dent, M. H., and W. R. Williamson. "Cyanide Plating with Closed Loop Recovery." In Annual Aerospace/Airline Plating and Metal Finishing Forum and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/850707.

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Reports on the topic "Cyanidin"

1

Burger, L. L., and R. D. Scheele. Interim report cyanide safety studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10139597.

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Burger, L. L., and R. D. Scheele. Interim report cyanide safety studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5664674.

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Riveros, P., E. W. Wong, D. J. MacKinnon, K. E. Haque, E. A. Giziwicz, and P. D. Kondos. Chloride mediated electro-oxidation of cyanide. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/327779.

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Sopok, Samuel. Determination of Copper Cyanide Plating Solutions and Cadmium in Cadmium Cyanide Plating Solutions by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419994.

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Simpson, B. C., T. E. Jones, and K. H. Pool. Assay development status report for total cyanide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10161338.

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Zoltani, C. K., G. E. Platoff, and S. I. Baskin. Simulation Studies of Cyanide-Caused Cardiac Toxicity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432856.

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Bryan, S. A., K. H. Pool, and S. L. Bryan. Ferrocyanide Safety Program cyanide speciation studies. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/112331.

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Boswell, Garry W. Methemoglobin as a Possible Antidote in Cyanide Poisoning. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210270.

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Argyle, M. D., R. L. Cowan, G. L. Hudman, T. A. Close, R. V. Fox, G. A. Hulet, and J. L. Scott. Noncyanide Strippers to Replace Cyanide Strippers. Volume 3. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585254.

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Petrikovics, Ilona. Development and Efficacy Testing of Next Generation Cyanide Antidotes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594849.

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