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Journal articles on the topic 'Cyanobacterial toxins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2024

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1

Yusof, Tengku Nadiah, Mohd Rafatullah, Rohaslinda Mohamad, Norli Ismail, Zarina Zainuddin, and Japareng Lalung. "Cyanobacteria Characteristics and Methods for Isolation and Accurate Identification of Cyanotoxins: A Review Article." Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 10051. http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ajehe.10051.

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Cyanobacteria are bacteria found in different ecosystems, such as lakes and rocks. These bacteria, capable of photosynthesis, are important sources of oxygen. However, some cyanobacterial strains can produce toxins, which are harmful to humans and animals. Therefore, collection of epidemiological and surveillance data on cyanobacterial toxins in the environment is vital to ensure a low risk of exposure to toxins in other organisms. For presentation of accurate data on environmental cyanobacterial toxins, it is essential to understand their characteristics, including taxonomy, toxin proteins, a

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Codd, Geoffrey A., Steven G. Bell, and William P. Brooks. "Cyanobacterial Toxins in Water." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0071.

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Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) commonly occur in fresh- and brackish waters and may produce massive annual growths as a consequence of nutrient enrichment from natural waters, agricultural fertilizer run-off, or from domestic/industrial effluents. The cyanobacterial species which dominate these growths typically belong to the genera which produce toxins. Cyanobacterial toxins cause fatal poisonings of agricultural livestock, wild animals, birds and fish on a world-wide basis. The involvement of the toxins in human health problems has also been inferred in several countries and their presence

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3

Mohamad, Rohaslinda, Mohd Rafatullah, Tengku Yusof, Yi Sim, Norli Ismail, and Japareng Lalung. "Detection of Microcystin (Mcye) Gene in Recreational Lakes in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia." Current World Environment 11, no. 3 (December 25, 2016): 690–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.3.02.

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Toxic cyanobacteria blooms became a worldwide problems as many countries encounter the presence of the blooms in most of water bodies. As part to develop monitoring of cyanobacterial toxins in Malaysia, samples taken in twelve points in five different lakes in Miri, Sarawak. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cyanobacterial 16S rRNA were carried out to detect the presence of cyanobacteria in the water samples. Cyanobacterial 16S rRNA were detected in all the samples collected. While molecular analysis for detection of cyanobacterial toxin encoding gene were done using specific pr

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Codd, G. A. "Cyanobacterial toxins: occurrence, properties and biological significance." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0177.

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All of the most commonly encountered genera of cyanobacteria which form blooms and scums in fresh-brackish- and marine waters include members capable of producing potent toxins. Poisonings of vertebrate and invertebrate animals following the ingestion of cyanobacterial bloom/scum material have been widely reported for many years and recognition of the adverse effects of cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins is increasing. This review considers the occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial populations and properties of the toxins themselves, of which at least 60 are now recognised. When rightfully re

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Schwarzenberger, Anke. "Negative Effects of Cyanotoxins and Adaptative Responses of Daphnia." Toxins 14, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110770.

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The plethora of cyanobacterial toxins are an enormous threat to whole ecosystems and humans. Due to eutrophication and increases in lake temperatures from global warming, changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins and selection of few highly toxic species/ strains are likely. Globally, one of the most important grazers that controls cyanobacterial blooms is Daphnia, a freshwater model organism in ecology and (eco)toxicology. Daphnia–cyanobacteria interactions have been studied extensively, often focusing on the interference of filamentous cyanobacteria with Daphnia’s filtering appara

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Kormas, Konstantinos Ar, and Despoina S. Lymperopoulou. "Cyanobacterial Toxin Degrading Bacteria: Who Are They?" BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/463894.

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Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in nature and are both beneficial and detrimental to humans. Benefits include being food supplements and producing bioactive compounds, like antimicrobial and anticancer substances, while their detrimental effects are evident by toxin production, causing major ecological problems at the ecosystem level. To date, there are several ways to degrade or transform these toxins by chemical methods, while the biodegradation of these compounds is understudied. In this paper, we present a meta-analysis of the currently available 16S rRNA andmlrA(microcystinase) genes diversi

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Codd, Geoffrey A., James S. Metcalf, Clive J. Ward, Kenneth A. Beattie, Steven G. Bell, Kunimitsu Kaya, and Grace K. Poon. "Analysis of Cyanobacterial Toxins by Physicochemical and Biochemical Methods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 1626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.5.1626.

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Abstract Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) produce a wide range of low molecular weight metabolites that include potent neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, and cytotoxins. The accumulation of such toxins in freshwaters, and in brackish and marine waters presents hazards to human and animal health by a range of exposure routes. A review is presented of developments in the detection and analysis of cyanobacterial toxins, other than bioassays, including application of physicochemical, immunoassays, and enzyme-based methods. Analytical requirements are considered with reference to recently derived guideline

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Le, Kim Thien Nguyen, Eyerusalem Goitom, Hana Trigui, Sébastien Sauvé, Michèle Prévost, and Sarah Dorner. "The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment." Toxins 13, no. 11 (October 23, 2021): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110753.

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Cyanobacterial blooms are a global concern. Chemical coagulants are used in water treatment to remove contaminants from the water column and could potentially be used in lakes and reservoirs. The aims of this study was to: 1) assess the efficiency of ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) coagulant in removing harmful cyanobacterial cells from lake water with cyanobacterial blooms on a short time scale, 2) determine whether some species of cyanobacteria can be selectively removed, and 3) determine the differential impact of coagulants on intra- and extra-cellular toxins. Our main results are: (i) more tha

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Omidi, Azam, Stephan Pflugmacher, Aaron Kaplan, Young Jun Kim, and Maranda Esterhuizen. "Reviewing Interspecies Interactions as a Driving Force Affecting the Community Structure in Lakes via Cyanotoxins." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081583.

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The escalating occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms worldwide is a matter of concern. Global warming and eutrophication play a major role in the regularity of cyanobacterial blooms, which has noticeably shifted towards the predomination of toxic populations. Therefore, understanding the effects of cyanobacterial toxins in aquatic ecosystems and their advantages to the producers are of growing interest. In this paper, the current literature is critically reviewed to provide further insights into the ecological contribution of cyanotoxins in the variation of the lake community diversity and

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Sivonen, Kaarina. "Cyanobacterial toxins and toxin production." Phycologia 35, sup6 (November 1996): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-35-6s-12.1.

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Subbiah, Seenivasan, Adcharee Karnjanapiboonwong, Jonathan D. Maul, Degeng Wang, and Todd A. Anderson. "Monitoring cyanobacterial toxins in a large reservoir: relationships with water quality parameters." PeerJ 7 (July 16, 2019): e7305. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7305.

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Cyanobacteria are widely distributed in fresh, brackish, and ocean water environments, as well as in soil and on moist surfaces. Changes in the population of cyanobacteria can be an important indicator of alterations in water quality. Metabolites produced by blooms of cyanobacteria can be harmful, so cell counts are frequently monitored to assess the potential risk from cyanobacterial toxins. A frequent uncertainty in these types of assessments is the lack of strong relationships between cell count numbers and algal toxin concentrations. In an effort to use ion concentrations and other water q

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Rajabpour, Nooshin, Bahareh Nowruzi, and Maryam Ghobeh. "Investigation of the toxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some cyanobacterial strains isolated from different habitats." Acta Biologica Slovenica 62, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.62.2.15753.

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Cyanobacteria are known as a source of fine chemicals, renewable fuels, and toxic compounds. The present study aimed at evaluating the toxicity and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of four cyanobacterial strains isolated from different habitats. Due to the lack of information regarding the relationship between toxicity and biological activity of the cyanobacteria in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of Iran, we decided to conduct a preliminary study on the cyanobacterial strains in order to identify the potentially toxic cyanobacteria strains. In this respect, biosynthesis genes relat

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Pham, Thanh Luu, Tran Thi Hoang Yen, Tran Thanh Thai, and Ngo Xuan Quang. "Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for detection microcystin producing cyanobacteria." Science and Technology Development Journal 24, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v24i2.2523.

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Introduction: Cyanobacterial blooms (CBs) have become a growing concern worldwide. In the natural environment, potentially toxic (can produce toxins) and non-toxic (can not produce toxins) colonies often co-exist within a bloom. Methods: The present study aimed to quantify toxic and non-toxic cells of cyanobacteria in the Tri An Reservoir (TAR) using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: Results showed that the Microcystis genus dominated the cyanobacterial communities in the TAR. Microcystis was also the primary microcystins (MC) producing cyanobac

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Esposito, Germana, Evgenia Glukhov, William H. Gerwick, Gabriele Medio, Roberta Teta, Massimiliano Lega, and Valeria Costantino. "Lake Avernus Has Turned Red: Bioindicator Monitoring Unveils the Secrets of “Gates of Hades”." Toxins 15, no. 12 (December 13, 2023): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15120698.

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Lake Avernus is a volcanic lake located in southern Italy. Since ancient times, it has inspired numerous myths and legends due to the occurrence of singular phenomena, such as coloring events. Only recently has an explanation been found for them, i.e., the recurring color change over time is due to the alternation of cyanobacterial blooms that are a consequence of natural nutrient inputs as well as pollution resulting from human activities. This current report specifically describes the red coloring event that occurred on Lake Avernus in March 2022, the springtime season in this region of Ital

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Sukenik, Assaf, Claudia Rosin, Ram Porat, Benjamin Teltsch, Roni Banker, and Shmuel Carmeli. "TOXINS FROM CYANOBACTERIA AND THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY OF LAKE KINNERET, ISRAEL." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 46, no. 2 (May 13, 1998): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1998.10676717.

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A number of different species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) produce toxins of several different types. Cyanobacterial Wooms present a serious health concern when they occur in water bodies that supply potable water. Lake Kinneret, the major water source in Israel, was characterized for many years by relatively stable phytoplankton populations which fluctuated with the seasons in a quite predictable manner. An exceptional bloom of the filamentous cyanobacteriumAphanizomenon ovalisporum, which produces hepatotoxin, was observed for the first time in Lake Kinneret during the fall of 1994. C

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Ikehara, Tsuyoshi, Kyoko Kuniyoshi, Haruyo Yamaguchi, Yuuhiko Tanabe, Tomoharu Sano, Masahiro Yoshimoto, Naomasa Oshiro, Shihoko Nakashima, and Mina Yasumoto-Hirose. "First Report of Microcystis Strains Producing MC-FR and -WR Toxins in Japan." Toxins 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090521.

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Microcystins (MCs) are a group of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by Microcystis and several other genera of cyanobacteria. Many structural variants have been characterized using various methods such as liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition assay. The representative MC, MC-LR, and related cyanobacterial toxins strongly inhibit PP2A activity and can therefore be assayed by measuring the extent of PP2A inhibition. However, these methods require reference toxin standards for the qu

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Ballot, Andreas, Thida Swe, Marit Mjelde, Leonardo Cerasino, Vladyslava Hostyeva, and Christopher O. Miles. "Cylindrospermopsin- and Deoxycylindrospermopsin-Producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii and Microcystin-Producing Microcystis spp. in Meiktila Lake, Myanmar." Toxins 12, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040232.

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Meiktila Lake is a shallow reservoir located close to Meiktila city in central Myanmar. Its water is used for irrigation, domestic purposes and drinking water. No detailed study of the presence of cyanobacteria and their potential toxin production has been conducted so far. To ascertain the cyanobacterial composition and presence of cyanobacterial toxins in Meiktila Lake, water samples were collected in March and November 2017 and investigated for physico-chemical and biological parameters. Phytoplankton composition and biomass determination revealed that most of the samples were dominated by

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Ballot, Andreas, Morten Sandvik, Thomas Rundberget, Christo J. Botha, and Christopher O. Miles. "Diversity of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 2 (2014): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13153.

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The South African Hartbeespoort Dam is known for the occurrence of heavy Microcystis blooms. Although a few other cyanobacterial genera have been described, no detailed study on those cyanobacteria and their potential toxin production has been conducted. The diversity of cyanobacterial species and toxins is most probably underestimated. To ascertain the cyanobacterial composition and presence of cyanobacterial toxins in Hartbeespoort Dam, water samples were collected in April 2011. In a polyphasic approach, 27 isolated cyanobacterial strains were classified morphologically and phylogenetically

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Perri, Katherine A., Brent J. Bellinger, Matt P. Ashworth, and Schonna R. Manning. "Environmental Factors Impacting the Development of Toxic Cyanobacterial Proliferations in a Central Texas Reservoir." Toxins 16, no. 2 (February 6, 2024): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020091.

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Cyanobacterial harmful algal proliferations (cyanoHAPs) are increasingly associated with dog and livestock deaths when benthic mats break free of their substrate and float to the surface. Fatalities have been linked to neurotoxicosis from anatoxins, potent alkaloids produced by certain genera of filamentous cyanobacteria. After numerous reports of dog illnesses and deaths at a popular recreation site on Lady Bird Lake, Austin, Texas in late summer 2019, water and floating mat samples were collected from several sites along the reservoir. Water quality parameters were measured and mat samples w

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Dao, Thanh-Son, Jorge Nimptsch, and Claudia Wiegand. "Dynamics of cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial toxins and their correlation with environmental parameters in Tri An Reservoir, Vietnam." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 4 (March 11, 2016): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.257.

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This study evaluates the water quality from Tri An Reservoir, a drinking water supply for several million people in southern Vietnam, in terms of cyanobacterial biomass and their potent toxins, microcystins (MCs). Cyanobacteria, their toxins and environmental parameters were monitored monthly for 1 year (April 2008–March 2009) at six stations covering a transect through the reservoir. Dynamics of cyanobacterial abundance in relation to cyanobacterial biomass, toxins and environmental factors were investigated. Environmental variables from Tri An Reservoir favored algal and cyanobacterial devel

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Andeden, Enver Ersoy, Sahlan Ozturk, and Belma Aslim. "Antiproliferative, neurotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of toxic cyanobacterial extracts." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2018-0026.

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Abstract Cyanobacteria are the rich resource of various secondary metabolites including toxins with broad pharmaceutical significance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antiproliferative, neurotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effects of cyanobacterial extracts containing Microcystin-LR (MCLR) in vitro. ELISA analysis results showed that MCLR contents of five cyanobacterial extracts were 2.07 ng/mL, 1.43 ng/mL, 1.41 ng/mL, 1.27 ng/mL, and 1.12 ng/mL for Leptolyngbya sp. SB1, Phormidium sp. SB4, Oscillatoria earlei SB5, Phormidium sp. SB2, Uncultured cyanobacterium, respectively. Phormidium

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Everson, Sally, Larelle Fabbro, Susan Kinnear, Geoff Eaglesham, and Paul Wright. "Distribution of the cyanobacterial toxins cylindrospermopsin and deoxycylindrospermopsin in a stratified lake in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 1 (2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08115.

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This paper describes the vertical water column distribution of the cyanobacterial toxins cylindrospermopsin and deoxycylindrospermopsin in a water body containing the cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon ovalisporum and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. The study site was Cobaki Village Lake, a small stratified anthropogenic lake in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Water quality analysis indicated that stratification and oxygenation of the water column were significant in both the distribution of the cyanobacterial populations and their associated toxin concentrations. Toxin was distributed thro

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Srivastava, Ankita, Chi-Yong Ahn, Ravi Kumar Asthana, Hyung-Gwan Lee, and Hee-Mock Oh. "Status, Alert System, and Prediction of Cyanobacterial Bloom in South Korea." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/584696.

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Bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterial genera pose a major ecological problem due to their ability to produce toxins and other bioactive compounds, which can have important implications in illnesses of humans and livestock. Cyanobacteria such asMicrocystis, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, andAphanizomenonspecies producing microcystins and anatoxin-a have been predominantly documented from most South Korean lakes and reservoirs. With the increase in frequency of such blooms, various monitoring approaches, treatment processes, and prediction models have been developed in due course. In this

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Aráoz, Rómulo, Jordi Molgó, and Nicole Tandeau de Marsac. "Neurotoxic cyanobacterial toxins." Toxicon 56, no. 5 (October 2010): 813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.036.

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Khomutovska, Nataliia, Małgorzata Sandzewicz, Łukasz Łach, Małgorzata Suska-Malawska, Monika Chmielewska, Hanna Mazur-Marzec, Marta Cegłowska, et al. "Limited Microcystin, Anatoxin and Cylindrospermopsin Production by Cyanobacteria from Microbial Mats in Cold Deserts." Toxins 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040244.

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Toxic metabolites are produced by many cyanobacterial species. There are limited data on toxigenic benthic, mat-forming cyanobacteria, and information on toxic cyanobacteria from Central Asia is even more scarce. In the present study, we examined cyanobacterial diversity and community structure, the presence of genes involved in toxin production and the occurrence of cyanotoxins in cyanobacterial mats from small water bodies in a cold high-mountain desert of Eastern Pamir. Diversity was explored using amplicon-based sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, toxin potential us

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Shaw, G., and P. K. S. Lam. "Health aspects of freshwater cyanobacterial toxins." Water Supply 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.054.

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Cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) toxins are known to cause poisoning in humans, livestock and wild animals. Based on their toxic mechanisms, cyanobacterial toxins are generally categorized as neurotoxins, hepatotoxins or cytotoxins. The acute oral toxicities of these toxins vary substantially, with the saxitoxins being the most toxic having an LD50 of 60 μg/kg. By comparison, the acute oral LD50 for microcystin LR (the most toxic congener) and cylindrospermopsin are approximately 5,000 to 10,000 μg/kg and 6,000 μg/kg over 5 days, respectively. There are well known adverse health issues of cya

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Moradinejad, Saber, Hana Trigui, Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado, Jesse Shapiro, Yves Terrat, Arash Zamyadi, Sarah Dorner, and Michèle Prévost. "Diversity Assessment of Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms during Oxidation." Toxins 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110728.

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Fresh-water sources of drinking water are experiencing toxic cyanobacterial blooms more frequently. Chemical oxidation is a common approach to treat cyanobacteria and their toxins. This study systematically investigates the bacterial/cyanobacterial community following chemical oxidation (Cl2, KMnO4, O3, H2O2) using high throughput sequencing. Raw water results from high throughput sequencing show that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla. Dolichospermum, Synechococcus, Microcystis and Nostoc were the most dominant genera. In terms of spec

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BITTENCOURT-OLIVEIRA, MARIA DO CARMO, VIVIANE PICCIN-SANTOS, ARIADNE N. MOURA, NÍSIA K. C. ARAGÃO-TAVARES, and MICHELINE K. CORDEIRO-ARAÚJO. "Cyanobacteria, microcystins and cylindrospermopsin in public drinking supply reservoirs of Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 1 (March 2014): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201302512.

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Brazil has a history of blooms and contamination of freshwater systems by cyanobacterial toxins. The monitoring relevance of toxins from cyanobacteria in reservoirs for public supply is notorious given its high toxicity to mammals, included humans beings. The most recurrent toxins in Brazilian water bodies are microcystins (MC). However, the recent record of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in northeastern Brazil, Pernambuco state, alerts us to the possibility that this could be escalating. This study reports occurrence of MC and CYN, quantified with ELISA, in 10 reservoirs, devoted to public drinking

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Miller, M. J., and H. J. Fallowfield. "Degradation of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins in batch experiments." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 12 (June 1, 2001): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0745.

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Bank filtration offers a cost effective and low maintenance technique for the removal of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins from drinking water. For bank filtration to be effective, the toxins must be degraded. The broad aim of this research was to determine whether the hepatotoxins, nodularin and microcystin-LR, could be completely removed from the soil/water matrix of three soils by microbial degradation. The results indicated that complete toxin removal was possible within 10-16 d in 2/3 soils that were incubated in the dark at 20°C. The soils with the highest organic carbon content (2.9%) and the

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Mantzouki, Evanthia, Miquel Lürling, Jutta Fastner, Lisette De Senerpont Domis, Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak, Judita Koreivienė, Laura Seelen, et al. "Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins." Toxins 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10040156.

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Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and tempe

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Thawabteh, Amin Mahmood, Hani A. Naseef, Donia Karaman, Sabino A. Bufo, Laura Scrano, and Rafik Karaman. "Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water." Toxins 15, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090582.

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Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, may be prevalent in our rivers and tap water. These minuscule bacteria can grow swiftly and form blooms in warm, nutrient-rich water. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria can pollute rivers and streams and harm the liver and nervous system in humans. This review highlights the properties of 25 toxin types produced by 12 different cyanobacteria genera. The review also covered strategies for reducing and controlling cyanobacteria issues. These include using physical or chemical treatments, cutting back on fertilizer input, algal lawn scrubbers, and antagonistic mi

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Barney, Rachael E., Guohong Huang, Torrey L. Gallagher, Maeve Tischbein, John DeWitt, Rachel Martindale, Ethan M. P. LaRochelle, Gregory J. Tsongalis, and Elijah W. Stommel. "Validation of a Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) Assay to Detect Cyanobacterial 16S rDNA in Human Lung Tissue." Toxics 11, no. 6 (June 14, 2023): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11060531.

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Cyanobacteria produce a variety of secondary metabolites, including toxins that may contribute to the development of disease. Previous work was able to detect the presence of a cyanobacterial marker in human nasal and broncoalveolar lavage samples; however, it was not able to determine the quantification of the marker. To further research the relationship between cyanobacteria and human health, we validated a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to simultaneously detect the cyanobacterial 16S marker and a human housekeeping gene in human lung tissue samples. The ability to d

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Berg, Katri A., Christina Lyra, R. Maarit Niemi, Benoit Heens, Kalle Hoppu, Kirsti Erkomaa, Kaarina Sivonen, and Jarkko Rapala. "Virulence genes of Aeromonas isolates, bacterial endotoxins and cyanobacterial toxins from recreational water samples associated with human health symptoms." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 4 (June 22, 2011): 670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.206.

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Exposure to cyanobacterial water blooms has been associated with various kinds of adverse health effects. In addition to cyanobacteria and their toxins, the bacteria associated with cyanobacteria could also be the etiological agents. We isolated Aeromonas strains (n = 176) from water samples (n = 38) taken from sites where cyanobacteria were suspected to have caused human health symptoms, of which fever and gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common. The isolates were screened by PCR for six virulence gene types (12 genes). The majority (90%) of the strains contained at least one of the vi

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Florczyk, Maciej, Alicja Łakomiak, Maciej Woźny, and Paweł Brzuzan. "Neurotoxicity of cyanobacterial toxins." Environmental Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (2014): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14799/ebms246.

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Mash, Deborah C. "CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS IN NEURODEGENERATION." CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology 14 (October 2008): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.con.0000337997.85667.1f.

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MOORE, R. E., I. OHTANI, B. S. MOORE, C. B. DE KONING, W. Y. YOSHIDA, M. T. C. RUNNEGAR, and W. W. CARMICHAEL. "ChemInform Abstract: Cyanobacterial Toxins." ChemInform 24, no. 46 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199346241.

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Matuszak, Piotr, Grzegorz Grodzicki, Tomasz Jankowski, and Paweł Matlakiewicz. "Biomonitoring of Inland and Inshore Waters with Use of Dreissena Polymorpha Mussels." Polish Hyperbaric Research 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phr-2015-0016.

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Abstract The pollution of water that is used for consumption and in agricultural holdings contributes to an increased mortality rate, inhibition of growth and physiological functions, changes in the DNA (genotoxicity), changes within tissues (cytotoxicity) and organs of individuals who are exposed to chemical components. One of the most dangerous toxin classes which have effect on animals and humans who come into contact with contaminated water is the class of cyanobacterial toxins released by dying cyanobacteria. They contribute to very serious health conditions and also to fatalities. Toxins

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Garamszegi, Susanna P., Daniel J. Brzostowicki, Thomas M. Coyne, Regina T. Vontell, and David A. Davis. "TDP-43 and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in the Brain of a Harbor Porpoise Exposed to the Cyanobacterial Toxin BMAA." Toxins 16, no. 1 (January 12, 2024): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16010042.

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Cetaceans are well-regarded as sentinels for toxin exposure. Emerging studies suggest that cetaceans can also develop neuropathological changes associated with neurodegenerative disease. The occurrence of neuropathology makes cetaceans an ideal species for examining the impact of marine toxins on the brain across the lifespan. Here, we describe TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathological changes in a beached harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) that was exposed to a toxin produced by cyanobacteria called β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). We f

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Rajkonwar, Jadab, Ajitabh Bora, Pichili Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, and Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi. "Occurrence of Toxigenic Microcystis spp in Major Water Bodies of North East India." Defence Life Science Journal 5, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.5.15596.

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Toxigenic cyanobacterial blooms in the water bodies represent a major ecological problem around the world. Some species produces a diverse range of toxins that have hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, cytotoxic and dermatoxic activity and hence have deleterious effect on humans, animals and fishes leading to death as well. Cultural eutrophication of water bodies leads to increased incidence of these harmful cyanobacterial blooms worldwide. North-East India being a biodiversity hotspot harbor many species of cyanobacteria. Few reports suggested presence of few toxigenic cyanobacteria in the water bodies o

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Larsen, Megan L., Helen M. Baulch, Sherry L. Schiff, Dana F. Simon, Sébastien Sauvé, and Jason J. Venkiteswaran. "Extreme rainfall drives early onset cyanobacterial bloom." FACETS 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 899–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0022.

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The increasing prevalence of cyanobacteria-dominated harmful algal blooms is strongly associated with nutrient loading and changing climatic patterns. Changes to precipitation frequency and intensity, as predicted by current climate models, are likely to affect bloom development and composition through changes in nutrient fluxes and water column mixing. However, few studies have directly documented the effects of extreme precipitation events on cyanobacterial composition, biomass, and toxin production. We tracked changes in a eutrophic reservoir following an extreme precipitation event, descri

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Nugumanova, Galina, Eugene D. Ponomarev, Sholpan Askarova, Elizaveta Fasler-Kan, and Natasha S. Barteneva. "Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases." Toxins 15, no. 3 (March 21, 2023): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030233.

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Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of structurally diverse cyanotoxins and bioactive cyanopeptides in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. The health significance of these metabolites, which include genotoxic- and neurotoxic agents, is confirmed by continued associations between the occurrence of animal and human acute toxic events and, in the long term, by associations between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative diseases. Major mechanisms related to the neurotoxicity of cyanobacteria compounds include (1) blocking of key proteins and channels; (2) inhibition of essential enzymes in

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Pomati, Francesco, Carlo Rossetti, Gianluca Manarolla, Brendan P. Burns, and Brett A. Neilan. "Interactions between intracellular Na+ levels and saxitoxin production in Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3." Microbiology 150, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26350-0.

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Saxitoxin (STX) is the most potent representative among the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, which are highly selective Na+ channel-blocking alkaloids. This study investigated, in cultures of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3, the effects of pH, salt, amiloride and lidocaine hydrochloride on total cellular levels of Na+ and K+ ions and STX accumulation. Both Na+ levels and intracellular STX concentrations increased exponentially in response to rising alkalinity. NaCl inhibited cyanobacterial growth at a concentration of 10 mM. In comparison with osmotically stress

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Kleinteich, J., F. Hildebrand, S. A. Wood, S. Ciŕs, R. Agha, A. Quesada, D. A. Pearce, P. Convey, F. C. K̈pper, and D. R. Dietrich. "Diversity of toxin and non-toxin containing cyanobacterial mats of meltwater ponds on the Antarctic Peninsula: a pyrosequencing approach." Antarctic Science 26, no. 5 (May 14, 2014): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000145.

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AbstractDespite their pivotal role as primary producers, there is little information as to the diversity and physiology of cyanobacteria in the meltwater ecosystems of polar regions. Thirty cyanobacterial mats from Adelaide Island, Antarctica were investigated using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, and screened for cyanobacterial toxins using molecular and chemical approaches. A total of 274 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected. The richness ranged between 8 and 33 cyanobacterial OTUs per sample, reflecting a high mat diversity. Lepto

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Thuduhena, Anjana Chamilka. "The HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS AND DEVELOPED CYANOPHAGES AS A BIOLOGICAL SOLUTION." Bacterial Empire 2, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/be.2019.2.1.6-9.

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Abstract  Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal blooms (CHABs) cause devastating impacts to fisheries, tourism, public health and ecosystem around the world, and have increased in frequency. Cyanobacterial blooms occur in fresh water and marine environments, producing a variety of toxins, and poisoning risks to humans and animals. Chemicals can be used to kill cyanobacteria. Unfortunately, many of these chemicals are toxic to other forms of life, including fish and organisms they eat. The use of chemicals in natural lakes could create more problems than they solve, is not permitted. Cyanoph

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Metcalf, James S., Maeve Tischbein, Paul Alan Cox, and Elijah W. Stommel. "Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System." Toxins 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090660.

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Cyanobacteria are capable of producing a wide range of bioactive compounds with many considered to be toxins. Although there are a number of toxicological outcomes with respect to cyanobacterial exposure, this review aims to examine those which affect the central nervous system (CNS) or have neurotoxicological properties. Such exposures can be acute or chronic, and we detail issues concerning CNS entry, detection and remediation. Exposure can occur through a variety of media but, increasingly, exposure through air via inhalation may have greater significance and requires further investigation.

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Young, Ian, J. Johanna Sanchez, Fatih Sekerciouglu, Binyam N. Desta, Claire Holeton, Dylan Lyng, Victoria Peczulis, Shane Renwick, Teresa Brooks, and Jordan Tustin. "Burden of recreational water illness due to exposure to cyanobacteria and their toxins in freshwater beaches in Canada: protocol of a prospective cohort study." BMJ Open 14, no. 6 (June 2024): e085406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085406.

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IntroductionCyanobacterial blooms are increasingly common in freshwater sources used for swimming and other recreational water contact activities in Canada. Many species of cyanobacteria can produce toxins that affect human and animal health, but there are limited data on the risk of illness associated with water contact at impacted beaches.Methods and analysisThis study will investigate the incidence of recreational water illness due to exposure to cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins in four targeted and popular freshwater beaches in Ontario, Manitoba and Nova Scotia, Canada. A prospective

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Rhoades, Jonathan, Stamatia Fotiadou, Georgia Paschalidou, Theodoti Papadimitriou, Avelino Álvarez Ordóñez, Konstantinos Kormas, Elisabeth Vardaka, and Eleni Likotrafiti. "Microbiota and Cyanotoxin Content of Retail Spirulina Supplements and Spirulina Supplemented Foods." Microorganisms 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2023): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051175.

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Cyanobacterial biomass such as spirulina (Arthrospira spp.) is widely available as a food supplement and can also be added to foods as a nutritionally beneficial ingredient. Spirulina is often produced in open ponds, which are vulnerable to contamination by various microorganisms, including some toxin-producing cyanobacteria. This study examined the microbial population of commercially available spirulina products including for the presence of cyanobacterial toxins. Five products (two supplements, three foods) were examined. The microbial populations were determined by culture methods, followe

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Spoof, Lisa, Sauli Jaakkola, Tamara Važić, Kerstin Häggqvist, Terhi Kirkkala, Anne-Mari Ventelä, Teija Kirkkala, Zorica Svirčev, and Jussi Meriluoto. "Elimination of cyanobacteria and microcystins in irrigation water—effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 8 (January 6, 2020): 8638–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07476-x.

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AbstractCyanobacterial blooms pose a risk to wild and domestic animals as well as humans due to the toxins they may produce. Humans may be subjected to cyanobacterial toxins through many routes, e.g., by consuming contaminated drinking water, fish, and crop plants or through recreational activities. In earlier studies, cyanobacterial cells have been shown to accumulate on leafy plants after spray irrigation with cyanobacteria-containing water, and microcystin (MC) has been detected in the plant root system after irrigation with MC-containing water. This paper reports a series of experiments wh

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Vilar, Mauro C. P., Thiago F. C. P. Rodrigues, Luan O. Silva, Ana Beatriz F. Pacheco, Aloysio S. Ferrão-Filho, and Sandra M. F. O. Azevedo. "Ecophysiological Aspects and sxt Genes Expression Underlying Induced Chemical Defense in STX-Producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) against the Zooplankter Daphnia gessneri." Toxins 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060406.

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Cyanobacteria stand out among phytoplankton when they form massive blooms and produce toxins. Because cyanotoxin genes date to the origin of metazoans, the hypothesis that cyanotoxins function as a defense against herbivory is still debated. Although their primary cellular function might vary, these metabolites could have evolved as an anti-predator response. Here we evaluated the physiological and molecular responses of a saxitoxin-producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii to infochemicals released by the grazer Daphnia gessneri. Induced chemical defenses were evidenced in R. raciborskii as a signif

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Wilk-Woźniak, Elżbieta. "An introduction to the 'micronet' of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs): cyanobacteria, zooplankton and microorganisms: a review." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 5 (2020): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18378.

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Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are known all around the world. Climate change (temperature increase) and human activity (eutrophication) are factors that promote the proliferation of cyanobacteria, leading to the development of blooms and the release of toxins. Abiotic and biotic factors are responsible for the development of blooms and how long they last. Although the abiotic factors controlling blooms are well known, knowledge of biotic factors and their interactions is still lacking. This paper reviews five levels of biotic interactions, namely cyanobacteria–zooplankton, cyanobacteria–

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