Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cycle de vie du projet'
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Missaoui-Lourimi, Imen. "Caractéristiques des déterminants de performance : analyse en terme de cycle de vie de projets (SI)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA111002.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the analysis of the performance during the life cycle of information system (IS) projects that requires change and transformation of the firm in evolutive contexts (economic, organizational, social). Our objective is to understand the process of establishment of IS projects and to identify the determinants of performance in the different phases of this process. We consider that the process of implementation is composed of three phases : starting, implementation and generalization. The theoretical framework mobilised is the Resource Based View (RBV) which underlining the role and the articulation of the resources especially through their complementarities for the determination of IS project performance. Based on qualitative and inductive research, we realized 28 semi-directive interviews in ten large French firms. The idea which is defended in this thesis is that the performance of IS project does not depend exclusively from the technological characteristics of a new information system but more widely on the context and environment in which they are established. We demonstrated that performance is function of the capacity to take into account a larger scope of determinants (financial rentability, organizational, managerial, human and social, technical and functional, strategic) identified in this thesis with different levels of importance according to the phase of project. The capacity of the firms to take into account a multidimensional nature of determinants of performance in the different phases of IS project is also likely to explain differences in performance levels
El, Bouazzaoui Ibtissam. "L'EMPREINTE ECOLOGIQUE : Proposition d'un modèle synthétique de représentation des empreintes à l'échelle " Micro " d'une organisation ou d'un projet." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776465.
Full textCherqui, Frédéric. "Méthodologie d'évaluation d'un projet d'aménagement durable d'un quartier - méthode ADEQUA." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012089.
Full textMequignon, Marc-André. "Comment la durée de vie des bâtiments peut-elle influencer les performances en termes de développement soutenable?" Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0032/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to highlight the importance of the lifespan of the buildingand its components and and as well as to see it in the light of constraints imposed bysustainable development criterias. The focuse of our paper is to characterize the behavior inthis approach, namely environmental, economic and social features.After presenting and analyzing the state of art concerning the lifespan of the building andapproach the building in terms of sustainable development, we characterize the impact of theformer on the latter. Our method is based on two objects of study :- The first is a wall unit outside. This allows us to define precisely the function of useand the technical solutions more specifically for this function;- The second study is a housing-type building. This method is based on that of the wallunit, but we can check behaviour of each technical solutions in the use stage. Thus, we caneasily produce results commensurate.The first approach involves assumptions of lifetimes of technical solutions with which wemake the simulations. In a second step, the analysis takes into account the lifespan as avariable and we analyze the consequences in terms of sustainable development.To promote the exploitation of knowledge produced and to situate them within theproject approach, we propose a schematic modification of current tools for assessingperformance
Hilléreau, Maël. "Vers une CAO guidée par la connaissance des fabricants." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000859.pdf.
Full textSince about fifteen years, more and more firms tend to switch from sequential process management modes to a concurrent and distributed management. These organizational evolutions induce logically the need for adapting tools and methods of work in order to better manage the product lifecycle (PLM concept). Within the framework of this thesis, we are interested in the issue of interoperability of manufacturing knowledge with the product design activity. This is in line with an approach of design for manufacturability. Numerous design for manufacturability tools are already available, but they are not generic enough, and they lay on tightly coupling domains. This proposition consists in modelling manufacturing knowledge as rules, and to use and reuse this know-how through synthetic design approach of the DIJA project. The choosen principle consists in assisting, guiding and making aware the designer during design, by observing influence of his/her acts over manufacturing possibilities and conditions, while respecting confidentiality. Implementation of this approach brings into play a generic state notion, as well as two kinds of graphs which support user interactions and rules management. Thus, we study evolution of knowledge implied during design tools use, which results into transformation of the graphs. A prototype implementing this approach allowed to validate the fundamental concepts
Velloso, Rodrigues Karina. "Essai de modélisation du processus d’innovation des biens d’équipement : le cas d’un produit de haute technologie à long cycle de vie : application aux moteurs électriques dans un groupe industriel international." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL015N/document.
Full textMastering the innovation process is a critical and major issue for a wide range of companies in this rapidly changing world. Especially in the capital goods industries where the design and development process is very long, complex and involves many different departments working under severe constraints (limited financial and technological resources, time, standards and rules to follow, etc). Innovation in these industries is no longer casual, but it has became a pivotal activity of the company. Thus, new product development activity is organized into "innovation projects". From observations of the innovative projects driver within a large industrial group called Converteam, this thesis proposes a method for classifying and segmenting capital goods innovation projects. In order to develop this classification method, an observation methodology for data collection has been developed. The experimental procedure was performed in six innovation projects developed at Converteam. We started by analysing the evolution and dynamics of the electric motors technology. Then, we analyzed the literature in order to find the inputs and outputs needed to develop a classification of innovation projects. The study of these elements resulted in a classification method that takes into account the marketing and technological aspects and the company expectations to classify projects into three categories: differentiation, neutralization and optimization. This method was tested on six innovative projects that allowed us to identify good practices for each project category
Cluzel, François. "Mise en oeuvre de l'éco-conception pour des systèmes industriels complexes : de l'ACV par scénarios à la définition d'un portefeuille de projets de R&D éco-innovants." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECAP0037/document.
Full textFace to the growing awareness of environmental concerns issued from human activities, eco-design aims at offering a satisfying answer in the products and services development field. However when the considered products become complex industrial systems, there is a lack of adapted methodologies and tools. These systems are among others characterised by a large number of components and subsystems, an extremely long and uncertain life cycle, or complex interactions with their geographical and industrial environment. This change of scale actually brings different constraints, as well in the evaluation of environmental impacts generated all along the system life cycle (data management and quality, detail level according to available resources…) as in the identification of adapted answers (management of multidisciplinary aspects and available resources, players training, inclusion in an upstream R&D context…). So this dissertation aims at developing a methodology to implement ecodesign of complex industrial systems. A general methodology is first proposed, based on a DMAIC process (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control). This methodology allows defining in a structured way the framework (objectives, resources, perimeter, phasing…) and rigorously supporting the ecodesign approach applied on the system. A first step of environmental evaluation based on Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is thus performed at a high systemic level. Given the complexity of the system life cycle as well as the exploitation variability that may exist from one site to another, a scenario-based approach is proposed to quickly consider the space of possible environmental impacts. Scenarios of exploitation are defined thanks to the SRI (Stanford Research Institute) matrix and they include numerous elements that are rarely considered in LCA, like preventive and corrective maintenance, subsystems upgrading or lifetime modulation according to the economic context. At the conclusion of this LCA the main impacting elements of the system life cycle are known and they permit to initiate the second step of the eco-design approach centred on environmental improvement. A multidisciplinary working group perform a creativity session centred on the eco-design strategy wheel (or Brezet wheel), a resource-efficient eco-innovation tool that requires only a basic environmental knowledge. Ideas generated during creativity are then analysed through three successive filters allowing: (1) to pre-select and to refine the best projects; (2) to build a R&D projects portfolio thanks to a multi-criteria approach assessing not only their environmental performance, but also their technical, economic and customers’ value creation performance; (3) to control the portfolio balance according to the company strategy and the projects diversity (short/middle/long term aspect, systemic level…). All this work was applied and validated at Alstom Grid on electrical conversion substations used in the primary aluminium industry. The methodology deployment has allowed initiating a robust eco-design approach recognized by the company and finally generating a portfolio composed of 9 eco-innovative R&D projects that will be started in the coming months
Botero, Lopez Juan Diego. "Gestion des risques par retour d'expérience dans le processus de réponse à appel d'offres." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0090/document.
Full textCall for tenders is a procedure that allows a client company to choose the provider of works, supplies or services. This practice is essential for almost all industry sectors and is based on the competition of potential providers according to a client request. Each bidder commits ressources and time to develop proposals that will not always be accepted. Bidding Process (BP) is highly constrained because, to be accepted, proposals must meet the client requirements while remaining economically viable for the provider. BP is a risky practice. In general, the first risk level is related to the choice of not responding to a call for tenders whereas it was an opportunity (i.e. an interesting project on technical and/or economic terms). Then, if the decision was to respond, a second risk level is not to be accepted by the client; finally, when the tender is accepted, a third risk level is related to the proposal realization potential problems. Indeed, if the related offer was poorly developed, due to an incorrect assessment by the bidder of the difficulties of the underlying realization, the bidder can be engaged in a very penalizing process (overruns, non-compliance of technical requirements, non-compliance of deadlines...). In order to minimize these risks, an improvement of BP has been proposed by setting up an instrumentation reinforcing this process and by the definition of a methodology for its appropriate management. The objective is therefore to provide to the bidder decision support tools to detect, report and minimize potential risks. The approach consists in the integration to the BP of an experience feedback system involving past bidding processes and associated development cycles, coupled with a structured approach of risk management to provide to the bidder the necessary support for the development of a "robust" response to new calls for tenders. This proposed bidder decision support system instrumentation and the associated management process establish the basis of the BiPRiM methodology (Bidding Process Risk Management) that was developed. In this development, a practical implementation of risk models and BP experiences has been developed. It rests upon the mechanisms of acquisition, processing and exploitation of the underlying experience feedback system in order to conduct the risk management process in the BP while broadening the associated decision-making process
Bougaa, Mohammed. "Une approche basée sur les processus et dirigée par les compétences pour l'éducation en ingenierie des systèmes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC050/document.
Full textThis thesis surveys the current practices and advancements in SE education. We ended up proposing a novel solution for SE education (an approach with its supporting web-based platform). The proposed approach is based on the recommendations of academic and industrial communities. It is centered around the use of SE standardized processes and at the same time very adaptive, with learning scenarios that can be driven by the acquired or to-be-taught SE competencies. The proposed solution is a web based platform that has been developed to support this novel approach within a distant Project Based Learning (PBL) environment. The solution aims to ease the learning at the same time of fundamental principles and processes of systems engineering, along with communication, team management, collaboration, and related soft skills. On the other hand, educators will be able to better manage their learning scenarios, training resources, and the expected outcomes. Last, educators and students' organizations using this solution will be able to manage and normalize the competencies to be acquired by their future systems engineers at every level
Lotteau, Marc. "Développement d’une approche d’intégration des questions de morphologie urbaine dans l’évaluation environnementale des projets d’aménagement à l’échelle du quartier basée sur l’analyse de cycle de vie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0685/document.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the environmental assessment of urban development projects in the upstream design phase. It focuses on integrating urban morphology issues with life cycle analysis (LCA) applied to the built environment at the neighborhood scale. The energy performance of buildings is partly determined by design choices relating to the urban form and its interactions with climate. The objective of this thesis is to provide to the design teams a way to take into account the influence of the urban form on the energy potentials of a neighborhood with a life cycle perspective.A preliminary study was conducted on two neighborhoods to detail the influence of the urban form on their energy potentials. An approach to modeling the embodied energy and embodied carbon of buildings is proposed. A sensitivity analysis and a contribution analysis of this model are performed on two generic building shapes. The results demonstrate the key influence of the shape of the buildings and a very strong link between the embodied energy and the building’s compactness. An approach to assessing the passive heating potential and passive summer comfort potential at the neighborhood scale is also developed. It is based on the transformation of a neighborhood in an equivalent urban form (regular array of block buildings), and on the application of metamodels of a thermal simulation engine. The method is tested and discussed on a corpus of 45 case studies. These methodological developments are intended to be integrated into an existing tool for neighborhood LCA (NEST)
Bensbaa, Abderrezak. ""Plan de gestion global d'un projet de conception et d'édification d'une entreprise industrielle, œuvrant dans le cadre de la logistique inverse" : étude de cas : recyclage et pré-valorisation des pneus en fin de vie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21196.
Full textLeleu-Merviel, Sylvie. "La scénistique: méthodologie pour la conception de documents en media multiples suivant une approche qualité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660099.
Full textSaksrisathaporn, Krittiya. "A multi-criteria decision support system using knowledge management and project life cycle approach : application to humanitarian supply chain management." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22016/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of HOLC in context of the HSCM and to propose a decision model which applies to the phases of HOLC the decision making regarding a real situation . This include the implementation of the proposed model to design and develop a decision support tool in order to improve the performance of humanitarian logistics in both national and international relief operations.This research is divided into three phases; the first phase is to clarify and define HL among HSCM, commercial supply chain management (CSCM) and SCM and their relationship. Project Life Cycle Management (PLCM) approaches are also presented. The difference between project life cycle management (PLM) and PLCM is also required to distinguish a clear understanding which can be addressed in the phase of humanitarian operation life cycle. Additionally, the literature of Multiple-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models and existing decision aid system for HL are analyzed to establish the research gap. The MCDM approaches which implement the decision support system (DSS) and lastly how DSS has been used in the HSCM context.The second phase is to propose a decision model based on MCDM approaches to support the decision of the decision maker before he/she takes action. This model provides the ranking alternatives to warehouse, supplier and transportation over the phases of HOLC. The proposed decision model is conducted in 3 scenarios; I. The decision in 4-phase HOLC, international relief operation of French Red Cross (FRC). II. The decision on 3-phase HOLC, national operation by the Thai Red Cross (TRC). III. The decision on response phase HOLC, international operation by the FRC in four countries. In this phase, the scenario I and II are performed step by step though numerical calculation and mathematical formulas. The scenario III will be presented in the third phase.In the third phase, an application of web-based multi-criteria decision support system (WB-MCDSS) which implement the proposed model is developed. The web-based multi-criteria decision support system is developed based on the integration of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS approaches. In order to achieve an appropriate decision in a real time response, the WB-MCDSS is developed based on server-client protocol and is simple to operate. Last but not least, a validation application of the model is performed using the sensitivity analysis approach
Janin, Marc. "Démarche d'éco-conception en entreprise. Un enjeu : construire la cohérence entre outils et processus." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005632.
Full textL'objectif principal de ces travaux était donc d'aider à construire la cohérence entre un processus de
conception et des outils à disposition des équipes. Il s'est agi de : comprendre les diverses acceptions
possibles de cette nouvelle forme de conception, identifier les principaux enjeux qu'elle représente pour une entreprise, observer les modes d'organisation au sein de sociétés pionnières dans ce domaine et
rechercher les outils disponibles. Après proposition d'un modèle de processus d'éco-conception où il importe d'insérer les questions d'environnement dans une démarche de conception "classique", nous nous sommes attelés à la classification, la description et la critique de divers outils du panel actuellement à disposition des équipes. Nous avons ainsi identifié deux grandes catégories : certains, dits d'évaluation environnementale(qualitative ou quantitative), et d'autres, dits d'amélioration, permettant aux équipes d'avancer dans la recherche de nouvelles solutions d'éco-conception. D'autres outils encore existent en matière de sensibilisation, de communication et de choix de stratégies. Chacun d'eux devra être employé par un utilisateur approprié, disposant des connaissances requises, des moyens d'exploiter les résultats obtenus, et ce, durant certaines phases pertinentes du processus de conception. Une étude de terrain chez Philips a permis de constater que la mise à l'épreuve d'un outil d'évaluation environnementale est compromise si les enjeux demeurent incompris et les résultats inexploitables par l'équipe projet. A partir d'un engagement fort de la direction, les équipes ont besoin d'apprendre progressivement pour s'approprier une nouvelle démarche ; au cours de celle-ci, elles pourront utiliser des outils simples, pragmatiques, qu'elles sauront exploiter pour progresser et s'améliorer.
Hoarau, Christelle. "Contribution à l’analyse de la qualité environnementale d’un projet d’aménagement périurbain/rural en milieu tropical : méthodes et outils d’aide à la décision." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0042/document.
Full textSignificant industrial development, strong population growth, intensive urbanization,expansion of road, air and sea transports are all factors that contribute to the exhaustion of natural resources, land and climate change. The combination of the 3 strategic pillars of sustainable development : environment, economy and social, in the deployment of complementary policies contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and environmental impacts.The standardization of the sustainable development principles is difficult to implement. It depends on the context of a the studied country or territory. The ecological and energy transition requires a eco-mangement frame of reference adapted to the specificities and stakes of the concerned territories. This work contributes to the development of a surburban site in a tropical islandenvironment, around activities in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. In this context, several analysis tools have been developed to meet the requirements of an eco-management scheme, including technical and environmental analyzes and the overall evaluation of an eco-management scheme. These tools provide local and regional actors to analyze the environmental impacts of a project and to evaluate different development alternatives. In addition to the decision-supporttools, a methodological approach is proposed in this thesis, based on the systemic and typological approaches and the ISO 14044 normative framework relating to Life Cycle Assessment
Dupuy, Claire. "Pratiques d'enseignement et pratiques collectives d'élaboration d'un projet "vie scolaire"." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20113/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the links between teaching practices and collective practices of teachers within the institution when developing a "school life" project. We conducted this work as part of a research-action responding to a social demand, and thus accompanied and led the field actors in the elaboration of the project. In this context, we explain the meeting of social sphere and an academic sphere. For the latter, involving an approach that does not dominate the social structures nor the actors, we propose an interpretative balance between teaching practices and the impact of their contexts. Teaching practices are envisaged in incidents related to the order in class and collective practices during the development of the "school life" project. We propose that teaching practices vary depending on collective project development phases and the participation of teachers in different working groups. For testing, we used on one hand a methodology of "narrative practices" based on the narration of incidents by both the teacher and the researcher and on the other hand a "strategic analysis " of the action of the working groups. The results show that the practices of outcome of pedagogical incident (DIP) vary according to the membership of teachers in project development working groups, but do not depend solely on them. The identifiable differences arise more from other factors, rather than teachers' participation in the development of the project. Furthermore, we update a distribution of the teachers’ power to act between teaching practices and collective practices; a strong investment in one is accompanied by a diminished on the other
Månström, Anders, and Magnus Lindbäck. "Projektimplementering : En processorientering för att identifiera kritiska framgångsfaktorer vid implementering av projekt." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8890.
Full textSammandrag
Denna studie tar upp problematiken vid införande av administrativa stödprojekt vid Uppsala universitet, främst hur motstånd till förändring kan motverkas. Problemet definieras genom frågan: Hur kan Uppsala universitet effektivisera implementeringen av administrativa stödprojekt? Syftet med denna studie är att lyfta fram kritiska framgångsfaktorer vid genomförandet av projekt. Färdigimplementerade administrativa stödprojekt studerades genom personliga intervjuer med projektansvariga och administratörer på institutioner. Upptäckterna analyserades med hjälp av en processorienterad teori baserad på Demingcykeln. Erfarenheterna utkristalliserades till konkreta riktlinjer och råd för framtida projektimplementeringar vid Uppsala universitet. Den främsta riktlinjen var att i större utsträckning informera och motivera de som kommer att påverkas av projektet.
Glade, Mathieu Lyonnet Patrick. "Modélisation des coûts de cycle de vie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/mglade.pdf.
Full textHouriet-Segard, Geneviève. "Logement, cycles démographiques et cycle de vie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0029.
Full textThis thesis includes three parts. It's objective is to better understanding interactions between demography and housing. Analysis of the demographic cycles influencing the housing demand and the housing market equilibrium: some existing housing market's models with a demographic determinant are reviewed. Such a model is then built up based on French economical data. The model's main hypothesis is that there is a systematic excess of housing supply over demand. The level of this excess has a direct incidence on the price of housing. This model is simulated using various demographic and economical scenarios. Analysis of residential choices during the life cycle: the focus is the household's housing behavior with the saving's life cycle theory (e. G. People buy a house when they are working and sell it when they are retire to compensate the loss of revenue and to maintain the same level of consumption). These behaviors are tested on the data of the French survey "enquete logement 92". Behaviors such as the housing consumption, the tenure choice and the mobility of elder householders are tested in the context of saving's life cycle theory. Microsimulation of the housing market that allows the study of the interactions between aging population, the housing market and intergenerational transfers (bequests and social security programs): at the microeconomic level, this model takes into account a heterogeneous population simulating events such as birth's and death's dates, salary, retirement pension and sometimes inheritances. All people live two periods in their lifetime where they will optimize their consumption following the generalized saving's life cycle theory. Lastly, individual behaviors are aggregated and compiled at a macroeconomic level. This model is also simulated for different demographic and economical evolutions
Virginillo, Martin Gustavo. "Méthode d'analyse du cycle de vie des emballages." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28009/28009.pdf.
Full textCharpin, Françoise. "Théorie du cycle de vie, croissance et endettement." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100093.
Full textRatel, Jean-Luc. "Du projet d'études au projet de vie : une analyse des parcours universitaires chez les étudiants des Premières Nations du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35198.
Full textQuebec’s Indigenous peoples have long been excluded from higher education because of the historical context of social segregation and the assimilative aim of the formal education imposed on them. Today, that population is experiencing increasing graduation rates, but they are maintaining a persistent gap with the non-Indigenous population. The data collected from 23 Quebec First Nations university students and graduates, plus 11 professionals working with them, allowed us to see a common pattern in the different school pathways: study in order to improve the well-being of Aboriginal people within and outside the communities. Research general objectives are, first, to contribute to a better knowledge of the phenomenon of university studies among the First Nations of Quebec and, second, to understand the meaning conferred by Quebec First Nations students on their university studies. Research specific objectives are to: 1) Understand the relationship to Indigenous identity and culture among First Nations students and graduates; 2) Understand the main factors explaining the transition to university of First Nations students and how their pathways go; 3) Understand the projects and achievements of First Nations students in connection with their university studies; 4) Analyze the environment offer by universities and public authorities to help the integration of Indigenous students into the university community. This thesis explains how the educational pathways of First Nations university students in Quebec are clearly influenced by their relationship to Indigenous identity and culture, and how that influence gives birth to study projects in the form of life projects in an Indigenous environment (Blaser, 2004). These projects are of a collective nature and focus on the well-being of Indigenous peoples in general, in addition to the students themselves, whether in communities or outside. I also explain how students manage to combine the contributions of Indigenous education with those of Western education, in connection with the conception of the decolonization of education as defined by Battiste (2013). Their relationship to Indigenous identity and cultures is analyzed in relation to the power relationships between the majority culture in Quebec, which is, itself, a minority in the Canadian context (McAndrew, 2005). It is therefore by identifying the characteristic elements of the external and internal faces of their cultures (Juteau, 1999) that I capture this influence in their schooling and, more generally, in their lives. The students and graduates interviewed testify, each in their own way, the anchoring of their educational backgrounds in the university model as a democratic public sphere (Giroux, 2002) in order to develop the well-being of Indigenous peoples. Most have experienced work and involvement in Indigenous communities at different points in their lives. I also note that some do not seek to anchor their studies in the model of life projects, but they, then, live their cultures in other spheres of activity. Most of the participants are students whose parents have not attended university (so-called first generation) and it is in the transmission of a favourable relation to the school institution that is part of the explanation to their transition to university, in connection with the sociology of Lahire (1995). The discussion continues to reflect on the university institution itself and its metamorphosis, which has allowed an increasing number of Aboriginal people to attend it, in relation to the idea of multiversity (Kerr, 1967). I argue for an intercultural campus model (Tanaka, 2003) designed as a democratic public sphere in order to better respond to the contemporary challenges of ethnocultural diversity in Quebec universities.
LALANDE, MULLER SYLVIE. "Migraine et vie genitale chez la femme." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M147.
Full textArrondel, Luc. "Hypothèse du cycle de vie et composition du patrimoine." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376114018.
Full textNaumchev, Alexandr. "Exigences orientées objets dans un cycle de vie continu." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30132.
Full textThe constantly changing customers' and users' needs require fast response from software teams. This creates strong demand for seamlessness of the software processes. Continuous integration, delivery and deployment, also known as DevOps, made a huge progress in making software processes responsive to change. This progress had little effect on software requirements, however. Specifying requirements still relies on the natural language, which has an enormous expressive power, but inhibits requirements' traceability, verifiability, reusability and understandability. Promoting the problematic qualities without inhibiting the expressiveness too much introduces a challenge. Bertrand Meyer, in his multirequirements method, accepts the challenge and proposes to express individual requirements on three layers: declarative subset of an object-oriented programming language, natural language and a graphical notation. This approach has motivated and inspired the work on the present thesis. While multirequirements focus on traceability and understandability, the Seamless Object-Oriented Requirements approach presented in the dissertation takes care of verifiability, reusability and understandability. The dissertation explores the Martin Glinz' hypothesis that software requirements should be objects to support seamlessness. The exploration confirms the hypothesis and results in a collection of tool-supported methods for specifying, validating, verifying and reusing object-oriented requirements. The most significant reusable technical contribution of the dissertation is a ready-to-use Eiffel library of template classes that capture recurring software requirement patterns. Concrete seamless object-oriented requirements inherit from these templates and become clients of the specified software. Object-oriented software construction becomes the method for requirements specification, validation and reuse; Design by Contract becomes the method for verifying correctness of implementations against the requirements. The dissertation reflects on several experiments and shows that the new approach promotes requirements' verifiability, reusability and understandability while keeping expressiveness at an acceptable level. The experiments rely on several examples, some of which are used as benchmarks in the requirements literature. Each experiment illustrates a problem through an example, proposes a general solution, and shows how the solution fixes the problem. While the experimentation relies on Eiffel and its advanced tool support, such as automated proving and testing, each idea underpinning the approach scales conceptually to any statically typed object-oriented programming language with genericity and elementary support for contracts
Popovici, Emil. "Contribution à l'analyse du cycle de vie des quartiers." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1340.
Full textStudies regarding the environmental quality of buildings have shown the importance of decisions at the settlement scale and of assessing the relevance of various architectural and technical solutions at this level. A settlement life cycle assessment (LCA) software tool was developed, providing a decision support to: project developers, designers, contractors and owners/residents, in order to design and manage a settlement in a sustainable way. This achievement was possible by linking a thermal simulation tool with a LCA tool at building level and complementing them with supplementary elements (e. G. Networks, open spaces, etc. ). Several environmental indicators are evaluated allowing comparisons of various alternative designs. First evaluations of three European settlements are presented in order to illustrate the application of the tool. This work aims to contribute in linking urban, architectural and technical design, according to an integrated design approach
Arrondel, Luc. "Hypothèse du cycle de vie et composition du patrimoine." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100166.
Full textThis thesis presents a general model of portfolio choices which is tested on the french CREP 1980 survey with 3. 000 households. The model extends the framework of modigliani's life cycle hypothesis to wealth composition with the help of existing partial theories (generalised form of the life cycle hypothesis allowing for bequest, merton's intertemporal portfolio choice model, model of acquisition of durable goods and housing). If finally assumes that household accumulation behaviour can be described by a three stage sequential procedure : (1) consumption-saving decision; (2) discrete choice of the combination of assets held; (3) continuous choice of conditional assets demands, given the combination held. Empirical econometric and statistical analysis deals both with the number of assets held, as an indicator of wealth diversification, and with portfolio composition. It shows the importance of the size of wealth and of age on assets demands and reveals the key role played by the discrete choice, results wich seem to vindicate the hypothesis of a three stage budgeting. From the explanatory variables of each asset ownership and conditional demand it is also possible to elaborate a typology of the 14 assets distinguished by the survey
Milette, Diane. "L'intérêt social dans une perspective du cycle de vie." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1993. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5280/1/000606511.pdf.
Full textLelièvre, Luc. "Cycle de vie et mobilité résidentielle dans l'agglomération de Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ44695.pdf.
Full textBeloin-Saint-Pierre, Didier. "Vers une caractérisation spatiotemporelle pour l'analyse du cycle de vie." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00857936.
Full textSallez, Yves. "Produit " actif " tout au long de son cycle de vie." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768771.
Full textRoux, Charlotte. "Analyse de cycle de vie conséquentielle appliquée aux ensembles bâtis." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM043/document.
Full textEnvironmental impacts induced by urban projects concern various topics (resources, health, biodiversity). Some are indirect impacts (for instance radioactive waste generated by electricity consumption). This calls for a holistic and multicriteria approach such as Life-Cycle-Analysis (LCA) in order to evaluate environmental performance of construction or retrofitting projects. Considering cradle to grave impacts this method is used at different project phases: program objectives, design aid, management strategies evaluation, retrofitting project, dismantling, and waste management.The thesis lies in the framework of life-cycle analysis applied to urban project design, from individual houses up to multifunctional neighborhoods. The underlying objective is to improve relevance and accuracy of the decision aid provided by LCA-based design tools.Three interacting topics have been investigated:- Consequential assessment: How can the results of current research on consequential LCA be implemented in Building LCA?- Dynamic: How to integrate dynamic interaction between buildings and the background system, mainly the electricity grid?- Prospective: How to take into account the long life span of buildings and urban districts?The dissertation firstly suggests a new framework for evaluating construction or retrofitting project, grounded in consequential LCA. The practical application of this consequential-project approach requires knowledge generation on dynamic and prospective LCA.A dynamic model of the electricity system has been developed. From this model, a reference operation year of the electricity system has been determined, mitigating climatic and economical hazards of real years. Based on this model, a dynamic average approach and a marginal approach are defined to assess life-cycle impacts of electricity consumption. These developments improve the accuracy of LCA independently of the chosen modeling approach, consequential or attributional.The prospective dimension is explored, through scenarios development. The suggested scenarios bring together national energy prospective research and global warming effects on buildings thermal behavior. The combined effects are evaluated using a novel and integrated approach.The thesis then addresses the scale issue when moving from building to district projects. Following the consequential-project approach principles, the focus is made on integrating daily transport and domestic waste models in LCA of urban projects. A method to combine local transport simulation models and building LCA is suggested. It establishes a first step towards integrated multidisciplinary assessment of urban projects.The developed approaches and methodologies are finally tested on a case study
Volatron, Jeanne. "Cycle de vie de nanoparticules dans l'organisme : biotransformations et biodégradaton." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC102/document.
Full textWith the advent of nanotechnology, the exposure of humans to nanomaterials increased, representing a risk of a new kind. Although the potential toxicity of such nanomaterials is extensively studied, their long term fate, biotransformation and degradation in the organism are still poorly understood. It was demonstrated earlier in the laboratory, that after intravenous injection, iron oxide nanoparticles undergo local intracellular degradation within lysosomes. In this context, we are interested in the fate of by products from iron oxide nanoparticles. Part of my thesis has focused on a possible pathway for metabolizing these degradation products through a protein involved in iron metabolism, the ferritin. We first studied, in solution, the degradation processes of iron oxide nanoparticles in the presence of these proteins as well as the iron transfer processes from nanoparticles to ferritin. The difficulty is the high concentration of endogenous iron which makes impossible to demonstrate these in vivo transfers. Thus, we have developed a strategy, using doped iron oxide nanoparticles with a scarce element in the organism, to track these phenomena in vivo. This work highlighted a possible mechanism of biological recycling, remediation and detoxification of nanoparticles mediated by endogenous proteins at the molecular scale. A second part of my work was devoted to develop a multi-scale method to study the life cycle of metal oxide nanoparticles and their by products in organism. The main challenge is to differentiate iron stemming from the nanoparticles from the endogenous iron. This specific tracking problem is routinely encountered in geochemical studies and solved by labelling the target material with minor stable isotopes. Therefore, iron oxide nanoparticles enriched in the minor stable isotope 57Fe were synthetized and injected intravenously in mice to follow dynamic circulations of iron oxide nanoparticles and their byproducts. We have also labelled the coating to track the nanoparticles integrity in mice over a period of six month
El, Faiz Meryem. "Analyse du cycle de vie à l'aide du logiciel SimaPro." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40144.
Full textLife cycle assessment (LCA) is a standardized method for assessing the environmental impacts of a product, which is defined by the ISO 14040: 2006 and ISO 14044: 2006standards. It is a recognized approach for assessing the environmental impact of products across their entire life cycle from raw materials extraction through manufacturing, transportation, usage and disposal based on a set of indicators representative of environmental issues of the product (climate change, natural resources, ozone, toxicity, ecotoxicity). Performing a life cycle assessment requires processing, calculating and analyzing a lot of information. The use of LCA software facilitates these different phases and assures transparency and traceability. This thesis presents a state of the art of the tools and methods available for carrying out an LCA based on the principles of the ISO14040 series. SimaPro, one of the main commercial software available for LCA practitioners, is presented in detail through a case study, in order to explore the different basic functions, databases and the impact calculation methods made available with the software. Keywords: LCA, environmental footprint, databases, SimaPro.
De, Lavergne Casimir. "Eléments du cycle de vie de l'Eau Antarctique de Fond." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066373/document.
Full textAntarctic Bottom Water is the most voluminous water mass of the World Ocean, and it feeds the deepest and slowest component of ocean circulation. The processes that govern its lifecycle are therefore key to the ocean's carbon and heat storage capacity on centennial to multi-millennial timescales. This thesis aims at characterizing and quantifying processes responsible for the destruction (synonymous of lightening and upwelling) of Antarctic Bottom Water in the abyssal ocean. Using an observational estimate of the global ocean thermohaline structure and diagnostics based on the density budget of deep waters, we explore the roles of basin geometry, geothermal heating and mixing by breaking internal waves for the abyssal circulation. We show that the shape of ocean basins largely controls the structure of abyssal upwelling. The contribution of mixing powered by breaking internal waves, though poorly constrained, is estimated to be insufficient to destroy Antarctic Bottom Water at a rate comparable to that of its formation. Geothermal heating plays an important role for the upwelling of waters covering large seafloor areas. The results suggest a reappraisal of the role of mixing in deep straits and sills, but also of the fundamental role of basin geometry, for the lightening and transport of abyssal waters
Corneau, Sophie. "Agroforesterie, modernisation agricole et modes de vie Hani : Étude d'un projet-pilote au Yunnan, Chine." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41034.
Full textCatteau, Olivier. "Le cycle de vie de l'objet pédagogique et de ses métadonnées." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344701.
Full text- une représentation des relations qui utilise des techniques de visualisation de l'information pour rechercher des OP et fournir aux utilisateurs une vue générale de la progression de la production ;
- un service de gestion des commentaires qui offre aux enseignants et aux apprenants l'opportunité d'exploiter, d'exprimer et de partager des évaluations et des suggestions d'utilisation d'OP dans le système adéquat au moment où elles sont pertinentes ;
- un service de gestion des évolutions qui sensibilise les enseignants et les responsables de cours aux divergences qui apparaissent entre les OP importés dans les plates-formes pédagogiques et leurs évolutions et dépendances qui sont stockées dans des viviers hétérogènes.
Cette approche, basée sur des objets pédagogiques de forte granularité, a été expérimentée au sein du campus numérique International E-Mi@ge.
Bertin, Jean-Marie. "Modélisation sémantique des bases de données d'inventaires en cycle de vie." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876636.
Full textRevillet, Claire. "Cycle de vie des lignes de grains. Bilans d'eau et d'énergie." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601245.
Full textTang, Lin. "Hypothèse du cycle de vie et comportement d'accumulation patrimoniale en incertain." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100074.
Full textUsing a numerical method, this thesis looks at, within the context of the life cycle hypothesis, the constitution of sav ings and the accumulation of wealth where the length of humain life is incertain. Introdusing the notion of torsion, the autor has shown the extent of the effect of the 4th age. The optimum life assurance cover and the decision to purchase or dispose of property are also treated
LE, BORGNE ROZENN. "De l'usage des analyses de cycle de vie dans l'industrie automobile." Paris, ENSAM, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENAM0010.
Full textBertin, Benjamin. "Modélisation sémantique des bases de données d'inventaires en cycle de vie." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0049/document.
Full textEnvironmental impact assessment of goods and services is nowadays a major challenge for both economic and ethical reasons. Life Cycle Assessment provides a well accepted methodology for modeling environmental impacts of human activities. This methodology relies on the decomposition of a studied system into interdependent processes in a step called Life Cycle Inventory. Every process has several environmental impacts and the composition of those processes provides the cumulated environmental impact for the studied human activities. Several organizations provide processes databases containing several thousands of processes with their interdependency links that are used by LCA practitioners to do an LCA study. Understanding and audit of those databases requires to analyze a huge amount of processes and their dependency relations. But those databases can contain thousands of processes linked together. We identified two problems that the experts faces using those databases: - organize the processes and their dependency relations to improve the comprehensibility; - calculate the impacts and, if it is not possible, find why it is not feasible. In this thesis, we: - show that there are some semantic similarities between the processes and their dependency relations and propose a new way to model the dependency relations in an inventory database. In our approach, we semantically index the processes using an ontology and we use a multi-layers model of the dependency relations. We also study a declarative approach of this multi-layers approach; - propose a method to calculate the environmental impacts of the processes based on linear algebra and graph theory, and we study the conditions of the feasibility of this calculation when we have a cyclic model. We developed a prototype based on this approach that showed some convincing results on different use cases. We tested our prototype on a case study based on a data set extracted from the National Renewable Energy restricted to the electricity production in the United-States
Hajjaji, Noureddine. "Analyse de cycle de vie exergétique de systèmes de production d’hydrogène." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL002N/document.
Full textConsidered as the future energy carrier, hydrogen appears to be the miracle solution to overcome the current energy crisis and environmental problems. This can be possible only by solving all the problems associated with its life cycle (production, distribution, storage and final use).Due to the large number of environmental impacts generated during hydrogen production, the complexity of their evaluation and the possible interactions among them the use of environmental assessment methods is necessary. The Exergetic Life Cycle Assessment (ELCA) approach was chosen as the most useful tool for hydrogen production scenarios investigation. It compares hydrogen production systems in order to identify which one is more eco-efficient and recognizes their opportunities for environmental improvement. Eight scenarios for hydrogen production were studied by the ELCA approach. These scenarios are essentially based on reforming techniques of fossil methane, biomethane and bioethanol. The results show that the hydrogen produced by fossil methane scenarios, a mature and widely used technique, are the largest consumers of abiotic resources and emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG). The use of biomethane as hydrogen source presents an interesting solution. The environmental profile of a hydrogen ex-bio-methane can be made even more attractive solution by improving anaerobic digestion system with on-site reforming process. The use of bio-ethanol produced from wheat as a hydrogen source has large environmental impacts. In fact, these processes are characterized by large eutrophication and acidification potentials in addition to their emissions of large amount of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, bio-ethanol can be a sustainable and renewable source for hydrogen production on condition that it is produced by environmentally friendly manners
Coursaget, Solène. "L' "orientation tout au long de la vie" : du mot d'ordre à la réalité. Acteurs, dispositifs, pratiques." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0020.
Full textThe lifelong guidance has become a commonplace of political discourses. It is presented as a way to unify a patchwork of organisms, stakeholders and ideas, and to equip people to face in the labor market. Structured through a plethora of legislative proceedings, this notion carries a vision of rational persons, able to take charge of their careers independently. This thesis questions the concrete forms of guidance, at a time when its access throughout life is enshrined as a right, an,d the continuity it preaches given to obvious. This work intends to combine what disciplinary boundaries deal separately; it proposes a joint analysis of the orientation in educational and professional contexts. The three levels of interaction apprehended (national, local, individual) lead us to confront political wills, translations of these injunctions operated by local actors, and experiences of targeted audiences, both in the educational and professional spheres. We speculate that lifelong guidance is become an organizing principle of professional life. However, we believe this approach can be a powerful vector of inequalities, people being unequally able to successfully anticipate and project themselves, to the image of that request the orientation process
Carreteiro, Teresa Cristina. "La souffrance comme projet de vie : recherche comparative en milieu défavorisé au Brésil et en France." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070081.
Full textThis study aims to explore ways in which individuals from underprivileged strata in france and in brazil express their psychological suffering and come to position themselves as social dependents. Three aspects are examined: 1) individuals tend to express their subjectivity through the body and have difficulty in formulating innovative projects. The life-stories which are collected illuminate this situation. 2) housing space acts as a condensed manifestation of the various lacks that these individuals experience, and reveals their social exclusion. 3) by processing the subjects as "sick" people in need of assistance, social wel fare institutions come to identify them as "diminished citizens". For people who are "assisted" , suffering is the only capital that is available to them. Suffering, transformed into illness, comes to define their life-project. Illness enables the subjects to fill the identity gaps which may exist between their position as sons within the genealogical system, and their position as citizens within the social system
Hoang, Gia Trang. "La construction du projet de vie chez les adolescents âgés de 15 à 17 ans scolarisés au Vietnam." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0020.
Full textThe life's project conctruction is a new topic in Vitenam. Our research is conducted with 345 hight-school students who lives in urban an rural area. This research focused on two sides of project : professional and personal project familly and school a role important in this process. The variable "habitat" is the most influenced on project construction of youth. Then, it's the variable "age" and "sex"
Lasvaux, Sébastien. "Étude d'un modèle simplifié pour l'analyse de cycle de vie des bâtiments." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00712043.
Full textYayi, Adémola Eric. "Les choix de portefeuille des ménages au cours du cycle de vie." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0507/document.
Full textThe increasing complexity of financial products offered to households and the recent financial inno-vations have revealed households’ vulnerability and their difficulty in making appropriate decisions. Tounderstand their behaviour, this thesis deals with household portfolio choice over their life cycle. It consistsof four chapters. Professional financial planners often advise savers that the fraction of wealth held in riskyassets should decline with age or the distance to retirement. Chapter 1 sheds light on this recommendation.We show that the investment profile based on this recommendation is not preferable to an investment profilewhose share invested in risky assets remains constant over time, due to the sensitivity of their performance tomarket and investment length. This led us to analyse the relationship between financial decisions and portfolioinertia in Chapter 2. It appears that the risky share is sensitive to market conditions, but mainly at the dateof subscription. Once the initial share has been selected, inertia of portfolio choice is observed as investorsrarely revise their position subsequently. However, in case of large swings in financial markets, portfolio inertiafalls, and even more so when market go down. The propensity to inertia is influenced by savers’ age, the time,and the subscription date of the contract. Chapter 3 examines how household risky share vary with age. Weshow that the share of capital invested in unit-linked funds chosen by the investor declines steadily. Chapter 4analyses household participation in financial markets and the impact of the economic environment on portfoliochoice. We show that institutional factors encourage investment in real estate at the expense of risky assets.In addition to their economic environment, household portfolio choices are influenced by demographic andsocial factors
Saad, Lara. "Optimisation du coût du cycle de vie des structures en béton armé." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22692/document.
Full textCivil engineering structures, particularly reinforced concrete bridges, should be designed and managed to ensure the society needs. It is crucial to assure that these structures function properly and safely as damage during the service life can lead to transport disturbance, catastrophic loss of property, causalities, as well as severe economic, social, and environmental impacts, in addition to long term consequences. Decision-makers adopt various activities to maintain adequate long-term performance and functionality while satisfying financial constraints. Ideally, they may employ optimization techniques to identify the trade-offs between minimizing the life-cycle cost (LCC) and maximizing the expected service life. This requires the development of three challenging chores: life cycle analysis, reliability analysis and structural optimization. The current approaches for the design and management of structures through a Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) highlight the following needs: (1) an integrated and systematic approach to model coherently the deterioration processes, the increasing traffic loads, the aging and the direct and indirect consequences of failure, (2) a mutual consideration of economic, structural and stochastic dependencies between the elements of a structural system, (3) an adequate approach for the deterioration dependencies and load redistribution between the elements, (4) an improvement of system reliability computation as a function of the structural redundancy and configuration that can take into account the dependencies between the elements, (5) a consideration of design and maintenance optimization procedures that focus coherently on the robustness of the management decision and on the satisfaction of reliability requirements.The overall objective of this study is to provide improved LCCA and procedures that can be applied to select optimal and robust design and maintenance decisions regarding new and existing reinforced concrete structures, by minimizing both manager and user costs, while providing the required safety along the structure lifetime, taking into account the most severe degradation processes and the dependencies between structural elements. In the first part of this thesis, a literature review concerning the current probabilistic design and maintenance procedures is presented, and the LCC components are discussed. Then, a new approach is developed to evaluate the user delay costs on a reinforced concrete bridge structure, based on direct and indirect costs related to degradation and failure, and to integrate it to the life cycle cost function, in order to allow for probabilistic design. In addition,the coupled corrosion-fatigue model is considered in the design optimization. Afterward, a structural maintenance planning approach is developed to consider the three types of interactions, namely economic, structural and stochastic dependencies. The proposed model uses fault tree analysis and conditional probabilities to reflect the dependencies in the maintenance planning. The consequences of degradation are evaluated and a method is proposed to account for the load redistribution. Moreover, a practical formulation for quantifying the reliability of a system formed of interrelated components is proposed, by the mean of a redundancy factor that can be computed by finite element analysis. Finally, a new optimization procedure is proposed, by taking into account the uncertainties in the analysis, and the structural ability to adapt to variability, unforeseen actions or deterioration mechanisms. The proposed procedure takes account of uncertainties andvariability in one consistent formulation, which is shown through numerical applications. (...)
Fawaz, Wissam. "Le cycle de vie de service dans les réseaux optiques nouvelles générations." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132034.
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