Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cycle de vie d'une affaire'
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Lattanzio, Thierry. "Caractérisation des entreprises organisées en "gestion par affaire"." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002739.
Full textMULNET, DIDIER. "Cycle de vie et dynamique d'une population de leucorrhinia dubia en haute auvergne (france)." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066677.
Full textDuguay, Jérôme. "Intégration de l'analyse du cycle de vie dans la gestion d'une flotte de véhicules." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27641.
Full textThis thesis addresses issues related to the management of a fleet of vehicles. A structured approach integrating the analysis of fleet life cycle is proposed. Various factors and considerations for the requirements assessment are first introduced and used to determine the vehicles specifications and the fleet composition. For the vehicle acquisition process, an approach primarily driven by the life cycle cost analysis is used for the selection of vehicles. Several models are also proposed in order to optimize the exploitation, maintenance and development of a decision-making system for fleet renewal. Finally, for equipment that has reached its useful life, different disposition strategies are suggested in order to reduce environmental impacts. The contents of this thesis can be used by managers of small and large vehicle fleets as well as project managers who work in such field and that are interested in life cycle management of a vehicle fleet in a context of sustainable development. The suggested approach is further inspired by the public and para-public sector but can also be adapted and used in the private sector context. This thesis will allow managers to understand the different factors to take into consideration and the best tools to use for decision making, in order to optimize the various processes of life cycle management of a fleet of vehicles.
BIANCHI, CHRISTOPHE. "Modifications du cycle de vie commercial d'une molecule originale par la commercialisation de medicaments generiques." Reims, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REIMM036.
Full textClusel, Sophie. "Définition d'une démarche de réduction des vulnérabilités des TPE / PME fondée sur le cycle de vie." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00817925.
Full textFortin, Nicolas. "Conception d'outils logiciels d'aide à la décision appliqués au cycle de vie des anodes d'une aluminerie /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Montréal : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ; Université du Québec à Montréal, 2008. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textLa p. de t. porte en outre: Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en informatique. CaQQUQ Comprend des réf. bibliogr. (f. [178]-188). Publié aussi en version électronique. CaQQUQ
Laratte, Bertrand. "Evaluation dynamique et cumulative des impacts environnementaux dans le cadre d'une analyse de cycle de vie." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0033/document.
Full textEnvironmental impact assessment methods are now widely used in order to measure environmental impacts associated with human activities (for products, services, and systems). Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is without doubt the foremost assessment method. LCA is also often thought of as the more advanced one, despite serious limitations (e.g. LCA does not include properly economical or social dimensions). In this PhD report, I explore more specifically the issue of integrating time in both inventory models and impact assessments along the life-cycle. In the case of climate change, I offer an evolution of traditional LCA towards a framework that includes dynamic and cumulative aspects as expressed directly in CO2-equivalent. This approach, which is oriented towards reporting practices and/or public policies, is afterwards applied to three different case studies of growing complexity. The central hypothesis of this work is that switching from traditional to so-called “dynamic” LCA would allow for better results with regards to one reality of environmental processes
Garcia, Julien. "Développement d'une méthode d'évaluation de la performance environnementale des innovations incrémentales." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0004/document.
Full textSustainable development is the conceptualization of transition imposed from human society towards a sustainableway of development for the world to find a solution to the crisis of the Environment. In this regard, ecodesign isone of the solutions that the industrial and business world proposes to implement. It consists of taking into accountthe environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product (good or service) in the design of it. Integratingthe Environment dimension raises a triple complexity: (i) the one related to the multi-criteria nature of theEnvironment dimension, (ii) the one related to understanding the Environment dimension by actors designingproducts who may resist and be a barrier to successful integration, and (iii) the one related to process design andinnovation of a product, especially in the case of complex products. But despite the multitude of ecodesign toolsthat has been developed, few research topics are interested in taking into account both technical and organizationalaspects, while integrating environment in the innovation phase of a complex product. Therefore this thesis aims toexperiment, by a car manufacturer, an integration strategy of the environmental evaluation of incrementalinnovations, named E3PICS (Methodology of an Evolutive integration of the Evaluation of the EnvironmentalPerformances of Innovative Complex Sub-systems). Framed by constraints on the technical and organizationalconstraints, E3PICS strategy employs a progressive approach to integrate a scalable ecodesign repository inadvanced process engineering of innovative features that are connected to development projects vehicles. The firststep is the iterative design of the scalable ecodesign repository with the ecodesign team (in the EnvironmentDepartment) and innovation leaders, allowing cross learning. The second step is to accompany all the innovationleaders in the systematic use of the ecodesign repository. The third step is to develop an analytical tool for assessingthe impact of innovations on the recycling end of life vehicles. It requires the creation of models of vehicles tobypass the lack of data on the complete system under design and project impact. The fourth and final step is thedevelopment of a second analytical tool for assessing the impact of innovations on environmental performanceover the life cycle of vehicles. Similarly, the tool requires a method of developing environmental models ofvehicles; however, for environmental impacts calculated on the life cycle, unlike recyclability which is calculatedon the vehicle end of life, these models are based on the treatment by hierarchical clustering of vehicle life cycleassessment results . The experiments were performed at PSA Peugeot Citroen. The E3PICS strategy has helped tointegrate the processes of innovation using the eco-design repository and systematize its use in the context of asustainable continuous improvement of vehicle manufacturer
ELMOZNINO, HERVE. "Influence du cycle de vie individuel sur la dynamique spatiale d'une foret monospecifique. Analyse a travers un automate cellulaire." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5369.
Full textOuld, Ahmed Khalifa El Khalil. "Analyse du cycle de vie des systèmes (activités,produits,services) en interface économie-écologie : proposition d'une démarche empirique et itérative." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010076.
Full textRoure, Bastien. "Évaluation critique d'une méthodologie d'intégration transversale du développement durable : cas du baccalauréat en génie civil." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11897.
Full textLe, Van-Thao. "Proposition d'une stratégie soutenable pour donner une nouvelle vie à une pièce en s’appuyant sur les techniques de fabrication additive." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI038/document.
Full textCurrently, materials collected from end-of-life (EoL) products are recycled into raw material for reusing in a new production cycle. However, energy consumptions of recycling sectors remain important. The added values and energy used in the manufacture of original parts are also lost during the material recycling process. Nowadays, additive manufacturing techniques are sufficiently efficient and allow the manufacture of products with a material compatible with the use. Taking into account the performances of these techniques in a sustainable strategy can open the ways to modify parts and reuse them directly without returning to the raw material level. This thesis aims to develop a sustainable strategy, which allows giving a new life to an EoL part (or an existing part) by transforming it directly into a new part intended for another product. In order to develop such a strategy, the works of the thesis aims to solve the following scientific issues : the first scientific issue is related to the technological feasibility : is it possible to deposit material on an existing part using additive manufacturing technologies to obtain the new part with good material health ? This question is solved by carrying out an experimental study on the observation of microstructures and mechanical properties of the samples, which are manufactured by adding new features into an existing part in EBM. The second scientific issue is related to the study of the complete manufacturing chain from a technological point of view. How to design the process planning for additive and subtractive manufacturing combination to manufacture the expected part from the existing part ? To solve this question, a methodology to design the process planning for combining these manufacturing processes has been proposed based on the concept of additive manufacturing and machining features.The third scientific issue is linked to the sustainability and does the new strategy have advantages in comparison to the conventional strategy in terms of sustainability ? An approach based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method has also been developed to assess environmental impacts. The criteria for qualifying the domain of the proposed strategy vis-a-vis the conventional strategy were also identified
JORDANA, ESTHER. "Cycle de vie, repartition geographique, production et nutrition d'une espece actuellement en emergence dans le golfe du lion : l'annelide polychete ditrupa arietina." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066234.
Full textPradel, Marilys. "Proposition d'une méthode d'allocation par répartition paramètre-dépendant pour l'Analyse du Cycle de Vie des produits déchet-sourcés - Application aux fertilisants phosphatés boue-sourcés." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM032/document.
Full textHuman activities produce wastewater that generates sludge, a waste recycled on agricultural soils or for energy recovery. Extensive research is currently undergone on sludge to develop processes that can convert it into products with high-added value. In this context, sludge could move from a fatal waste status to the status of an expected co-product of wastewater treatment. This paradigm shift has implications for the assessment of environmental impacts of "sludge-based" materials with Life Cycle Assessment. Indeed, sludge becomes an expected co-product from the wastewater treatment plant and the environmental burden of their production must be distributed among co-products by means of an allocation factor. This thesis aims at defining a mathematical construction of this allocation factor by combining process- and product-related parameters, integrating de facto the causal relationships between process operations and products generation and the technological reality of the process. The result is a matrix of which each element associates, for each inventory data, an allocation factor to each of the generated co-products. Applied to the production of sludge-based phosphate fertilizers, LCA highlights the major contribution of the production stage compared to the stages of treatment and recovery of the sludge. Nevertheless, the method developed within this thesis to allocate an environmental load to each co-products of an indivisible production system paves the way for a more coherent environmental assessment of waste-based products. This methodology can also be used effectively in the environmental assessment of thermal, chemical or physical separation processes
Jaouen, Cédric, and Cédric Jaouen. "Méthodologie de dimensionnement sur cycle de vie d'une distribution en courant continu dans le bâtiment : applications aux câbles et convertisseurs statiques DC/DC." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752354.
Full textJulio, Remi. "Développement d'une méthode d'évaluation multi-indicateurs des systèmes agro-industriels, basée sur la pensée cycle de vie, pour une éco-conception des procédés de production." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0096/document.
Full textThe biorefinery concept, developed to face fossil resources dependence, aims to design a wide variety of products (biofuels, materials, chemicals ...) based on the development of renewable resources such as plant biomass. The establishment of biorefineries must be based on ecodesigned processes to optimize the environmental performance of the biomass processing chain. Nevertheless, eco-designing innovative processes can be complex due to multiple configurations and the lack of related specific and reliable data. Thereby, the aim of this research work is to develop a multi-indicator evaluation method for the eco-design of agro-industrial and biorefinery processes. The general approach is based on coupling Process Engineering and Life Cycle Assessment fields. Indeed, process modeling, based on mathematical or semi-empirical models (notably resulting from designs of experiments) and process simulation are applied to facilitate the life cycle inventory step by predicting detailed mass and energy balances. Then these data can be used to perform a prospective Life Cycle Assessment of the process. By iteration, it is possible perform data prediction and to test several operating conditions sets for the process, to enhance its environmental performance, by determining optimal operating conditions and by identifying the most environmentally friendly unit operations. The methodology and its associated tool have been tested on different biorefinery processes, involving various biomasses: micro-algae, wheat coproducts and wood
Mailhac, Adelaide. "Contribution au développement d'une méthodologie d'évaluation environnementale aux échelles urbaines." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0034.
Full textBuilding stock represents a major capital in economic, cultural and social terms. This stock to function, to renew itself and to grow consumes larges flows of energy and raw materials. At the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, governments around the world pledged to limit global warming below 2 ° C. The local translation of this commitment leads local councilors to make sustainable urban development and ecological transition two central elements of their urban planning policy. If the project of an independent discipline, which would aim to manage and produce building stocks in a scientific way, appears today unrealistic, it is because the production of these stocks is conditioned by values (economical, cultural, aesthetical...), and because it involves multiple actors and practices: urban planners, city councilors, design offices, users.... However, scientific knowledge and tools can provide valuable decision support to urban actors through the information they provide. The thesis presented here is a contribution to research in environmental assessment applied to cities
Lescasse, Rachel. "Etude par mRNA differential display de l'enkystement et de la vie kystique du cilié Sterkiella histriomuscorum : caractérisation d'une Ca++-ATPase et implication de l'ion calcium dans la signalisation du dékystement." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112068.
Full textThe encystment-excystment cycle of the ciliate Sterkiella histriomuscorum, triggered by food depletion, provides a good model to study cell differentiation within a single cell. Indeed, during encystment, extensive morphological changes occur leading to a highly dedifferentiated, encysted cell. The search for differentially expressed genes during the encystment and the cystic life has been undertaken by mRNM differential display. This study showed that encystement and cyst maturation are associated with the accumulation of a pool of transcripts, probably translated latter during the excystment. Among those genes, one encodes a type IIB Ca++-ATPase. These proteins, implied in the calcium homeostasis control, can be located in the plasma membrane or in intracellular organelles that sequester calcium. Specific antibody against this protein and complementation of differents yeast mutants, currently investigated, will help us to determine the precise cellular location and function of this Ca++-ATPase. We have also demonstrated that an artificial increase in the intracellular calcium concentration within cysts induces the excystment process, even in the absence of any natural stimuli, strongly suggesting an implication of calcium ions as second messenger during excystment. Preliminary experiments allowing the visualization of a transitory increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration using a fluorescent dye are described. We finally propose a model concerning the mecanisms triggering dormancy exit in unicellular organisms, based on what happens during pluricellular organisms fertilization. Besides, a compilation of many S. Histriomuscorum genes, in addition to the 4 recently caracterized, increases our knowledge on macronuclear genes structure and chromosomal DNA genomic organization in this organism
Salazar, Claudia Chevalier Jean Rousseaux Patrick. "Elaboration d'une méthode de prévision du gisement des déchets générés par le cycle de vie des bâtiments amélioration de la traçabilité des composants du bâtiment /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=salazar.
Full textSalazar, Claudia. "Elaboration d'une méthode de prévision du gisement des déchets générés par le cycle de vie des bâtiments : amélioration de la traçabilité des composants du bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0101/these.pdf.
Full textNowadays, the great amount of resources consumed by the building sector, the great quantity of Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) and their less than optimal management are major problems at a worldwide level. For instance, in Europe, only 25% of the 180Mt of C&DW estimated per annum are recycled (despite its major recycling potential). The remaining 75% are landfilled (in some cases illegally). In order to improve the management of C&DW, it is necessary to know the current and future quantities and characteristics of the C&DW that is generated, as well as their period and location of generation. Unfortunately, at the moment, these flows are poorly known. Consequently, it is difficult to implement an environmentally sound and optimal management while abiding by regulations. Bearing this in mind, our contribution to the improvement of the knowledge about these flows could be summarized as follows: - Establishment of the state of the art of the current sources of information about these flows; -Proposition of a new method, called ELDORADO, which allow the traceability of buildings components and provides a long term forecasting of C&DW. The forecasting is done both, at a micro level and at a macro level. The micro level corresponds to the forecasting of the C&DW for a building. The macro level concerns a set of buildings. This forecasting is made from the construction of the building until the end of its service life. In contrast with other researches, the description of the materials flows is given by addressing not only quantities but also relevant technical characteristics, period and location. Both levels of the method are based on the acquisition of data about the components that go into the building (by establishing their traceability) and on a static and a behavioural building model. This model allows the simulation of the possible evolution of the building as well as the generation of C&DW. The simulation of the building evolution is based on scenarios proposed by the users of the method. - The application of this method is tested partially on 4 real cases and fully tested on one building. The latter has allowed to: - note the importance of maintaining information about the flows inside buildings (traceability); -establish the need of the implementation of a software tool for applying the method and introducing the Industry Foundation Classes in this software; -identify the strong and weak points of the building models proposed for the application of the method. -Additionally, in this document we discuss the present difficulties related to the implementation of the method, the necessary tools that should be created and the prospects of our work
Ben, Ayed Ramzi. "Eco-conception d'une chaine de traction ferroviaire." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772267.
Full textDiagne, Ndeye Wemsy. "Le nettoyage : une étape-clef pour une production durable par procédé à membrane : réflexion sur le lien entre conditions de production et nettoyabilité d'une membrane PES de l'industrie laitière." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019725.
Full textEscarre, Blanch Josep. "Biologie des populations de Rumex acetosella L. : évolution des stratégies démographiques le long d'une succession post-culturale." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112402.
Full textEl, Bouazzaoui Ibtissam. "L'EMPREINTE ECOLOGIQUE : Proposition d'un modèle synthétique de représentation des empreintes à l'échelle " Micro " d'une organisation ou d'un projet." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776465.
Full textBouzaïene-Marle, Leïla. "AVISE, anticipation du vieillisssement par interrogation et simulation d'experts : application à un matériel passif d'une centrale nucléaire : le pressuriseur." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271619.
Full textLeroy, Yann. "Développement d'une méthodologie de fiabilisation des prises de décisions environnementales dans le cadre d'analyses de cycle de vie basée sur l'analyse et la gestion des incertitudes sur les données d'inventaires." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005830.
Full textGicquiaud, Julien. "Activation électrophile des alcynes vis-à-vis de l'attaque de nucléophiles carbonés catalysée par les acides de Bronsted : éco-conception et analyse du cycle de vie d'une nouvelle voie catalytique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0446.
Full textThis manuscript presents a study of cycloisomerization reactions, in accordance with the principles of green chemistry, based on the electrophilic activation of alkynes in the presence of achiral and chiral Brønsted acids via the formation of vinyl cation intermediates and the attack of the latter by carbon nucleophiles. The use of a catalytic amount of Brønsted acid with 2-alkynylbiaryl substrates delivered phenanthrene derivatives in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. High catalytic activities, along with differences of chemo- and regioselectivity were observed when comparing to carbophilic metallic Lewis acid catalysts.The use of a directing group substituting the alkyne function, the 2-naphtholyle moiety, resulted in increased basicity of the alkyne, increased regioselectivity of the protonation step and the creation of hydrogen bonding with the catalyst, paving the way for the development of an asymmetric version of cycloisomerization reactions. In the presence of chiral Brønsted acids, such as N-triflylphosphoramides, the enantioselective synthesis of atropisomeric phenanthrenes was achieved with excellent yields and good enantiomeric excesses. An intermolecular reaction of hydroarylation of alkynes in the presence of the same catalysts delivered atropisomeric alkenes in excellent yields and enantioselectivities.The use of a directing group on the alkyne also allowed for the first time the development of Brønsted acid-catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization reactions involving the initial, selective protonation of the alkyne function. A variety of polycyclic scaffolds were obtained by this methodology with high yields and moderate enantioselectivities.The cycloisomerization catalytic reaction is known to chemists as a model reaction respecting several principles of green chemistry such as atomic economy, waste limitation and the principle of catalysis.However, no quantitative evidence is provided by chemists to promote the sustainability of the methodologies developed in their laboratories. Several monocriteria parameters and multi-criteria methods have been developed to try to address this environmental quantification issue. However, the interest in developing new catalytic systems should be associated with the development of more environmentally efficient processes in addition to knowing if it is more chemically efficient.Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the standardized reference method for quantifying the environmental impacts (e. g. climate change, toxicity, resource use) of a product over its life cycle. LCA has already been applied to green chemistry developments to compare the durability of chemical reactions, or for eco-design applications. However, it is not trivial to use LCA at the laboratory scale because it requires (i) data that are difficult for the chemist to access (ii) additional modeling steps to estimate potential impacts at the industrial scale (iii) requires the expertise of a LCA practitioner. [...]
Millet, Dominique. "Prise en compte de l'environnement en conception : proposition d'une demarche d'aide a la conception permettant de limiter les ponctions et rejets engendres par le produit sur son cycle de vie." Paris, ENSAM, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENAM0018.
Full textLaurent, Faustine. "Évaluation des performances environnementales de l'insertion d'une filière de méthanisation centralisée au sein d'un territoire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S022/document.
Full textIn France, the rapid development of anaerobic digestion (a process used to generate renewable energy by breaking down organic residues) has led to the environmental relevance of this solution being questioned. It is particularly worthwhile evaluating inasmuch as development of the sector forms part of national climate and energy plans. Centralised anaerobic digestion also fits in profitably with various industrial ecology approaches, with the multifunctionality of the process constituting a substantial asset in that it favours circular flows of materials and energy. However, this multifunctionality also represents the main source of the methodological difficulties encountered in the evaluation of the environmental performance of anaerobic digestion systems. Resolving this, i.e. defining the main function of a system, requires the environmental evaluation method to be contextualised. For life cycle assessment (LCA), this contextualisation emerges as being appropriate to the first stage of the methodology. This thesis puts forward a conceptual framework, aimed at defining anaerobic digestion scenarios that are consistent with the particularities of the territory in which they are located. To do this, a territorial systemic approach, involving geographic information systems (GIS) and object-oriented modelling, was developed. The approach has resulted in a spatial model for territorial location of a centralised anaerobic digestion solution, incorporating all its component parts, networks and variables. The systemic approach was followed by a phase of functional and spatial optimisation involving three successive sets of indicators, enabling the following to be defined: (i) the main function to be played by an anaerobic digestion system within the territory studied, (ii) the possible configurations of an anaerobic digestion system capable of fulfilling this main function and (iii) the preferential zones for locating the scenarios envisaged. This methodology, designed to be transposable to any territory within France, forms part of the first two LCA stages, i.e. definition of objectives and life cycle inventory. In order to validate the applicability of the method developed, the territorial systemic approach was applied to two different territories. These case studies highlight the links between specific territorial characteristics and the design of the local solution. The influence of the main function selected for an anaerobic digestion system on the performance and results of the LCA was also studied for one of these territories. The most noteworthy differences relate to substitution, highlighting the importance of developing anaerobic digestion as a priority when the local context makes it possible for the multiple functions of the solution to replace existing sectors with particularly harmful effects on the environment
Yao, Kouadio Assemien François. "Développement d'une méthodologie pour une meilleure évaluation des impacts environnementaux de l'industrie extractive." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG001/document.
Full textAn increasing demand of mineral resources is associated with modern society development. In parallel, mining projects face strong oppositions both from public and from environment protection agencies, due to the potential impacts associated with ore extraction. In order to conciliate the needs of producing raw materials and of taking into account the preservation of the quality of the environment, it is necessary to assess the environmental impact previous to the start of the mining activities. The Environmental Impact Assessment procedure helps to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of a project. Although Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure is mandatory, the regulations do not impose any impact assessment method. Thus, EIA practitioners are free to use the method that suits them and their own expertise to estimate the environmental impacts of a project. The main purpose of this work is to propose a method to more effectively evaluate the environmental impacts of the mining industry. To achieve this, two approaches have been explored: the Mining Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology (MEIAM) developed in this thesis and the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a standardized methodology. MEIAM is based on the risk analysis approach and makes it possible to evaluate the impacts taking into account the climatic and geological conditions and the initial state of the zone. LCA is a standardized technique that assesses the impacts produced on the site and those generated off-site but whose generating activities are related to the system studied. These methods were implemented on a gold mine in Côte d’Ivoire.MEIAM, taking into account the particular characteristics of the study area, showed high impact results for both surface water and groundwater pollution, mainly at the operation and post-closure stages. This study has also shown that pollution sources with high level impacts include tailings, soils previously contaminated by dust fallout and mining works. Regarding the LCA, which is in essence an overall method, it has made it possible to highlight quite significant off-site impacts. For on-site effects, the study showed that the impacts on human health are mainly due to metal emissions from operation activities (ore processing and tailings management as well as blasting). Finally, our work showed that all the impacts were better taken into account by a combination of MEIAM and LCA in the EIA procedures
Bouzaiene-Marle, Leïla. "AVISE, une démarche d'Anticipation du Vieillissement par Interrogation et Stimulation d'Experts, application à un matériel passif d'une centrale nucléaire : le pressuriseur." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271619.
Full textKeinj, Roukaya. "Modélisation de la croissance d'une tumeur après traitement par radiothérapie." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671961.
Full textRomani, Zaid. "Développement d'une méthode d'aide à la décision multicritère pour la conception des bâtiments neufs et la réhabilitation des bâtiments existants à haute efficacité énergétique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS034/document.
Full textThe building sector is the largest consumer of energy in the world. In Mediterranean region, facing the economic crisis and commitments for climate change, the reduction of energy consumption for both new and existing buildings is more necessary. Against this background, seeking optimal technical solutions taking into account the economic, environmental and societal criteria is a very complex problem due to the high number of parameters to consider. In order to solve this problem, a state of the art of multi-criteria optimization method has been achieved. We found that many constraints exist when using these methods such as high time calculation and no absolute assurance to find the global optimum. Thus, the main objective of the present work is to propose a new method that allows overcome these difficulties. This method is based on the development of polynomial models for the prediction of heating energy needs, cooling energy needs, final energy needs and summer thermal comfort. To establish these models, we used the design of experiments method and dynamic thermal simulations using TRNSYS software. From these models, a sensitivity analysis has been achieved in order to identify the leading parameters on energy requirements and thermal comfort in summer. A database associating each parameter for its cost and environmental impact on its lifetime was generated from CYPE software and INIES database. Then, a detailed parametric study was performed using polynomial functions for determining a set of optimal solutions using the Pareto front approach. This new method was applied to design new buildings with high energy efficiency at controlled costs for the six Moroccan climate zones. The validation of polynomial models through a comparison with random simulations gave very satisfactory results. With a polynomial model of the second order, the maximum error on the energy needs and the adaptive thermal comfort did not exceed 2 kWh/m².an and 9% respectively. The developed models were used for multiple-criteria decision analysis. The results showed that buildings with very low energy needs can be built with a reasonable cost. On the other hand an effort should be focused on more efficient solutions for adaptive thermal comfort in summer especially for Marrakech and Errachidia. Finally, we also implemented our method to a project of energy rehabilitation of an existing building located in La Rochelle (France). Environmental criteria were also taken into account in the optimization process. The selected technical solutions procured approximately 15 kWh/m².year of heating energy needs. The developed multicriteria decision method showed a great potential for both designing new and existing buildings with high energy efficiency. It allows a very fast operational optimization of sustainable buildings at reasonable cost and low energy consumption
Popoff, Alexandre. "Vers une meilleure prise en compte des utilisateurs en écoconception : Propositions d'éléments méthodologiques pour l'enrichissement d'une démarche d'optimisation amont." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0020/document.
Full textThe goal of the thesis is the development of an ecodesign-aid methodology for the multi criteria optimization of a product’s life cycle. The first axis is focused on the use phase. It aims at understanding how a variety of user sis going to use the same product in a variety of diverse ways and how these differences are going to impact negatively or positively the performances of the porduct’s life cyle. The second axis aims at developing a life cycle modelisation method focused on realism and pertinence. It is centered around a crucial problem of every optimization exercice: the definition of the optimization objective that will guide the whole optimization process. Here is proposed the use of a technique for the identification and the quantification of the customers needs. These characterized needs are then used to define an optimization objective that favors the solutions which best respect the customer’s demands. The third axis widen the scope of the product’s model to include design alternatives. The goal is to better the life cycle performances through simultaneous design optimization and design alternatives selection
Bensbaa, Abderrezak. ""Plan de gestion global d'un projet de conception et d'édification d'une entreprise industrielle, œuvrant dans le cadre de la logistique inverse" : étude de cas : recyclage et pré-valorisation des pneus en fin de vie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21196.
Full textBaczkowski, Mylène. "Amélioration du processus de déploiement d'une solution PLM par l'utilisation de cartes heuristiques et de persona : cas LASCOM." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14714/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns research on PLM tools. We especially focus here on improvement of the deployment process of PLM tools in enterprises. We develop a methodology to help PLM software developers to design and deploy a PLM solution among their customers. Our proposition, centered on final users of PLM solution, is build around two unusual tools for enterprise modeling: mind map and persona. Mind map is used as a communication element between developer and customer during the entire project. Mind map is a common support to exchange data and encourage reflection. It offers a new dynamic and a new dimension in the definition of the PLM solution for customer and developer since it makes easier description of customer’s organization and process. We enrich our proposition with persona. Persona completes mind map and permits an easier identification of users’ needs. Such a tool allows us to be more efficient on accompaniment and implication of customer and users. Mind map is a unique support for software developer and customer to follow life cycle of the software. It is based on a top-down approach. Persona is centered on users in the company and on their environment. It is a bottom-up approach. Association of these tools allows us obtaining a double exploration of the system that provides a new dimension in enterprise modeling with a view to software deployment. This proposition increase pertinence and quality of the users’ needs analysis and of customer organization modeling. As a consequence it also improves design and deployment of the PLM solution which is closed to the users’ needs and well adapted to the company’s organization and processes
Plo, Laureline. "Proposition d'une démarche de déploiement d’une solution PLM dans des entreprises "libérées" : cas du biscuitier POULT." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0111/document.
Full textDeployment of a PLM solution in companies of the agri-food sector improves management of their products and projects of development. However, this type of project remains structuring for the organizations and can sometimes be badly perceived in a freedom-form company, with the non-hierarchized organizational structure and with actors feel to have a great autonomy in their activities. This thesis presents an approach to support PLM solution deployment projects in such companies. After describing all the phases and activities of our approach, we highlight the importance of the human relationship, the exchange and the "explanation" with all the actors from the start of the deployment project to favor acceptance of the PLM software tool. This leads us to evolve traditional deployment approaches, especially during the analysis of needs phase prior to the implementation of a PLM solution. Our contribution is placed in a dynamic of research of improvement of process, product and organization models to implement a PLM in a freedom-form company. This approach was built and implemented as part of a collaboration with the Poult biscuit industrial group, results of this real case study are also presented in this manuscript
Berrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
Full textFortin, Nicolas. "Conception d'outils logiciels d'aide à la décision appliqués au cycle de vie des anodes d'une aluminerie." Thèse, 2008. http://constellation.uqac.ca/328/1/030075760.pdf.
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