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Journal articles on the topic 'Cybernetic perspective'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Lafontaine, Céline. "The Cybernetic Matrix of `French Theory'." Theory, Culture & Society 24, no. 5 (September 2007): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276407084637.

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This article aims to draw a portrait of the influence of cybernetics on soft science. To this end, structuralism, post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy will be successively analyzed in a perspective based on importing concepts stemming from the cybernetic paradigm (information, feedback, entropy, complexity, etc.). By focusing more specifically on the American postwar context, we intend to remind the audience that many soft science specialists were involved in the elaboration of this ‘new science’. We will then retrace the influence of the cybernetic paradigm on structuralism. Starting with the historic meeting between Roman Jakobson and Claude Lévi-Strauss, we will illustrate that structural phonology is directly inspired by discoveries stemming from the informational model. In the same perspective, the conceptual borrowings of psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan from cybernetics will be identified and analyzed. Then, we will address the matter of the relationship between postmodern theories and the cybernetic paradigm. The philosophical movement towards deconstruction, as well as Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy, will be analyzed based on how they relate to this paradigm. We will also insist on the fact that the philosophy of Jean- François Lyotard’s La Condition postmoderne is fully in line with the epistemological revolution launched by cybernetics.

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Dixon, Steve. "Cybernetic-Existentialism in Performance Art." Leonardo 52, no. 3 (June 2019): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01544.

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A theory of Cybernetic-Existentialism is proposed to offer a new critical perspective on technological performance art. Case studies of Wafaa Bilal, Stelarc and Steve Mann are used to demonstrate how core ideas and themes from both cybernetics and existentialism are increasingly converging in contemporary arts.

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3

Fischer, Thomas. "Narratives of exploration: from “Failure is not an Option” to “Try again. Fail again. Fail better.”." Kybernetes 49, no. 8 (May 20, 2020): 2091–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2019-0502.

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Purpose To trace a shift in attitudes towards control since the mid-twentieth century, as reflected in a shift in rhetoric that accompanied the extension from first- to second-order cybernetics. Design/methodology/approach Narratives of exploration that have emerged from NASA’s lunar programme and recent design cybernetics are juxtaposed to show a transition away from the legitimisation of goal-oriented decision-making and control towards advocacy of partial control avoidance and accommodation of the unanticipated. Findings Contemporary cybernetic theory recognises the importance of both the partial presence and the partial absence of control in creative epistemic practice. It is thus unsurprising that, according to historical records, NASA’s journey to the moon was enabled not only by the assurance of control but also by lapses of control. However, NASA’s rhetorical posture during the race to the moon focused on predictable control and goal orientation, differing notably from the recent design-cybernetic openness towards uncertainty, error, and serendipity. This difference is encapsulated by the “Failure is not an option” dictum that was associated with NASA’s lunar programme and the “Try Again. Fail Again. Fail Better” equivalent associated with design cybernetics. Recognition of the more recent cybernetic perspective is impeded by its continuing omission from narratives of earlier cybernetic accomplishments. Research limitations/implications To the extent that narratives examined in this paper refer to exceptional initiatives and spontaneous events, the repeatability and generalisability of the presented argument are limited. Originality/value The paper highlights changing cybernetic narratives of creative invention by examining how spontaneous changes in variety were reported to have been addressed in NASA’s lunar programme, and how recent cybernetic design theory suggests they should be addressed.

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4

Geng, Jun, and Jingqi Yuan. "Penicillin fermentation employing cybernetic perspective." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1093.

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5

Haliniak, Marek. "Filozoficzne aspekty modelowania cybernetycznego w metodologii działań politycznych w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2003): 367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2003.1.1.23.

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The article deals with the experience and results of attempts aimed at using cybernetic system methods for modeling the policy of sustainable development. The analysis is made from the ecophilosophical perspective. The cybernetics is presented as the sub-philosophical, general, and inter-disciplinary science with a high level of influence on the process of policy-making and policy-makers. However, the barriers of philosophy and cybernetics in that respect are strictly connected with the limits of philosophy. The question concerns the problem of transferring the ideas into practice by the method of cybernetic modeling. Whereas the conceptual model should reflect the objective reality it should be based on some general, politically accepted ideas. This necessity is obvious because of the link between the basic axioms of a given model with the general results generated by it. The author analyses the possibility of appliance the Sage-Michnowski model as the instrument for planning the sustainable development policy as the interrelated social, economic, and ecological system.

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Nony, Anaïs. "Technology of Neo-Colonial Epistemes." Philosophy Today 63, no. 3 (2019): 731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday20191111292.

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This article reevaluates the historical conditions of the concomitant rise of computational systems and DNA-coding in the 1950s (M’Charek, Gilroy) and addresses the implementation of behavioral psychology and cybernetic technologies of control after the Second World War. From this historical perspective, this article interrogates the intersectional relation that automatic systems of control share with models of segregation and structures of knowledge oppression. It engages with the work of French philosopher Gilbert Simondon and poses Simondon’s cybernetic theory as an opportunity to question systems of knowledge imposed on ontological domains. Finally, it reveals how cybernetics reproduces a model of cultural understanding based on exclusion/inclusion and addresses the difficulty of creating new critical paradigms (Said, Spivak) from within the informational technologies of neo-colonial episteme.

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7

Seaman, William. "A multi-perspective approach to knowledge production." Kybernetes 43, no. 9/10 (November 3, 2014): 1412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2014-0145.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss a Multi-perspective approach to knowledge production in terms of a set of cybernetic concepts relevant to the approach; to describe a software system that computationally embodies the approach; and to articulate a research project that pragmatically employs the approach. Design/methodology/approach – A definition is provided. The paper uses a survey methodology, exploring relevant cybernetic and contemporary technological concepts. An operational software mechanism (The Insight Engine) is discussed that enables the bridging of transdisciplinary concepts by a user in the service of accretive research –Recombinant Informatics. Findings – Many cybernetic concepts are relevant to contemporary research into cognition and Neosentience research. More study needs to be undertaken related to historical BCL projects in terms of articulating relevance to contemporary research. Research limitations/implications – Future research seeks to extend the computational functionality of “The insight engine”, as well as uncover relevant BCL/cybernetic materials. Practical implications – The software is unique in the field and already there is interest in its use by differing research communities including the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, and at Stanford, research under Ian Hodder. Social implications – The Insight Engine has potential to be used as a multi-perspective tool for many different fields enabling different forms of distributed, transdisciplinary team-based research. Originality/value – This text is valuable to researchers interested in new forms of interface, augmentation of thought and learning via computational approaches; and the development of bridges between novel research areas, including contemporary, historical BCL, and other cybernetic inquiry.

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8

Holtgrefe, A. A. I. "Managing transport systems: A cybernetic perspective." European Journal of Operational Research 22, no. 3 (December 1985): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(85)90265-6.

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9

Farkhari, Fateme. "Uncertainty and Cybernetics." Review of European Studies 8, no. 3 (August 4, 2016): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n3p269.

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<p>Cybernetics is an interdisciplinary science that explores the way of control and relation in machines and animals. The relation is the largest and most key element in cybernetic systems without which monitoring and feedback will be meaningless. Information is the key element of relation. Thus, addressing the concept of information, information flow, and its influencing factors are the most important issues in cybernetics. This study aims to investigate the lack and deficiency in the information or the uncertainty from the perspective of cybernetics. It should be noted that risk increases positive entropy, system instability, leads it towards the maximum chaos and destruction. To avoid it, it needs to use the negative entropy or adding information to the network.</p>

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10

STEFANESCU, Roxana. "CYBERNETIC MODEL OF THE ECONOMIC AGENT." Annals of "Spiru Haret". Economic Series 16, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1629.

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The paper is based on the synthesis of the economic systems and processes management. It analysis the cybernetic characteristics of the economy, it defines in a system manner the market and analysis its characteristic traits and synthesizes the cybernetic characteristics of the economic agent. In the first part of the paper the systemic and cybernetic traits of the market that determines the behavior and functionality of the economic systems are identified. In the second part are presented the economic agents, categorized in elementary agents and aggregate agents. At the end the economic agents are shown from the systemic, cybernetic perspective.

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11

Mulder, M., and J. A. Mulder. "Cybernetic Analysis of Perspective Flight-Path Display Dimensions." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 28, no. 3 (May 2005): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.6646.

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12

Fischer, Thomas. "A cybernetic perspective on determinability and design research." Kybernetes 46, no. 9 (October 2, 2017): 1588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2016-0269.

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Purpose The scientific criterion of determinability (predictability) can be framed in realist or in constructivist terms. This can pose a challenge to design researchers who operate between scientific research (which favors a realist view of determinism/indeterminism) and design practice (which favors a constructivist view of determinability/indeterminability). This paper aims to develop a framework to navigate this challenge. Design/methodology/approach A critical approach to “scientific” design research is developed by examining the notion of (in)determinism, with particular attention to the observer-based projection of systemic boundaries, and the constructivist understanding of how such boundaries are constituted. This is illustrated using automata theory. A decision-making framework is then developed based on a diagram known as the epistemological triangle. Findings The navigation between determinism as a property of the observed, and determinability as a property of the observer follows the navigation between realist and constructivist perspectives, and thus has a bearing on the navigation of the kinds of design research distinguished by Frayling, and their implied primary evaluation criteria. Research limitations/implications The presented argument advocates a constructivist view, which, however, is not meant to imply a rejection of, but rather, an additional degree of freedom extending the realist view. Originality/value This discussion contributes to the establishment of observational determinability as observer-dependent. The proposed framework connects the navigation between deterministic observables and determining observers to the navigation between the design criteria form, meaning and utility. This may be of value within and beyond design research.

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13

Богданова, Виолетта. "Информационно-кибернетический подход к проектированию педагогического эксперимента." Revistă de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane = Journal of Social and Human Sciences 48, no. 2 (August 21, 2021): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46727/jshs.2021.v48.i2.p111-124.

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The stages of a pedagogical experiment on teaching information security of future economists are presented from a cybernetic informational perspective. The experimental results were statistically processed, evaluated using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and the φ *criterion - Fisher's angular transformation.

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14

Varner, J., and D. Ramkrishna. "Metabolic Engineering from a Cybernetic Perspective. 1. Theoretical Preliminaries." Biotechnology Progress 15, no. 3 (June 4, 1999): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp990017p.

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15

Lewis, Brian L. "Self as a System: A Second Order Cybernetic Perspective." Journal of Strategic and Systemic Therapies 8, no. 2-3 (June 1989): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jsst.1989.8.2-3.65.

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16

Vanderstraeten, Raf. "Observing Systems: a Cybernetic Perspective on System/Environment Relations." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 31, no. 3 (September 2001): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00160.

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17

Haggerty, Terry R. "Designing Control and Information Systems in Sport Organizations: A Cybernetic Perspective." Journal of Sport Management 2, no. 1 (January 1988): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2.1.53.

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This paper suggests cybernetic strategies for improving organizational control and information systems. The suggestions are based on the postulates of Beer’s cybernetic Viable System Model (VSM). The VSM was based on the way the human body’s neural control system successfully manages the high degree of complexity it regularly faces. The model identifies five linked control subsystems and specifies propositions concerning their information-processing behavior. The five systems are responsible for the following key tasks: policy development, environmental matters, internal control, coordination of basic units, and the basic work of the system. The information-handling propositions focus on providing requisite capacities in (a) the communication channels linking the five control systems, (b) the transducers that carry information across system boundaries, and (c) the complexity of linked pairs of control systems. The suggested management strategies focus on designing organizations to satisfy the task differentiation, communication channel capacity, transducer capacity, and requisite complexity postulates of the model.

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18

Smith, Thomas J., and Thomas L. Larson. "Integrating Quality Management and Hazard Management: A Behavioral Cybernetic Perspective." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 35, no. 13 (September 1991): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129103501302.

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19

Smith, Thomas J. "The Scientific Basis of Human Factors - A Behavioral Cybernetic Perspective." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 9 (October 1993): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700904.

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This report summarizes a body of empirical evidence supporting the conclusion that the preponderance of variability in human behavior and performance is attributable to design factors in the performance environment. This may be considered the central doctrine of human factors science that establishes the scientific basis of human factors as an integral discipline. The report goes on to offer a conceptual interpretation, based on behavioral cybernetic theory, of how and why design factors influence human behavior and performance. [This is not an official Bureau publication. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the U.S. Bureau of Mines.]

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20

Hanley, Adam W., and Eric L. Garland. "The Mindful Personality: a Meta-analysis from a Cybernetic Perspective." Mindfulness 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2017): 1456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0736-8.

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21

Searight, H. Russell, and Patrick Openlander. "Interactional psychotherapy from a cybernetic perspective: Overview and clinical implications." Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 18, no. 1 (1988): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00946769.

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22

Fricke, Oliver, Gerd Lehmkuhl, and Donald W. Pfaff. "Cybernetic principles in the systematic concept of hypothalamic feeding control." European Journal of Endocrinology 154, no. 2 (February 2006): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02081.

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Research on biological mechanisms of eating behavior and related disorders, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa, has become a large field of research in the last 15 years. With the discovery of peptides related to hypothalamic control of food intake (e.g. leptin and ghrelin) the search for the biological ‘master key’ of feeding control was renewed. As a result, mid-20th century biological concepts based on systematic and cybernetic thoughts fell into oblivion. This review highlights discoveries of hypothalamic-controlled feeding and eating behavior with a cybernetic and systematic perspective. Interestingly, older ideas of hypothalamic function offer possibilities for the incorporation of new molecular discoveries into systematic concepts of feeding behavior.

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23

Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius. "Textocracy, or, the cybernetic logic of French theory." History of the Human Sciences 33, no. 1 (February 2020): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119864241.

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This article situates the emergence of cybernetic concepts in postwar French thought within a longer history of struggles surrounding the technocratic reform of French universities, including Marcel Mauss’s failed efforts to establish a large-scale centre for social-scientific research with support from the Rockefeller Foundation, the intellectual and administrative endeavours of Claude Lévi-Strauss during the 1940s and 1950s, and the rise of communications research in connection with the Centre d’Études des Communications de Masse (CECMAS). Although semioticians and poststructuralists used cybernetic discourse critically and ironically, I argue that their embrace of a ‘textocratic’ perspective – that is, a theory of power and epistemology as tied to technical inscription – sustained elements of the technocratic reasoning dating back to these 1920s efforts to reform French universities.

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Löbler, Helge, and Michelle Wloka. "Customers’ everyday understanding of ‘value’ from a second-order cybernetic perspective." Journal of Marketing Management 35, no. 11-12 (June 28, 2019): 992–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.2019.1632374.

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Varsos, Dimitrios S., and Nikitas A. Assimakopoulos. "Viability and change in the 21st century organisation: a cybernetic perspective." International Journal of Applied Systemic Studies 8, no. 2 (2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijass.2018.093039.

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Assimakopoulos, Nikitas A., and Dimitrios S. Varsos. "Viability and change in the 21st century organisation: a cybernetic perspective." International Journal of Applied Systemic Studies 8, no. 2 (2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijass.2018.10014103.

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Hanley, Adam W., Anne K. Baker, and Eric L. Garland. "The Mindful Personality II: Exploring the Metatraits from a Cybernetic Perspective." Mindfulness 9, no. 3 (October 24, 2017): 972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0836-5.

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Varner, J., and D. Ramkrishna. "Metabolic Engineering from a Cybernetic Perspective: Aspartate Family of Amino Acids." Metabolic Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 1999): 88–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mben.1998.0104.

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29

Kranenburg, Rob Van, and Gaelle Le Gars. "The Cybersecurity Aspects of New Entities Need a Cybernetic, Holistic Perspective." International Journal of Cyber Forensics and Advanced Threat Investigations 2, no. 1 (May 22, 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46386/ijcfati.v2i1.36.

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In our connected world security and proof (evidence constituted in Verifiable Credentials (VC, W3C)) is distributed over what an individual can attest, what my objects tell about me (that is why AI = inferences from that data, is so important), and my behavior: “apply shaving foam” is a number in coelition.org. It is clear that we can no longer isolate the notion of security as in securing devices or securing infrastructure. In this brief article which is the background to a number of workshops that the authors and the Journal will host together, we sketch what we believe to be the end of a paradigm of a government model that has outsourced capabilities to the market. It is in the process of privatizing its last public capability: identity management. This is causing tremendous stress in systems, services, organizational procedures, and individuals. We propose a holistic perspective, distributing security at two points: at the device level and a moral movement at a societal level. As a time out to create room to discuss this broadly, we propose a particular model of SSI and disposable identities.

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Vagt, Christina. "Design as aesthetic education: On the politics and aesthetics of learning environments." History of the Human Sciences 33, no. 1 (February 2020): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119882883.

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The article, speaking from the double perspective of media history and political aesthetics, discusses the impact of behaviourism and early computer technology on the design of learning environments in the United States after the Second World War. By revisiting B. F. Skinner’s approaches to behavioural techniques and cultural engineering, and by showing how these principles were applied first at US design departments, and later to prison education, it argues that cybernetic and behavioural techniques merged in the common field of design and education. Behavioural design of the 1960s and 1970s furthered the cybernetic dream of total control over the world by addressing the learning environment rather than the individual, and operated within a space of possibility that was governed equally by technology and aesthetics. Behavioural design can therefore be understood as a political technology.

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Lonsdale, Tom. "Cybernetic Hypothesis of Periodontal Disease in Mammalian Carnivores." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 11, no. 1 (March 1994): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649401100101.

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Factors known to govern the pathogenesis of periodontal disease of carnivores are reinterpreted from an ecological perspective. A cybernetic hypothesis is generated which predicts and explains population control mechanisms. Sensitivity to prevailing conditions and the ability to exert a powerful influence upon those conditions is central to the hypothesis. Natural and domestic situations are contrasted with demonstration of a range of immune-mediated conditions arising from a permanent septic focus in the mouths of domestic cats and dogs. The hypothesis is expected to withstand critical scrutiny. In which case a new theory at the heart of a new paradigm will set the future course.

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Herr, Christiane M. "Design cybernetics in support of cross-disciplinary collaboration: educating the next generation of Chinese architects and structural engineers." Kybernetes 49, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 2109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2019-0521.

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Purpose This paper offers design cybernetics as a theoretical common ground to bridge diverging approaches to design as they frequently occur in collaborative design projects. Focusing on the education of architects and structural engineers in China, the paper examines how compatible approaches to design can be established in both disciplines. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses relevant literature as well as observations from Chinese practice and academia. Design cybernetics is introduced and examined as a basis for establishing shared narratives to support cross-disciplinary collaborations involving architects and structural engineers. Findings Design cybernetics offers a body of vocabulary and a rich resource of strategies to address applied designing across design-oriented disciplines such as architecture and science-based disciplines such as structural engineering. The meta perspective of design cybernetics also provides a basis for the implementation of pedagogy supporting cross-disciplinary collaboration in applied design. Research limitations/implications The scope of the paper is limited to the examination of the theoretical framing as well as the implementation of pedagogy in the cultural and geographical context of China. Practical implications The paper outlines several design cybernetic strategies for pedagogy in support of cross-disciplinary collaborative design processes and illustrates their implementation in applied design education. Originality/value Addressing a significant and persistent gap between the two disciplines of architecture and structural engineering in the context of Chinese building practice, this paper examines the particularities of this context and presents an educational approach to support cross-disciplinary collaboration that has value in and beyond the context of China.

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Wright, Patrick M., and Gary C. McMahan. "Theoretical Perspectives for Strategic Human Resource Management." Journal of Management 18, no. 2 (June 1992): 295–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639201800205.

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Critics have argued that the field of human resource management (HRM) lacks a coherent theoreticalframework. This article attempts to further the theoretical development of SHRM through discussing six theoretical models (behavioral perspective, cybernetic models, agencyltransaction cost theory, resource-based view of the firm, power/resource dependence models, and institutional theory) that are usefulfor understanding both strategic and non-strategic determinants of HR practices. Finally, the implications of a stronger theoretical approach to SHRM research and practice are discussed.

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McClelland, Kent. "Perceptual Control and Social Power." Sociological Perspectives 37, no. 4 (December 1994): 461–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389276.

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This article explores a new psychological perspective on human behavior, a cybernetic approach called “perceptual control theory” (PCT). After detailing the PCT model, I demonstrate one application of PCT to sociological theory by applying this perspective to questions of power and interpersonal control. I argue that social power should be distinguished from interpersonal use of force, coercion, incentives, or influence. Rather, power derives from an alignment of goals by humans acting as independent control systems. The article closes with a discussion of connections between PCT and several strands of current sociological theory.

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Marks-Tarlow, Terry. "Myth, Metaphor, and the Evolution of Self-Awareness." International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems 3, no. 1 (January 2014): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsss.2014010104.

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Classic myths survive generation after generation, because they teach people how to perceive and respond to the surrounding world. Myths supply a set of embodied metaphors to live by. This paper examines the relationship between myth, metaphor, and self-awareness. The myth of Oedipus is revisited using lenses of interpersonal neurobiology and second-order cybernetics, where observers become self-referentially entangled with the observed. Whereas Freud interpreted the Oedipus story literally, this paper examines the myth self-referentially. By looking inward rather than outward, early relational trauma plus implicit learning provide clues to life's external riddles and uncertainties. Wisdom gleaned from this ancient myth lines up with contemporary computational studies, when the capacity for self-reference is interpreted as a Universal Turing Machine with full memory—both implicit and explicit—for its own past. A cybernetic perspective dovetails with research on the neurobiology of memory and cognitive studies from developmental psychology. The same mental skills required for self-reference and metaphorical thinking within individuals signal internal complexity and mature cognition collectively necessary to enter the modern arena of self-reflective consciousness.

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Boccia Artieri, Giovanni. "Analogie e mimesi tra scienze computazionali e sociologia: l'Intelligenza Artificiale in Achille Ardigň." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (September 2009): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-su2005.

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- This essay is about the 80th-90th Italian sociological context when the second order cybernetic and the theory of the complexity introduced a new perspective. That context produced a convergence between social sciences and Artificial Intelligence (AI) theory. The paper focuses on 3 perspectives: 1. the sociocultural change: AI is a cultural approach that produces an imaginary about the mutation introduced by the informatic evolution. It opens people's concerns and hopes about the relation between "man" and cybernetic "machine". 2. The analogy between the theory that produces intelligence machines and the social system theory that thinks the society in an abstract and artificial way, by producing consequences on epistemological level and governance. 3. the social impact of the AI outputs in relational live and in the production of the reality. On the one hand the interest is about the Expert Systems that can support analytical and decision-making processes - here the risk is an emerging attitude to the abstract process rather then to the practices; on the other hand the interest is about two kinds of interactions: human-machine and human-machine-human.Keywords: Achille Ardigň, Artificial Intelligence, artificial culture, micromacro link, human-computer interaction, web 2.0.Parole chiave: Achille Ardigň, Intelligenza Artificiale, cultura dell'artificiale, micro-macro link, comunicazione uomo-macchina, web 2.0.

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Griffiths, Dai. "Resilience and transparency in social systems." Kybernetes 48, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-01-2018-0032.

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Purpose This paper draws on the literature of cybernetics to argue that the resilience of organizations can be diminished by an unconsidered maximization of transparency and accountability. In doing so, it critically examines the concept of resilience and the relationship of resilience to neoliberalism. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual analysis of resilience is carried out at two levels. First, the use of the concepts of resilience, viability, transparency, accountability and neoliberalism is considered, together with the relationship between them. Second, the management interventions that result from the application of these related ideas are critiqued from the perspective of cybernetics and particularly of variety and black boxes. Findings It is shown that within complex social environments, the unconsidered imposition of transparency and accountability as a management strategy may constrain the resilience of the organizations and individuals rather than enhance it. The use of data analytics enhances this tendency. Research limitations/implications The theoretical analysis of the relationship between transparency and resilience offers a basis for carrying out empirical studies. Practical implications There are practical implications for organizational managers, employees and stakeholders, offering them a means of understanding the systemic threat posed by organizational design decisions which enhance transparency and accountability without taking into consideration the full range of interactions which act to maintain organizational viability. Social implications The analysis provides a rationale for resisting the imposition of social policies inspired by neoliberalism. Originality/value The bringing together of the concepts of resilience, neoliberalism, transparency and accountability, and their exposure to cybernetic analysis, provides a novel perspective on resilience, and new insights into way that organizations maintain their viability.

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Merkl-Davies, Doris M., and Niamh M. Brennan. "A theoretical framework of external accounting communication." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 2 (February 20, 2017): 433–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-04-2015-2039.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework of external accounting communication in the form of a typology based on perspectives, traditions, and theories from the discipline of communication studies. The focus is accounting communication with external audiences via public written documents outside the audited financial statements, i.e., annual reports, press releases, CSR reports, websites, conference calls, etc. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical framework is based on two broad research perspectives on accounting communication: (A) a functionalist-behavioural transmission perspective and (B) a symbolic-interpretive narrative perspective. Eight traditions of communication research are introduced which provide alternative ways of conceptualising accounting communication, namely (1) mathematical tradition, (2) socio-psychological tradition, (3) cybernetic/systems-oriented tradition, (4) semiotic tradition, (5) rhetorical tradition, (6) phenomenological tradition, (7) socio-cultural tradition, and (8) critical tradition. Exemplars of each tradition from prior accounting research, to the extent they have been adopted, are discussed. Finally, a typology is developed, which serves as a heuristic device for viewing similarities and differences between research traditions. Findings Prior accounting studies predominantly focus on the role of discretionary disclosures in accounting communication in the functioning of the relationship between organisations and their audiences. Research is predominantly located in the mathematical, the socio-psychological, and the cybernetic/systems-oriented tradition. Accounting communication is primarily viewed as the transmission of messages about financial, environmental, and social information to external audiences. Prior research is mainly concerned with the communicator (e.g. CEO personality) and the message (e.g. intentions and effects of accounting communication). Research from alternative traditions is encouraged, which explores how organisations and their audiences engage in a dialogue and interactively create, sustain, and manage meaning concerning accounting and accountability issues. Originality/value The paper identifies, organises, and synthesises research perspectives, traditions, and associated theories from the communication studies literature in the form of a typology. The paper concludes with an extensive agenda for future research on accounting communication.

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Henriksen, Danah, Punya Mishra, and Melissa Warr. "A Cybernetic Perspective on Design and Creativity: a Conversation with Dr. Paul Pangaro." TechTrends 62, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11528-017-0232-y.

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Westera, Wim. "On the cybernetic arrangement of feedback in serious games: A systems-theoretical perspective." Education and Information Technologies 20, no. 1 (July 5, 2013): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-013-9267-7.

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Dietrich, Johannes W., Gabi Landgrafe, and Elisavet H. Fotiadou. "TSH and Thyrotropic Agonists: Key Actors in Thyroid Homeostasis." Journal of Thyroid Research 2012 (2012): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/351864.

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This paper provides the reader with an overview of our current knowledge of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback from a cybernetic standpoint. Over the past decades we have gained a plethora of information from biochemical, clinical, and epidemiological investigation, especially on the role of TSH and other thyrotropic agonists as critical components of this complex relationship. Integrating these data into a systems perspective delivers new insights into static and dynamic behaviour of thyroid homeostasis. Explicit usage of this information with mathematical methods promises to deliver a better understanding of thyrotropic feedback control and new options for personalised diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction and targeted therapy, also by permitting a new perspective on the conundrum of the TSH reference range.

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Gramsbergen, Albert. "Postural Control in Man: The Phylogenetic Perspective." Neural Plasticity 12, no. 2-3 (2005): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2005.77.

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Erect posture in man is a recent affordance from an evolutionary perspective. About eight million years ago, the stock from which modern humans derived split off from the ape family, and from around sixty-thousand years ago, modern man developed. Upright gait and manipulations while standing pose intricate cybernetic problems for postural control. The trunk, having an older evolutionary history than the extremities, is innervated by medially descending motor systems and extremity muscles by the more recent, laterally descending systems. Movements obviously require concerted actions from both systems. Research in rats has demonstrated the interdependencies between postural control and the development of fluent walking. Only 15 days after birth, adult-like fluent locomotion emerges and is critically dependent upon postural development. Vesttibular deprivation induces a retardation in postural development and, consequently, a retarded development of adult-like locomotion. The cerebellum obviously has an important role in mutual adjustments in postural control and extremity movements, or, in coupling the phyiogenetic older and newer structures. In the human, the cerebellum develops partly after birth and therefore is vulnerable to adverse perinatal influences. Such vulnerability seems to justify focusing our scientific research efforts onto the development of this structure.

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Fang, E., K. R. Evans, and T. D. Landry. "Control Systems' Effect on Attributional Processes and Sales Outcomes: A Cybernetic Information-Processing Perspective." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 33, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092070305275249.

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Lloret-Climent, Miguel, Andrés Montoyo, Yoan Gutierrez, Rafael Muñoz Guillena, and Kristian Alonso. "A systemic and cybernetic perspective on causality, big data and social networks in tourism." Kybernetes 48, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-02-2018-0084.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a mathematical model to determine invariant sets, set covering, orbits and, in particular, attractors in the set of tourism variables. Analysis was carried out based on an algorithm and applying an interpretation of chaos theory developed in the context of General Systems Theory and Big Data.Design/methodology/approachTourism is one of the most digitalized sectors of the economy, and social networks are an important source of data for information gathering. However, the high levels of redundant information on the Web and the appearance of contradictory opinions and facts produce undesirable effects that must be cross-checked against real data. This paper sets out the causal relationships associated with tourist flows to enable the formulation of appropriate strategies.FindingsThe results can be applied to numerous cases, for example, in the analysis of tourist flows, these findings can be used to determine whether the behaviour of certain groups affects that of other groups, as well as analysing tourist behaviour in terms of the most relevant variables.Originality/valueThe technique presented here breaks with the usual treatment of the tourism topics. Unlike statistical analyses that merely provide information on current data, the authors use orbit analysis to forecast, if attractors are found, the behaviour of tourist variables in the immediate future.

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Sántha, István, and Tatiana Safonova. "Being Local Outsiders: a Study of Chinese Ethos in East Siberia." Inner Asia 12, no. 2 (2010): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000010794983513.

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AbstractThis article is based on anthropological fieldwork conducted in East Siberia among local Chinese and Evenki people. Local Chinese people have a double perspective (that of locals, but at the same time that of foreigners), which helps them to establish both business and friendship relationships with Evenki, switching between flexible and long-term frames. a cybernetic approach derived from the work of Bateson enables us to analyse these relationships as manifestations of a self-regulating system of communication, and also allows us to re-examine Marshall Sahlins' concept of reciprocity.

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Fischer, Thomas, and Laurence D. Richards. "From Goal-Oriented to Constraint-Oriented Design: The Cybernetic Intersection of Design Theory and Systems Theory." Leonardo 50, no. 1 (February 2017): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00862.

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This article traces the changing notions of constraints in design and of systems since the mid-20th century in the intersection of design theory and systems theory. Taking a second-order cybernetic perspective, the article develops constraints as observer dependent and it analyzes conditions under which constraints tend to be beneficial or detrimental. Ethical implications of constraints in design processes are established with reference to system boundaries. Constraint-oriented design is discussed as an alternative to goal-oriented design, and a method called constraint reversal is introduced as a strategy of deliberate defiance of constraints to support design exploration.

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Brauckmann, Sabine. "Steps towards an ecology of cognition: A holistic essay." Sign Systems Studies 28 (December 31, 2000): 397–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2000.28.22.

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The essay infonns on Gregory Bateson's holistic approach towards an epistemic view of nature. The ecology of mind relies upon a biological holism serving as a methodic tool to explain living "phenomena", like, e.g., communication, learning, and cognition. Starting from the idea, the smallest unit of information, Bateson developed a type hierarchy of learning that is based on a cybernetic view of mind. The communication model focuses on paradoxa caused by false signification. It leads to a pathogenesis of sckizophrenia that is subsumed under the conception of double binds. This ecosystemic perspective of living processes representsa truly (w)holistic theory of nature.

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Macana, Carlos, Ahmed Abdou, Hemanshu Pota, Josep Guerrero, and Juan Vasquez. "Cyber Physical Energy Systems Modules for Power Sharing Controllers in Inverter Based Microgrids." Inventions 3, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions3030066.

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The Microgrids (MGs) are an effective way to deal with the smart grid challenges, including service continuity in the event of a grid interruption, and renewable energy integration. The MGs are compounded by multiple distributed generators (DGs), and the main control goals are load demand sharing and voltage and frequency stability. Important research has been reported to cope with the implementation challenges of the MGs including the power sharing control problem, where the use of cybernetic components such as virtual components, and communication systems is a common characteristic. The use of these cybernetic components to control complex physical systems generates new modeling challenges in order to achieve an adequate balance between complexity and accuracy in the MG model. The standardization problem of the cyber-physical MG models is addressed in this work, using a cyber-physical energy systems (CPES) modeling methodology to build integrated modules, and define the communication architectures that each power sharing control strategy requires in an AC-MG. Based on these modules, the control designer can identify the signals and components that eventually require a time delay analysis, communication requirements evaluation, and cyber-attacks’ prevention strategies. Similarly, the modules of each strategy allow for analyzing the potential advantages and drawbacks of each power sharing control technique from a cyber physical perspective.

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Bell, Heather C., and Sergio M. Pellis. "A cybernetic perspective on food protection in rats: simple rules can generate complex and adaptable behaviour." Animal Behaviour 82, no. 4 (October 2011): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.06.016.

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Ssorin-Chaikov, Nikolai. "The Black Box: Notes on the Anthropology of the Enemy." Inner Asia 10, no. 1 (2008): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000008793066821.

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AbstractThis article critically revisits the Foucauldian perspective on modernity by exploring the constitutive importance of limits of transparency in relations of power and knowledge. It differentiates between Foucault's Panopticon as a model for modernity, which posits a total visibility of subject under modern gaze, and what I call cybernetic ways of knowing that posit the 'black box' of the inner self that is blocked from visibility. The case in point is a comparative study of two anthropologies – two groups of anthropological cadres – the American anthropologists who in the 1940s were involved in emerging Soviet studies, and Soviet anthropologists of the 1920s and 1930s who took part in Soviet reforms. The article draws attention to similarities in their perspective of images and notions of the enemy: the 'enemy of the people' within Soviet society and the Soviet society as the West's Cold War enemy. In doing so, the aim of this article is to develop an ethnographic perspective on state socialism that does not depend on a foundational dualist distinction between 'Soviet' and 'Western' or 'socialist' and 'capitalist' modernity as a starting point.

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