Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cyanuration (Or et argent)'
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Egan, Jessica. "Effet de la granulométrie sur la cyanuration de l'or." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25019/25019.pdf.
Full textBellec, Steve, and Steve Bellec. "Simulation et optimisation des rhéogrammes d'usines d'extraction de l'or par cyanuration." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23881.
Full textL’or, en raison de sa rareté et de ses nombreuses applications, est l’un des métaux les plus convoités. Il est principalement recherché pour sa valeur monétaire élevée qui a d’autant plus subi une hausse importante au cours des dernières années. Cette hausse de la valeur de l’or a grandement contribué à modifier le visage des nouveaux projets aurifères mis de l’avant en permettant à plusieurs compagnies d’exploiter des gisements à faibles teneurs ou contenant des minerais difficiles à traiter. Une chute drastique du prix de l’or aurait un impact important sur la rentabilité de ces nouveaux projets. L’une des façons de minimiser ce risque est de cibler une optimisation économique des circuits de cyanuration. Ce projet propose d’optimiser les circuits de cyanuration de l’or par simulation en basant son raisonnement sur la caractérisation de l’accessibilité des surfaces d’or. Pour ce faire, on caractérise cette accessibilité et on exploite ensuite l’information obtenue pour modéliser les différentes étapes d’un circuit conventionnel d’extraction de l’or par cyanuration. Lors de l’étape de broyage, les particules aurifères sont fragmentées pour libérer les surfaces d’or. Étant donné la grande différence de densité entre l’or et la gangue, cette libération a un impact considérable sur la classification gravimétrique des particules. Finalement, lors de l’étape de lixiviation, l’accessibilité des surfaces facilite l’attaque de l’or par le cyanure en présence d’oxygène et joue un rôle primordial sur l’optimisation du circuit. Pour créer des modèles représentatifs, il est essentiel d’avoir en main des données cohérentes et justes. Sans une bonne qualité de données, la calibration et même l’identification de la structure d’un modèle peuvent être faussées. Dans le cas des minerais aurifères, la nature intrinsèque du minerai et les difficultés associées à l’analyse des concentrations en or dans les phases liquides et solides peuvent entraîner des mesures non représentatives de la population globale à caractériser. La première étape de ce projet de recherche consiste donc à explorer l’application de la réconciliation de données aux procédés d’extraction de l’or. Ceci permet de rendre cohérentes les données issues de campagnes industrielles d’échantillonnage et de créer des modèles représentatifs de fragmentation, de classification et de lixiviation. La vitesse de cyanuration est fortement dépendante du degré de libération de l’or et par conséquent de la taille des particules aurifères. Il est donc important d’identifier dans quelle classe granulométrique se trouvent les grains d’or dans le minerai. Le premier modèle proposé dans ce projet permet de caractériser la distribution de l’or dans les différentes classes granulométriques ainsi que son accessibilité. Ceci est effectué en combinant un modèle de libération cubique et un modèle de broyage qui fait intervenir des fonctions de broyage et de sélection différentes pour les particules porteuses d’or et celles de gangue. Le modèle proposé est calibré et validé sur une série d’essais de broyage effectués en laboratoire. La classification gravimétrique influence différemment le partage des particules mixtes, d’or libre et de gangue entre la surverse et la sousverse d’hydrocyclones. Étant donné que les particules mixtes et d’or libre ont des degrés d’accessibilité différents et, par conséquent, des cinétiques de lixiviation différentes, la classification influence la performance des circuits de cyanuration positionnés en aval d’hydrocyclones. On propose donc de coupler le degré d’accessibilité, obtenu par le modèle de broyage, au modèle de Plitt à l’aide de la densité des particules. En bref, selon que l’or est totalement libéré ou attaché à une particule de minerai, son comportement en classification est différent puisqu’il est influencé par la densité de la particule. Le modèle développé est ensuite appliqué à des données industrielles. Pour ce faire, il est cependant nécessaire de faire intervenir un second modèle puisqu’une cyanuration a lieu à l’intérieur des broyeurs de ce circuit. Un modèle simplifié permettant de caractériser la lixiviation de l’or simultanément à la fragmentation du minerai est donc proposé. L’information relative au degré d’exposition des surfaces d’or alimente un modèle phénoménologique de cyanuration. Le modèle intègre les concepts d’exposition et de diffusion tout en tenant compte de la stœchiométrie de la réaction de dissolution de l’or et de la consommation du cyanure par les cyanicides. Des essais en laboratoire sont utilisés pour confirmer la prédominance de la réaction diffusionnelle dans le processus de cyanuration industriel. Ces essais sont également utilisés pour calibrer et valider le modèle proposé. L’ensemble des modèles développés est regroupé dans un simulateur d’usine couplant l’accessibilité des surfaces d’or à sa dissolution. À cette fin, les modèles développés pour des conditions discontinues sont adaptés à une application continue. Finalement, le simulateur est utilisé pour étudier différents scénarios d’optimisation économique de circuits de cyanuration. Les modèles développés et les résultats obtenus sont encourageants et permettent de jeter les bases d’une approche reliant l’accessibilité des surfaces au broyage, à la classification gravimétrique et à la cyanuration de l’or.
Gold, because of its rarity and its various applications is one of the most coveted metals. It is mainly known for its high value that has significantly increased recently. This increase in the value of gold contributed to change the face of new gold projects by allowing companies to exploit low grade deposits or difficult ore to process. A drastic fall in the price of gold would have a significant impact on the profitability of these new projects. One way to minimize this risk is to focus on economic optimization of cyanidation circuits. This project proposes to optimize gold cyanidation circuits with simulation based on the characterization of gold surfaces accessibility. To do so, gold accessibility is characterized. The information is then use to model the different stages of a conventional cyanidation gold extraction circuit. During the grinding step, the gold particles are broken to liberate gold surfaces. Given the high density difference between gold and the non-value minerals, liberation has a significant impact on the gravimetric classification. Finally, during leaching, the accessibility of surfaces facilitates the attack of gold by cyanide in presence of oxygen. This latest link is used to optimize leaching circuits. To create representative models, it is essential to have consistent data. With poor data quality, calibration, and even model structure may be distorted. In the case of gold ores, the intrinsic nature of the ore and the difficulties associated with gold concentration measurements in the liquid and solid phases can lead to non-representative data sets of the ore to characterize. Therefore, the first step of this research project is to explore the data reconciliation application to gold extraction processes measurements. This corrects data from industrial sampling campaigns and allows creating representative models of fragmentation, classification and leaching. Cyanidation kinetic is highly dependent of the degree of gold liberation and consequently is dependant on ore particle size. It is therefore important to identify in which ore size class the gold grains are. The first model proposed in this project characterizes the distribution of gold in different size classes as well as its accessibility. This is done by combining a cubic liberation model and a grinding model that uses different breakage and selection functions for mixed and non-value particles. The proposed model is calibrated and validated on a series of laboratory grinding tests. The gravimetric classification influences differently mixed particles, free gold and free non-value particles partition to the overflow and underflow of hydrocyclones. Liberated gold grains and gold attached to mixed particle have different classification behavior because they are influenced by the density of the particle. Furthermore, mixed particles and liberated gold grains have different degrees of accessibility and different leaching kinetics. Consequently, classification as an influence on cyanidation circuits performances positioned downstream of hydrocyclones. It is therefore proposed to link the information on the degree of gold accessibility obtained by the grinding model to Plitt’s classification model by using particle density. The model is then applied to industrial data. To do so, it is however necessary to introduce a second model since cyanidation takes place inside the mills of this grinding circuit. A simplified model for characterizing the gold leaching simultaneously with the fragmentation of the ore is proposed. Information on the exposure of gold surfaces feed a phenomenological model of cyanidation. The model incorporates the concepts of exposure and diffusion while taking into account the stoichiometry of gold dissolution reaction and cyanide consumption by cyanicides. Laboratory tests are used to confirm that the reaction rate is limited by diffusion in the industrial cyanidation process. These tests are also used to calibrate and validate the proposed model. All the models developed are grouped in a simulator combining the degree of gold surface accessibility to gold dissolution. To this end, the models developed for batch conditions are adapted for continuous application. Finally, the simulator is used to study different scenarios of cyanidation circuit economic optimization. The models developed and the results obtained lay the foundations to integrate liberation to grinding, gravity classification and cyanidation of gold.
Gold, because of its rarity and its various applications is one of the most coveted metals. It is mainly known for its high value that has significantly increased recently. This increase in the value of gold contributed to change the face of new gold projects by allowing companies to exploit low grade deposits or difficult ore to process. A drastic fall in the price of gold would have a significant impact on the profitability of these new projects. One way to minimize this risk is to focus on economic optimization of cyanidation circuits. This project proposes to optimize gold cyanidation circuits with simulation based on the characterization of gold surfaces accessibility. To do so, gold accessibility is characterized. The information is then use to model the different stages of a conventional cyanidation gold extraction circuit. During the grinding step, the gold particles are broken to liberate gold surfaces. Given the high density difference between gold and the non-value minerals, liberation has a significant impact on the gravimetric classification. Finally, during leaching, the accessibility of surfaces facilitates the attack of gold by cyanide in presence of oxygen. This latest link is used to optimize leaching circuits. To create representative models, it is essential to have consistent data. With poor data quality, calibration, and even model structure may be distorted. In the case of gold ores, the intrinsic nature of the ore and the difficulties associated with gold concentration measurements in the liquid and solid phases can lead to non-representative data sets of the ore to characterize. Therefore, the first step of this research project is to explore the data reconciliation application to gold extraction processes measurements. This corrects data from industrial sampling campaigns and allows creating representative models of fragmentation, classification and leaching. Cyanidation kinetic is highly dependent of the degree of gold liberation and consequently is dependant on ore particle size. It is therefore important to identify in which ore size class the gold grains are. The first model proposed in this project characterizes the distribution of gold in different size classes as well as its accessibility. This is done by combining a cubic liberation model and a grinding model that uses different breakage and selection functions for mixed and non-value particles. The proposed model is calibrated and validated on a series of laboratory grinding tests. The gravimetric classification influences differently mixed particles, free gold and free non-value particles partition to the overflow and underflow of hydrocyclones. Liberated gold grains and gold attached to mixed particle have different classification behavior because they are influenced by the density of the particle. Furthermore, mixed particles and liberated gold grains have different degrees of accessibility and different leaching kinetics. Consequently, classification as an influence on cyanidation circuits performances positioned downstream of hydrocyclones. It is therefore proposed to link the information on the degree of gold accessibility obtained by the grinding model to Plitt’s classification model by using particle density. The model is then applied to industrial data. To do so, it is however necessary to introduce a second model since cyanidation takes place inside the mills of this grinding circuit. A simplified model for characterizing the gold leaching simultaneously with the fragmentation of the ore is proposed. Information on the exposure of gold surfaces feed a phenomenological model of cyanidation. The model incorporates the concepts of exposure and diffusion while taking into account the stoichiometry of gold dissolution reaction and cyanide consumption by cyanicides. Laboratory tests are used to confirm that the reaction rate is limited by diffusion in the industrial cyanidation process. These tests are also used to calibrate and validate the proposed model. All the models developed are grouped in a simulator combining the degree of gold surface accessibility to gold dissolution. To this end, the models developed for batch conditions are adapted for continuous application. Finally, the simulator is used to study different scenarios of cyanidation circuit economic optimization. The models developed and the results obtained lay the foundations to integrate liberation to grinding, gravity classification and cyanidation of gold.
Khalid, Muhammad. "Gold cyanidation : gold associated with silver minerals embedded within base-metal sulphide matrices." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27893.
Full textNumerous non-idealities in gold processing are becoming increasingly significant with the depletion of free-milling oxide ores around the globe. Gold is mostly found in nature in metallic form and is associated with silver minerals and bae-metal sulphides. In the present thesis work, the role of silver minerals on gold cyanidation with base-metal sulphides was elucidated in detail on the relative importance of galvanic interactions and passivation phenomena. As the permanent galvanic contacts, inherently present within the ore grains, are hard to achieve between gold rotating disk electrode and slurried base-metal sulphide-rich ores, a packed-bed reactor (PBR) strategy was thus adopted to single out and quantify the virtual contributions of galvanic interaction and passivation effect on the gold and silver leaching rates during gold cyanidation with silver minerals and base-metal sulphides. The mixtures of gold, silver-minerals and sulphides were filled in the PBR to ensure the permanent particle-particle micro-electrical contacts among all ore constituents. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and stibnite were the sulphidic minerals investigated in the present gold-silver cyanidation study. Metallic silver (Ag), acanthite (Ag₂S) and pyrargyrite (Ag₃SbS₃), were the silver-minerals taken into account. Galvanic interactions were found to alleviate the leaching of gold and silver to various extents, for gold and silver minerals associated with pyrite and sphalerite, both under galvanic and passivation impact from the sulphide minerals. Silver minerals were found retarding to the gold leaching for chalcopyrite and stibnite minerals. Strategies were investigated to enhance the gold leaching kinetics in the presence of silver minerals and base-metal sulphides. Lead containing cyanide solution enhanced gold recovery and was found to neutralize significantly the negative effect of sulphidic minerals, particularly for chalcopyrite. Moreover, lead addition enhanced gold leaching kinetics significantly for gold and silver minerals associated with pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Pre-treatment with alkaline lead acetate tested on sulphide associated mixtures of gold and silver minerals affirmed enhanced gold recovery in case of pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite minerals. Stibnite found severely retarding towards gold dissolution with silver minerals. Surface obstructing films were observed on gold particles for gold cyanidation with silver minerals and base-metal sulphides in case of chalcopyrite and stibnite.
Hallab, Soufiane. "Utilisation des sous-modèles comme filtres utilisés pour la commande et l'optimisation d'un atelier de lixiviation de l'or." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27522/27522.pdf.
Full textBas, Ahmet Deniz. "Electrochemical dissolution and passivation phenomena of gold cyanidation from roasted ore in the presence of iron oxides." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27682.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis is divided into studies using pure gold; galvanic corrosion; and gold polarization in presence of iron oxides of roasted gold ore. Gold dissolution decreases in the presence of magnetite, and increases in the presence of hematite, and maghemite. The corrosion products and adsorbed layers lead to a slowdown of gold dissolution. For pure gold study, increasing pH from 10 to 11 results in a current density lower by 35 times, while it increases by 32 times with decreasing agitation from 100 to 60 rpm. At three anodic potentials, potentiostatic studies show that increasing cyanide concentration, pH, and potential decrease the current density. Au oxides have been identified by XPS. Electrochemical noise measurement is promising tool with its in-situ corrosion rate estimation. In galvanic corrosion studies, employing zero-resistance ammeter (ZRA) mode, the tested mineral electrodes show a negative effect on gold leaching in decreasing order: magnetite, magnetite-hematite with equal surfaces, and roasted gold ore. However, maghemite and hematite show a positive effect. Concentration of soluble ions and diffusion rate could retard or promote gold dissolution. Silver has been identified by XPS on gold surface suggesting partial passivation. In potentiodynamic polarization studies, hematite, as a part of the combined “Au-hematite anode” system promotes anodic corrosion current by 12%, while magnetite shows negative effect (11%). Two separate container tests have been considered to examine the influence of soluble ions on gold dissolution. Scanning from open circuit potential to more cathodic values in presence of atmospheric oxygen and cyanide shows corrosion rates obtained from Tafel slopes close to industrial practice. Gold leach rate decreases by 40% with magnetite slurry, whereas it increased by 25% and 10% for hematite and maghemite, respectively. SEM-EDS findings have confirmed the negative effect of magnetite due to the high accumulation of iron oxides on the gold surface. Low amounts of gold in magnetite particles are identified by XPS. Magnetic separation of leach tailings has been followed by electrochemical characterisation of the concentrate and the residues.
Azizi, Abdelaaziz. "GOLD CYANIDATION REVISITED – KINETIC & ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF GOLD – SULFIDIC ORE MIXED/MULTILAYER FIXED BEDS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28270/28270.pdf.
Full textTo elucidate the role of sulfide ores on gold cyanidation, a detailed study on the relative importance of passivation phenomena (PP) and galvanic interactions (GI) was carried out in the present thesis work. A Rotating Disc Electrode (RDE) Au/Ag disc immersed successively in slurries of a wide range of sulfide rich ores emphasized the negative impact of sulfide minerals on the gold leaching rate. Because permanent GI between gold RDE and slurried sulfide-rich ores are uneasy to achieve, the standard gold RDE/slurry cyanidation arrangement has a tendency to inflate overly the importance of PP over the corrective trend of GI inherently present within the ore grains. A new packed-bed electrochemical reactor (PBER) was thus developed and tested to decouple and quantify the individual contributions of PP and GI on precious metal (gold and silver, PM) leaching rates during cyanidation of sulfidic ores. The PBER was filled with mixtures of sulfide minerals, gold and silver powders, where permanent (inter)particle-particle electrical contacts were ensured among all constituents. GI were found to ameliorate, to various degrees, the leaching of PM, particularly those due to pyrite, chalcopyrite and an industrial ore were so positive that they largely outweighed the negative impact of PM passivation. Extending the new PBER approach to consider the mineralogical characteristics of several multi-mineral systems indicated that GI between gold and sulfide mineral particles were the most important parameters affecting gold leaching. Several leveraging strategies were tested to increase gold cyanidation kinetics in the presence of PM-leaching inhibiting sulfide minerals. Galena was found to largely neutralize the negative effect of sulfide minerals dissolution on gold leaching. Pre-oxidation tested on individual sulfide minerals and on their associated mixtures revealed that GI occurring between conducting phases present in the ore may give rise to totally different cyanidation responses.
Khalesi, Mohammad Reza. "Integrated modeling of grinding, liberation and leaching of gold ores." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27466/27466.pdf.
Full textBellec, Steve. "Simulation et optimisation des rhéogrammes d'usines d'extraction de l'or par cyanuration." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28891/28891.pdf.
Full textGold, because of its rarity and its various applications is one of the most coveted metals. It is mainly known for its high value that has significantly increased recently. This increase in the value of gold contributed to change the face of new gold projects by allowing companies to exploit low grade deposits or difficult ore to process. A drastic fall in the price of gold would have a significant impact on the profitability of these new projects. One way to minimize this risk is to focus on economic optimization of cyanidation circuits. This project proposes to optimize gold cyanidation circuits with simulation based on the characterization of gold surfaces accessibility. To do so, gold accessibility is characterized. The information is then use to model the different stages of a conventional cyanidation gold extraction circuit. During the grinding step, the gold particles are broken to liberate gold surfaces. Given the high density difference between gold and the non-value minerals, liberation has a significant impact on the gravimetric classification. Finally, during leaching, the accessibility of surfaces facilitates the attack of gold by cyanide in presence of oxygen. This latest link is used to optimize leaching circuits. To create representative models, it is essential to have consistent data. With poor data quality, calibration, and even model structure may be distorted. In the case of gold ores, the intrinsic nature of the ore and the difficulties associated with gold concentration measurements in the liquid and solid phases can lead to non-representative data sets of the ore to characterize. Therefore, the first step of this research project is to explore the data reconciliation application to gold extraction processes measurements. This corrects data from industrial sampling campaigns and allows creating representative models of fragmentation, classification and leaching. Cyanidation kinetic is highly dependent of the degree of gold liberation and consequently is dependant on ore particle size. It is therefore important to identify in which ore size class the gold grains are. The first model proposed in this project characterizes the distribution of gold in different size classes as well as its accessibility. This is done by combining a cubic liberation model and a grinding model that uses different breakage and selection functions for mixed and non-value particles. The proposed model is calibrated and validated on a series of laboratory grinding tests. The gravimetric classification influences differently mixed particles, free gold and free non-value particles partition to the overflow and underflow of hydrocyclones. Liberated gold grains and gold attached to mixed particle have different classification behavior because they are influenced by the density of the particle. Furthermore, mixed particles and liberated gold grains have different degrees of accessibility and different leaching kinetics. Consequently, classification as an influence on cyanidation circuits performances positioned downstream of hydrocyclones. It is therefore proposed to link the information on the degree of gold accessibility obtained by the grinding model to Plitt’s classification model by using particle density. The model is then applied to industrial data. To do so, it is however necessary to introduce a second model since cyanidation takes place inside the mills of this grinding circuit. A simplified model for characterizing the gold leaching simultaneously with the fragmentation of the ore is proposed. Information on the exposure of gold surfaces feed a phenomenological model of cyanidation. The model incorporates the concepts of exposure and diffusion while taking into account the stoichiometry of gold dissolution reaction and cyanide consumption by cyanicides. Laboratory tests are used to confirm that the reaction rate is limited by diffusion in the industrial cyanidation process. These tests are also used to calibrate and validate the proposed model. All the models developed are grouped in a simulator combining the degree of gold surface accessibility to gold dissolution. To this end, the models developed for batch conditions are adapted for continuous application. Finally, the simulator is used to study different scenarios of cyanidation circuit economic optimization. The models developed and the results obtained lay the foundations to integrate liberation to grinding, gravity classification and cyanidation of gold.
Lachaussée, Ingeburg. "Georg Simmel : argent et philosophie." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040133.
Full textThe Philosophy of money is the beginning of the philosophical evolution of Georg Simmel. Money, when considered out of its economic context, has a purely symbolic and epistemological value. In this way it is an adequate instrument for describing modernity. The concepts of reciprocity and exchange transform money into "value" par excellence. Money establishes equality and acts as a levelling force. These, on a political level, are determinants of modern democracy. Simmel attempts to describe the place of philosophy by opposing it to scientific rationality which is characterised by the division of labour. His project requires the deconstruction of metaphysics and an investigation into the possibility of a "cosmos of value". To this end, the hermeneutics of money is based on aesthetics and sensibility. Time and space become the fields of investigation for the philosophy of Georg Simmel. Difference and distance are the key-words of his new ontology
Gaudin, Etienne. "Sur la stabilité et la mise en ordre des ions Cu+ et Ag+ dans divers chalcogénures ternaires et quaternaires." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2076.
Full textVILLARD, ERIC. "Psychopathologie et sociologie de l'argent." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20094.
Full textGallo, Lassere Davide. "Argent et capitalisme : de Marx aux monnaies du commun." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100130.
Full textThe analyses developed in my doctoral dissertation intend to stress the eminently political function played by money. Unlike neoclassic economic theory, I argue that currency is not neutral in economic and political terms. It materializes the power relationships that influence society, producing effects of different nature. The research consists of three parts: “Money and capitalism”, “Money and neocapitalism”, “Money and postcapitalism”. They are introduced by a preface in which I present my epistemological approach and by an ontological introduction, in which I focus on the social projects of the subjectivities who struggle to reinvent money adapting it to their needs. The first part of the dissertation, through a reading of the works of Marx, Simmel and Keynes, focuses on the main features of capitalist money: a tool for domination, a mobiliser of passions and a vector of social transformation. The second part explores some key elements of the crisis of neocapitalism: the global redeployment of the regime of accumulation, financialization of everyday life and the institution of euro. The third part, after an evaluation of the conditions of postcapitalistic transition, examines two practices capable to trigger original processes of political subjectivation: claims for a guaranteed social income and experimenting complementary monetary circuits. Finally, in the socio-political conclusions I delineate some paths in order to articulate a general theory of the common’s coins
Navarro, Julien. "Nanoparticules d'or, argent et or-argent fonctionnalisées pour la diffusion résonante de la lumière et l'extinction de la fluorescence moléculaire en suspension colloïdale." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S117.
Full textLes nanoparticules de métaux nobles (cuivre, argent, or) possèdent des propriétés optiques très intéressantes, variant selon leurs tailles et formes (sphère, bâtonnet, cube, étoile). Ces nanoparticules sont relativement stables chimiquement et présentent l'avantage de pouvoir être décorées, à leur surface, d'un large choix de molécules organiques, fluorescentes ou non, ainsi que des molécules biologiques, protéines, anticorps, ADN. Ces différents nanoparticules, fonctionnalisées avec les molécules appropriées, pourraient devenir un outil puissant pour l'imagerie moléculaire et médicale, entre autre dans la détection de cellules tumorales. Au cours de la thèse, nous nous sommes intéressé, à la synthèse de nanoparticules de différentes tailles et formes, ainsi qu'à la synthèse de différentes molécules, biocompatibles, permettant la stabilisation et la fonctionnalisation des particules. Nous avons ensuite étudié les propriétés photophysiques de ces nanoparticules par spectroscopie de fluorescence losrqu'un chromophore est greffé à leurs surfaces et par spectroscopie de diffusion de lumière pour étudier les propriétés intrinsèque de ces nanoparticules de métaux nobles
Gay, Pierre-Antoine. "Elaboration de revêtements composites électrolytiques à base d'argent : relation entre microstructure et résistance à l'usure et à la sulfuration." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2066.
Full textLeandri, Christel. "Adsorption du silicium sur l'argent (001) et (110)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22042.
Full textSoltani, Lakhdar. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés optiques et photoélectriques des couches métalliques granulaires d'argent." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS052.
Full textOliveira, Matthieu de. "Argent privé et argent public sur les routes du Nord : réseaux et flux financiers en Europe du Nord-Ouest de la Révolution à l'Empire." Lille 3, 1999. http://books.openedition.org/igpde/106.
Full textNevers, Aymeric. "Effets des ultrasons sur l'élaboration de revêtements électrolytiques d'argent et d'argent-étain : nucléation, croissance et structures cristallines." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD011/document.
Full textProperties of electrodeposited coatings are directly related to their morphology and structure, which are strongly influenced by the presence of organic additives and electrodeposition parameters (current density, direct vs pulsed current). An attractive possibility results in the use of ultrasound during electrodeposition, to influence the microstructure without using chemicals, or at least, by reducing their quantity. Many works in the literature describe the beneficial effect of ultrasound in plating, reporting finer grains, reduced porosity and increased brightness.In the present study, conventional cyanide silver bath as well as silver-tin electrolyte specifically formulated were used. Coatings were characterized by several methods such as SEM-EDS, XRD, and EBSD. These analysis were performed to evaluate the ultrasound (20 and 575 kHz) effect on the morphology, crystalline structure and elementary composition of coatings. To insulate the effect of cavitation bubbles from convection flow, all coatings had to be elaborated exactly with the same agitation in absence or presence of ultrasound, at an “equivalent flow” condition.During silver electrodeposition, ultrasound affect coatings properties by promoting specifics morphology and crystalline structure obtained by lateral growth. The thickness uniformity was measured on substrates with complex shapes. In this case, the use of low-frequency ultrasound allow to reduce thickness dispersion to a value close to 10%. The electrodeposition of silver-tin under sonication bring significant changes on the coatings appearance, homogeneity and composition. These modifications concerns both the elementary composition and the distribution of crystalline phases. Moreover, this behaviour is strongly dependant of the ultrasound frequency
Bourgeois, Evelyne. "L'argent métal au XIVème siècle, sa production et sa commercialisation." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010594.
Full textThere is a great disparity in the distribution of the deposits of silver - bearing ore at the fourteenth century. The centrale europe is at that time the main producing area and distribute silver in the others parts of the world. This possession of a strategic metal for the economic activity of the societies is one fo the vector of the affirmation of the europeans who, progressively, dominate the market and monetary exchange. Two major occurentes are examinated : - the first role of the italians who become the main middlemen in the marketing of silver towards the islamic and asiatic worlds. The incapability of the possessors of sudanese gold in maghreb and egypt to assert their position in the exchanges with the europeans, while the needs in gold increase strongly
FOSSAT, BERNARD. "La gestion du pecule a l'hopital psychiatrique public : approches et perspectives." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20146.
Full textGardaz, Michel. "Argent et symbolique : essai sur l'argent signe des échanges et l'argent signifiant pour l'inconscient." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H125.
Full textConsidered in its economic function, as a sign of exchange among people, money tends to become an increasingly abstract concept. Since the 18th century the functions of currency have been changing; what was formerly a reserve of capital and purchasing power has evolved a mere unit of account. This is why currency can be said to "repress" money. On the other hand, as regards collective experience and knowledge things have not changed : everyone knows that money is one of the driving forces in life and is related to sexual desire. This latter aspect of money - ignored in economic discourse - particularly interests the author who attempts to incorporate it into a more comprehensive study of the theme of money. In the first part of his work the author studies Marx's singular relationship with money. He investigates the part the assimilation of his father may have played on Marx's wish for social revolution, his wish to eliminate money and capitalist society so as to replace the exchange of paper currency with the award of certificates of work. To this end the author analyses Marx's correspondence with his parents and with Engels, as well as a number of theoretical writings among which on the jewish question, manuscripts of 1844 and kapital. In the second part the author analyses and comments upon the works of writers from the first half of the 20th century who, before any others, treated money as "un fait social total". He devotes particular attention to Mauss, Hocart, Keynes and Laum. He furthers their analyses of the question and complements them by studying what Freud said about money in his clinical words and more particularly in the psychopathology of everyday life and in the "dora case" and "the rat man". The above plan enables its author to redefine the symbolic fonction of money and demonstrate that ignorance of it can bring ruin upon any society
Collinet-Latil, Marie-Noe͏̈lle. "Lixiviation bactérienne par Thiobacillus ferrooxidans et Thiobacillus thiooxidans d'un concentré de flottation arsenopyriteux aurifère (réfractaire à la cyanuration directe)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11255.
Full textBUFFARD, DEJOUR FRANCOISE. "La symbolique de l'argent : histoire anthropologique, psychanalytique et institutionnelle ; a propos du centre medico-psycho-pedagogique de rockefeller (lyon)." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M125.
Full textRopers, Bruno. "Synthèse et propriétés physiques de matériaux composites désordonnés supraconducteurs YBaCuO-argent." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10523.
Full textGardaz, Michel. "Argent et symbolique essai sur l'argent signe des échanges et l'argent signifiant pour l'inconscient /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605277q.
Full textFeuvrier-Prevotat, Claire. "Pecunia : l'argent sous la République, représentations sociales et idéologiques." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA1001.
Full textThis study is the analysis of social and ideological representations of money during the republic. The term pecunia, which, in the law of the twelve tables, may refer to money, or to any other means of exchange, is dominant in the Latin vocabulary and signifies money and wealth, to the detriment of argentum which is frequently used by Plautus. The study of the occurrences of argentum and pecunia in Plautus and Cicero reveals the interest of the romans for money and their preoccupation with it. Moreover, the ties between money and power are acknowledged and legitimized. Many writers, however, frequently express the theme of the danger of money, such as lucrece and Sallust
Corde, Joëlle. "Photo-croissance de nanoparticules d'argent dans des couches SiO2/TiO2 : contrôle des propriétés optiques et électriques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPXX0022.
Full textJean, Magali. "Contribution à l'étude de carbonylation et de cyanuration de susbtrats propargyliques catalysées par les complexes du nickel en mileiu biphasique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30003.
Full textDu, Buit Henri. "L'être et l'argent." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040024.
Full textThis research originated from another work around the "Exégèse des lieux communs" de Léon Bloy which brings to light the analogy between word and money in the divine scriptures. .
Kellouch, Abdelhafid. "Stabilité, effet d'adition et propriétés d'intermétalliques et d'alliages à précipitation : étude numérique (ab initio) des bases Cu et Fe-Al." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2002.
Full textThis work consists in applying a computational method based on the quantum mechanical calculations ( ab inition method) to metal alloys. This method is used to determine the general tendencies which characterize their behaviours as well as to improve their physical properties (mechanical, transport etc). The calculations were carried out to study the effects of the ternary additions 3d (Ti, V, Cr) and 4d (Zr, Nb, Mo) on the mechanical and transport properties of the Cu-Ag alloys as well as the effects of small atoms (B, C, N, O) and the deviation from the stoechiometry in the FeAl alloys. The stability of the second phases that can reinforce the pure matrix were also investigated: Laves structures for the Cr-Zr-Nb system and their behaviour at high temperatures in Cu-based alloys, Heusler structure Fe2AlTi and Fe2AlCr for FeAl. The calculations were also extended to the ultra-fine Cu/Ag and Cu/AgZr films (multilayer) since they present a possible development by the growth techniques recently acquired by the laboratory (in particular PVD and CVD techniques). Finally, this study also showed the potential of the ab inition method for the design of new materials by combining the effects of temperature, concentration, defects. Etc. Knowing the tendencies and the correlation between the microscopic and macroscopic properties, the designer can be well guided for the development of new alloys with the required properties without making expensive experiments
Dubasque, François Lachaise Bernard. "Jean Hennessy, 1874-1944 : argent et réseaux au service d'une nouvelle république /." Rennes : Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41234751c.
Full textHarb, Moussab. "Étude théorique des propriétés spectroscopiques d’agrégats d’argent pur et bimétalliques argent-nickel." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10136.
Full textThis thesis presents a systematic theoretical study of a neutral mono and bimetallic clusters group of type Agn, AgmNip, AgnNin and Ag(13-p)Nip (up to twenty atoms) in gas phase, in which structural, electronic and optical properties depend not only on the size, but also on the chemical composition and atomic arrangement of both metal types. A preliminary study has also been addressed on the adsorption of one or two charged conjugated molecules C6H5S- and HOC6H4S- on small pure silver clusters in aqueous solution, allowing a modification of the optical response of pure silver clusters. These studies have been performed within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT and TDDFT). In this work, the electronic structure of the ground state and of the excited states has been determined. The description of the aqueous solvent surrounding the adsorbed systems has been realized by means of a polarisable dielectric model and definite molecules of the solvent interacting with the solute
Hariti, Atika. "Etude théorique des stabilités des agrégats de platine, rhodium et argent et leurs hydrogénations successives." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375982445.
Full textTribak, Nabila. "L' argent, masques et métaphores et l'identité américaine dans Go Down, Moses de William Faulkner." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081863.
Full textHariti, Atika. "Etude théorique des stabilités des agrégats de platine, rhodium et argent et leurs hydrogénations succésives." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066476.
Full textAbsi, Pascale. "Les ministres du diable : le travail et ses représentations dans les mines de Potosi, Bolivie /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39002519w.
Full textEugène, Jérôme. "Equilibre de ségrégation superficielle de l'argent sur le cuivre : structures et isothermes." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30063.
Full textPoirson, Martial. "Comédie et économie : argent, moral et intérêt dans les formes comiques du théâtre français (1673-1789)." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100146.
Full textMonroy, Fernandez Marcos Gustavo. "Biolixiviation-cyanuration de minerais sulfurés aurifères dans des dispositifs de percolation : comportement des populations de Thiobacillus ferrooxidans et influence de la minéralogie et des conditions opératoires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_MONROY_FERNANDEZ_M_G.pdf.
Full textEspiau, De Lamaestre Roch. "SYNTHÈSE ASSISTÉE PAR FAISCEAUX D'IONS D'AGRÉGATS DANSLES VERRES (ARGENT ET CHALCOGÉNURES DE PLOMB)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00068157.
Full textpropriétés intrinsèques et la réalisation de dispositifs pour l'optoélectronique. L'implantation ionique per-
met en principe de s'affranchir des limites de solubilité, mais permet-elle un contrôle de la densité, la taille
moyenne et de la distribution de tailles des agrégats réalisés ? Nous avons étudié les effets de l'implantation :
écart à l'équilibre thermodynamique, et dépôt d'énergie générateur de porteurs (électrons et trous) chargés.
Nous montrons l'importance de l'oxydoréduction due au passage et à l'arrêt des ions, et faisons varier la
densité d'énergie déposée pour induire des conditions réductrices favorables à la précipitation d'agrégats
métalliques. Le mécanisme d'agrégation de Ag dans le verre est analogue à celui de la photographie. Nous
avons ensuite étudié la croissance d'agrégats de semiconducteurs composés - les chalcogénures de plomb
(PbS, PbSe, PbTe), aux propriétés optiques intéressantes. Nous mettons en évidence les effets complexes de
la chimie redox des chalcogènes, et leur lien avec la perte de contrôle de la croissance d'agrégats synthétisés
après implantation séquentielle de Pb et S. Nous développons une nouvelle synthèse contrôlée d'agrégats de
PbS consistant, avant recuit, à implanter du soufre dans des verres au Pb. Le choix de la composition du
verre permet de contrôler la croissance, et l'implantation de S permet d'atteindre des fractions volumiques
importantes. Les propriétés d'émission optique de ces agrégats dans l'infrarouge (vers 1,5 µm) font appa-
raître une section efficace d'excitation très importante et l'existence d'un niveau d'"exciton noir".
Boulard, Claude. "Argent et liberté : une lecture logique de la philosophie du droit de Hegel." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010694.
Full textMoney as the forme of wealth structures the self-motion of liberty in the philosophy of law. From the "abstract law" onwards, property is mediated by value (wert) and this "negative unity" structures the immediate syllogism of the contract, then to become the fondation of penal law. This universal internalizes itself in the formal negativity of moral value (gelten) and this opposition is overcome. The "living good" effectuates itself as ethical wealth. Family love as the prime concrete value becomes mediated through patrimony. Thus wealth in its very fondation is acknowledgment, something which the "phenomenal world of ethics", that is "the system of needs" tends to make manifest, but first through a tearing confrontation of opposites. Wealth is immediateness mediated, an "essential being" reaching up to concept status. The logical determination of money as form and its external necessity spell the dynamic quality of substantial effectualness. It is necessary, however, that it should eventually manifest itself as what it is, namely as organized social bonds, concept, or state, as prefigured by the institutional solidarities inherent in its contingent seeming. It is only after it has been conceptualized that money can function as an instrument of equity through taxation. Thus through a syllogism of necessity one moves from the original value to the ideality of wealth, the ultimate stage of the "objective spirit", a moment in universal history
Bouat, Sophie. "Evolution thermique des propriétés magnétiques et structurales de multicouches magnétorésistives argent/nickel-fer." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10182.
Full textRayee, Quentin. "Dépôts électrochimiques d’argent, de palladium et d’alliages argent-palladium en solvants eutectiques profonds." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/303218.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Urbain, Caroline. "L'attitude à l'égard de l'argent dans le contexte du prix : concept, mesures et effets." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10201.
Full textBuying implies to exchange a value - product - with an other value - money -. The realisation of this act consists in paying the price. The general goal of our research is to point attitude towards money as a psychological antecedent of buyer's attitude towards price. That is why two conceptual and empirical prerequisites were needed. Firstly we took into account litératures in human sciences in order to identify attitude towards money with antecedents, components and effects ; we suggested a measurement scale of this multidimensional construct and tested the psychometric properties with two empirical studies ( two samples : 387 and 465 persons). Secondly the analysis of the marketing works about consumer's behaviour towards price leaded to identify attitude towards price as a muldimensional construct consisted of price consciousness, value consciousness, price-quality schema, prestige sensitivy and deal proneness ; we specified these constructs, tested the measurement scales published in the marketing literatures on the second empirical study and proposed completed measures. These two steps allowed in a third time to set hypothesis about effects of the different dimensions of the attitude towards money on each construct standing for attitude towards price ; we verified thes hypothesis on the second empirical study. The results have come to the conclusion that attitude towards money can be considered as a significant psychological antecedent of attitude towards price. Finally the conceptual and empirical limits of our research were stressed and future research issues and recommendations to managers were pointed out
Cheviron, Perrine. "Nanostructuration de films nanocomposites amidon / argent et amidon / argent / montmorillonites par procédé de « chimie verte » : influence des voies de génération des nanoparticules métalliques sur la structure et les propriétés de transport." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10047/document.
Full textThe present work reports a strategy involving the preparation of silver nanoparticles in a biodegradable polymer stemming from either an ex situ or an in situ method, using in both cases a completely green chemistry process. The influence of the reducing agent concentration and the silver nanoparticles generation route is investigated on the structure, the morphology and the properties of the nanocomposite films. In both routes, silver nanoparticles with a diameter below 30 nm were highlighted in the nanocomposite films. For all nanocomposite films, no modification on the crystalline structure of the starch matrix is observed in the presence of silver. The in situ generation route allowed to obtain the smallest silver nanoparticles with a diameter below 10 nm. Crystalline silver nanoparticles were obtained only from the in situ generation route at the temperature of 85°C. The introduction of montmorillonites in both generation routes was also studied. The decrease of the water sorption and the improvement of water and oxygen barrier properties were found to be not dependent on the reducing agent concentration but mainly on the presence of the crystalline structure of the silver nanoparticles. Thus, significant enhancement of the barrier properties were finally obtained for the in situ nanocomposite films thanks to an efficient interaction between the crystalline silver nanoparticles and the starch matrix
Garnier-Laplace, Jacqueline. "Etude des mécanismes de transfert de l'argent-110 M en eau douce : conception et exploitation d'un modèle expérimental d'écosystème et d'un modèle mathématique de simulation de la distribution du radioélément au sein d'une chaîne trophique /." Saclay : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354558455.
Full textRios, Vera Rafael Manuel. "Étude des propriétés physicochimiques de mélanges de liquide ionique et d’extractants et leurs applications pour la récupération de l’argent." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066570/document.
Full textSynthesis and characterization of two new cholinium-based ionic liquids, named N-(2-hidroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-octylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C8linCol]+[NTf2]- and N-(2-hidroxyethyl)-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-N,N-dimethyl-ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C8ramCol]+[NTf2]- has been developed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ATR-FTIR y ESI-MS. Properties as the viscous flux activation energy, the volume or the molar entropy have been calculated from the experimental data on density and viscosity. Calculations showed that the ramified ionic liquid possess a higher degree of structural order when compared with the linear ionic liquid. Also, their capacity for the recovery of Ag (I) was determined and an extraction level of 98.6% for the linear and 40.5% for the ramified ionic liquid was found. Maximum extraction was found at pH 5.0 with an important selectivity on the extraction of Ag (I) and Cu (II) towards Fe (III). Ag (I) extraction with a phosphonium-based ionic liquid (2,4,4 dimethyl(penthyl) phosphinate de trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium) was also tested. Extraction tests were developed at different concentration values when dissolved in kerosene or kerosene plus decan-1-ol. An extraction level of 80 to 85% was determined with the different mixtures at a maximum recovery pH of 3.0. Spectroscopic characterization (ATR-IR) showed the protonation of the anion in the ionic liquid forming the acid specie. This specie is probably the responsible for the extraction of silver. The formation of a dimeric specie was found in the 31P NMR and the value of the formation constant was calculated
Zou, Yuanyuan. "Personnages féminins et argent dans "L'argent" d'Émile Zola et "Les drames de l'argent" de Raoul de Navery." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20132.
Full textIn this thesis, we concentrate on two works: Émile Zola’s "L'argent" and Raoul de Navery's "Les drames de l'argent". The analytical study of female characters and money according to ethical criticism consists in the fact that it reflects in a way the values of society, authors and works during a specific historical period. Thus we seek to reflect on family ethics through the female characters of these two chosen novels as well as how it is influenced by the question of money
Cusin, François. "Les comportements monétaires et financiers : évolution et facteurs de différenciation : contribution à une sociologie de l'argent, des pratiques et des représentations économiques." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040251.
Full textNadjo, Léon. "L'argent et les affaires à Rome des origines au IIe siècle avant J.-C. : étude d'un vocabulaire technique /." Louvain : Paris : Peeters ; Société pour l'information grammaticale, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376653192.
Full textBibliogr. p. 480-507. Index.